Ardnamurchan 3D Cone-Sheet Architecture Explained by a Single
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Impinging Ring Dike Complexes in the Sierra Nevada Batholith, California: Roots of the Early Cretaceous Volcanic Arc
Impinging ring dike complexes in the Sierra Nevada batholith, California: Roots of the Early Cretaceous volcanic arc Diane Clemens-Knott* Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Jason B. Saleeby } Pasadena, California 91125 ABSTRACT and Tilton, 1991, for a recent review). Specifically, the crust varied from rel- atively thin, accreted ophiolite and marine metasedimentary rocks on the In this paper we interpret new and previously published U-Pb zircon west, to altered volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in the center, to a thicker data in light of structures mapped within ~360 km2 of the southwestern wedge of continental margin metasedimentary rocks on the east (Saleeby, Sierra Nevada batholith. Traces of intrusive contacts and igneous foli- 1981). In addition to crustal heterogeneity, the proportion of crust assimilated ations reveal the presence of two ring dike complexes: the eastern ring by depleted mantle-derived magmas may have increased eastward (DePaolo, complex and the western ring(?) complex. These subvolcanic com- 1981). More recent studies suggest that the lateral variations are due, in part, plexes formed during overlapping periods: the eastern ring complex to variations within the mantle (Silver and Chappell, 1988): for example, between 123 and 117 Ma (n = 5) and the western ring complex between parental magmas of western Sierran plutons were derived from depleted 120 and 115 Ma (n = 5). Each complex may have been emplaced dur- mantle and parental magmas of central and eastern Sierran plutons may have ing a minimum of two events, each 2 to 3 m.y. long and separated by 3 been derived from enriched mantle (Coleman et al., 1992; Beard and to 4 m.y. -
Volume Lateral Magma Transport from the Mull Volcano: 10.1002/2016GC006712 an Insight to Magma Chamber Processes
PUBLICATIONS Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems RESEARCH ARTICLE Large-volume lateral magma transport from the Mull volcano: 10.1002/2016GC006712 An insight to magma chamber processes Key Points: Osamu Ishizuka1,2 , Rex N. Taylor3, Nobuo Geshi1, and Nobutatsu Mochizuki4 The magma flow direction within dikes from the Mull volcano gradually 1Research Institute of Earthquake and Volcano Geology, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan, 2Japan Agency changed from near vertical to for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, 3Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, horizontal within 30 km of its center National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, 4Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Magma assimilating lower crust only forms proximal dikes and feeds Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan overlying upper crustal reservoir which forms proximal or distal dikes Magma volumes from basaltic lower Abstract Long-distance lateral magma transport within the crust has been inferred for various magmatic and felsic upper crustal reservoirs systems including oceanic island volcanoes, mid-oceanic ridges, and large igneous provinces. However, were combined to generate andesitic long-distance dikes studying the physical and chemical properties of active fissure systems is difficult. Hence, this study investi- gates the movement of magma away from the Mull volcano in the North Atlantic Igneous Province, where Supporting Information: erosion has exposed its upper crustal dike networks. Magmatic lineations within dikes indicate that the Supporting Information S1 magma flow in the Mull dike suite changed from near vertical to horizontal within 30 km of the volcanic Table S1 center. This implies that distal dikes were fed by lateral magma transport from Mull. -
Geology of the Pilanesberg Ring Dike Complex 28 July 2015
Geology of the Pilanesberg Ring Dike complex 28 July 2015 sustain critical watering holes for the animals. The largest body of water in the park, Mankwe Lake, is visible in the lowlands just east of the center. Several phases of geologic activity created the landscape over hundreds of millions of years. The process began about 1.3 billion years ago, when primitive organisms like algae were the only lifeforms on Earth and huge volcanic eruptions were common. During this period, magma pooled up near the surface in a large hot spot that bulged with immense pressure. The pressure helped push up a volcanic structure that was several thousand meters tall. Acquired June 19, 2015. Over time, tubes of magma radiated outward from the main magma chamber beneath the volcano. Eventually this created massive cracks in the Earth's surface around the volcano at regular While big game animals such as lions, leopards, intervals. (In cross section, the magma tubes would elephants, rhinos, and water buffaloes draw most have looked something like the branches of a tree visitors to Pilanesberg National Park, the land extending from a common trunk. From above, the these animals live on is just as compelling. radial cracks gave the surface the appearance of a Pilanesberg is located in one of the world's largest broken window. A good illustration of the magma and best preserved alkaline ring dike complexes—a tubes is available here.) After several violent rare circular feature that emerged from the eruptions sent lava bursting from the volcano, the subterranean plumbing of an ancient volcano. -
University of Nevada Reno Dike Emplacement and Deformation In
M’ MES Lf&SARY 3201 University of Nevada Reno Dike Emplacement and Deformation in the Donner Summit Pluton, Central Sierra Nevada, California Ch vS> C* This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geological Engineering. by Kathleen Andrea Ward Dr. Richard Schultz/ Thesis Advisor December 1993 H ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS <Whew> I bet some of you out there figured I would never get done. But here I am with a completed M.S. thesis in geological engineering. I am not even sure where to begin and who to thank first, because each and every one of the following people have contributed so much to my life and my thesis. My mom and dad and Erika and Christy have always been supportive about my schoolwork. Without them close by in Sacramento with a guest room I would have gone crazy. I love them more than they can ever imagine. And no one will ever find a better field assistant than my sister Erika. Christina and Robert - What an incredible pair! Always had an extra room for me too, even in Florida. My grandma, who put up with me no matter what my mood. I love you. My e-mail account was priceless. The constant cheer and love I received from Becky, Kevin, and Erika helped me through many stressful times. The other graduate students who enjoyed the M.S. thesis ride with me, I salute each and every one of you. Especially Paul and Li (the two hardest workers in the department). Reno Mountain Sports, the entire crew, have been my constant sanctuary always making me take time out to smell the roses, or ski the powder... -
Fort-William-And-Lochaber.Pdf
Moidart 5 4 Ardnamurchan Sunart 3 2 Morvern Mull The diversity of Lochaber’s landscape is Sunart to the strip of shops and cafés in perfectly illustrated when you leave the Tobermory on the Isle of Mull. mountainous scenery of Glencoe and It’s an island feel that only adds to the Glen Nevis for the lonely and dramatic attraction – there are few places in Britain quarter of Ardgour, Moidart and the more alluring than here and the range of Ardnamurchan Peninsula. wildlife is almost without compare. The Stretching west from Loch Linnhe to oakwoods near Strontian are one of the Ardnamurchan Point, the most westerly best places to spot wildlife, as is the tip of the British mainland, this part of stunning coastline and white sandy Lochaber is sparsely populated with its beaches between Portuairk at the south villages linked by a string of mostly end of Sanna Bay and the lighthouse at single-track roads, meaning getting Ardnamurchan Point. anywhere can take a while. The craggy slopes of Ben Hiant offer Being surrounded on three sides by breathtaking views across much of this water gives this region a distinctly island region as well as over to the islands of quality – the most popular way onto the Mull, Rum and Eigg, while a lower but peninsula is by the Corran Ferry over Loch equally impressive vantage point can be Linnhe to Ardgour where five minutes on taken in from the Crofter’s Wood above the water transports you to the much Camusnagaul, a short ferry journey across more peaceful, laid-back pace of the Loch Linnhe from Fort William. -
The Mogollon-Datil Volcanic Field, Southwestern New Mexico Wolfgang E
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/59 When batholiths exploded: The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, southwestern New Mexico Wolfgang E. (Wolf) Elston, 2008, pp. 117-128 in: Geology of the Gila Wilderness-Silver City area, Mack, Greg, Witcher, James, Lueth, Virgil W.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 59th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 210 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2008 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. -
The Great Eucrite Intrusion of Ardnamurchan, Scotland: Reevaluating the Ring-Dike Concept
The Great Eucrite intrusion of Ardnamurchan, Scotland: Reevaluating the ring-dike concept B. O'Driscoll* Department of Geology, Museum Building, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland V.R. Troll R.J. Reavy Department of Geology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland P. Turner School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ABSTRACT Ring-dikes are cylindrical sheet intrusions that develop at a subvolcanic level due to ascent of magma along steep outward- dipping ring fractures. Magma ascent is triggered by central block subsidence, and fully formed ring-dikes are composed of a ¯at- lying sill-like roof as well as steeply outward-dipping walls on all sides. The Great Eucrite of the Ardnamurchan Paleocene igneous complex, NW Scotland, is a spectacular gabbro intrusion that has Figure 1. Schematic diagram showing subvolcanic level and been cited as one of the classic examples of a ring-dike for the past ring-fault system along which ring-dikes are emplaced (after 70 yr. We combine ®eld observations, detailed structural measure- Walter and Troll, 2001). Inset: Bell-jar geometry of typical ring- ments of primary magmatic features, and anisotropy of magnetic dike intrusion and expected magma ¯ow directions during susceptibility data in a reinvestigation of this intrusive body. Mag- emplacement. matic layering and macroscopic planar crystal arrangements dip inward, and magnetic lineations plunge consistently toward the Three distinct foci of activity have been recognized in the Ard- center of the intrusion, in contrast to what would be expected for namurchan complex (centers 1, 2, and 3; Fig. 2). Each of these is a ring-dike. -
Evidence from Lake City Caldera, USA GEOSPHERE
Research Paper GEOSPHERE Controls on hydrothermal fluid flow in caldera-hosted settings: Evidence from Lake City caldera, USA 1 1 1 2 3 GEOSPHERE; v. 13, no. 6 Thomas O. Garden , Darren M. Gravley , Ben M. Kennedy , Chad Deering , and Isabelle Chambefort 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand 2 doi:10.1130/GES01506.1 Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA 3GNS Science, Wairakei Research Centre, Taupo 3377, New Zealand 10 figures; 3 tables ABSTRACT tion thereof (Table 1). It is not well understood why some calderas host hydro- CORRESPONDENCE: thermal systems while others do not or what factors promote fluid localization thomas .o .garden@gmail .com Silicic caldera volcanoes are often associated with hydrothermal systems in certain parts of a caldera. In particular, caldera “ring faults” are commonly economically important for electricity generation and localization of ore de- suggested to be important structures for localizing fluid flow (e.g., Duex and CITATION: Garden, T.O., Gravley, D.M., Kennedy, B.M., Deering, C., and Chambefort, I., 2017, Controls posits. Despite their potential importance, the poor exposure that is typical in Henry, 1981; Wood, 1994; Guillou-Frottier et al., 2000; Stix et al., 2003; Kissling on hydrothermal fluid flow in caldera-hosted settings: caldera settings has limited the number of detailed studies of the relationship and Weir, 2005); yet no studies to date have focused on a thorough examina- Evidence from Lake City caldera, USA: Geosphere, between caldera structures and fluid flow. We use field mapping, outcrop scale tion of their permeability structure. -
Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks and Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado
Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks And Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 649 MAFIG-ULTRAMAFIC IGNEOUS ROCKS AND ASSOCIATED CARBONATITES OF THE GEM PARK COMPLEX, CUSTER AND FREMONT COUNTIES, COLORADO S a wa tc h C r i s t o Range S a n g r e d a Range rh p I e x * '*w 5 tp" *,. ' j^.*f\ A- j*s'j»- ' ^«K*£ DEMOB R^TjC MQ^NTAIN. \3 1 /T* :S>- * >." " '"' _J^ ^: '-V*^ Bdj^|*°C,j^B^*' * X* -H'c;"",.,,,,'*^ ,,' -aCr* Gem Park, Colo. View northwestward from Democratic Mounta GEM MOUNTAIN Sawatch Range ark -Cbtrfplex -« "*» +** 4ifa. ving pyroxenite and gabbro of the Gem Park Complex. Mafic-Ultramafic Igneous Rocks And Associated Carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado By RAYMOND L. PARKER and WILLIAM N. SHARP GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 649 The Gem Park Complex its geology and mineralogy, and its niobium distribution UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HIGKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 79-608291 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, B.C. 20402 (Paper cover) CONTENTS Pag-e Abstract __ _-_---__---__-_--..---__-_____-_______-____ Gem Park Complex Continued Introduction __________________________________________ 1 Carbonatite dikes_--______---------_--__-__-___-__- 7 General geology-______________________________________ 1 Attitude, orientation, and distribution of dikes.___ 7 Precambrian rocks.________________________________ 3 Composition of dikes.-______..______..__-_____-__ P Cambrian rocks.__________________________________ 3 Carbonatite in rocks that enclose the complex. -
Western Scotland
Soil Survey of Scotland WESTERN SCOTLAND 1:250 000 SHEET 4 The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research Aberdeen 1982 SOIL SURVEY OF SCOTLAND Soil and Land Capability for Agriculture WESTERN SCOTLAND By J. S. Bibby, BSc, G. Hudson, BSc and D. J. Henderson, BSc with contributions from C. G. B. Campbell, BSc, W. Towers, BSc and G. G. Wright, BSc The Macaulay Institute for Soil Rescarch Aberdeen 1982 @ The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, 1982 The couer zllustralion is of Ardmucknish Bay, Benderloch and the hzlk of Lorn, Argyll ISBN 0 7084 0222 4 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS ABERDEEN Contents Chapter Page PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGE~MENTS ix 1 DESCRIPTIONOF THEAREA 1 Geology, landforms and parent materials 2 Climate 12 Soils 18 Principal soil trends 20 Soil classification 23 Vegetation 28 2 THESOIL MAP UNITS 34 The associations and map units 34 The Alluvial Soils 34 The Organic Soils 34 The Aberlour Association 38 The Arkaig Association 40 The Balrownie Association 47 The Berriedale Association 48 The BraemorelKinsteary Associations 49 The Corby/Boyndie/Dinnet Associations 49 The Corriebreck Association 52 The Countesswells/Dalbeattie/PriestlawAssociations 54 The Darleith/Kirktonmoor Associations 58 The Deecastle Association 62 The Durnhill Association 63 The Foudland Association 66 The Fraserburgh Association 69 The Gourdie/Callander/Strathfinella Associations 70 The Gruline Association 71 The Hatton/Tomintoul/Kessock Associations 72 The Inchkenneth Association 73 The Inchnadamph Association 75 ... 111 CONTENTS -
Watkins and Le Roex Okonyenya IC
Communs geol. Surv. Namibia, 9 (1994), 13-22 A reinvestigation of the Okenyenya igneous complex: a new geological map, structural interpretation and model of emplacement R.T. Watkins1* & A.P. Le Roex2 1Fission Track Research Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University College London, Gower St. London WC1E 6BT, 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa *Present address: School of Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, W.A. 6001, Australia The Okenyenya igneous complex, of Mesozoic age and located in northwestern Namibia, is notable for its extremely wide range of rock types of both tholeiitic and alkaline affinities. The intrusive rocks, which range from highly alkaline, silica-poor lamprophyres through to quartz-syenite, have been emplaced by a variety of contrasting mechanisms. A detailed geological map of the igneous complex is presented, together with a structural reinterpretation of a number of the component intrusions. A model of emplacement is proposed comprising: Stage 1, emplacement of a tholeiitic gabbro-quartz monzodiorite sill or cone sheet complex, followed by Stage 2, the intrusion of picritic gabbro dykes; and Stage 3, the emplacement of alkaline gabbros into high level magma chambers. Stage 4 involved the injection of syenite and quartz syenite as a series of dykes and sills, primarily in the southwest of the complex but includ- ing a major peripheral ring dyke. Stage 5 saw the emplacement of concentric intrusions of nepheline syenite and essexite during the last major phase of magmatism, with the final magmatism ofStage 6, involving the emplacement of lamprophyric rock types as narrow dykes, small stocks and volcanic diatremes. -
A'chleit (Argyll), A' Chleit
Iain Mac an Tàilleir 2003 1 A'Chleit (Argyll), A' Chleit. "The mouth of the Lednock", an obscure "The cliff or rock", from Norse. name. Abban (Inverness), An t-Àban. Aberlemno (Angus), Obar Leamhnach. “The backwater” or “small stream”. "The mouth of the elm stream". Abbey St Bathans (Berwick). Aberlour (Banff), Obar Lobhair. "The abbey of Baoithean". The surname "The mouth of the noisy or talkative stream". MacGylboythin, "son of the devotee of Aberlour Church and parish respectively are Baoithean", appeared in Dumfries in the 13th Cill Drostain and Sgìre Dhrostain, "the century, but has since died out. church and parish of Drostan". Abbotsinch (Renfrew). Abernethy (Inverness, Perth), Obar Neithich. "The abbot's meadow", from English/Gaelic, "The mouth of the Nethy", a river name on lands once belonging to Paisley Abbey. suggesting cleanliness. Aberarder (Inverness), Obar Àrdair. Aberscross (Sutherland), Abarsgaig. "The mouth of the Arder", from àrd and "Muddy strip of land". dobhar. Abersky (Inverness), Abairsgigh. Aberargie (Perth), Obar Fhargaidh. "Muddy place". "The mouth of the angry river", from fearg. Abertarff (Inverness), Obar Thairbh. Aberbothrie (Perth). "The mouth of the bull river". Rivers and "The mouth of the deaf stream", from bodhar, stream were often named after animals. “deaf”, suggesting a silent stream. Aberuchill (Perth), Obar Rùchaill. Abercairney (Perth). Although local Gaelic speakers understood "The mouth of the Cairney", a river name this name to mean "mouth of the red flood", from càrnach, meaning “stony”. from Obar Ruadh Thuil, older evidence Aberchalder (Inverness), Obar Chaladair. points to this name containing coille, "The mouth of the hard water", from caled "wood", with similarities to Orchill.