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Feasting in Florida Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2017 Feasting in Florida: Evidence of Swift rC eek Ceremonial Feasting and Multi-Group Interactions at Byrd Hammock South (8WA30), Wakulla County, FL Joseph Michael O'Keefe Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation O'Keefe, Joseph Michael, "Feasting in Florida: Evidence of Swift rC eek Ceremonial Feasting and Multi-Group Interactions at Byrd Hammock South (8WA30), Wakulla County, FL" (2017). LSU Master's Theses. 4513. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4513 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FEASTING IN FLORIDA: EVIDENCE OF SWIFT CREEK CEREMONIAL FEASTING AND MULTI-GROUP INTERACTIONS AT BYRD HAMMOCK SOUTH (8WA30), WAKULLA COUNTY, FL A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Anthropology in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Joseph O’Keefe B.S., Colorado State University August 2017 Table of Contents Acknowledgements...………………………………………….……………………………..….. ix Abstract.…………………………………………………...……………………………….….…. x Chapter 1 – Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 – Theory: Feasting, Ceramics, Objects and Identity ...................................................... 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 6 2.1. Feasting .................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. Transegalitarian Societies ........................................................................................ 8 2.2. Hopewell Interaction Sphere.................................................................................... 9 2.3. Social, Political, and Cultural Implications of Feasting ........................................ 11 2.3.1. Defining Feasting ................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Communal vs. Competitive ................................................................................... 13 2.3.3. Example of a Multi-Faceted Feasting Event .......................................................... 16 2.3.4. Cultural, Social, and Political Implications of Debt and Indebtedness .................. 19 2.3.5. Food and Memory .................................................................................................. 20 2.3.6. Synesthesia ............................................................................................................. 22 2.4. Ceramics ................................................................................................................ 24 2.4.1. Ceramics for Feasting: Size, Shape, and Shine...................................................... 24 2.4.2. Vessel Size and Shape ........................................................................................... 24 2.4.3 Style Theory ........................................................................................................... 26 2.4.4. Style and Components of Ceramic Design ............................................................ 27 2.4.5. Finishing Techniques ............................................................................................. 29 2.4.6. Domestic vs. Ceremonial ....................................................................................... 30 2.5. Objects and Identity ............................................................................................... 32 2.6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 33 Chapter 3 – Geography, Resources, and Culture of the Florida Panhandle Swift Creek ............. 34 3.1. Geographic Location ............................................................................................... 34 3.2. Seasonal Changes.................................................................................................... 36 3.3. Byrd Hammock Site: Characteristics and Cultural Habitation ............................... 36 3.4. The Swift Creek People .......................................................................................... 39 3.4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 39 3.4.2. Subsistence and Settlement ..................................................................................... 40 3.4.3. Fresh- and Salt-Water Access ................................................................................. 40 3.4.4. Fauna ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.4.5. Middens and Mounds .............................................................................................. 43 3.5. Regional Variations of Hopewell Ideologies .......................................................... 45 3.6. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 45 ii Chapter 4 – Research at Byrd Hammock: Methods of Data Collection ....................................... 47 4.1. 1918 – Present ......................................................................................................... 47 4.2. 2015 Archaeological Field Methods and Data Collecting ...................................... 50 4.2.1. Excavations ............................................................................................................. 50 4.3. Ceramic Analysis .................................................................................................... 52 4.3.1. Identifying Vessel Anatomy and Exterior Design Using Ceramic Sherds ............. 52 4.3.2. Design Analysis ...................................................................................................... 54 4.4. Faunal Analysis ....................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 5 – Description and Site Report of Excavated Levels of Feature 1 ................................ 61 5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 61 5.2. Feature 1: Artifacts and Dimensions....................................................................... 63 5.3. Feature 1: Units 3 (N 1841, E 1062) and Unit 4 (N 1840, E 1062) ........................ 64 5.3.1. Level 1: 0 – 10 cm below surface ........................................................................... 65 5.3.2. Level 2: 10 – 20 cm below surface ......................................................................... 65 5.3.3. Level 3: 20 – 30 cm below surface ......................................................................... 65 5.3.4. 30 – 35 cm below surface and 35 – 40 cm below surface ...................................... 65 5.3.5. Level 5: 40 – 50 cm below surface ......................................................................... 70 5.3.6. Level 6: 50 – 60 cm below surface ......................................................................... 72 5.3.7. Level 7: 60 – 70 cm below surface ......................................................................... 74 5.3.8. Level 8: 70 – 80 cm below surface ......................................................................... 76 5.3.9. Level 9: 80 – 90 cm below surface ......................................................................... 78 5.3.10. Level 10: 90 – 100 cm below surface ..................................................................... 81 5.3.11. Level 11: 100 – 110 cm below surface ................................................................... 83 5.3.12. Level 12: 110 – 12 cm below surface ..................................................................... 85 5.3.13. Level 13: 120 – 166 cm below surface ................................................................... 87 5.4. Profile Maps ............................................................................................................ 87 5.5. Summary ................................................................................................................. 88 Chapter 6 – Results and Artifact Analysis of Feature 1 ................................................................ 94 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 94 6.1. Ceramics ................................................................................................................. 94 6.1.2. Surface Decoration.................................................................................................. 95 6.1.3. Exterior/Interior Finishing Techniques ................................................................... 97 6.1.4. Inclusions, Presence
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