1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE ·11151 PETITIONS, ETC. tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, by Soviet Rus­ surely and certainly come to them if such sia, and protesting a summit meeting efforts will be continued; to the Committee Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions which, under present circumstances, will on Foreign Affairs. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk only strengthen the cause of international 224. By the SPEAKER: Petition of George and referred as follows: · communism, and expressing heartfelt thanks Harclaon, Seattle, Wash., relative to de­ for the many efforts being made by the manding an investigation by the rackets 223. By Mr. FLYNN: Resolution of the President, the Senate, and the House of Rep­ committee into the affairs and activities of Lithuanian Americans of Racine, Wis., me­ resentatives of the United States on behalf the commission for the Seattle World's Fair morializing the 19th anniversary of the of those still behind the curtain of iron and and the proposed Seattle Civic Center; to forcible occupation of the Baltic States, Es- who still dream of the freedom which must the Committee on Rules.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Results of a Poll: Fifth Congressional program is helpful to you? Yes, 11 percent; by Senator JosEPH CLARK, the distinguished no, 89 percent. Democrat of Pennsylvania. My first chore District of Ohio (c) Do you agree that the farmer generally was to describe the provisions, and so here wants fewer controls and more freedom from they are. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Government interference even though it may The Commission on Metropolitan Problems mean a temporary period of price adjust­ would have 18 members. OF ment? Yes, 90.4 percent; no, 9.6 percent. The President of the Senate would appoint (d) Has the soil bank program been help­ six Members, and the Speaker of the House HON. DELBERT L. LATTA ful to you? Yes, 10.7 percent; no, 89.3 would appoint six Representatives. The OF OHIO percent. President of the United States would choose IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES another six. These six appointees would in­ clude the heads of two Federal departments ~ednesday,June17,1959 Proposed Commission on Metropolitan and two Governors from States having major Mr. LATrA. Mr. Speaker, recently I urbanization problems (I hereby put in a Problems nomination for New Jersey), and two mayors, conducted a survey of my district on and I leave that nomination up to my New several issues before the Nation. In York City friends in the audience. order to apprise the House of the think­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS The Commission would make a complete ing of the people of the Fifth Congres­ OF and full investigation into the Federal sional District of Ohio on these impor­ policies and programs affecting the Nation's tant matters, I am inserting the results HON. JOSEPH S. CLARK metropolitan areas. Of thiS poll in the RECORD. OF PENNSYLVANIA In the words of the bill, the Commission IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES would try to determine-- The questions and the percentage of " ( 1) the present and prospective needs of "Yes" and "No" answers to each question Wednesday, June 17, 1959 the Nation's metropolitan areas for public ~: ~ven by the people of the district in the Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, one of services, including but not limited to plan­ questionnaires are set forth below: the best statements in support of a bill ning, highways, mass transit facilities, water 1. Should we maintain the best possible resources, elimination of air and water pollu­ to create a Federal Commission on Met .. tion, health and welfare services, schools, defense regardless of its impact on the ropolitan Problems-S.1431-which I in.. budget? Yes, 80.5 percent; no, 19.5 percent. recreation facilities, urban renewal and 2. (a) Should our mutual security-foreign traduced earlier this year, has been made housing, ports, airports, and prevention of aid program be limited to military assist­ by the able and experienced junior Sena.. crime and delinquency; ance? Yes, 74.8 percent; no, 25.2 percent. tor from New Jersey [Mr. WILLIAMS], in "(2) capabalities of different levels of gov­ (b) Should we also continue our economic a recent speech before the New York ernment to meet such needs; assistance in the hope that these countries chapter of the American Society for Pub.. "(3) the extent to which the Federal Gov­ w111 remain allied with the non-Communist ernment is assisting metropolitan areas in lie Administration. meeting such needs; nations? Yes, 47 percent; no, 53 percent. I think it is particularly significant 3. Do you favor President Eisenhower's po­ "(4) means for improved coordination of sition on Berlin? Yes, 91 percent; no, 9 that the Senator gives his endorsement Federal, State, and local policies and pta­ percent. to this measure, because he comes from grams that affect metropolitan areas; 4. Do you favor the proposed llf2 -cent in­ one of the most urban States in the " ( 5) such other matters as may be of as­ 'l!rease in the gasoline tax to maintain our Union and has been struggling with met .. sistance in solving the various problems of, "ederal interstate highway construction ropolitan problems both as an alert, ag.. and promoting the social and economic well­ :Program on a pay-as-you-go basis? Yes, 54.6 gressive Representative and as a Senator. being of, the Nation's metropolitan areas." percent; no, 45.4 percent. The Commission would submit its report I ask unanimous consent that that por.. to the President and the Congress before 5. Do you favor the proposal to expand tion of the speech pertaining to this bill the social security program to include the February 1, 1961. payment of surgical and hospital bills if it be printed in the RECORD. I've been told by the Senate Committee on means an increase in your social security tax? I also ask unanimous consent that foJ .. Government Operations that they hope to be Yes, 30.1 percent; no, 69.9 percent. lowing the speech of the Senator from ready within the next month or so to start 6. Do you favor legislation to effectively New Jersey, a copy of an editorial from hearings on Senator CLARK's bill. The com­ curb the irregularities revealed by the Mc­ the Bergen Evening Record, published mittee is awaiting reports from heads of Fed­ Clellan committee in some of the labor eral administrative agencies before starting at Hackensack, N.J., commenting on his the hearings. unions? Yes, 95.2 percent; no, 4.8 percent. remarks, be printed. The editorial is 7. Do you favor an expansion of the Fed­ entitled "Things To Come as We Shape THE WALKING TOUR eral Trade Commission's investigation of the Like many other legislators, I very much price differential betweeen what a farmer re­ Them." There being no objection, the speech hope that the bill will be passed, and passed ceives for his product and what the consumer as soon as possible. pays for it? Yes, 7{).1 percent; no, 23.9 and editorial were ordered to be printed I think it will make possible what I would percent. in the RECORD, as follows: like to call a walking tour approach to our 8. Do you favor Federal aid for school­ ADDRESS BY SENATOR WILLIAMS OF NEW JERSEY metropolitan problems. buildings if it means any Federal control? Let me explain what I mean by a "walking Yes, 24.8 percent; no, 75.2 percent. You have given me an important topic here tonight. tour." · 9. (a) If you are engaged in farming do A planner recently said that statistics don't you believe that Public Law 480 which pro­ S. 1431-which would establish a Federal Commission on Metropolitan Problems-is help us at all when we try to understand vides that the Government may sell farm urban blight. He suggested instead that surpluses abroad for foreign currency should one of the most significant bills introduced this year, and I appreciate this opportunity citizens take a walk through the slums, be expanded? Yes, 80.6 percent; no, 19.4 through the so-called gray zones, through the percent. to speak to a group which has such a keen interest in it. new sections of cities which are already show­ (b) Since the Soft Red Winter Wheat ing signs of decay. He was talking only grown in Ohio is in demand and is not con­ DESCRIPTION OF S. 1431 about slums, but I think we need the same tributing to the what surplus, do you believe Mr. Harvey was clear in his instructions. kind of approach when we talk about metro­ that a Government control-price support I am to discuss the bill introduced March 16, politan problems. 11152 -cONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 17 The proposed Federal Commission would people will reach 18 years of age in 1975 Actually a great deal can be done. We give the entire Nation the kind of tour I have alone. This would be nearly twice as many have before us the Regional Plan Associa­ in mind. as reached their 18th birthday in 1958. And tion projection. That's a help, because it The Commission, and the experts it could so it would seem that our metropolitan tells us what to expect. Having digested it hire, would have hearings in the key urban areas are going to be quite lively places in as dispassionately as possible, it might not areas throughout the Nation. These hearings 1975-with demands for more schools, more be a bad idea to follow the suggestion of would focus attention on problems well un­ homes, and more services for each of those Senator WILLIAMS (Democrat, of New Jersey). derstood by planners and political leaders, homes. who proposed a walking tour of any urban but understood only vaguely by the general I quote all this to emphasize the fact that area under discussion for redevelopment. public. we can't sit back and hope the metropolitan Find out what you have before you try to In other words, this Commission would problem will go away if we ignore it. It discuss what's to be done with it, Senator help us take inventory. will become very much worse unless we take WILLIAMS urged the New York chapter of the For the first time, we would know, on a action as fast as possible, and it is my deep American Society for Public Administration. national basis, what our needs really are. conviction that one of the best courses of It is surprising and a little dismaying to dis­ For the first time, we would know how initial action is to pass S. 1431. cover how really little we know about the Federal programs really are affecting our STEVENSON QUOTE communities in which we live. That's the urban areas. We will have to do much more, of course, first step: get the facts. See them. Weigh For the first time, we would know whether to save our cities and the suburbs which them. Get the feel of them. we're running neck and neck with the threat are now almost a working part of those After that comes the time for some re-· to the future of our cities or if we're far cities. appraisal and then a plan for the future, a behind. I think that Adlai Stevenson-at that plan based on realities and implemented by On all sides we receive new evidence daily same action conference in Newark-de­ sensible and practical zoning. Not one of of the need for a true understanding of what scribed the task ahead in admirable and the older communities is able at this precise is happening in our metropolitan areas. _inspiring terms. moment to undertake an expensive job of In our home communities, we complain His concluding statements shall be mine: urban renewal. Not all of them need it. about our tax bills, but we also say that we "There are people in the world today who But the day will come when they will, and are not receiving the services we want. say that tough public problems are best this is the time to plan for it. Perhaps an­ We hear proposals for new giant agencies solved behind closed doors, by dictators or other examination should be made of the to govern areas which cross municipal, central committees. But in our land we dare proposed Federal Commission on Metropoli­ county, and State lines. not even reach for a goal of human improve­ tan Problems which Senator WILLIAMs men­ And above all, we hear the cry for more ment in disregard of human needs, human tioned. It could undertake an authoritative Federal aid, for our schools, for our airports, values, human judgments. The central tenet marshaling of fact. for our railroads, for our water supply, for of statesmanship in a democracy is that un­ The development portrayed by the Re­ almost every need which arises when millions less the people understand it and participate gional Plan Association will take place over of people move from established cities to new in it, no long-term program can endure. a period of 15 years. As urban planning is suburbs. "So, as we put ourselves to the rebuilding reckoned, 15 years is little more than over­ Now, I happen to believe that Federal aid of our cities, to the problems of their night. But there is yet time if we put it to can be a creative and well directed force in growth, we will look for leadership, a high good use. What the Regional Plan Associa­ the life of our Nation. quality of skill, in the managing of this tion forecasts is not inexorable. It is not the But I also say this: task. But we will not buy the shibboleth voice of doom. It is the challenge of to­ We must know more about how our Federal that autocratic action is essential to achieve morrow. aid is being spent. All of you have heard the desired result. We will not leave the stories about one Federal agency's duplicat­ subject to an anointed few. ing the work of another-or undoing the "The municipality of tomorrow must be The A. C. Gilbert Co. Marks 50th Anni­ work of another. renewed in the image of people's hopes and All here have heard reports that 13 million ambitions for a better life. The values to versary unsafe or unsanitary dwelling units are oc­ be re-created must have a sound political cupied by American families, and that most and economic pedestal, but they must flow EXTENSION OF REMARKS of these units are in metropolitan areas. from human needs. OF I think most persons in this room have "Thus will we build and rebuild our cities, wondered what will happen to our cities and in so doing, renew and rekindle our HON. FRANK KOWALSKI unless we can make our great new high­ faith in ourselves and in the limitless ere- · OF CONNECTICUT ways part of a city instead of a corridor ativeness of freemen." through it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When we turn to any major problem of [From the Bergen Evening Record, June 3, Wednesday, June 17, 1959 our small towns and the cities they sur­ 1959] Mr. KOWALSKI. Mr. Speaker, to­ round, we find that we have not yet taken THINGS To COME AS WE SHAPE THEM an inventory of all our problems. We don't morrow the city of New Haven, Conn .• know the total extent of the job which What the Regional Plan Association is try­ will observe A. C. Gilbert Day, honor­ faces us. ing to tell us in the north Jersey suburbs ing the 50th anniversary of the found­ American cities don't need a dole. They in another of its provocative reports can be compressed into two words: ing of the A. C. Gilbert Co., a firm which need a positive statement of urban program bas contributed greatly to our country policy from Federal administrators. The "Get ready." proposed Commission, by unearthing and The association's $600,000 3-year study on in times of peace and war. dramatizing the facts, will help us get the population trends in the 22-county metro­ It was on June 18, 1909, that A. C. answers and political support we have politan area forecasts that within 15 years Gilbert, a graduate of the Yale Univer­ needed for so long and have not had. the population will increase 25 percent and sity School of Medicine and the holder that much of it will have to be absorbed by POPULATION BOOMS the older, handier, more heavily settled of the Olympic pole-vaulting champion­ Population experts are also giving us a suburban areas. That, of course, means ship, opened the doors of a small manu­ dismaying peek into their crystal ball. communities like Hackensack, Englewood, facturing plant. A United Nations study said the world Garfield, Cliffside Park, Rutherford-in fact, In the years since then, this business population may more than double by the any community having available what the has developed into one of the largest toy year 2000. Regional Plan Association accurately calls manufacturing firms in the world. The One professor tells us that population hand-me-down housing. names of such Gilbert products as jumps by about 4Y:z million persons a year. The trend is out of New York City. New More than 50 percent of this increase is ex­ York City will remain, the study said, the Erector sets and American Flyer trains pected to take place in metropolitan areas, area's center of finance, commerce, and cul­ have become household words. Mr. Gil­ by the way. ture. But manufacturing and business are bert believed that every child was a - One of President ·Eisenhower's advisers likely to move away from the city, and it potential builder, inventor, engineer, or (Dr. Raymond J. Saulnier, Chairman of the will bring with it wherever it goes not only scientist. Their natural curiosity to President's Council of Economic Advisers) the structures of manufacturing and busi­ learn the answers to how and why played a few variations on this Malthusian ness but the people who work in them. phenomena occur could be channeled theme at the action conference in Newark Those people will seek homes near where on May 4. they work. And as the younger native peo­ into the useful, dedicated occupations of He quoted Census Bureau estimates to ple move away from the crowded communi­ adults, provided that in the process a show that the population increase within ties existing housing will be taken over by child derived hours of fun. the next 17 years will be between 40 and 68 the new people from the city. That his reasoning was and still is million persons, and that about 4 million So what can we do about it? correct is indicated by the thousands of 1959. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 11153 youngsters who have been directed to In a few days we will mark the 25th particularly through the union health plans vocations as engineers, chemists, lab­ anniversary of Franklin Roosevelt's message and prepaid group health organizations. to Congress laying down the guidelines for Those in this room have been among the oratory workers, and technicians, and what has since become the social security leaders in these promising developments. other professions, by radio kits, chemis­ system of the United States. And yet we cannot honestly say we have try sets, microscopes, atomic-energy sets, "Among our objectives," he said in that in sight a comprehensive solution for the and other educational playtools which message, "I place the security of the men, gigantic task of bringing good medical care found their way into the toy industry. women and children of the Nation first." within the reach of every American. All this has paid off for America. In that sentence F.D.R. summarized one Those who can afford to buy it individu­ Scientific toys have helped win a war; of the great revolutions in American po­ ally can get it. litical thinking-one which grew out of Those who are fortunate enough to belong have held a part in the fight for the de­ the great depression. In that sentence he to unions which have won comprehensive velopment of new techniques in medi­ put the final seal of rejection on the de­ health plans through collective bargaining cine; in the development of industrial grading, poor law philosophy which had can get it. products and in the promotion of busi­ dominated American public attitudes to­ Those who have had the foresight to or­ ness ventures, all because some boy, now ward dependency and the problems of de­ ganize and join prepaid group health asso­ a scientist, businessman, or engineer, re­ pendency. ciations can get it. But for large segments membered his boyhood playtools and Of course, there were diehard dissenters. of our population, medical care is limited went back to them for aid in perfecting My good friend, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in to emergencies, and even when the medical his great book on "The Age of Roosevelt" emergency is surmounted, it leaves a finan­ prototypes for such things as the Bailey records that a distinguished Republican, now cial emergency in its wake. bridge of World War II fame, heart­ ranking minority member of the House Ap­ I am not an expert in medical care. It is lung machines, machines for making propriations Committee, greeted the social my job to worry about the practical prob- artificial heart parts, the Gantry crane, security system with these words: "Never lems of legislation. . the pigeonhole garage, to name a few. in the history of the world has any measure I do not profess to know how we will It is a pleasure to salute this great been brought in here so insidiously designed solve all the difficult and complex problems Connecticut firm on its 50th anniversary as to prevent business recovery, to enslave of bringing good medical care within the and to pay tribute to it for its pioneer workers, and to prevent any possibility of reach and within the means of all our peo­ the employers providing work for the peo­ ple. But we who struggle with legislative work in interesting young people in ple." practicalities must look to people like you working and achieving for themselves. The spokesman for the Illinois Manufac­ for the design of health programs of general turers' Association said that social security legislative application. We must look to you would undermine our national life "by de­ to experiment with new forms of the organi­ stroying initiative, discouraging thrift, and zation and administration and financing of Next Steps Toward Health stifiing individual responsibility." medical care. We must look to you to ex­ The spokesman for the American Bar As­ periment in the reorganization of medical sociation labeled it the beginning of a pat­ practice to provide total medical care. EXTENSION OF REMARKS tern which "sooner or later will bring about Our objective should be to do this as far OF the inevitable abandonment of private as possible through voluntary means, by doc­ capitalism." tors and patients acting freely together. In HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY Yes, my friends, as we try to move on to this, developments like group practice, OF MINNESOTA round out the coverage and the protections group health associations and HIP are im­ of our social security system we can expect IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES portant milestones. Legislation should en­ the same opposition, the same gloomy courage such voluntary action. Wednesday, June 17, 1959 alarm, that has greeted every reform and every great forward step in our history. In the meantime, however, there are Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I things we can do, things we can and must But the fact remains that we must get do quickly. ask unanimous consent that the text of on with this unfinished business. The question is not whether we are going We must move on to overcome the short­ an address which I delivered at the age of health personnel-doctors, nurses, ninth annual Group Health Institute to finish it, because we will. The question is how and when. therapists, medical social workers. The luncheon in New York City on May 26, shortage of these is becoming acute and will 1959 be printed in the RECORD. We need to modernize our unemployment become worse as our population increases. There being no objection, the address compensation laws. I have sponsored legis­ We need to expand our medical schools and lation to accomplish this. It is a cause for other training facilities. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, great disappointment that this has recently as follows: We need to expand our hospital facilities. been rejected by the House Ways and Means Recent amendments to the Hill-Burton pro­ NEXT STEPS TOWARD HEALTH Committee. But we will try again-and soon. gram have made possible the expansion of (Remarks of Senator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY facilities for long-term medical care and at the ninth annual Group Health Insti­ We need to increase the amount of old-ag.e for rehabilitation and outpatient services. tute luncheon, New York City, May 26, benefits, which in many cases are disgrace­ We need to encourage the establishment 1959) fully low. I have been among the sponsors of group practice facilities for voluntary of legislation to do this, and I regret very I never cease to wonder at the range of nonprofit, prepaid, health service associa­ Mrs. Roosevelt's capacity for doing good. much that the increases enacted last year tions. Since the 81st Congress, I have in­ You know her wonderful work for the United were so meager. Within the next decade troduced community health facilities bills Nations, for human rights, and for peace. our social security benefit standard should to provide long-term, low-interest loans for be increased not by 10 percent, but by 50 such facilities. I have reintroduced that bill Within the last few weeks she has been in percent or more. Washington helping to improve the condi­ within the last week. It is essential that we tions of migrant workers, helping to get the When we enacted the social security sys­ encourage and help these voluntary asso­ minimum wage raised, helping in the cam­ tem, we embarked on a program which ciations to bring health services to American paign for better housing. Today she is here would provide not only the material basis people just as the principles of cooperative giving of her time and her immense in­ for subsistence to those who could not be voluntary association brought electricity to fiuence in the cause of health. Wherever self-supporting. We embarked on a pro­ rural America. And like the REA coopera­ there is good to be done, we can be grateful gram which would also preserve their self­ tives, these facilities are particularly im­ that she is on hand to do it. respect. Even so long as there is poverty in portant in bringing medical services to rural And I want to pay tribute also to that the United States, let there never be paupers. communities. patron saint of medical care-Mary Lasker. In no aspect of welfare is this more true We need to step up the pace of medical Without her crusading interest and support than in health. Our system of economic se­ research. We should thank Senator HILL and her wonderful work we would not be curity should enable people to buy the nec­ and Congressman FoGARTY for taking the nearly so far along toward the goal of good essaries of food, housing, and clothing. It lead in providing for expanded appropria­ health and good medical care for everybody should enable them to obtain the necessaries tions for the National Institutes of Health. in this country. of health. Food, clothing, shelter-to th~se We need to encourage research not only That is our goal. I am pleased and hon­ basic needs I add health, the right of every in the diagnosis and treatment of illness, ored that you have invited me here to take American to adequate health services, re­ but also in the social and economic aspects counsel with you on some of the next steps gardless of his income. of health and medical care. we must take. I am particularly flattered We have made enormous strides forward And we must be sure that we train com­ to be here because in this room are some of in the science of health, both in the preven­ petent research personnel. the best brains and bravest spirits in the tion and the treatment of illness. I wish that I could make the case for business. The solutions to these problems, We have made considerable progress in medical research as eloquently as Mrs. Las­ when they come, will come from people like the financing of health services through vol­ ker did a few nights ago in her interview you. untary health and hospital insurance, and with Ed Murrow on TV. 11154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 17 Politically we are in the stage where we We must provide suitable housing for older Financing is not the only problem. need to experiment with programs for meet­ people. We must make it possible for them Equally important is raising the quality of ing the needs of special groups within our to live out their years fruitfully in a com­ medical care and making it universally avail­ population. We must try to legislate wise­ munity rather than in an institutional able. If social security financing is re­ ly, but this does not mean that we should environment. One of the most promising quired to make health services of high qual­ procrastinate. As the AFL-CIO said not developments in this direction is the provi­ ity available to social security beneficiaries, long ago, paraphrasing the old legal maxim, sion recently written into the Housing Act I will be the first to support it. "Health delayed is health denied." of 1959 by the House Banking and Currency I am perfectly aware that even a bill for There are two groups in our population Committee, under the leadership of Con­ hospital and nursing home insurance will for whom it is possible and necessary in the gressman HAINS, to make available direct low provoke outcries of "socialism," "socialized near future to develop special health pro­ interest Federal loans to non-profit corpora­ medicine," and such. This does not worry grams. tions for housing for elderly people. The me. As I said before, this has been the cry One of these groups consists of those em­ House of Representatives should be con­ that has greeted every significant advance of ployed by the Federal Government. The 2¥2 gratulated for refusing to delete this provi­ this country. I do not believe that this is million Federal employees have been denied sion of the bill and I hope fervently that the view even of the doctors of this country, the benefits of health plans under collective the Senate will accept it and that the Presi­ though it is the cry of some who claim to bargaining, but the Federal Government, dent will forbear to veto it. speak for them. No one knows better than their employer, has the same responsibility We must provide medical and hospital care the doctors the devastating effects of ex­ as private employers for the health of em­ for our older people. pensive hospital and medical care on older ployees. Legislation is now pending before We must see that it is furnished to them people of limited means. I cannot believe Congress to provide health insurance for in a way which will preserve their inde­ that the doctors, who have done so much for these 2¥2 million employees and their fam­ pendence and their self-respect and their medical welfare, wish to pauperize these ilies. Under the leadership of Senator NEu­ peace of mind. These have been also, of most economically defenseless of their BERGER a blll is now taking shape in the course, the objectives of the old age and patients. Senate. I intend to support it. I hope it survivors insurance program. Consequently, No one can forget that our doctors and will permit employees to choose from among it was logical and practicable to turn to the hospitals have given of their services and varipus types of plans, including group prac-. framewor..k and machinery of social security facilities to people who could not afford to tice planF-. as a means of providing the necessary health pay. For- a long time this was the only way The other group whose health needs re­ ·care efficiently, economically, universally, and for poor people to get medical care at all. quire and permit special attention are our ·democratically. But by now we have progressed beyond the older citizens. They deserve special atten­ I do not think we can ever overstate our free ward concept of medical care. tion for a number of reasons. The reasons debt to Congressman FoRAND for the courage Now medical care and hospital care for boil down to this: Older people have low in­ and foresight of his efforts to bring this those on public assistance is a challenge to comes, small liquid assets, and heavy medical sound and workable icl.ea to reality. provide high quality, sensitive, individual­ needs. This alone would demand Of us that .I realize that this is a much disputed sub­ we take special and tender cognizance of ized service equivalent to that we give to ject and I wish to make my position per­ more fortunate patients. them. fectly clear. These public assistance patients, young I believe we should consider the health I am in favor of providing hospital and needs of our older citizens in the context not and old, are a first order of business in the nursing home care as part of the social search for comprehensive health services. only of the Nation's health needs and re­ security system immediately. sources, but in the context of the total needs Here, also, is a challenge to the medical pro­ It will meet a pressing and urgent need. fession to cooperate with Government in of our older citizens and our resources for Costs associated with hospital :..nd nursing meeting them. These basic · needs include working out programs. to meet the need. home care ccount for a very large part of The search for solutions to our medical income adequate to their needs, employment the total expenses of medical care for older opportunities and suitable housing, as w~ll · needs must go on-on all fronts. Young and ·people. By insuring these costs we lift a old, in high, middle, or low income, Ameri­ as health. heavy burden of expense and of fear. Forgive me if I cite briefly some facts cans are entitled to· the best medic'al care In my own State of Minnesota, the largest that science can invent and our economy which are part of your every day's work but . expense in the entire welfare program is for which I think must be in the forefront of can provide, without sacrifice of professional hospital care for the aged. Many of these freedom or individual dignity. our thinking here. people are victims of diseases which keep In these days of medical miracles and The search must go on, in private medi­ them in hospitals for months. Hospital and cine, in group practice, in voluntary insur­ longer life, a man who reaches the age of nursing home benefits under social security 65 has a life expectancy to 79 years; a wo­ would help not only the beneficiaries, but ance, in labor health programs, and in Gov­ man, a life expectancy to 81 years. There ernment. It must go on in the medical are now more than 15 million people in these would relieve local and State governments school, in the laboratory, in the hospital, ·age groups and their number is increasing by of these very heavy burdens, thereby releas­ and in the clinic. It must go on with open about 1 million every 3 years. ing public funds for a positive health eyes and open minds. Let us not get bogged The aim of any program for our older program. down in dogmas or in vested interests of the citizens must be to keep them functioning There is no question that a problem exists. past. The rising costs of medical care and hos­ happily and usefully in the community. I promise you this: As fast as you who What we need is a many-sided program pital care, coupled with the greater medical needs and lower incomes of older people, are in the business of health come up with which insures their productiveness, inde­ solutions that are workable and equitable, pendence and self-reliance and which pre­ have created the problem. But there are some who argue that it is not a problem we who are in the business of Government vents physical and moral decay. will do our best to take the legislative and The No. 1 objective of a sound program is which calls for action by the Federal Govern­ ment. administrative action needed to make them the maintenance of incomes. Three-fifths work. Together we will get it done. of all people 65 and over have money in­ The fact is that no satisfactory voluntary comes from all sources of less than $1,000 hospital plan has yet been brought forward and only one-fifth have more than $2,000. which will give to people over 65 protection Only recently, for the first time, the number they need at costs they can afford to pay. of people receiving social security benefits Period. This is why I have advocated and Mrs. Booth Tarkington exceeded the number of older people receiv­ will continue to advocate hospital insurance ing public assistance. It is here that we for social security beneficiaries as an inte­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS have made the greatest progress through the gral part of oui· social security system. social security system, and it is here that 1 wish to make it plain that when we have OF the direction of future progress is clearest. reached this objective-which we will, and The case for rapid increase in old-age bene­ soon; I hope-we will not be finished, by any HON. JOSEPH W. BARR fits is imperative. means. Important as hospital insurance is, OF INDIANA But there is no magic in the age 65 which there will still be the need for a total health IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES makes it good public policy to force people program for older people. The primary to leave employment while they are still emphasis should be on the prevention of ill­ Wednesday, June 17, 1959 healthy and productive. Full employment ness and the maintenance of health. The Mr. BARR. Mr. Speaker, it is only means jobs for all who are able and willing first objective of a health program for older fitting and proper that on behalf of Mar­ to work. Older workers are among the chief people should be to keep them out of the beneficiaries of a full employment program, hospital and functioning in their homes and ion County, Ind., and the Congress of just because they are especially vulnerable to in the community. the United States, I say "Happy birth­ unemployment in times of job scarcity. The medical profession and those asso­ day" to a great Hoosier lady, Mrs. Booth · Certainly we must do everything possible ciated with it have a special obligation and Tarkington. Mrs. Tarkington is the to prevent discrimination against older a unique opportunity to develop programs widow of our beloved Indiana author, the workers in the labor market. and pen:onnel to meet this total need. late Booth Tarkington. 1959 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD - ·HOUSE 11155 In Indiana we cherish our authors and and I hope the "draw" matched more but was imposed for the purpose of discour­ aging passenger travel during World War II. our poets. We have a genial preoccupa­ personalities and eyes tha~ missed them. to The public accepted the tax as a deteiTent tion with politics and politicians, but long And just keep the record straight I to private travel in order to free transporta.. after the Governors and Senators have am here reproducing a copy of the letter · tion facilities for service in relation to the departed the scene and are forgotten, we which was sent with each tie: war needs of the country. The need for dis­ still read and reread the wond~rful prose CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, couraging private travel has long since of Booth Tarkington. As children most HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, passed, but the tax which was imposed to of us loved "Seventeen," and "Penrod." Washington, D.C. discourage such travel still remains in force. When we grew up, we read and appreci­ DEAR FRIEND: Sunday is Father's Day-as It still operates effectively to discourage ated the Pulitzer prize winners, "The if you didn't already know it. travel and has the effect of weakening the And here again is your Father's Day tie financial structure of our public carriers who Magnificent Ambersons" and "Alice with the compliments of my two dear have proved themselves vital to our national Adams." friends, Sam and Manny Pulitzer, owners of defense. · Booth Tarkington's genius and work Wembley, the world's largest manufacturers We understand this tax adds $2 million were supported by the wonderful lady of neckwear. per year to the transportation costs of the that I am honoring today. All of us owe Since last Father's Day we have run the Nation. It is our opinion that the repeal of her a profound thank you as well as a gamut from vicuna to nepotism, and now the tax would stimulate passenger travel to hearty happy birthday. we are in the throes of finding out whether the extent that the increase in passenger or not retired military officers ever die or revenue would result in profitable operation just fade away on the payroll of some de­ for carriers. Increased profits in turn would fense contractor. Washington wouldn't be result in additional income taxes, substan­ Washington without such goings on and tially offsetting the loss of Government reve­ Father's Day-Wembley Ties Capitol Hill wouldn't be Capitol Hill if nue which would result from repeal of the the Members of Congress, and those who tax. EXTENSION OF REMARKS help them make the news, wouldn't be re­ You are well aware of the importance of membered on Father's Day by the Pulitzer OF the tourist business in the United States. brothers with a Wembley tie. This gesture The 10-percent transportation tax encour­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT is the only competition death and taxes have ages the tourist to go to a foreign country for sureness. in preference to the United States, since t~e OF LOUISIANA Take my word for it that acceptance of tax is not applicable to foreign carriers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this Father's Day tie is not intended to in­ Canada was very quick to realize this and fluence you one damned bit, and there are Wednesday, June 17, 1959 other detrimental aspects of this type of tax, no mental reservations in this statement. and they repealed a tax similar to ours only Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker for the Wembley is not a defense plant, nor a pub­ 3Y2 years after the war, in March 1949. fifth consecutive year a Wembley tie was lic works project. The Pulitzer brothers are not farmers. The plant is not located in a I am sure many other Members have delivered today to the office of each distressed area. As a matter of fact, New received similar letters or resolutions, Member of the Congress, House and Orleans is one of the most progressive areas not only from chambers of commerce but Senate, with the compliments of my in the Nation-"The city care forgot and from a large number of individual trav­ friends and constituents, Samuel and industry remembered." There is no tax­ elers, who, after all, are the ones who Emanuel Pulitzer, as a gift for Father's payer's money involved except when the pay this tax. It is truly a penalty on the Day which is Sunday. thinking taxpayer buys a Wembley tie. So, with a clear conscience, in the name passenger. In addition to the Members of the of the Pulitzers, I again wish you a happy I have further noted that both regula­ Congress there were a goodly number Father's Day with a Wembley tie. tory agencies established by the Con­ distributed on a selected basis among Sincerely, gress to regulate the transportation in­ the press, radio, and television corre­ F. EDWARD HEBERT. dustry, and assure the Nation of a sound spondents. For obvious reasons this dis­ transportation system so essential to its tribution had to be on a limited basis commerce, defense, and general econ­ and confined to those with whom I come omy, have recommended repeal of this in contact for the better part of the ses­ tax. sion. I only wish it could be a hundred Transportation-Tax Repeal percent distribution but it simply could Recently, in a decision of May 18, 1959, not be. EXTENSION OF REMARKS relating to the railroad passenger train OF deficit situation, the ICC made as its first In addition Wembley ties were dis­ recommendation the repeal of the 10 tributed to the many offices and staffs at­ HON. BYRON G. ROGERS percent Federal excise tax on the pas­ tached to the Congress such as the Clerk OF COLORADO senger fares. In its decision the Gam­ of the House, the Doorkeeper, including mission said: all the pages and doorkeepers, reporters, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Without repeating all of the reasons ad­ document room, folding room, and so Wednesday,June17,1959 vanced for the repeal of the transportation forth. Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. tax, we wish to emphasize that it is h av­ In all, there were 1,500 ties distributed Speaker, for many years I have felt ing a serious effect upon the passenger-train with the compliments of the Pulitzer the 10-percent wartime travel tax on service of the railroads. Since .the t ax G:l brothers. Their generosity and thought­ passengers should be repealed. Along passenger travel tends to discourage the pub­ fulness is indeed to be appreciated and with many other Members of this body, lic from using common carriers, it thereby I have already thanked them in the name aggravates the ever-mounting passenger den­ I have this year introduced a bill, H.R. cit. W'ilile we recognize that the repeal of the recipients. The origination of 6874, to achieve this end. No one I would not provide a cure-all for the pas­ the idea of distributing these Wembley know of defends this tax on its merits. senger deficit problem, such action would re­ ties on Father's Day was received with Everyone seems agreed it should go. I, move a serious deterrent to a greater use by such acclaim when first started that the for one, think it should go this year. the traveling public. In strongly urging that Pulitzers decided to make it an annual The reasons why the tax should be the Congress take action to repeal the t ax affair. Old Members have become ac­ outright, we are not unaware of the efforts repealed are pretty well summed up in which various Members of the Congress have customed to the practice and I hope the a recent letter I have received from the new Members will like it. made and are presently making in this re­ president of the Denver Chamber of gard. We are also not unmindful of· the The Wembley plant in New Orleans is Commerce, which I insert in the RECORD revenue needs of the Government. We are, the world's largest manufacturer of at this point: however, convinced that any possible loss of neckties. The Denver Chamber of Commerce re­ revenue would be more than offset by the I hope each individual who received spectfully asks your support of legislation public interest in strengthening and preserv­ one will like it. to repeal the 10-pereent tax on passenger ing a transportation system capable of meet­ I assure everybody that they are travel. We detail some of the reasons that ing adequately the country's need ~or service privileged to swap about if they do not we feel this tax should be repealed. both in peacetime and during emergencies like the one which they received. The At the time of enactment, this tax was n~t in conformity with the national transporta­ ties were distributed on a "blind" basis 'intended to be a revenue-raising measure, tion policy as declared by the Congress. . 111'56 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 17 I understand the Civil Aeronautics These proved enormously successful, and have also received the annual report of Board has similarly said that repeal of today we can look with considerable the Board of Visitors for the Military this tax would have a beneficial effect on pride at West Germany, Great Britain, Academy at West Point. the air transport industry. The chair­ France, Italy, Holland, Belgium, and I believe these reports are of interest man of the CAB in recent testimony be­ Japan. These nations with our help to Members of Congress and to the fore the Senate Appropriations Commit­ have staged an astounding recovery and country generally. I therefore ask tee indicated repeal would "produce a today are probably stronger than at any unanimous consent that the report of substantial increase in traffic" and, to other time in their histories. In fact the Board of Visitors to the Military some degree, "reduce subsidies to local they are so financially strong that it is Academy may be printed in the CoN­ service carriers." high time that they start sharing part GRESSIONAL RECORD. Certainly, the millions of passengers of the crushing load that the U.S. tax­ There being no objection, the report who travel by common carrier buses be­ payer has borne for many years. To was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, tween the 40,000 communities that in­ date the United States has invested as follows: · dustry serves are entitled to this relief. about $82 billion in the Marshall plan U.S. MILITARY ACADEMY, Many of them have no alternative but and our mutual security programs. I West Point, N.Y., April11, 1959. to travel by bus, or by private vehicle. believe that this enormous sum has been Subject: Report of Board of Visitors to the "Driving customers away from the buses, a good investment, but now it is time to U.S. Military Academy, 1959. or any other common carriers, as this call in our partners in the free world to To: The President of the United States. tax most surely does, can only result in say, "How about a hand?" 1. APPOINTMENT OF THE BOARD those transportation companies facing In 1946 the Congress wisely estab­ The Board of Visitors to the U.S. Military serious economic problems-and, by no lished through the Bretton Woods Academy was appointed in accordance with means unimportant, in their paying a Agreement the International Monetary the provisions of section 4355 of title 10, lesser amount of corporate income taxes Fund and the World Bank. The Mone­ United States Code. Pertinent extracts from tary Fund is designed to help nations the code are appended to this report and are and other taxes than otherwise would be marked "Exhibit A." the case. through short-term financial difficulties. I am satisfied that the net loss in rev­ The World Bank is designed to help free 2. PERSONNEL OF THE BOARD enue to the Federal Treasury would not nations develop their resources through The membership of the Board as consti­ long-term loans. In these institutions tuted for the year 1959 was as follows: be great and would moreover be offset Senators: PRESCOTT BusH, Connecticut, in large measure by additional revenue the United States has joined with 67 other free nations in a great inter­ representing RICHARD B. RUSSELL, Georgia, from other taxes. chairman of the Committee on Armed Serv­ I fully appreciate the heavy burden national pool of cash and know-how. ices; STYLES BRIDGES, New Hampshire; KEN­ carried by the Ways and Means Commit­ These institutions have been operating NETH W. KEATING, New York; GALE W. Mc­ tee of the House, and particularly by its now for 13 years with an outstanding GEE, Wyoming. distinguished chairman, WILBUR MILLS. record of success in helping the free na­ Representatives: SAMUELS. STRATTON, New They have done a splendid job of exer­ tions of the world get on with their York, representing CARL VINSON, Georgia, cising fiscal responsibility, holding the economic problems of development, chairman of the Committee on Armed Serv­ line on tax reductions while Government trade, and growth. ices; LOUIS C. RABAUT, Michigan; OLIN E. My first legislative job in this Congress TEAGUE, Texas; STUYVESANT WAINWRIGHT, expenditures remain, of necessity, at a New York; MELVIN R. LAIRD, Wisconsin. high level. I am further gratified to note was to defend on the floor of this House the legislation designed to increase the Presidential appointees: Dr. William V. that the chairman of that committee Houston, president, the Rice Institute, Hous­ plans to undertake a broad study of the capitalization of the Monetary Fund ton, Tex.; Gen. Anthony C. McAuliffe, Amer­ Federal tax structure later this year. I from $9 billion to $14 billion and to in­ ican Cyanamid Co., New York, N.Y.; Dr. am sure it will result in removing many crease the capitalization of the World Frank H. Bowles, College Entrance Examina­ present inequities, closing loopholes, and Banlt from $10 billion to $20 billion. Our tion Board, New York, N.Y.; Dr. Ivan C. otherwise bringing the tax structure into share of this increase amounted to Crawford, consulting engineer, Boulder, $4,700 million. In the next few weeks I Colo.; Dr. Harlan Hatcher, president, Uni­ a better balance. hope to support in this Congress the versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Dr. creation of an Inter-American Bank in Clark Kerr, president, University of Cali­ which we will have an investment of fornia, Berkeley, Calif. Col. Charles J. Barrett, professor of for­ Mutual Security: An Outdated another $40.0 million. So in this session eign languages, U.S. Military Academy, was of Congress I will have actively sup­ appointed Executive Secretary for the Board Program ported $5 billion in funds designed to by the Superintendent, U.S. Military Acad­ meet our financial responsibility to the emy. EXTENSION OF REMARKS world. 3. PRELIMINARY DATA OF This is where I stop. I will vote to After considering the wishes of the pick up our share of the chips in any members of the Board of Visitors for 1958 HON. JOSEPH W. BARR joint movement with the rest of the free and the 1959 academic calendar of the Mili­ OF INDIANA world. I will not vote to saddle this Na­ tary Academy, the Superintendent notified IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion with a perpetual obligation to de­ all members whose terms extended into 1959 that April 9:...12 had been selected as the VVednesday,June17, 1959 velop and to protect the world single­ dates of the visit. Announcement of those handedly. dates was transmitted to all new members Mr. BARR. Mr. Speaker, the voters as notification of their appointment was re­ of Marion County, Ind., did not send me ceived. to Congress with instructions to ignore Report of Board of Visitors to U.S. The Superintendent likewise caused to be the financial responsibility of the United distributed to all members of the Board cer­ States to the rest of the world. In that Military Academy tain reports and informational material, and part of Indiana we have an acute aware­ a suggested program for the visit. A list of the data furnished is appended and ness of international problems. We EXTENSION OF REMARKS marked "Exhibit B." should have-we make about 10 percent OF of our money from world trade. But, on 4. CONVENING OF THE BOARD the other hand, my voters certainly did HON. RICHARD B. RUSSELL The members of the Board assembled dur­ OF GEORGIA ing the afternoon and evening of April 9, not send me to Washington to squander 19,59, but undertook no formal action until their tax dollars on a program that is IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 8 :SO a.m. on April 10. Present at that time outdated-that no longer is designed to VVednesday, June 17, 1959 were Mr. Stratton, Mr. Rabaut, Mr. Teague, meet world problems. Mr. Wainwright, Mr. Laird, Dr. Houston, Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, yester­ General McAuliffe, Dr. Bowles, and Dr. Craw­ After World War II the United States day I placed in the CONGRESSIONAL REC­ ford. launched the Marshall plan and then ORD the report of the Board of Visit­ The Board elected General McAuliffe as started our mutual security program. ors of the Naval Academy for 1959. I chairman for the 1959 annual visit. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 11157 Senators BamGES and KEATING were de­ to observe instruction. The participation of housing at West Point will be requirea to tained in Washington by pressure of con­ the cadets themselves in the conference type provide minimal accommodations, and that gressional business until the morning of of classroom session must be heartwarming the human needs of the officers and enlisted April 11, when they joined the other mem­ to an instructor, but it is recognized too that men concerned make the provision of addi­ bers at West Point. at least a part of that participation is tional housing essential. It is regretted that the appointment of sparked by the instructor's own interest, en.:. (3) Library: Next in . order of the super­ Dr. Hatcher and Dr. Kerr to the Board was thusiasm, and preparation. The quality and intendent's priority for West Point is im­ so late as to make it impossible for them to training of the instructors compare favor.:. proved and expanded library space. The participate in the visit. ably with those of the instructors in our present building was constructed primarily Congressional business caused the depar­ good civilian colleges. The fourth class may as an observatory. On two occasions since ture of Mr. TEAGUE at 9 p.m. on April 10, be said to have an advantage over freshman it became a library it has received additional and a prior engagement required Dr. Hous­ classes in many colleges because all of the space, once by expansion into one of the ton to depart at 7 a.m. on April 11. The former's instructors have been trained and academic buildings and later by construc­ remainder of the Board departed following prepared for the assignment, whereas the tion of a new wing. Whereas a rule of thumb the final meeting of the Board, which ended graduate assistants to be found in many for college libraries would provide seats for at 1:45 p.m. on April 11. schools are nonexistent at West Point. one-quarter of the student body, the seating (2} Military: No actual tactical instruc­ 5. PROCEDURE capacity at West Point wlll accommodate tion was observed. The Commandant of Ca­ less than one-tenth. Many books of gen­ The detailed program followed by the dets outlined the military training program Board in its visit is appended and marked eral interest are necessarily kept in refer­ to the Board. To judge from the film on ence rooms of departments of instruction, "Exhibit C." -The mornings of April 10 and summer training activities, the means for 11 and the afternoon of April 10 were de­ available but not readily accessible, anq. military instruction are on hand. No defi­ sometimes inaccessible during library hours. voted to inspections, observation, and con­ ciencies were observed or reported. ferences. On the evening of arrival the Growing emphasis is being placed at West Board viewed a film made of the summer (e) Physical equipment Point on the use of multiple texts, especially activities of the Third Class, U.S. Corps of (1) Cadet barracks: The Board visited a in the humanities. Individual research, a Cadets, at Camp Buckner, a type of training former academic building which is now being balancing of opinion, the drawing of indi­ which the Board has not heretofore seen converted into cadet barracks. Problems in vidual conclusions-such are some of the because of the time of year at which that adapting fenestration of former classrooms requirements of modern education, and they training is conducted. In several instances to the smaller rooms occupied by cadets as cannot be accomplished without the use of dn April 10 and 11 the Board was divided living quarters are being satisfactorily over­ a library. into groups so that simultaneous observa­ come. The interior, as converted, will pre­ The anticipated introduction of elective tion in different fields was possible. Special sent in its generally horizontal plan an ap­ courses will again expand the use of the conferences and interviews were arranged pearance quite different from the vertical de­ library. Some of the electives under con­ for members of the Board who wished in­ velopment of the divisions of other cadet sideration will be of the seminar type for formation on matters not covered by the barracks. No significant problems of admin­ which no one textbook or group of textbooks program of the Board as a whole. istration should, however, result from this will be sufficient. And the very fact that a difference. The barracks should be ready for 6. COMMENTS cadet is studying a subject of his own choos­ occupancy prior to organization of the Corps ing will doubtless lead to more background (a) Morale of Cadets for the academic year 1959-60. reading by the student. It is not impossible Formulation of a definitive judgment in But even with this conversion, several that the lack of adequate library facilities this matter · during the brief stay of the hundred cadets will continue to live three in could jeopardize the academic standing of Board at West Point is obviously impossible, a room designed for two. A plan drawn for the U.S. Military Academy. but in the cadets, officers, and enlisted men the erection of an additional barracks on a The superintendent has considered the with whom the members came into contact site between existing barracks and the hos­ solicitation of contributions from individuals there was no indication of lack of morale. pital was presented by the S-y.perintendent, or foundations for the construction of a (b) Discipline who considers the need for additional space new library at West Point. While such per­ most pressing. The new construction ap­ sons or foundations could rightfully be The Board saw rio evidence of ·lack of pears feasible and would permit the Corps discipline and believes that a satisfactory proud of their part in the intellectual de­ of Cadets as presently constituted to be velopment of the cadet, it seems highl·· un­ standard is being maintained. It would housed two to a room, the optimum condi­ like, however, to inform ·itself better con­ desirable to leave room for questioning the tion for community living, for study, and for Government's concern for an important as­ cerning the disciplinary procedures incident the maintenance of the numerous articles to the training of new cadets during the of cadet uniform. ' pect of education. The Board believes that summer months, and indicated its desire to (2) Housing for Officers and Enlisted Men: prompt action should be taken to provide see at firsthand the conduct of that A housing shortage exists in the area sur­ an adequate, modern library for West Point, training. rounding West Point, which makes it ex­ a suitable companion-piece for the remainder (c) Curriculum tremely difficult to find a place to live for of the academic plant. Under the direction of the Superintendent the overflow of officers and enlisted men at ( 4) Recreational facilities: The Board a lengthy and detailed study of the curricu­ West Point. At the present time approxi­ notes with approval the continuing concern lum is being made, and is now approaching mately 100 officers and more than 250 enlisted of the Military Academy for the provision its final stages. Four members of this Board men entitled to quarters must seek homes in of suitable recreational facilities for cadets have been closely associated with the study surrounding communities. The quality of during their off-duty hours. Individual since December 1958. Changes in the cur­ housing available is low and much of it is riculum are doubtless imminent and the members have noted the increase in such at such distance from West Point as to facilities at West Point in the past year or Board believes that the critical evaluation place undue hardship on those whose duties made by the Military Academy itself will the past 2 years. All hope for continued at West Point begin at 7:30 or even earlier fruitful effort in this field. result in a curriculum appropriate to the in the morning. An additional factor is future needs of the graduates and of the the nearness of Stewart Air Force Base, whose A plan for a cadet activities building was military service. officers and men are faced with the same presented to the Board. The proposed build­ It appears that elective courses may re­ problem and whose area of search for hous­ ing would support all the activities of the place parts of the now fully prescribed cur­ ing overlaps that of West Point personnel. cadets and its construction is very desirable, riculum. Because the teaching of the pure The Military Academy has prepared plans but the estimated cost is so great as to in­ and applied sciences at the Military Acad­ for the construction of additional housing dicate considerable delay in obtaining the emy is a responsibility divided among so at West Point. Members of the Board viewed necessary funds. The Board hopes that many departments, it is hoped that those potential construction areas and were im­ departments will work together in the for­ ways may be found to proceed with such mulation of a program which will be pressed with the engineering obstacles to be a building. planned as a sequence in terms of breadth found everywhere. Since level terrain is (f) Fiscal affairs and depth of coverage, and will be supported scarce and is required generally for training No serious deficiencies were reported to by suitable electives. The Board notes that purposes, places which are suitable :for hous­ the Board, and no major problems of opera­ ing construction are limited. Because util­ nearby universities, research institutes, and tion are known to exist. ities must be extended to any new area, scientific schools form one of the world's (g) Religious activities greatest reservoirs of scientific talent, both and because the underlying rock formation makes site clearing and all construction es­ for specialized instruction and for advice on The Board visited the cadet chapel and program planning. · pecially expensive, costs cannot be held the Catholic chapel, and it was also in­ within the limitations set for Capehart hous­ formed of the provision oi services for (d) Instruction ing, without reducing to a ridiculous figure cadets of the Jewish . faith. The Catholic ( 1) Academic: The Board in small groups the size of the houses provided. The Board chapel is currently being almost doubled or as individuals visited classes in session concludes that direct appropriations for in size, by the use of private funds. All 11158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 17 cadets are given opportunity · to attend re­ year should still have the opportunity to mission procedures to permit Members of ligious services during the week, in addi­ nominate alternates who would thus be able Congress to nominate alternates in a year tion to the compulsory attendance on Sun­ to compete on the national level for one of when no vacancy in the Congressional dis~ day. Cadet participation in the choirs, in the additional appointments now authorized trict (state in case of a Senator) is available. Sunday school teaching, and in religious by law. This procedure would lend support discussion groups, indicates that there is a to the Superintendent's search for quality 8. CONCLUSION healthy spirit of service and of interest in the entering class of cadets by broadening It is our belief that the Military Academy, among them. the base from which to select those who under the leadership of its Superintendent, Catholic and Jewish chaplains are pro­ are to receive the additional appointments Lieutenant General Davidson, is progressing vided by the agencies of those two faiths. to be made. in tune with the times and the expanding needs of its graduates. The staff and faculty The cadet chaplain is selected from the (j) Internal procedures of Board of Visitors Protestant faith and is appointed by the appear to be dedicated to the important task .President. He is assisted by another chap­ The Board takes this means to suggest in which they are participating. The cadets lain paid from private funds. But the stat­ to subsequent Boards of Visitors certain take pride in themselves; they give every utory limitation on the pay of the cadet items of procedure that seem desirable. evidence of loyalty, of enthusiasm, of de­ chaplain makes it ever more difficult to ob­ They are placed herein because they will votion to high standards of honor and duty. tain the services of a clergyman with the thus be recorded in a form which will come The mission of the Military Academy has qualities so necessary to inspire and guide to the attention of Boards appointed in the been entrusted to capable and willing hands moral and spiritual development among the future. and is being faithfully accomplished. cadets. Several ministers approached have (1) For a majority of the Board an an­ Anthony C. McAuliffe, General, U.S. indicated their willingness to accept some nual visit in April seems to be best. Recent Army, retired, American Cyanamid reduction in income in order to undertake experimentation with changing dates for Co.; SamuelS. Stratton, U.S. House of this important task, but not a reduction to the visit has not accomplished the desired Representatives; Louis c. Rabaut, the $5,600 per annum now paid to the effect. U.S. House of Representatives; Olin cadet chaplain. (2) More contact between the Board of E. Teague, U.S. House of Representa­ The Board believes that few things are Visitors and the United States Military tives; Stuyvesant Wainwright, U.S. more important than a lively and strong Academy in the period between annual visits House of Representatives; Melvin R. faith, and that a few thousand dollars per is desirable. Laird, U.S. House of Representatives; year should not be permitted to stand in (3) Assignment of special spheres of in­ Styles Bridges, U.S. Senate; Kenneth the way of procuring vigorous and able lead­ terest to groups of Board members for study B. Keating, U.S. Senate; William V. ership in this field for the cadets. It is during the annual visit should permit Houston, President, the Rice Insti­ reported that proposals to increase the pay greater depth and breadth of coverage of tute; Frank H. Bowles, President, Col­ of the cadet chaplain and to provide him the activities of the Military Academy. A lege Entrance Examination "Board; with an assistant chaplain are being sub­ program for the whole Board as a group is Ivan c. Crawford, Consulting Engi­ mitted to Congress. It is hoped that they deficient in this respect. neer. will meet with favorable action by the Gov­ In extension of the suggestions in sub­ ernment. paragraph 6b and in subparagraph 6j (2) above, the present Board is considering a (h) Strength of corps of cadets visit by part of the group to West Point The Army expects to receive approximately during the summer, to observe the summer Higher Postal Rates 1,200 new officers each year and would like training of cadets at West Point and to en­ to have about half of them come from the gage in free and extended discussion with service academies. To date it has not been cadets to ascertain their feelings with re­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS possible, except in isolated years, to attain spect to the Military Academy, its aims, and OF the figure 600 from the academies. Part of its accomplishments. the problem here lies in the fact that the 7. RECOMMENDATIONS HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT authorized strength of the corps of cadets OF LOUISIANA is set for the date of admission of a new class. (a) Curriculum Because attrition immediately sets in, and That the heads of departments which in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES because admission occurs only once a year, struct in pure and applied sciences at the ~ednesday,June17,1959 the corps of cadets is below authorized United States Military Academy consult with strength for almost the whole of every year. qualified scientists in the formulation of an Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, some­ The Board of Visitors was informed that integrated science program at West Point time ago I had some remarks to make proposals are to be made to Congress by the and in the establishment of suitable elec­ tive courses for its support. about the proposed raise in postal rates. Department of Defense to overcome the My remarks drew a letter from the effects of this understrength period. (b) Cadet barracks It would appear that all requirements for assistant postmaster general which, in housing, etc., should be based only on the That construction of an additional bar­ turn, caused me to reply to him. authorized strength of the corps of cadets. racks on a site adjoining the present cadet I think the exchange of correspond­ But the facilities for feeding the cadets and housing area be undertaken, so that each ence speaks for itself: the hospital to support them are already cadet may have a suitable amount of space for normal living. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, available. Personnel requirements for in­ BUREAU OF FINANCE, (c) Housing for officers and enlisted men structors need not change unless there is a Washington, D.O., June 1, 1959. great change in the size of the corps. Thus, That the 156 sets of family housing for Hon. F. EDWARD HEBERT, with the acceptance during the first few which preliminary plans have been drawn House of Representatives, months of each academic year of some addi­ be constructed and that funds therefor be Washington, D.O. tional crowding in barracks, with which all sought as a direct appropriation rather than DEAR CONGRESSMAN HEBERT: Your state­ recent classes of cadets are familiar, a larger under the Capehart plan, because the limi­ number of cadets could be trained at no ment on postal rates and public service tations under that plan are too low for this COStS, reported in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD additional expense to the Government other high-cost area. than the pay and subsistence of the addi­ of May 14, 1959, has been called to my tional cadets. (d) Library attention. The Board of Visitors is sure that these That steps be taken at once to construct a You expressed in your statement the view factors Will be weighed when the anticipated new library, with suitable provision of space that the postal rate adjustments recently proposals are offered. therein for increased use of the library. proposed by the Postmaster General are in Greater facilities are necessary for a modern, conflict with the public service reimburse­ (i) Designation of additional alternates ·expanding curriculum. ment provisions of Public Law 85-426. I am. Under present conditions a Member of (e) Chaplain, U.S. Military Academy taking the liberty of calling to your attention Congress may find that, through no fault that this part of your statement is appar­ of his own, cadets appointed by him have That the chaplain be provided with an ently based upon a misconception which I become concentrated in certain classes. If assistant chaplain to minister to the u.s. am sure you would wish to have invited to two or more are members of the same class, Corps of Cadets, and that the pay and allow­ your attention. no appointment can be made in at least one ances of both be set at figures which will The rate proposals of the Postmaster year out of four. Yet good prospects present make it possible to secure vigorous and un­ General will produce additional revenues in themselves every year and, forced by lack derstanding young leaders for both impor­ tant posts. the amount of about $350 million. This of vacancies to enroll in other colleges, are compares with a minimum anticipated defi­ frequently lost to the military service for (!) Nomination of alternates when no cit of more than $522 million in fiscal 1960. which they had once had a strong preference. vacancy exists Thus it is apparent that even if the maxi­ The Board feels that Members of Con­ That the Department of the Army investi­ mum amount of public service reimburse­ gress who have no vacancy to fill in a given gate the possibility of changing present ad- ment estimated in the President's budget- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 11159 $172 million-is made in the appropriations the cost of the Department's "public serv­ the banks of America, who sell Govern­ act now under consideration there still will ices" out of the general fund of the Treas­ ment bonds, last year and this year, and be sufficient loss to warrant the rate increases ury, because, according to the House Appro­ probably for some time to come, are com­ proposed by the Postmaster General. priations Committee, "the concept of pay­ pletely avoiding the payment of income The Senate Committee on Appropriations, ment for public services under the Postal in its recent report on the Post Office De­ Policy Act of 1958 is a device which invites taxes to the Federal Government-and partment's appropriation bill for fiscal 1960, flagrant abuse in the form of hidden sub­ are not only avoiding the taxes, but are estimated the total public service costs at sidies." making a tidy profit in addition thereto, $37.4 million. Should this view be endorsed Although the Senate Appropriations Com­ over and above profits made by those by both Houses, the need for postal rate in­ mittee gave some effect to the Postal Policy banks which pay their taxes and hold the creases over and above the amount of reim­ Act, by amending the House version to ap­ 2%-percent bonds. I pointed out that bursement for public service costs would be propriate funds to finance the subsidized the interest rate increase of about 2 per­ even greater. services of the Department, I am impelled to cent on the national debt came about For many years prior to World War II first­ point out that the Senate approved its Ap­ class revenues were maintained at an average propriations Committee's estimate of the because the Federal Reserve System and annual level of 40 percent above allocated total cost of the Department's public serv­ the Federal Reserve bank went on strike costs. At present such mail is only 12 per­ ices, over the strong protest of its Post Of­ against the United States and refused to cent above cost. The proposed rate adjust­ fice Committee. support the bond market of the country. ments submitted by the Postmaster General Senator JoHNSTON of South Carolina, the This forced the U.S. Treasury to increase would raise the cost coverage of first-class chairman of the Post Office Committee, the interest rate on bonds in order to mail, the Department's prime service, to the favors a further study of the cost of the pub­ secure buyers. The high interest rate in­ level previously maintained by the Congress. lic services to give a realistic appraisal of crease on current bonds brought down I trust the information provided above will such costs. the value of bonds so that Government place this problem in better perspective and He has pointed out that a base congres­ eliminate any possible misunderstanding sional action on such an unrealistically small bonds with 10 years before maturity are which may have arisen in regard to the need public service cost figure as $37.4 million, worth only $82 on the hundred. This for postal rate increases apart from the ques­ would nullify the Postal Policy Act of 1958, a:tfects widows, orphans, trust funds, and tion of reimbursement for public service which calls for all mail users to pay the cost institutions who invested their money in costs. of service they receive, after public service Government securities so that they would Sincerely yours, costs of the Department have been itemized have a stable investment which could be HYDE GILLETTE, and removed from postal costs for rate-mak­ cashed in at full value in time of need. Assistant Postmaster General. ing purposes. Senator CARLSON, of Kansas, ranking mi­ I further pointed out that the in­ creased interest on the public debt be­ JUNE 11, 1959. nority member of the Senate Post Office Com­ Han. HYDE GILLETTE, mittee, agrees that "the $37.4 million figure cause of this 2-percent increase in in­ Assistant Postmaster Gene?"al, is but a fraction of the cost of public service terest is close to $6 billion a year, and Post Office Department, performed by the postal establishment." these are inflationary dollars, because the Bureau of Finance, Washington, D.C. It is quite obvious that some definitive, public gets nothing more for them than DEAR MR. GILLETTE: This will acknowledge sound method for computing the cost of the they received previously. It also in­ receipt of your letter of June 1, in reply to my Department's "public services," as well as creases the taxes that the citizens of this recent statement (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the realistic cost of handling the various non­ country must pay. May 14, 1959, p. 8224), respecting the re­ privileged classes of mail, must be adopted, quest of the Postmaster General that the if we are to give full effect to the Postal I rise now, Mr. Speaker, to point out House consider a bill to increase postal rates Policy Act of 1958. that the $6 billion which the holders of on first-class mail. The present method of taxing one class of the bonds receive, in additional interest The proposed bill has not been introduced mail users, without relation to the cost of from the public Treasury will be further in the House, but has been introduced in services rendered-of which the proposed bill increased if this Congress adopts the the Senate ·as S. 1923. to increase first-class mail rates, and the President's proposal of removing the in­ Your letter confirins my understanding, present tax on the advertising content of terest limit. For each one point of in­ that the bill to increase first-class postal rates second-class publications are two prime ex­ terest that the Treasury adds to its is designed to tax one class of mail-users, to amples-clearly conflicts with the Postal Policy Act of 1958. bonds, the people of the Nation will be "produce additional revenues in the amount forced to pay out annually during the of about $350 million," in order to reduce "a The introduction of S. 1923 to increase minimum anticipated deficit of more than first-class postal rates, couples with the un­ life of those bonds 3 billion inflationary $522 million in fiscal1960." realistic appraisal of the cost of public serv­ dollars, in addition to those already being You further state that the "proposed rate ices performed by the Post Office Department, paid. I point out, Mr. Speaker, that this adjustments submitted by the Postmaster in the bill to appropriate funds for postal is but a small part of the huge increase General (now incorporated inS. 1923) would operations, will have no less effect than to which the banks within the fold of the raise the cost coverage of first-class mail, the scuttle the Postal Policy Act of 1958, despite Federal Reserve System gained from Department's prime service" to "40 percent the fact that this statute has not been re­ their strike against the people of above allocated costs." pudiated expressly. Sincerely yours, America. The increase in interest on As I understand your letter, it is the posi­ the public debt forced up the interest tion of the Post Office Department that the F. EDWARD HEBERT. revenues obtained from first-class mail, in ex­ rate on all private, business and mu­ cess of the cost of handling that class, should nicipal debts of this Nation by a cor­ be applied to the cost of handling other responding 2 percent. This means that classes of mail at reduced rates, and to offset Administration Hands Banks 15 Billion the banks are extracting from our losses incurred in performing "public serv­ citizens individually, from the munici­ ice." "Free" Dollars-S. 1120, Vault Cash palities for bond issues which are paid In other words, the users of first-class mail Bill by the individual citizens in the form of would be required to help pay for the cost of taxes-and from business institutions­ handling other classes of mail, which are presently being handled at a loss, despite the EXTENSION OF REMARKS an additional interest that probably runs fact that it is the declared policy of the Con­ OF ten times what the increase in interest gress that each nonprivileged class should on the national debt runs. This in­ pay its own way. HON. GERALD T. FLYNN creased interest at even 4¥.4 percent is You maintain that the anticipated deficit OF WISCONSIN a fantastic instrument in the reve­ of the Department, which the users of first­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nue it produces for the banking frater­ class mail are bing called on to underwrite, is nity and also the fact that it completely far in excess of the cost of financing the ~ednesday,June17,1959 releases banks, through the devices Department's "public services," estimated by Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker, last week above mentioned, from paying any Fed­ the Senate Committee on Appropriations in its recent report on H.R. 5805, at $37.4 mil­ I joined the ever-growing number of eral income taxes to the Government for lion. Congressmen who are expressing their a several-year period. H.R. 5805, a bill to appropriate almost $4 deep concern about, and strong opposi­ I want to point out, Mr. Speaker, that billion for Post Office Department operations tion to, bill S. 1120, commonly known the banks last year secured from this in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1959, did as the vault cash bill. In my talk of Congress $10% billion and were per­ not, originally, provide for the financing of June 5, I set out a chart showing how mitted and did, for the most part, 11160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 17, 1959 under Federal Reserve Bank rules issue extent than ever before in the history-of This money issued on the credit of ·the approximately 7 dollars for each dollar this country. This country will not be United States is then turned back to the received. These were inflationary dol­ through with the giveaway to the banks U.S. Treasury in return for 25-year 5- lars. They were printing press dollars even after the Federal Reserve System percent · Treasury bonds-bonds, Mr. backed by the credit of the United pays out this $15 billion, for the possibil­ Speaker, which require the people of States. This year, under the vault cash ity exists, which may well become a fact, America to pay annually to the banks as bill, with the Federal Reserve Bank hav­ that this country will be forced to con­ interest thereon a sum in excess of $5 ing only about $25 billion of U.S. bonds tinue for the next 25 years to pay these billion. This means that over a 25-year and other securities, the member banks same banks the added sum of $5 billion period, which will be the life of the are asking that the Congress make it per year. bonds, this country will have paid to the possible for the Federal Reserve Bank Here is the way it will work. This banking fraternity of this Nation the to give the member banks without con­ Government will refinance about half of total sum of $140 billion. All of this sideration and free of tax, either income its public debt by 1962. The Treasury money will have been paid to the banks or gift tax, $15 billion worth of these and the President are asking for the in­ without the banks having invested 1 cent securities. This, they are asking, from terest ceiling to be removed so that debt of their own money. All of the money a Government that is more deeply in can be refinanced on a long-term basis. involved will be money that was origi­ debt than at any time in history-from There is no interest ceiling on short­ nally owned by the United states­ a Government which is unable to bal­ .term financing which includes Govern­ money which was given to the banks and ance its budget and from a Government ment obligations maturing within 5 on which they collected interest. which is currently being asked to in­ years. The Treasury Department must, Mr. Speaker, if the Federal Reserve crease its debt limit by $12 billion. therefore, plan on engaging in long-term Bank canceled this $15 billion in bonds Mr. Speaker, the two-time honored financing over about 25 years which will at the present time and if the Congress methods of controlling infletion are place the interest burden on our children would pass a bill which I introduced in either by the Federal Reserve bank in­ as well as ourselves. The banks, upon the House requiring the Government to creasing the interest rate or by increas­ receiving the $15 billion, will print $7 for retire the public debt at the rate of 2 ing the reserve of member banks. The every $1 received and will end up with percent a year, which at 2 percent a year Federal Reserve bank recently increased $105 billion. They can use the money to would be approximately the same the interest rate and now proposes in­ buy $105 billion worth of the new long­ amount per year that this Government stead of increasing the required re­ term bonds that the Treasury will issue will pay in interest on the money above serves of the banks to give the banks in refinancing the public debt on a long­ mentioned-in 25 years, the Government 15 billion inflationary dollars. These term basis. If we remove the interest will have reduced its debt to approxi­ will feed inflation. ceiling, these will undoubtedly be 5 per­ mately one-half of what it is today. Let me call your attention to what will cent bonds and the interest on them will Mr. Speaker, I point out that the happen. Each bank will have the right exceed $5 billion per year until maturity member banks of the Federal Reserve to issue $700 for each $100 it receives which will probably be 25 years. This System who have failed to support the and in total, will thus issue $105 billion means, Mr. Speaker, that we start out by bond market of the United States are in worth of new money. This will be in giving the banks $15 billion without con­ no way entitled to a $15 billion giveaway addition to the new money issued last sideration or even any tax. The banks from the U.S. Treasury, and that to give year. This will be $105 billion worth of use this money, plus the credit of the the banks this money will be a crime inflation. So that instead of the Fed­ United States to print paper money against every citizen, every business eral Reserve Bank controlling inflation bearing the seal and name of the United institution and every municipality pay­ it will be feeding inflation to a greater States, to the extent of $105 billion. ing taxes to the U.S. Government.