Abdelkader UN Religious Freedom November2020
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Islamophobia and Religious Intolerance: Threats to Global Peace and Harmonious Co-Existence
Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies (QIJIS) Volume 8, Number 2, 2020 DOI : 10.21043/qijis.v8i2.6811 ISLAMOPHOBIA AND RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE: THREATS TO GLOBAL PEACE AND HARMONIOUS CO-EXISTENCE Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Jabi-Abuja, Nigeria Consultant, FARKAZ Technologies & Education Consulting Int’l, Ijebu-Ode [email protected] Abstract Recent events show that there are heightened fear, hostilities, prejudices and discriminations associated with religion in virtually every part of the world. It becomes almost impossible to watch news daily without scenes of religious intolerance and violence with dire consequences for societal peace. This paper examines the trends, causes and implications of Islamophobia and religious intolerance for global peace and harmonious co-existence. It relies on content analysis of secondary sources of data. It notes that fear and hatred associated with Islām and persecution of Muslims is the fallout of religious intolerance as reflected in most melee and growingverbal attacks, trends anti-Muslim of far-right hatred,or right-wing racism, extremists xenophobia,. It revealsanti-Sharī’ah that Islamophobia policies, high-profile and religious terrorist intolerance attacks, have and loss of lives, wanton destruction of property, violation led to proliferation of attacks on Muslims, incessant of Muslims’ fundamental rights and freedom, rising fear of insecurity, and distrust between Muslims and QIJIS, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2020 257 Kazeem Oluwaseun DAUDA The paper concludes that escalating Islamophobic attacks and religious intolerance globally hadnon-Muslims. constituted a serious threat to world peace and harmonious co-existence. Relevant resolutions in curbing rising trends of Islamophobia and religious intolerance are suggested. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE 2017 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 26–811 PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana TRENT FRANKS, Arizona TODD YOUNG, Indiana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota GARY PETERS, Michigan TED LIEU, California ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed ELYSE B. -
Detecting Islamophobic Content on Social Media by Heena Khan A
Language Agnostic Model: Detecting Islamophobic Content on Social Media By Heena Khan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Computer Science Middle Tennessee State University May 2021 Thesis Committee: Dr. Joshua Phillips Dr. Cen Li Dr. Sal Barbosa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my primary supervisor, Dr. Joshua Phillips, who guided me throughout this project. I would also like to thank my friends Luis Chunga, who supported me and offered deep insight into the study and Rituraj Pandey, who helped me during the process of retrieving data from Twitter. I would like to thank my annotators for their effort and time. ii ABSTRACT Islamophobia or anti-Muslim racism is one dominant yet neglected form of racism in our current day. The last few years have seen a tremendous increase in Islamophobic hate speech on social media throughout the world. This kind of hate speech promotes violence and discrimination against the Muslim community. Despite an abundance of literature on hate speech detection on social media, there are very few papers on Islamophobia detection. To encourage more studies on identifying online Islamophobia we are introducing the first public dataset for the classification of Islamophobic content on social media. Past work has focused on first building word embeddings in the target language which limits its application to new languages. We use the Google Neural Machine Translator (NMT) to identify and translate Non-English text to English to make the system language agnostic. We can therefore use already available pre-trained word embeddings, instead of training our models and word embeddings in different languages. -
The Chinese Dream
January 2014 x ` 100 The Chinese Dream PEOPLE FEATURE FIRST PERSON China’s NGO Dam issue: China’s A Lion Dancer Sector: A Reality Concern and is not a Disney or an Illusion? India’s Fear Character www.icec-council.org Vol 1, Issue 8, January 2014 WHOSE DREAM IS IT ANYWAY..? EDITOR-IN-CHIEF This century has seen countries increasingly focusing on the Mohammed Saqib projection of benign country images. Such images are critical not only EXECUTIVE EDITOR for gaining access to new markets but also for building partnerships Urmila Rao IRUDGGUHVVLQJPXWXDOEHQH¿WVDQGFRQFHUQV Joseph Nye, an eminent International Relation Scholar, describes EDITORIAL BOARD Mani Shankar Aiyar Soft Power as ‘the ability of a nation to structure a situation so P.S. Deodhar WKDW RWKHU QDWLRQV GHYHORS SUHIHUHQFH RU GH¿QH WKHLU LQWHUHVW LQ Dilip Cherian ways consistent with one’s nation’. Soft Power is ultimately to be Amir Ullah Khan measured in terms of global public sentiments expressing attraction Chen Si (China) towards, and a desire to emulate, a state and its people. Thus, it is EDITORIAL TEAM much more than just admiration for the pace of economic growth Irfan Alam and modernization. Shawahiq Siddiqui Namrata Hasija Hence, the craving of China to shift attention from economic high Sreemoti Sengupta to utilizing Soft Power in emphasizing its growing position. Just like Vinny Sachdeva major Western countries, China is trying to garner positive popular Garima Arora sentiment through cultural diplomacy. DESIGN However, in the case of China, unlike other countries, the Manoj Raikwar attempt of leaning on Soft Power is viewed as governmental Public OWNED, PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY Relations (PR). -
The Uyghurs of China: a Genocide in the Making
The Uyghurs of China: A Genocide in the Making Tracking the Stages of Genocide Henrietta Störig International Relations Dept. of Global Political Studies Bachelor programme – IR103L 15 credits thesis Spring 2020 Supervisor: Erika Svedberg Henrietta Störig 980123-T029 Malmö University Abstract Recent reports on the forced sterilization of Uyghur women in the People’s Republic of China prompted experts to recognize the on-going situation as genocide. The aim of this thesis is to examine the different events that constitute the current genocide of the Uyghur nation in China, what led to it, and how it is likely to further develop. Based on Stanton’s 10 Stages of Genocide, a simple historical process research is conducted to analyse the causes and stages of the Uyghur genocide, and to make predictions regarding the ensuing stages and international intervention. By applying the theory of constructivism to the analysis, it becomes evident that genocide is a process that is produced by the social, economic, and political international structure, which renders many prevention measures ineffective. The thesis concludes that only immediate international intervention and prosecution of the perpetrator on the count of genocide conspiracy can prevent the irreversible destruction of the Uyghur nation. (Word count: 13 991) Henrietta Störig 980123-T029 Malmö University Table of Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 II. Literature Review ............................................................................................................... -
Journal of Contemporary China
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA Article Index By Subject Matter Vol. 6, No. 14, January 1997 – Vol. 30, No. 129, May 2021 Table of Contents Art and Literature • Financial Crisis • Chinese Art, Music, Literature, • Financial institutions Television, and Cinema • Financial markets Culture • Monetary policy • Culture / Traditional Culture • Fiscal policy Developmental Studies Foreign Relations • Development • China-Africa Relations • China-Australia Relations Economics • China-East Asia Relations • Agriculture • China-EU, Europe Relations • Business • China-General Foreign Relations • Economy/ Chinese Economy • China – India Relations • Economic and Financial Reform • China – Japan Relations • Entrepreneurs • China - Middle East / Central Asia • Enterprise Relations • Foreign Trade • China – North and South American • Real Estate / Construction Relations Rights (Property, Intellectual • • China - North and South Korea Property) Relations Rising China • • China – Pakistan Relations State-Owned Enterprises • • China – Periphery Relations • Taxes • China – Russia Relations Education • China – South East Asia Relations • College / University • China – United States Relations • Education • Cross-Boundary Rivers Government Energy • Central-Local Government Relations • Governance Environment • Climate Change • Local Elections • Environment / Pollution • Local Governments • Natural Resources • National People’s Congress (NPC) • Provincial Governments/ Financial System Intergovernmental Relations • Finance • Risk Management • Rule of Law Internationalization -
Tweeting Islamophobia: Islamophobic Hate Speech Amongst Followers of UK Political Parties on Twitter
Tweeting Islamophobia: Islamophobic hate speech amongst followers of UK political parties on Twitter Bertram Vidgen Wolfson College, University of Oxford Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of DPhil in Information, Communication and the Social Sciences in the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford Supervisors Dr Taha Yasseri (Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute) Prof Helen Margetts OBE (Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute) January 2019 Words: 99,609 Bertram Vidgen Tweeting Islamophobia Acknowledgments I always thought that writing the Acknowledgments would be tricky – Who should I include? How can I express my gratitude in so few words? What specifically should I thank everyone for? But it turns out my concerns were misplaced. Although many people have been incredibly helpful, writing these acknowledgments has been very easy. I would like to express genuine gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Taha Yasseri and Prof. Helen Margetts OBE, for your help, support and insights, and for your roles in my academic development. It has been a privilege working with you, and through your supervision I have learnt more than I ever anticipated when I started my PhD. Taha, you have provided incredible and incisive input across all of the methods, analysis and interpretation – the computational aspect of this work would simply not be possible without you. Helen, you have helped to mould this PhD and drive the theoretical arguments. Your critical insights and ability to identify the real value in any analysis are second to none. I appreciate all of the time you have each put in to this project, and I sincerely look forward to working with both of you in the future. -
Xinjiang Documentation Project
Xinjiang Documentation Project School of Public Policy and Global Affairs Institute of Asian Research University of British Columbia An annotated compilation of published reports on conditions in Xinjiang today. Prepared for the IAR: [email protected] 30 September 2018 Table of Contents • What is happening? (pp. 2-25) • How is this happening? (pp. 26-34) • “Counter-Terrorism” as business (pp. 35-37) • China: From denial to justification to more surveillance (pp. 38-41) • What has been done? (pp. 42-47) • Lived experience under the “War on Terror” (pp. 48-57) • More resources (pp. 58) What is happening? The materials listed here document the gradual escalation of state control in Xinjiang, Northwest China. From demolition of mosques and passport recall beginning in 2015, to today’s mandatory biodata collections, hi-tech surveillance, and mass re-education camps incarcerating Muslim minorities, the Chinese state has used the “terror” discourse to designate Uyghurs as a biopolitical threat. Researchers have identified scale and locations of some camps. The estimated numbers of the incarcerated could be as many as one million. May 13, 2015 Chinese police order Yining residents to hand in passports in latest crackdown Amnesty International says passport seizures in restive far west are part of wider curb on freedom of movement of ethnic Uighurs From <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/13/chinese-police-demand-passports- crackdown-rights> Dec 30, 2015 Holding the fate of families in its hands, China controls refugees abroad How Beijing is infiltrating and intimidating Uighur exile communities, from the Americas to Europe to Australia. From <https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/china-uighur/> Mar 6, 2016 Learning Party-speak: What the New Textbook for Dislocated Minority Students Tells us about China At boarding schools for Xinjiang minority students in Inner China, a recently published textbook provides rare insight into the Party-state’s indoctrination program. -
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University of Reading Pakistan’s Alliance Making with People’s Republic of China From 1990-2010: Challenges and Counter-Measures Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics and International Relations Safdar Hussain April 2018 Abstract This empirical research sets out to explore the complex domestic dynamics that shape Pakistan’s contemporary alliance making with China. The study examines the actual and potential domestic political challenges to the endurance of Pakistan-China alliance. The research also aims to assess Pakistani security elites’ efforts and strategies to overcome those challenges. The leading approaches in international politics that seek to explain the logic of external alliances – Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism – do not elucidate Pakistan-China alliance in depth. While there is an inordinate amount of literature concerning the Pakistan-China relations, the literature on maintenance of this alliance is relatively scarce. Besides, scholars have neglected the way in which Pakistan has promoted its alliance with China domestically. This work aims to fill this gap in the literature. Interpreting from the perspective of Security Elite Domestic Propaganda and International Alliance (SEPIA), this study will show that while the alliance with China is essential for Pakistan to contain the military threat posed by India, such an alliance meets with overt challenges from the Pakistani society. Specifically, the Pakistani popular support for Uighur separatism and terrorist attacks against Chinese targets confront the Pakistani security elites with the need to promote the alliance on the domestic level through a robust propaganda campaign. This study, therefore, evaluates the propaganda strategies of the security elites to cultivate the Chinese alliance within the national society. -
The CNN Effect and State Violence Against Muslim Ethnic Minorities
The CNN Effect and State Violence Against Muslim Ethnic Minorities Sydni Resnick A senior thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the International Political Economy Major and Global Development Studies Minor University of Puget Sound May 10, 2021 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The emergence of new technology and mass social media has become a dominant tool for the propaganda machine which cycles baseless fringe opinions through unfettered and relentless iterations providing a false legitimacy to an alternative set of baseless facts that ultimately drives official policies. Specifically, the media is important as it molds public perception and brings global attention to international crises. International crises, such as ethnic cleansings or genocides, are widespread throughout the globe. Throughout history, genocides have been possible by the production of false narratives against specific religious or ethnic minorities. These narratives were promoted and reiterated by national leaders within a nation through the dissemination of information to control public opinion on these circumstances. In this perspective, the media and transmission of information effectuate the oppression of marginalized populations. Alternatively, the relationship between the media, public perception, and actions from leaders can affect humanitarian crises positively by focusing global public opinion and building consensus on major social injustices and human rights violations and ultimately implementing new policies. The positive and negative changes on account of the relationship between the media, public perception, and leaders impact the social, cultural, economic, and political environment for the international communities' aid and abetting in these human rights violations. Thus, it is evident how the narrative dispersed by the media and leaders impacts the lives and culture of ethnic minorities. -
2017 Annual Report .Pdf
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE 2017 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 26–811 PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana TRENT FRANKS, Arizona TODD YOUNG, Indiana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota GARY PETERS, Michigan TED LIEU, California ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed ELYSE B. -
'Terrorist' Attacks
Struve, Bastian (2019) The Chinese print media’s reporting of domestic ‘terrorist’ attacks: ideographs, social values and counter -terrorism frames. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/81331/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Chinese Print Media’s Reporting of Domestic ‘Terrorist’ Attacks : Ideographs, Social Values and Counter-Terrorism Frames Bastian Struve MRes Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social and Political Sciences College of Social Sciences September 2019 2 Abstract Following the attacks of September 11 2001 in the United States, China proclaimed its own ‘war on terror’ with the Uyghur of Xinjiang as a frontline. At the same time as ongoing US anti-terrorism efforts around the world, the Chinese government deployed repressive campaigns in one of its own troubled regions, campaigns which intensified with the riots in Urumqi in 2009. A series of high-casualty attacks since 2014 demonstrates further exacerbation of the conflict and entailed a strengthening of the counter-terrorism apparatus in the following years.