Art Song Composers of Spain: an Encyclopedia

Home , Amadeu Vives i Roig, Art song, Fernando Sor

An Encyclopedia

Suzanne Rhodes Draayer

The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Maryland .Toronto .Plymouth, UK 2009 SCARECROW PRESS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY United Kingdom Copyright 0 2009 by Suzanne Rhodes Draayer A11 rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Draayer, Suzanne Rhodes, 1952- Art song composers of Spain : an encyclopedia / Suzanne Rhodes Draayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN- 13: 978-0-8 108-6362-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN- 10: 0-8 108-6362-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN- 13: 978-0-8108-67 19-2 (ebook) ISBN-10: 0-8108-67 19-2 (ebook) 1. Composers-Spain-Biography-Dictionaries. 2. Songs-Spain-Bio- bibliography-Dictionaries. 3. Songs-Spain-History and criticism. I. Title. ML106.S7D73 2009 782.42 168092'246-dc22 2008047524 ern~hepaper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992. Manufactured in the United States of America. Contents

Abbreviations ix xi Foreword by Nico Caste1 . . . Preface Xlll Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix

1. The Cancion Lirica-Spanish Song Types 2. Indigenous Spanish Sound and the Cancion Lirica

Part I. The Creators of the Canci6n Lirica: Major Composers Born 1775 to 1800 3. Manuel del Populo Garcia 4. Fernando Sor Montadas 5. Mariano Rodriguez de Ledesma 6. Jose Leon

Part 11. The Supporting Cast: Minor Composers Born 1775 to 1800 7. Ramon Carnicer y Batlle, Jose Melchor Gomis, Jose Sobejano Ayala, Francisco de Borja Tapia, Jose Valero Peris, Manuel Riicker

Part 111. The Development of the Genre: Major Composers Born 1801 to 1825 8. Sebastian de Iradier Salaveni 9. Mariano Obiols Tramullas 10. Joaquin Espin y Guillen 1 1. Mariano Soriano Fuertes 12. Ernilio Arrieta Corera 13. Francisco Asenjo Barbieri 14. Cristobal Oudrid y Segura 15. Antonio de la Cruz

Part IV. The Supporting Cast: Minor Composers Born 1801 to 1825 16. Basilio Basili, Santiago de Masarnau Fernandez, Baltasar Saldoni Remendo, Antonio Merce Fondevila, Jose Cagigal Calderon, Florencio Lahoz Otal, Rafael Hernando Palomar, Paulina Cabrero y Martinez de Ahumada, Martin Sanchez-A116. Eduardo Jimenez Cos Part V. Andalucianism and Nationalism: Major Composers Born 1826 to 1850 17. Fermin Maria ~lvarezMediavilla 18. Manuel Fernandez Caballero 19. Felipe Pedrell Sabate 20. Isidoro Hernandez 2 1. Manuel Giro 22. Jose Espi Ulrich 23. Ernilio Serrano (y) Ruiz 24. Justo Blasco (y) Compans

Part VI. The Supporting Cast: Minor Composers Born 1826 to 1850 25. Marcia1 del Adalid Gurrea, Lazaro Nuiiez Robres, Gabriel Rodriguez, Ignacio Ovejero Ramos, Manuel Sanz de Terroba, Antonio Lopez Almagro, Antonio Reparaz, Eduardo Ocon y Rivas, Guillermo de Morphy Ferris, Jesus de Monasterio y Agiieros, Rafael Taboada Mantilla, Rafael Aceves Lozano, 0scar Camps y Soler, Jose Falco Torro, Candido Candi Casanova, Francisco de Paula Sanchez Gabagnach, Joaquin Valverde Duran, Pablo Miguel Perlado, Bernardino Valle Chiniestra, Tomas Breton Hernandez, Francisco Garcia Vilamala, Javier Gaztambide y Zia

Part VII. Nationalism and International Fame: Major Composers Born 1851 to 1875 26. Ruperto Chapi Lorente 27. Felipe Espino Iglesias 28. Isaac Albeniz Pascual 29. Enrique Granados Campiiia 30. Amadeo Vives Roig

Part VIII. The Supporting Cast: Minor Composers Born 1851 to 1875 3 1. Jose de Rodoreda Santigos, Vicente Costa y Nogueras, Jose Maria Benaigues y Pujol, Juan Canto Frances, Roberto Goberna, Ignacio Tabuyo Muro, Pedro Astort y Ribas, J. Cumellas Ribo, Salvador Bartoli y Soler, Candido Larmga Mariiielarrena

Part IX. La Cancion Lirica in the Twentieth Century: Major Composers Born Since 1875 32. Manuel de Falla 33. Joaquin Turina Perez 34. Jesus Guridi Bidaola 35. Frederic Mompou Dencausse 36. Eduard Toldra Contents vii 37. Fernando Jaumandreu Obradors 38. Joaquin Rodrigo Vidre 39. Xavier Montsalvatge Bassols

Part X. The Supporting Cast: Minor Composers Born Since 1875 40. Conrado del Campo Zabaleta, Miguel Asensi Martin, Joaquin Nin Castellanos, Jaume Pahissa, Rafael Benedito Vives, Francisco Alonso Lbpez, Francisco Fuster Virtb, 0scar Espla Triay, Jose Padilla Sanchez, Roberto Gerhard Ottenwaelder, Federico Garcia Lorca, Carmen Santiago de Meras

Part XI. Conclusion: The Challenge for Further Research 41. Women Composers and Toward the 2 1st Century

Bibliography Appendix: A Selected Guide to European Spanish Song Song Index Composer Index General Index About the Author

Abbreviations

acc accompaniment B bass bal ballade Ball ballet bal arabe Arabian ballad bal dram dramatic ballad bar baritone barc barcarola bol bolero can cancion canz canzona, canzonetta cas castanets cb contrabass cel celeste clr clarinet co chorus COM La Correspondencia Musical contr contralto DU Jose Maria Ducazcal, editorial, Madrid EJR Ediciones Joaquin Rodrigo EME Editions Max Eschig eng hn English horn fl flute GMB Gaceta Musical Barcelonesa, Barcelona, 1861 to 1865 gui guitar hab habanera har harmonium hv high voice ICCMU Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales, Madrid IMC International Music Company IMHA La Ilustraci6n Musical Hispano Americana, Barcelona, 1888 to 1896 low voice Mzisica Album. Revista Musical Ilustrada, Madrid, 1917 melodia mez mezzo mv medium voice noc nocturne n.d. no date n.p. not published NPI no publication information ob oboe OP. opus Abbreviations op. post. opus posthumous orch orchestra P piano perc percussion ~1% plegaria RABM Revista de Archivos. Bibliotecas y Museos, Madrid, 187 1 + re1 med religious meditation RI Ritmo, Madrid, 1929+ RM Real Musical RMH La Revista Musical, Havana, 1882 RMHA Revista Musical Hispanoamericana, Madrid, 1914-17 rom romance S soprano Sch Schott Music seg seguidilla ser serenade SGAE Sociedad General de Autores de EspaAa sol soloist str string(s) t tenor tir tirana trans. transcribed UME Uni6n Musical Espafiola unaccom unaccompanied v voice va viola vill villancico VC violincello vn violin vns violins vol volume vols volumes ZAR La Zarzuela, Madrid, 1856 to 1857 zarz zarzuela Foreword

Art Song Composers of Spain: An Encyclopedia describes the growth of the cancidn lirica from its early creators-Manuel Garcia, Jose Leon, Fernando Sor, and others-to the fruition of the genre in the lovely art song repertoire of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century composers. Singers and audiences know and cherish the compositions of the "Spanish Fivew-Enrique Granados, Joaquin Turina, Fernando Obradors, Manuel de Falla, and Joaquin Rodrigo-but they don't know the roots and branches from which these composers bloomed. Art Song Composers of Spain logically and systematically takes readers through the various developmental stages of the cancion lirica, discuss- ing the lives and contributions of ninety-three composers. Singers may not know these composers but an absence of knowledge does not diminish the value of these musicians and their exquisite contributions to the genre. Art Song Composers of Spain is without equal in the field of Spanish vocal literature as it is a comprehensive and complete resource. Songs are discussed and analyzed by a singer who knows the repertoire well. Suzanne makes astute comments regarding the poetry, the political and historical panorama, and the case for the inclusion of this song literature in the studio and on the stage. This volume is a treasure trove of composers, compositions, and ideas for further research. A superb resource for singers, teachers of singing, and music historians, Art Song Composers of Spain has filled a void, a crevasse many performers and teachers of singing didn't know existed.

Thank you, Suzanne!

Nico Caste1 New York

Preface

The genesis of my Spanish song research began in 1984 during my doctoral work at the University of Maryland. Professor George Shirley taught a Vocal Literature class on less traditional art song-the repertoire of Russian, African- American, and Spanish composers. Research practices were much more difficult all those years ago-online research did not exist; the 1980 edition of the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians contained little information regarding the contributions and legacies of European Spanish song; the Library of Congress held very few works by Spanish composers. And finally, the best music stores in the United States, including Joseph Patelson Music House in New York City, could not acquire Spanish vocal music. In Professor Shirley's class, we studied photocopied scores of Castilian song-no printed scores were available-of several composers, including Joaquin Rodrigo and Joaquin Turina. I performed some of this lovely repertoire in class as well as on my doctoral recitals. As I began to consider composers for my dissertation-tape project, a project requiring performers to research and per- form music that had never been recorded or was no longer available on recording, I was drawn to the canciones liricas of Spain. The holdings at our pre- eminent library-The Library of Congress-were very meager. For example, of the eighty-seven songs in Rodrigo's oeuvre, our finest library in the United States owned only twenty-one songs-Cantos de Amor y de Guerra (five songs), Doce Canciones (twelve songs), and, of course, the popular Cuatro Madrigales Amatorios (four songs). Because the Cuatro Madrigales had been recorded, I could not include that cycle in the project. As the scores were unob- tainable here, my accompanist and I learned the cycles from photocopied scores. At least sixty minutes of music were required for the dissertation-tape project, so I expanded my research to include the two Rodrigo song cycles listed above, and four Turina song cycles-Tres Poemas, Tres Arias, Tres Sonetos, and Homenaje a Lope de Vega. I was able to purchase some of these cycles while others, once again, I learned from photocopied scores. As time passed, the spell of Spanish music continued to tantalize me and I yearned for more. My next-door neighbor, Dr. Aiiano Pena, a Spanish professor and native Spaniard, was helpful to my research. I agreed to water his indoor plants and collect his mail while he was in Spain each summer if he would purchase scores for me. For five years, Afiano filled my library with art songs pur- chased at the Union Musical Espafiola shop in Madrid. I programmed this music on many recitals and, eventually, I made annual trips to Spain to conduct research, visit music stores, and attend concerts. A single class changed and focused my direction, inspiring me to write a book on the songs of Joaquin Rodrigo, A Singer's Guide to the Songs of Joaquin Rodrigo, and to research and edit the six volumes of Canciones de EspaCa; Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain. That research has led to this book, a com- pendium of Castilian song repertoire composed from the time of Manuel Garcia to the twentieth century. A belated thank you, George, for your class, for carefully editing my papers on Spanish song, and for giving my life a meaningful purpose.

Author's Remarks Headline-style American capitalization rules have been followed for the titles of operas, zarzuelas, songs, and all other literary and musical works. Song examples cited in Art Song Composers of Spain are from high key publications. The list of song repertoire at the conclusion of each entry is from several sources-La Cancidn Lirica Espariola en el Siglo XIX, the Diccionario de la Musica Espariola e Hispanoamericana, the Archivo Histdrico de la Unidn Mu- sical Espariola: Partituras, Me'todos, Libretos y Libros, and the online cata- logues of the Biblioteca Nacional de Espaiia in Madrid, and the Biblioteca de Catalunya. Check the bibliography for complete information on these valuable resources. Ernilio Casares Rodicio's excellent book, La Imagen de Nuestro Musica Del Siglo de Oro a la Erlad de Plata, reproduces many paintings, drawings, and photographs of the composers explored in Art Song Composers of Spain. This resource, available through Inter-Library Loan, enables the reader to associate a face with these notable composers. While every effort has been made to create accurate repertoire lists, some entries may be incomplete. Scholars and performers of the cancion lirica are requested to continue this very important research. Tracing the date of song composition was often impossible in the years prior to 1875. Some songs were never published or the songs were published years after composition. Songs, therefore, are listed in alphabetical order by complete title (including the article), while stage works, which were dated, are listed in chronological order. Dates of composition or publication are included when known. Voice types and accompanying instruments for works are cited, if known. ArchivMusic.com, as listed in the bibliography, is the source of the discog- raphy. See individual composer entries for sources relating to a specific composer. General sources for Art Song Composers of Spain are listed in the bibliography. When possible, full names and dates of teachers, composers, and poets have been included. As in any research project, inconsistencies were found. Composers' sur- names may be alphabetized under any of several last names. For example, Fran- cisco de Asis Esteban Asenjo Barbieri is listed under "Asenjo" in Celsa Alonso's excellent resource, La Cancidn Lirica Espariola en el Siglo XIX, but in the Diccionario de la Musica Espariola e Hispanoamericana, researchers will find information about this composer under "Barbieri."