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Kafka in Kanada Von Lara Pehar Kafka-Atlas Kafka in Kanada von Lara Pehar Matamorphosis-Ausstellung beim Nuit-Blanche-Festival Porträt Innerhalb des kanadischen akademischen Bereiches ist Franz Kafka ein etablierter kanonischer Autor. Seine Werke werden in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen erforscht und gelehrt: in der Germanistik, und der Slawistik, und auch in vergleichender Literaturwissenschaft, sowohl in der Judaistik, als auch in Diasporastudien und in Jura. Auch im kulturellen Leben Kanadas nimmt der Prager Autor eine ikonische Funktion als Philosoph ein. Die berühmtesten seiner Werke wurden für die Bühne adaptiert oder zu Hörspielen verarbeitet; politisch motivierte Filme und künstlerische Projekte betten die bürokratische Aspekte seiner Werke ein und heben die subjektive Erfahrung von Kafkas Helden hervor. kafkaesk „Kafkaesque“ ist ein sehr häufig verwendeter Begriff in der Umgangssprache und insbesondere im Journalismus. Ein Eintrag dafür erscheint sogar im Canadian Oxford Dictionary, was den enormen Symbolwert Kafkas in Kanada vermuten lässt. Die Assoziationen des Attributs „kafkaesk“ sind auch in Kanada vielfältig: bedrohlich, grotesk, rätselhaft, paradox, usw. Dennoch wird seine bürokratische Dimension am meisten wahrgenommen. In den Medien kommt der Begriff in den letzten Jahren immer häufiger zum Einsatz, besonders im Zusammenhang mit der Politik der kanadischen Regierung bezüglich Staatsbürgerschaft, Einwanderung und Überwachung terroristischer Aktivitäten im Lande als Folge der Terroranschläge am 11. September 2001. Diese Tendenz veranschaulichen die Schlagzeilen in den Zeitungen: „After Kafkaesque hunt, Indian status and citizenship both out of reach for desperate Ontario mom“ (The National Post, 25. Juli, 2013); „Kafkaesque bureaucracy denies citizenship to legitimate Canadians“ (The Vancouver Observer, 2. September, 2012); „Canada’s K: Mohammad Mahjoub’s Kafkaesque ordeal“ (Pacific Free Press, 24. Oktober, 2013); „Campaign against ‚Kafkaesque justice’ in Canada“ (Centre for Media Alternatives Quebec, 12. Mai, 2010); „Harper’s hitlist: A Kafkaesque nightmare for abandoned Canadians“ (rabble.ca, 7. April, 2010); „Diab calls French terror extradition bid a ‚Kafkaesque nightmare’“ (The Ottawa Citizen, 21. Januar, 2012); „A Kafka-Atlas Kafkaesque chapter closes“ [Exilfall des Kanadiers Abousfian Abdelrazik] (The Globe and Mail, 18. Januar, 2009); „U.S. air security called ‚Kafkaesque’“ (The Toronto Star, 24. November, 2008). Künstlerische Rezeption Theaterproduktionen: La soupe de Kafka, basiert auf dem Buch La soupe de Kafka : Une histoire complète de la littérature mondiale en 16 recettes von Mark Crick. Regisseurin: Sylvie Dufour; Komponisten: Marc-André Charette, Sasha Dominique Patrick Potvin und Frédérique Thérien. Théâtre de l'Île (Gatineau, März- April 2015). Kafka’s Ape. Adaption des „Bericht für eine Akademie“. Regisseur: Guy Sprung. Infinithéâtre (Toronto, August 2014). The Metamorphosis. Eine Adaption. Regisseure: David Farr / Gisli Orn Gardarsson. Royal Alexandra Theatre (Toronto, März 2014). Kafka’s Monkey. Adaption des „Bericht für eine Akademie“. Regisseur: Ryland Alexander; Dramatiker: Colin Teevan. The Golden Apple Theatre (Regina, Mai 2013). Kafka: The Musical. Dramatiker: Murray Gold. Ausgestrahlt als Hörspiel auf BBC Radio 3 (April 2011). Kafka: The Musical, von Murray Gold. Bühnenadaption: Clayron Jevne. Theatre Inconnu (Victoria, Dezember 2012). Kafka and Son. Adaption des „Briefs an den Vater“. Regisseure: Mark Cassidy / Alon Nashman. Theaturtle / Threshold Theatre (Uraufführung: Toronto, März 2006). Le Procès de Kafka. Adaption des Romans Der Prozeß. Dramatiker: Serge Lamothe. Regisseur: François Girard. Théâtre du Nouveau Monde (Montréal / Ottawa, 2004). Oper und Konzerte: Kafka/Kurtág/Janáček. Musikalische Aufführung von György Kurtágs Kafka-Fragmente op. 24, und Leoš Janáčeks The Diary of One Who Disappeared. Against the Grain (AtG) Theatre (Toronto, März 2013). Fidelio von Beethoven. Regisseur: Andreas Baesler. Canadian Opera Company (Toronto, Januar - Februar 2009). Im Mittelpunkt von Baeslers moderner Inszenierung steht eine kafkaeske Bürokratie als der Bösewicht des Stücks: die entlassenen Gefangenen tauschen ihre Häftlingskleidung für graue Kafka-Atlas Flanelle aus, und betreten darin eine andere Form der Gefangenschaft. Das Bühnenbild unterstreicht dies durch deckenhohe Aktenschränke, die den Raum teilen. Zitate aus Kafkas Werken erscheinen mehrfach auf dem Bühnenvorhang. Kafka’s Chimp. Original-Oper von Komponist John Metcalf und Librettist Mark Morris. (Weltpremiere: Banff Arts Fesitval, 1996). Filme: The Secret Trial 5. Dokumentarfilm von Amar Wala (2012). Wala thematisiert die Einschränkung der Bürgerrechte durch die sogenannte „Security Cetrificates“. Das anti-Terror-Gesetz ermöglicht der kanadischen Regierung in geheimen Verfahren zu überprüfen, ob gewisse Personen eine terroristische Gefährdung darstellen. Wala bezeichnet diese Vorgehensweise der Regierung, ausländische Staatsangehörige, die keine Straftat begangen haben, zu deportieren oder sie, ohne einen Strafantrag zu stellen, auf unbefristete Zeit zu inhaftieren, als „kafkaesk“. Anhand der Fälle von fünf durch Security Certificates betroffenen Gefangenen, die in den letzten zehn Jahren zusammengerechnet um die 30 Jahre im Gefängnis verbracht haben, dokumentiert der Film die Auswirkungen des „War on Terror“ auf menschliche Schicksale und die steigende Diskrepanz zwischen Sicherheit und Freiheit in Kanada. Le prix des mots (Silence Is Gold). Dokumentarfilm von Julien Fréchette (2012). Fréchette schildert das als „kafkaesk“-bezeichnete Gerichtsverfahren der kanadischen Minenunternehmen Barrick Gold und Banro gegen den Autor Alain Deneault und seinen Verleger Éditions Écosociété. Deneaults Buch, Noir Canada, warf Fragen über kontroverse Geschäftsmethoden der kanadischen Minenunternehmen in Afrika auf. Neue Auflagen des Buches wurden nach dem Prozess verboten. The Metamorphosis of Mr. Samsa. Animierter Kurzfilm von Caroline Leaf (1977). Selbstverständlich findet Kafka auch in der literarischen Rezeption ein vielfältiges Echo. Als Beispiele für produktive Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Werk Kafkas seien hier Patrice Martins Roman Kafkas Hat (2008) und Margaret Atwoods Essay „The Writings of Franz Kafka“ (1959) erwähnt. In einem Interview mit BBC Radio 3 ( Link) reflektierte die Autorin am 11. Mai 2015 über ihr frühes Essay und drei Prager Reisen, die ihr einen Zugang zu Kafka verliehen. Kafka-Atlas In der Kunstszene: Nocturnal Metamorphosis. Interaktive Installation von Amanda White und Riaz Mehmood. Nuit Blanche Kunstfestival (Toronto, 2012). Das Projekt untersucht die Grenze zwischen der realen und der digitalen Welt und knüpft Verbindungen zwischen den Erlebnissen von Menschen und anderen nachtaktiven Organismen. Mit ihrer Insekten Licht- und Tonschau verweisen die Künstler auf Kafka. Ein berühmtes Vancouver Café wurde nach Kafka benannt: Kafka’s Coffee & Tea (kafkascoffee.ca) dient auch als Ausstellungsplatz für Kunstwerke junger Matamorphosis-Ausstellung Nuit Blanche Kanadier. Im akademischen Bereich Die Frage, ob eine kanadische Germanistik selbständig und unabhängig von einer Nordamerikanischen existiert, bleibt offen und ungelöst. Jedoch können die kanadischen Kafka-Studien nicht außerhalb ihres nordamerikanischen Kontextes betrachtet werden. Professoren an kanadischen Bildungsinstitutionen haben oft einen US- oder deutschen Universitätsabschluss, oder sind großteils deutsche oder US- Staatsbürger. Kanadische Akademiker sind ihrerseits an amerikanischen Universitäten tätig. Darüber hinaus haben Wissenschaftler auf beiden Seiten der Grenze die gleichen Förderungsinstitutionen für ihre Forschungen und die akademischen Foren, in denen ihre Arbeit präsentiert werden, sind ebenfalls dieselben. Viele der Tagungen und Konferenzen rotieren zwischen Kanada und den USA. Demnach wäre eine Unterscheidung zwischen einer kanadischen und einer US- amerikanischen Kafka-Forschung ungenau und willkürlich. In folgendem Überblick wird kanadische Kafka-Forschung als die bezeichnet, die an kanadischen Institutionen betrieben wird, unabhängig von der Staatsangehörigkeit und des Abschlusses des Wissenschaftlers. Ausgewählte Veröffentlichungen: Bruce, Iris: ‚A Frosty Hall of Mirrors’: Father Knows Best in Franz Kafka and Nadine Gordimer. In: Linda Feldman & Diana Orendi (Hg.): Evolving Jewish Identities in German Culture. London 2000, S. 95-116. Bruce, Iris: Elements of Jewish Folklore in Kafka’s Metamorphosis. In: Stanley Corngold (Hg.): Franz Kafka: The Metamorphosis. Norton Critical Edition. New York 1996, S.107-25. Bruce, Iris: Jewish Education: Borderline and Counterdiscourses in Kafka. In: Mark H. Gelber (Hg.): Kafka, Zionism, and Beyond. Tübingen 2004, S.107-145. Kafka-Atlas Bruce, Iris: Kafka and Cultural Zionism: Dates in Palestine. Madison 2007. Bruce, Iris: Kafka and popular Culture. In: Julian Preece (Hg.): The Cambridge Companion to Kafka. Cambridge 2002, S. 242-46. Bruce, Iris: Mysterious Illnesses of Human Commodities in Woody Allen and Franz Kafka: Zelig. In: Charles L.P. Silet (Hg.): The Films of Woody Allen. Critical Essays. Maryland 2006, S. 171-97. Bruce, Iris: Of Devils and Demons and Absent Talmudists: Franz Kafka’s Struggle with Philosophical Antisemitism in Hans Blüher’s ‚Secessio Judaica’. In: Alain Goldschläger & Clive Thomson (Hg.): Le Discours scientifique comme porteur de préjugés? / Scientif Discourse as Prejudice-Carrier. University of Western Ontario 1998, S. 181-200. Bruce, Iris: Transatlantic Solitudes: Canadian-Jewish and German-Jewish
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