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Three-Dimensional Magma Flow Dynamics Within Subvolcanic Sheet Intrusions

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Three-Dimensional Magma Flow Dynamics Within Subvolcanic Sheet Intrusions This is a repository copy of Three-dimensional magma flow dynamics within subvolcanic sheet intrusions. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/137253/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Magee, C orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-2365, O’Driscoll, B, Petronis, MS et al. (1 more author) (2016) Three-dimensional magma flow dynamics within subvolcanic sheet intrusions. Geosphere, 12 (3). pp. 842-866. ISSN 1553-040X https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01270.1 © 2016 Geological Society of America. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Geosphere. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. 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[email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Geosphere Three-dimensional magma flow dynamics within sub-volcanic sheet intrusions --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: GS1270R2 Full Title: Three-dimensional magma flow dynamics within sub-volcanic sheet intrusions Short Title: Magma flow dynamics in sheet intrusions Article Type: Research Paper Keywords: Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility; inclined sheet; Ardnamurchan; magma flow; titanomagnetite; intrusion Corresponding Author: Craig Magee Imperial College London, London UNITED KINGDOM Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: Imperial College Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Craig Magee First Author Secondary Information: Order of Authors: Craig Magee Brian O'Driscoll Michael S Petronis Carl TE Stevenson Order of Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: Sheet intrusions represent important magma conduits and reservoirs in sub-volcanic systems. Constraining the emplacement mechanisms of such intrusions is crucial to understanding the physiochemical evolution of magma, volcano deformation patterns, and the location of future eruption sites. However, magma plumbing systems of active volcanoes cannot be directly accessed and we therefore rely on the analysis of ancient systems to inform the interpretation of indirect geophysical and geochemical volcano monitoring techniques. Numerous studies have demonstrated that anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a powerful tool for constraining magma flow patterns within such ancient, solidified sheet intrusions. Here, we conduct a high-resolution AMS study of seven inclined sheets, exposed along the Ardnamurchan peninsula in NW Scotland, and examine how magma flow in sheet intrusions may vary along and perpendicular to the magma flow axis. The sheets form part of the Ardnamurchan Central Complex, which represents the deeply eroded roots of a ~58 Myr old volcano. Our results suggest that the inclined sheets were emplaced via either up-dip magma flow or along-strike, lateral magma transport. Importantly, observed variations in magnetic fabric orientation, particularly magnetic foliations, within individual intrusions suggests that some sheets were internally compartmentalized; i.e. different along-strike portions of the inclined sheets exhibit subtle differences in their magma flow dynamics. This may have implications for the flow regime and magma mixing within intrusions. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript Magee et al - high resolution cs AMS_final.doc 1 Three-dimensional magma flow dynamics within sub-volcanic sheet intrusions 2 3 C. MAGEE*1, B. O’DRISCOLL2, 3, M.S. PETRONIS4, C.T.E. STEVENSON5 4 5 1Basins Research Group (BRG), Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College, 6 London, SW7 2BP, UK 7 2School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK 8 3Now at: School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, 9 Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 10 4Environmental Geology, Natural Resource Management Department, New Mexico Highlands 11 University, PO Box 9000, Las Vegas, NM 87701, USA 12 5School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 13 Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK 14 15 Abstract 16 Sheet intrusions represent important magma conduits and reservoirs in sub-volcanic systems. 17 Constraining the emplacement mechanisms of such intrusions is crucial to understanding the 18 physiochemical evolution of magma, volcano deformation patterns, and the location of future 19 eruption sites. However, magma plumbing systems of active volcanoes cannot be directly accessed 20 and we therefore rely on the analysis of ancient systems to inform the interpretation of indirect 21 geophysical and geochemical volcano monitoring techniques. Numerous studies have demonstrated 22 that anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a powerful tool for constraining magma flow 23 patterns within such ancient, solidified sheet intrusions. Here, we conduct a high-resolution AMS 24 study of seven inclined sheets, exposed along the Ardnamurchan peninsula in NW Scotland, and 25 examine how magma flow in sheet intrusions may vary along and perpendicular to the magma flow 26 axis. The sheets form part of the Ardnamurchan Central Complex, which represents the deeply 1 27 eroded roots of a ~58 Myr old volcano. Our results suggest that the inclined sheets were emplaced 28 via either up-dip magma flow or along-strike, lateral magma transport. Importantly, observed 29 variations in magnetic fabric orientation, particularly magnetic foliations, within individual 30 intrusions suggests that some sheets were internally compartmentalized; i.e. different along-strike 31 portions of the inclined sheets exhibit subtle differences in their magma flow dynamics. This may 32 have implications for the flow regime and magma mixing within intrusions. 33 34 Introduction 35 The transport of magma within a sub-volcanic system is commonly facilitated by interconnected 36 sheet intrusions (e.g., dikes and sills). Because magma plumbing systems of active volcanoes 37 cannot be directly observed, analyzing ancient sheet intrusion complexes exposed at the surface is 38 crucial to understanding magma transport within sub-volcanic domains (e.g., Anderson 1937; 39 Walker 1993; Schirnick et al. 1999; Gudmundsson 2002; Muirhead et al. 2012; Schofield et al. 40 2012b; Cashman and Sparks 2013; Petronis et al. 2013). Analyses of ancient sheet intrusion 41 complexes provide invaluable insights into magma emplacement mechanisms and thereby 42 contribute to volcanic hazard assessment (e.g., Sparks 2003; Sparks et al. 2012; Cashman and 43 Sparks 2013), understanding the distribution of eruption locations (e.g., Abebe et al. 2007; Gaffney 44 et al. 2007), and elucidating controls on crystal growth and geochemical variations (e.g., Latypov 45 2003). For example, studies of magma flow indicators (e.g., vesicle imbrication, phenocryst 46 alignment, magnetic fabrics) in solidified intrusions have demonstrated that sheet geometries alone 47 cannot be used as proxies for magma transport directions; i.e. flow within dikes or inclined sheets 48 can range from dip-parallel to strike-parallel (e.g., Abelson et al. 2001; Holness and Humphreys 49 2003; Callot and Geoffroy 2004; Geshi 2005; Philpotts and Philpotts 2007; Kissel et al. 2010; 50 Magee et al. 2012a). All studies focused on elucidating the structure and source of sub-volcanic 51 intrusion complexes should therefore consider magma flow patterns. 2 52 Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) allows the rapid and precise measurement of 53 magnetic fabrics from large sample sets (Tarling and Hrouda 1993). Numerous studies have 54 successfully demonstrated that magnetic lineations and foliations, measured by AMS, can record 55 information on primary magma flow in sheet intrusions (e.g., Fig. 1) (Launeau and Cruden 1998; 56 Archanjo and Launeau 2004; Canon-Tapia and Chavez-Alvarez 2004; Féménias et al. 2004; 57 Philpotts and Philpotts 2007; Stevenson et al. 2007b; Polteau et al. 2008; Petronis et al. 2013). For 58 example, the imbrication of magnetic fabrics, which is related to increasing velocity gradients 59 adjacent to the wall rock, can be used to establish magma flow directions (Fig. 1) (e.g., Knight and 60 Walker 1988; Tauxe et al. 1998; Callot et al. 2001; Féménias et al. 2004). AMS therefore 61 potentially provides a powerful tool for assessing magma flow in solidified sheet intrusions. 62 Although several studies have identified variations in magma flow-related AMS fabrics, 63 particularly along strike of the principal emplacement direction in individual intrusions, the 64 processes that generate local variations in magma flow dynamics remain poorly constrained (e.g., 65 Ernst and Baragar 1992; Canon-Tapia and Chavez-Alvarez 2004; Aubourg et al. 2008; Cañón- 66 Tapia and Herrero-Bervera 2009; Magee et al. 2013a). For example, Magee et al. (2013b) recently 67 conducted an AMS analysis of numerous intrusions exposed in the Ardnamurchan Central
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