AN ORDINARY MONTHLY GENERAL MEETING OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY WILL BE HELD ON MONDAY, 3rd DECEMBER, 2018 AT 5.00 P.M. IN THE VIDYASAGAR HALL OF THE SOCIETY

MEMBERS ARE REQUESTED TO BE PRESENT Agenda

1. Confirmation of the Minutes of the Ordinary Monthly General Meeting held on 3rd September, 2018 at 5 p.m. 2. Exhibitions of presents made to the Society in September, 2018. 3. Notice of Intended Motion, if any, under Regulation 49(d). 4. Matters of current business and routine matters for disposal under Regulation 49(f). 5. Consideration of Reports and Communications from the Council as per Regulation 49(g). The General Secretary reported that in terms of the provision of By-Laws IV (6), the name of Professor Ashok Nath Basu has been duly nominated by the Council for Election as Honorary Fellow of the Society. 6. The paper on “S.K. Mitra : Father of Indian Computer” will be read by Dr. N. C. Ghosh.

(S B Chakrabarti) General Secretary The Asiatic Society 1, Park Street Kolkata 700016 Dated the 5th day of November 2018

1 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 S. K. Mitra : Father of Indian Computer N. C. Ghosh*

How India with its glorious past of scientific day computer built and then a regular, though invention and discoveries responded with the a comparatively slow, movement toward progress of the most modern tool computer is not computerization begun in India. only interesting, but also path breaking for studying Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Indian society. Bombay, The Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta The Indian Statistical Institute and its expert, and Jadavpur University were the pioneers in the Samarendra Kumar Mitra, got deeply involved field. In the days of 50s and 60s persons responsible in designing and building an analog computer. for the development of computer technology in The early 50s saw a preliminary form of a modern India were Professor P. C. Mahalanobis, Dr. Homi Bhabha, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, S.K. Mitra and several others. In 1949 Mitra was given a special fellowship to study high-speed capacity machines in Europe and America. One of the fine designs was shown and demonstrated before the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru by Professor Mitra himself, in December 1953 at Indian Statistical Institute. With this backdrop, in my talk I will elaborate some aspects of these with special emphasis on Samar Kumar Mitra as ‘Father of Indian Computer’.

Professor Mitra demonstrating India's first indigenous computer, an electronic analogue computer, to the Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, at the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta * [email protected] 2 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 OBITUARY

CONDOLENCE

With profound grief we condole the sad and sudden demise of Bijaya Kumar Satapathy, Liftman, Administration, who joined the Asiatic Society on 01.03.1984 and expired on 30.09.2018 and Sambhu Kar, Attendant, Accounts Section, who joined the Asiatic Society on 19.01.1987 and expired on 27.10.2018 . Their services to the Asiatic Society was undoubtedly remarkable. Their associations with the Asiatic Society were of immense help to their colleagues and the Society. Members of the staff, Research Fellows and Members of the Society share heartfelt sorrow with the bereaved families and pay homage to their memories.

3 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Remembering Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhian thought. The present paper tries to Is Gandhi More Relevant in question it by focusing on the stands that Gan- dhi had taken against caste both in his writings the Twenty-first century? and deeds. It does not ignore the changes that The Question of Caste in occurred in Gandhian thought on this question over time nor does it minimize the impact of Contemporary India contestation that Ambedkar developed against him on the crucial question of the erstwhile Arun Bandopadhyay* depressed or dalit castes. It even takes into account a recent evaluation that Gandhi used a Abstract ‘strategy’ on the caste question in his lifetime, his The thought and activities of Mahatma Gandhi so-called defence of qualified ‘varnasram’ at one (1869-1948) have been viewed and analysed in time and his life-long opposition to ‘untouchability’ many ways both in his life time and after, leading on the other. But the paper also pays a special to different kinds of appreciation, criticism and attention to two spectacular similarities between sometimes even hostility. Gandhi came into his- Gandhi and Ambedkar in their thoughts on caste torical prominence in India mainly in the first half in the Indian historical context. The first is that of the twentieth century, but his immediate rel- both emphasized the role of non-violence and evance continued the significance of in the rest of the ‘individual’ in their century along with respective ideo- people who lived, logical deliberations worked and even against caste. The contended him in second, and more various ways in his fundamental, simi- lifetime. The rele- larity was the impor- vance of Gandhian tance that they have thought and activi- given on the ‘socio- ties in the twenti- economic’ and ‘cul- eth century was, tural’ aspects of the therefore, more caste question at the historical than, same time in particu- strictly speaking, Courtesy https://www.thenewsminute.com lar. Whatever may ‘ideological’. There be the criticism of is an argument that some aspects of Gandhian Gandhian thought on the role of caste in Indian thought such as non-violence, decentralization society, there is no denying the fact that Gandhi’s of power, ecological awareness, and individual crusade against untouchability was an estab- fulfilment in a civilizational context are of lasting lished fact of both his personal and public life. significance, and, therefore, more relevant in the Indeed, like Ambedkar, he also identified it as twenty-first century. the crucial problem of the Indian caste question, Generally speaking, caste question is not though they differed in the method of its eradi- treated as one of such foundational aspects of cation. The apparent objective was the same, * Historical and Archaeological Secretary, The Asiatic Society, Kolkata 4 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Remembering Mahatma Gandhi

Ambedkar’s ‘annihilation’ and Gandhi’s ‘abolition’ India, where the schism between the upper and of caste in the final sense of the term. intermediate castes on the one hand and dalit The amazing aspect in the analogy of castes on the other have more often been so caste by Gandhi and Ambedkar was that both acute in some of the conflicts in recent years, realized the cultural root of it, while recognizing the relevance of Gandhian thought (along with the socio-economic reality of it. One cannot Ambedkar) variously becomes a subject to be be divorced from the other. It gives them an closely enquired into. However, the importance unusual insight on the socio-economic and of dalit issue in its socio-economic context, and cultural dynamism of caste in Indian history, of caste disparity in its cultural context is to be though their practical prescriptions differ. taken together for analysis to re-examine the real Ideologically Ambedkar was more adamant in dynamism of caste in the politics and society in his crusade against Brahmanism, while Gandhi contemporary India. The scope of explorations was more consistent in his emphasis on self- on the nuances and broader implications of realisation of the individual. Viewed from the the Gandhian thought on the caste question is, perspective of the checkered history of caste therefore, still a thing to think about in India in the related questions and conflicts in contemporary twenty-first century.

3rd Monthly Special Lecture Remembering Mahatma Gandhi will be held on 19th December 2018 at 3 p.m., Humayun Kabir Hall Speaker : Professor Bipasha Raha, Department of History, Visva-Bharati University Topic : Gandhi and Rural Reconstruction: The Issue of Village Swaraj All are cordially invited

Abstract The present talk is a preliminary attempt to study Gandhi’s perception of the Indian village. His programme for rural reconstruction is to be analyzed. His views on different aspects of rural life including agriculture, village industry, animal husbandry, transport, basic education, health and hygiene are to be probed. Gandhi’s perception of village swaraj and the ideal village is to be studied. Among the issues to be addressed are the basic principles of village swaraj, the problems of the village workers, bread labour, trusteeship, self-sufficiency, principle of co-operation, Nai Talim, agricultural development, land problem, cattle welfare, food problem and the question of diet, village industries, rural communication, village sanitation, rural health and hygiene. It is proposed to study how Gandhi believed that real fraternity and co-operation could be ensured in the village community. It is to be seen how Gandhi gave supreme importance to man.

5 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Art Appreciation

Two exquisite paintings in the Collection of the Asiatic Society

Hailey bury from which he passed out with several prizes in Arabic, Persian, Hindustani and Bengali. Arriving at Calcutta in June 1833, he had to go through the usual course of training in the Collage of Fort William, from where he carried away a prize for Sanskrit and excellent certificates for general proficiency. He commenced official life as an Assistant to the Magistrate of Jessore in 1834, and, after passing through subordinate post in Banleah and Murshidabad, rapidly rose to the rank of Magistrate at Hugli in 1836. From Hugli he was transferred to Midnapore. In march 1843 his health broke down under the arduous labours he had to got through in carrying on the Revenue Settlement of that distict. Two years’ sojourn at the Cape Comorin for a change, did not recover his health and after a few month's service in East Burdwan, he had to proceed to England on September 10th, 1845. On his return to India in November 1848, he was put in charge of the Calcutta Collectorate and of the office of Superintendent of Stationary and stamps Arther Grote: A distinguish member of the and also acting for a short time as Special Deputy Asiatic Society, held the positions (1852-55), Vice Collector in Connection with the Revenue Survey President (1856-58) and President (1859-62 and of Midnapore. He entered the Board of Revenue as again in 1865). officiating Junior Secretary, in July 1852 and soon The portrait measuring 36”X28”, looks straight after became the Senior Secretary. In March 1856, he towards the viewers. His hair is grey and he has clean was appointed Commissioner of the Nudia Division in shaven broad face. His hands are clasped in front of July 1859. His official life was one of unbroken success, him, his right arm being thrown over the back of a characterized as much by consummate tact and chair and his left passing across the body. He wears ability, as by the most kindly and considerate feeling a black coat, and a low waist coat crossed by a gold for the well-being of those placed under his control. water-chain, a white shirt and a brown tie. It was during his administration as Commissioner of Arther Grote was born at Backenham in Kent on the Nadia Division that the indigo disputes between 24th November, 1814. His father was the leading indigo planters and ryots came to a head, and it must member of a large and flourishing banking-house. be said to his honour that he never for a moment He was educated at Harrow and afterwards at forsook the side of the weak and helpless. 6 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Art Appreciation

Arther Grote joined the Asiatic Society of Bengal in The artist Laura Johnson Knight (1807-90). 1849. In the following year he was elected a member The romantic British painter Known for Circus and of the Council and early in 1852, as Joint Secretary. ballet painting. These are characterised by well- His diligence, earnest attention to the affairs of the balanced strong designs as well as experiments with Society, and great social influence with his friends various types of natural and artificial illuminations. enabled him to restore the Society then in financial He was also known as portrait paints of his times. difficulties to a healthy position. He was elected a Among his famous creations ‘Spring in Cornwell‘ is Vice-President of the Society on six different occasions housed in the Tate Gallery, London. in 1856, 57, 58, 63, 67, and 1865. Grote introduced the practice of frequently changing the Presidency of the Society. He took an active part in the negotiations which culminated in the transfer of the Society’s Natural History Museum to Government. While he was also in India, president of the Agri-Horticultural Society and of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and for a short time was Superintendent of the Botanical Garden at Sibpore. He was a man of remarkable dimension and grasp of mind and few subjects came before him in which he was not able to take the part of a master. He knew French, German, Latin, Greek, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Italian, in the first three of which he wrote with ease and elegance. Of Indian languages he had mastered Arabic, Persian, Hindustani, Hindi, Sanskrit, Bengali and Uriya making in all 16 languages. He cultivated Natural Science with a no less ardour, especially Entomology and Botany. On his retirement from India he joined the Council of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain Robert Home: A half-length portrait measuring and Ireland, and took a prominent part in the 30” x 26” painted by a pupil of Home. The head is management of the affairs of that Society. Though turned towards the right of the spectator, but the averse to authorship, he was a charming literary deep set eyes look straight. The face is clean-shave, correspondent. But he never forgot his old society. the hair is long and white. Home wears a white He watched its progress with deep interest, and cravat, a black coat, and a light waistcoat. The right frequently corresponded with its secretaries and arm is raised and crosses the body, resting on a table. leading members. Towards the end of his life he In the right hand he holds a painter's brush. was occupied in superintending the publication Robert Home, son of Robert Boyne Home, army of a memoir by Mr. Moore, of the rarer specimens surgeon, afterward of Greenlaw Castle, Berwick of Lepidoptera in W.S. Atkinson’s Collections and shire, and of Colonel Hutchinson and brother of Sir contributed a biographical notice of Atkinson by Everard Home, Robert., was for some time a pupil of way of introduction to the first volume of that work. Angelica Kauffmann, R.A., and studied art at Rome. He died in London on 4th Dec, 1886. Home exhibited portraits at the Royal Academy 7 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Art Appreciation

in the year 1770-71 and again in 1778. He went the celebrated surgeon in London and came out to to Dublin for practising as a portrait painter and practice as a Portrait painter in Madras, during Lord frequently participate in the exhibition. In 1781 he Cornwallis’s first administration ….. His son a Captain was sent from Dublin to the Royal Academy ‘Zadig in the Company’s service, but is now attached to the discovering Astarte’ which was afterwards engraved King of Oudh as equerry and European aide-de- by F. Haward. In 1789 he returned to London, and camp. Mr. Home would have been a distinguished shortly afterwards went to India. painter had he been in Europes, for he have been a Robert Home landed at Madras in 1790, there he great deal of taste and his drawing is very good and painted a portrait 7 Lord Cornwallis, which gained rapid; but it has been of course a great disadvantage him a high reputation, as did also his views in the to him to have only his own works to study., and Mysore country. Towards the end of 1792, Home he, probably, finds it necessary to paint, in glowing arrived in Calcutta and secured a large share of colours to satisfy his royal master“. After Bishop patronage. However, at the first instance he settled Hebber’s death, Home sent the widow a copy of her at Lucknow attracted by the liberality of Asaf-ud- husband’s portrait. Another copy he sent to Bishop Daula, who appointed him as his historical and College, Calcutta. portrait painter. Here Home made a great deal of At an advance age Home left the Nawab’s service, money in a short period of time. But the nawab was and spent the remainder of his days at Cawnpore. He capricious from groups even after the sketch had kept up a handsome establishment, and, until the loss been made. On this situation Home is said to have of his daughter and increasing infirmities rendered removed to Cawnpore. him averse to society, and would not exercise the In 1797 Asaf-ud-Daula died, and Home came to most extensive hospitality. He passed away in 1834. settle, in Calcutta. On 17th August he was elected a In 1797 he has sent home to England for an member of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, of which exhibition at the Royal Academy “The Reception on the 6th March, 1802 he became the Secretary. of the Mysore Princess as hostages by the Marquis In Calcutta he painted the portraits of Dr. Carey. Cornwallis” and “The death of Colonel Morehouse, On 4th Apr, 1804, he resigned from his office of at the Storming of Bangalore”. At Hampton Court Secretary. on 3rd February, 1808, he started the there is a painting by Home of The Shaw Zumeen, Society’s Collection of paintings by presenting it King of Oudh, receiving Tribute’, Presented by Sir with two big paintings of Mahabalipuram. Home Everard Home in 1828. Home made numerous was afterwards engaged by Sadat Ali on a Salary topographical drawings in India and published in of Rs. 5,000/= a year, with permission to employ his 1794 “Select Views in Mysore, the Country of Tipu leisure in private commissions. Sultan” representing scenes in the Campaigns and Bishop Heber, who visited Lucknow in October, in 1796 six views in Seringapatam, to illustrate “A 1824 write thus of Home: “I sat for my portrait to Description of Seringapatam the Capital of Tipu Mr. Home four times. He has made several portraits Sultan”. Home painted a full-length portrait of of the King, redolent of youth and radiant with Marquis Wellesley and of the Duke of Wellington diamonds, and a portrait of Sir E. Paget which he when he wash Governor of Mysore. Both portraits could not help making a resemblance . He is a good have been engraved. Home, Portraits were well artist indeed for a king of Oudh to have got hold drawn and painted, but not of surpassing interest of . He is a quiet, gentlemanly old man, brother of and many of them were engraved.

Somnath Mukherjee Isha Mahammad 8 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 From the Desk of the General Secretary

Dear Members and Well Wishers, Hope everyone of us has passed the festive season with peace and prosperity. We have already initiated a major programme of holding a yearlong lecture series on the occasion of 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The first lecture had already been delivered by Professor Suparna Gooptu, Professor, Department of History & Director, Gandhian Studies Centre, University of Calcutta, on the topic “Personality Cult or Charter of Hope? Gandhi : Study of an Icon” on 12th October, 2018 at 3 p.m. at the Humayun Kabir Hall of the Asiatic Society. The second lecture was delivered on 26.11.2018 by Professor Arun Kumar Bandyopadhyay, Historical & Archaeological Secretary of the Asiatic Society on the topic “Is Gandhi More Relevant in the Twenty-first Century? The Question of Caste in contemporary India”. In the meanwhile, a seminar was successfully organized on the occasion of 200 Years of Death Anniversary of Gerasim S. Lebedev on 14.09.2018 which was participated by a large number of eminent academicians and drama personalities like Professor Samik Bandyopadhyay, Professor Asok Mukhopadhyay, Professor Subhankar Chakraborty and others. The seminar was inaugurated by Mr. Alexey M Idamkin, Hon’ble Consul-General of the Russian Federation in Kolkata and coordinated by Professor Sisir Majumder. A small exhibition was put up in the library on the occasion of 125th years of Swami Vivekananda’s historic speech delivered at Chicago during the World Religion Congress in 1893. The Secretary, Ministry of Culture, Shri Arun Goel, IAS, visited the Asiatic Society on 22.09.2018 where the Society’s academic programmes in brief were discussed. Birthday of Sir William Jones, the Founder President of the Asiatic Society was observed on 28th September, 2018. K.K. Handiqui Memorial Lecture was delivered by Professor Dipak Kumar Sharma, Vice-Chancellor, Kumar Bhaskar Varma Sanskrit and Ancient Studies University, Nalbari, Assam at J.B. College, Jorhat, Assam. A special lecture was arranged for the school and college children on the elementary experiments in chemistry delivered by Shri Asim Basak. Two outreach programmes were organized in North East India viz., (i) seminar on the Review of VIth Schedule was organized in collaboration with the Department of History, Diphu Campus of Assam University on 16-17 November, 2018 and (ii) a National Seminar was organized on ‘Contributions of Anundoram Borooah’ in collaboration with Anundoram Borooach Institute of Language, Art and Culture (ABILAC), Guwahati, Assam,, on 22-23 November, 2018. Programme on Swachhata, Hindi Pakhwada and Ekta Diwas were organized in a befitting manner. National Seminar cum Workshop was organized on the contributions of Professor Debiprosad Chattopadhyay in Understanding Science and Society in Ancient India at the Asiatic Society on 19-20 November, 2018 in collaboration with All India People’s Science Network. A documentary film ‘Sadhak’ was screened based on the life and works of Professor Suniti Kumar Pathak, eminent Tibetologist and Buddhist Scholar on 28th November, 2018 at the Society. Members are welcomed to send suggestions and advices for the overall "Diyas" painted by students with autism development of the Asiatic Society in future.

Courtesy : Autistic Society of WB (S B Chakrabarti) General Secretary 9 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Events

Bengal’s past by critically analyzing the facts. They Comprehensive History used sources for constructing their research from across a gamut of materials from archives, journals, of Modern Bengal : 1700- literary sources, interviews etc. Hence the chapters 1950, Three Volumes – in these books will also present a historiographical outline of the researches conducted in their respec- Second Round of tive areas. Each individual has been assigned to a particular topic in which he or she has expertise. Authors’ Conference Dr. Satyabrata Chakraborty, the General Secre- tary of the Asiatic Society, Kolkata, in his welcome The conference was speech expressed happiness to note that the con- held from 23rd to 25th ference was an important programme in the life of August, 2018 at the the history of the Asiatic Society since this was one Vidyasagar Hall of the of the very few academic engagements that would Asiatic Society, Kolka- produce such a volume of history writing in such ta. The general editor short span of time. Professor Sabyasachi At the concluding session, there was a consen- Bhattacharjee graced sus that the three volumes should be brought out the occasion by say- together at a time by the end of 2019. It was further ing, “the principle we have relied upon is to identify proposed by the authors present to explore the pos- the recognized authorities in the field of specializa- sibility of a joint collaborative publication between tion who may belong to different schools, ideolo- the Asiatic Society and any of the leading publishing gies, methodological categories, etc. and to allow houses like OUP OR Primus in order to maintain the them each the freedom to formulate their view of expected quality of the Asiatic Society publications. consensus amongst scholars.” The luminaries from different fields of research have addressed various nuances, facades and dimensions of 250 years of Rapporteurs : Apalak, Sunayana, Sujata and Imran

10 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Events

Professor Sudhir Chakrabarty, eminent litterateur and Professor Suvira Jaiswal, former Professor, Centre Sahitya Akademi awardee delivered a Special Lecture on for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 18th November, 2018 at the Asiatic Society on Bangla New Delhi delivered the Dr. Biman Behari Memorial Ganer Andar Bahir. Lecture for the year 2017 on 7th September, 2018 at the Asiatic Society on Emergence of Caste and Outcastes : Historical roots of ‘Dalit’ Problem.

Professor Suparna Gooptu, Professor, Department of Professor Alok Kanti Bhaumik delivering a lecture History, & Director, Gandhian Studies Centre, University for the Research Fellows and Research Assistants at of Calcutta delivering a lecture on 12th October 2018 Humayun Kabir Hall on 10th October 2018 on Amartya on Personality Cult or Charter of Hope? Gandhi : Study Sen's Concept of Development as Freedom. of an Icon. 11 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Events

Eminent Puppet Artist of Bangladesh in the Asiatic Society.

Professor Isha Mahammad, President of the Asiatic Society, presenting Professor Monwar delivering his bouquet of flowers to his childhood friend Professor Mustafa Monwar, lecture at the Asiatic Society. Director, Educational Puppet Development Centre, Bangladesh at the Asiatic Society.

Professor Monwar visited the Asiatic Society to deliver ‘Sudha Basu Memorial Lecture for the year 2016’ on the theme “Sishu mon, Shilpokola o Puppet” at the Humayun Kabir Hall on September 20th, 2018. The lecture was followed by audio-visual presentation, relating to puppets of Bangladesh. Professor Monwar in his speech stated, “Once puppetry was the main form of folk theatre in almost every region of Bangladesh and it was the backbone of our village entertainment. We believe that we can build a platform upon the tradition of the past foundation where Bangladeshi Puppet theatre can flourish with lasting hope and effect.”

Input provided by: Shankar Mukherjee

12 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Events

Fifth K.K. Handiqui Memorial Lecture A Report The Asiatic Society instituted the K. K. Handiqui in memory of 120th birth anniversary. The Memorial Lecture in 2011 to pay deep respect distinguished Professor Dipak Kumar Sharma, to Professor Krishna Kanta Vice-Chancellor, Kumar Handiqui (1898-1982) in Bhaskar Varma Sanskrit hallowed remembrance and Ancient Studies of his great contribution University, Nalbari, Assam, in the field of Sanskrit delivered the prestigious literature, Indology and lecture on ‘Sanskrit in Indian education. The fifth Assamese Poetry’. Shrimati lecture of this year was Bineeta Dutta, President organized by the Society of the College, presided in collaboration with over the Session. Professor Jagannath Barua College (Autonomous), Nabanarayan Bandyopadhyay, member of the founded by Professor Handiqui in his birthplace Council of the Society, delivered the welcome at Jorhat, Assam, on 29th September 2018 address on behalf of the Society.

General Secretary along with the Employees, Research Fellows and Research Assistants taking Integrity Pledge to observe the Awareness Week on 29th October, 2018 at Humayun Kabir Hall

13 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 14 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Academic Programmes

November, 2018

22-23 November National Seminar on ‘Contributions of Anundoram Borooah’ in collaboration with Anundoram Borooah Institute of Language, Art and Culture (ABILAC) , Guwahati, Assam. (to be held at the ABILAC, Guwahati). 27 November Seminar on 'Rahul Sankrityayana : A Myriad-Minded Scholar' 125th Birth Anniversary Tribute. Joint-Coordinators : Shri Shyam Sundar Bhattacharya, Professor Susnata Das, Dr. Chandramalli Sengupta Vidyasagar Hall at 11 AM. 28 November Discussion and Documentary Film show Sadhak on the life and works of Suniti Kumar Pathak, eminent Indo-Tibetologist and Buddhist Scholar. Director of the Film : Madhusree Chowdhury Vidyasagar Hall, 3 PM.

December, 2018 11-12 December Two-day International Conference on ‘Role of Indian National Army (INA) : An Assessment’ Coordinator : Professor Purabi Ray Vidyasagar Hall at 11 AM.

January, 2019 5 January Vyakhyanamala Annual Commemoration of Birth Anniversary of Dr. L.P. Dr. L. P. Tessitory in collaboration with Rajasthani Pracharini Sabha. 7-8 January International Conference on ‘Religion and Region in Indian History’ Coordinators: Professor Suchandra Ghosh and Dr. Kanad Sinha Vidyasagar Hall, 11 a.m. 15 January Foundation Day Oration Speaker : Professor Amiya Kumar Bagchi. Vidyasagar Hall at 11 AM.

15 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Special Feature

The meeting with the President, The Asiatic All About Society of Japan was held in Tokyo at the lobby of the Imperial Hotel, Japan on 25th October, 2018, 日本のアジア社会 started at 10:00a.m. and continued up to 11:30 a.m. I indicated my willingness to meet him at their The Asiatic Society of Japan premises of The Asiatic Society of Japan, but his Swapan Kumar Pramanick* position was that since the place was very small, it would be inconvenient to hold such a meeting there. The meeting was held in a very cordial atmosphere and extensive exchange of information was made on both sides. Mr. Masa Matsushita, President, The Asiatic Society of Japan informed me about the activities of The Asiatic Society of Japan and of its growth and development since 1872 when the Society was established. It was established primarily at the initiative of the non-Japanese Westerners who made their endeavour to know more about the Eastern World in general and about the Japanese Society in particular. The Society developed and continued its functioning primarily as an academic body. It is a membership oriented body. The H.I.H. Crown-Prince of Japan and HIH Princeso Takamado are the Honorary members. It has four other different categories of members: Life members, Sustaining Members, Individual Members and Institutional Members. Individual Members constitute the Professor Swapan Kumar Pramanick, Vice-President, principal category. Membership is annual and the The Asiatic Society in a meeting at Tokyo with Mr. Maas Matsushita, The President, The Asiatic Society annual membership fee is 20,000 Yen. Compared to of Japan Indian standard, this is a pretty high amount but this indicated active interest in the affairs of the Society. I went to Japan in my Private capacity as a tourist. In spite of some depletion in membership over I stayed there for 11 days and toured extensively in decades, there is some spurt in membership over different parts of Japan from 17th October to 27th the last few years. To quote from the Proceedings October, after which I came back to India. of the Society for 2016, “The number of members I knew that The Asiatic Society, Kolkata is this year showed an increase in comparison with pursuing a programme of establishing contact with 2015. The total being 298, as compared with 286; other Asiatic Societies in India and abroad in order to the number of new members was slightly fewer co-ordinate their activities and establish a common at 22, as compared with 26 in 2015. Attendance at platform for all of them. Hence even going at Tokyo, I monthly meeting was uniformly high; so it is hoped contacted the President, The Asiatic Society of Japan that more new members including institutional and expressed my willingness to meet him. members, continue to be attracted to the society. Apart from the above category of members, * Vice-President, The Asiatic Society 16 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Special Feature there are institutional members. The 2016 list shows volumes and which is continuing – the Transactions the number of institutional members is 31, among constitute an invaluable source of knowledge of the whom there are colleges, universities, foreign Academic activities of The Asiatic Society of Japan. embassies situated in Japan, foreign bodies like Subscription to the Transactions is available. the Royal Asiatic Society, Universities of Cambridge, The Asiatic Society of Japan is a membership Edinburgh or Rochester or the Italian Institute of oriented autonomous body. It does not receive Oriental Studies or the Iowa State University. Such any grant from the government and is dependent Institutional membership is not just ornamental as on membership subscription and donation of they actively participate in the proceedings of the the institutional members. Its council consists of society and contribute literally for its activities. The the President, the Presidents Emeritus, three Vice President informed me that 1 million Yen was spent Presidents assigned with specific responsibilities. for the publication of the proceedings of the Society Transactions coordinator and Editor, Associate for 2016 and the entire amount, was donated by Editor, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, Programme the Chancellor of the Josai University Educational Coordinators, Librarian, Youth Secretary and five Corporation. Again, to quote from the Report of the other Council Members. Council for 2016, “The society was happily invited An analysis of the Proceedings of the Society for to hold lecture meetings twice in embassies. The the Year 2018 shows that in that year from January first was in June at the Embassy of Mexico…Then to December 12 monthly meetings were held where in December, the Ambassador of Ireland gave a people of eminence were invited for talk and they lecture…The Society also received lectures from gave their lectures on different areas. academics from overseas …The Eleventh Young In my meeting with the President, The Asiatic Scholars’ Programme took place in November with Society of Japan, I also mentioned and illustrated Scholars from USA, Mexico and Japan.” the mode of functioning of the Asiatic Society, The main academic activity of Society consists Kolkata and its activities over the last couple of years. in a) holding monthly meetings where Papers are I handed over to him copies of the last 4 monthly read and discussed; b) holding Annual General Bulletins from June to September, 2018. Mr. Masa Meetings of the members where also, apart in turn presented a copy of the Transactions, fifth from organizational activity, Papers are read and series, Vol- 9, 2017 and signed it for the President, discussed. Based on its activities, the Society’s The Asiatic Society, Kolkata. He expressed keen Transactions continue to be published each year in interest in the activities of the Asiatic Society, time for the society’s AGM. The Transactions are very Kolkata and expressed his willingness to attend rich in academic content and reflect the live interest any meeting to be held for different other Asiatic of the contributors towards the various aspects of Societies, if invited to do so. But he also mentioned Japanese Society and culture and various other the financial stringencies of his organisation and lack problems and issues, national and international. of adequate staff to carry on its activities. Whatever These are regularly published. While earlier volumes is done is being done on a voluntary basis and that are available in Reprint form starting from the Third is responsible for the current crisis of the society. Series, published in 1948 and continued up to 1985 I think that the meeting was a very fruitful in 20 volumes, the Fourth series published from 1986 one, opening possibilities for future cooperation up to 2008, published in 22 volumes and the Fifth between the two societies of these two great Series starting from 2009 up to 2016 published in 8 countries

17 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Special Feature

Two Friends, The Gold Medal and the ‘Standards’ of Scholarship Arun Bandopadhyay*

Jadunath Sarkar G. S. Sardesai The relations between two distinguished Indian Gold Medal to the value of Rs 480 to be bestowed historians of the early twentieth century, who biennially on a person who is considered to have happened to be close friends of long standing, made conspicuously important contributions have been the subject matter of discussion in some to any of the following subjects: --(1) History, (2) recent studies (Dipesh Chakrabarty, The Calling of Religion, (3) Art, (4) Archaeology, and (5) Literature, History: Sir Jadunath Sarkar and His Empire of Truth, with special reference to India, from the thirteenth New Delhi, 2015 and T. C. A. Raghavan, History century A.D. up to 1802 A.D., being the year of the Men: Jadunath Sarkar, G. S. Sardesai and Raghubir treaty of Bassein” (Yearbook of the Royal Asiatic Singh – Friendship and History in Modern India, Society of Bengal, Volume XIV,1948, p.37, included HarperCollins, forthcoming, 2019). However, an in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, ‘event’ that occurred in the Asiatic Society in 1957- Volume XIV, Part I). Dr. Law also gave a sum of Rs 475 58, involving the two friends, Jadunath and Sardesai, for making a die, and a further sum of Rs 480 to meet over the award of a Gold Medal, its antecedent the cost of the first and initial award of the medal. and subsequent developments, and a unique The first recipient of the Gold Medal in 1947 was deliberation over the ‘standard’ of scholarship Sir S.S. Panduranga Pissurlenkar, while the second, sounds equally interesting. If not on truth, it third, fourth and fifth recipients respectively for raises also distinctive questions on the changing 1949, 1951,1953 and 1955 were Hari Ram Gupta, ‘standards’ and inclination of scholarship. Kalikaranjan Quanungo, Ashirbadilal Srivastava and The event was connected to the sixth award of O.C. Gangoly. The award was instituted and biennially Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold Medal in the Asiatic Society given when Sir Jadunath was very much active. in 1957. It was instituted in 1947 with a handsome In 1957, a powerful committee comprising donation of Dr. Bimalachurn Law, the President, of Dr. B.C. Law, Professor H.L. Chopra, Dr. S. K. De, “Rs 8000 in 3% G.P. Notes for the institution of a Dr. Niharranjan Ray, Professor N. K. Sinha, Mr. O.C.

* Historical and Archaeological Secretary, The Asiatic Society, Kolkata 18 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Special Feature

Gangoly, Mr. K. M. Moitra and Justice Nirmalkumar during the interval you would like to hear a few Sen, among others, recommended the name of Dr. words from our veteran scholar and historian of G. S. Sardesai as the recipient of the Medal for the international fame, Sir Jadunath Sarkar.” (Ibid., p.5) year, which the Council later approved. However, Sir Jadunath Sarkar rose amidst applause and on 24 January 1958 Sardesai wrote the following said: letter* to Sir Jadunath: “Friends, I have already told you that Dr. G.S. “A letter no. 124 dated 21st Inst. from the Sardesai, the recipient of Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold Secretary of the Asiatic Society, Park Street, Calcutta Medal for this year is my old friend and colleague. 16, requests me to come there to receive the Sir He is now of 93 years of age whereas I myself am Jadunath Sarkar Gold Medal on 3rd February, next, in my 88th year. (Laughter) We began our studies or in the case of my inability to come in person, at a time when the difficulties of such studies had depute someone to receive the medal on my behalf. been many and stupendous. It is only our sincerity “I am now so much deteriorated in health and of purpose and devotion to the work and career strength that I can do no useful work in life hereafter that we chose for ourselves that sustained us in our and even in personal matters I cannot do without arduous labours throughout all these long years. outside help .” For my work, I have travelled over the whole of the Interesting things happened on 3 February 1958 country and have delved deep into the archives, at the Asiatic Society when Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold public and private. My enthusiasm for such work Medal was delivered to Sardesai (see Yearbook of at time created displeasure among the authorities the Asiatic Society for 1957, Volume XXIV, Calcutta: concerned. I do not say that such an atmosphere is The Asiatic Society, 1958, p.3). Smt. Padmaja Naidu, congenial to scholars, but it prevailed in our days and the then Governor of West Bengal, was absent and we had to work under many limitations. For myself, I it was given by the President who then reported, can now look back with gratification for the immense “The Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold Medal has been benefit derived from such painstaking searches. I awarded to the veteran historian Dr. G. S. Sardesai would advise the younger generation of scholars to for his valuable original contribution to the medieval be imbued with the same sincerity of purpose and history of India” (Ibid., p.4). He handed over the thoroughness in investigations that characterized Medal to Sir Jadunath Sarkar and requested him the earlier generation. I note with some misgivings to forward the same to Dr. G.S. Sardesai with the that nowadays persons, who were academically fitted Society’s hearty congratulations. Amidst cheers, Sir do not usually go in for researches, either in arts or Jadunath accepted the Medal and said that he had in sciences, as career in other spheres offer better great pleasure to receiving the same on behalf of his emoluments and greater ease and comfort. Such a old friend and veteran colleague, Dr. G.S. Sardesai. condition is likely to prove detrimental to the cause The President then observed, “On behalf of the of advanced studies and researches. These conditions Society, I have much pleasure in congratulating should change but at the same time I cannot but the scholars who have been awarded medals emphasise that votaries of science and humanities this evening. They are all eminent persons and should not be so worldly-minded.” (Ibid., p.5) their names are to be added to the distinguished However, what is more interesting, Jadunath company of such scholars as have been the then went on from his personal and more general recipients of similar honours in the past.” (Ibid., p. 4). comments on scholarship to the more specific Then a strange thing happened. The scrutineers observations on historical and Indological studies. were yet to come “with the Report regarding the He said: elections”. Hence the President added: “I am sure “In our country there is, again, a great handicap 19 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Special Feature

to historical researches as many of the important It thus appears that the 1958 Annual Meeting source materials are not available in translations and of the Asiatic Society was a unique occasion for have to be read in originals. The source materials more than one reason. Sir Jadunath died on 19 of Indian history are in a variety of languages like May 1958, and the February meeting of the Society Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and regional vernaculars, was one of the last occasions where he spoke on not to speak of the materials supplied by the foreign the past, present and future of the standards of writers in Greek, Latin, Chinese, Tibetan, Portuguese, scholarship. As Sardesai also passed away on 29 etc. Few students, engaged in historical studies November 1959, it was his last chance to receive are expected to have a knowledge of language or Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold Medal, and particularly languages and hence their works are hampered from the hand of Sir Jadunath himself. But most to a great extent because of lack of translations important of all, it suggests that Jadunath Sarkar’s of important source materials. This is a handicap life-long pre-occupation was not only for the search peculiar in this country, and I would request the of truth in historical scholarship in a peculiar way of Asiatic Society, which has contributed so much his own (‘Empire of Truth’) as has argued so forcefully to Indological studies in the country, to try to recently, he was equally, if not more, concerned remove this handicap in modern research. Indian about the ‘standards’ of scholarship, and the ‘tools’ Universities, the fountain heads of all research for reaching the truth which happen to be an issue activities in the country, have also to do much in for generations of scholars to come. this direction. (applause)” (Ibid., p.5). *I acknowledge the kind attention to this letter that Dr. T.C. A. Raghavan has drawn to my notice.

Legendary Contributions of Sir Jadunath Sarkar to the publications of the Asiatic Society

50% Discount for the Members of the Asiatic Society 20 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Space for Research Fellow

How to Write History of Science? Re-examining ‘Internal’ and ‘External’ Factors in the Understanding of History and Philosophy of Science Sujata Banerjee*

“Philosophy of science without history of science serve as primary and the external factors as secondary is empty; history of science without philosophy of in the explanatory framework of the History and science is blind.”1 This famous quote by Imre Lakatos, Philosophy of Science? Second, as an extension of the (paraphrased from Immanuel Kant’s famous dictum) same logic, are internal factors in such studies truly which encapsulates in its entirety the importance autonomous? Finally, can we go so far to conclude that of history to philosophy and vice versa in the “external history is irrelevant for the understanding of understanding of science and its development. As (the history and philosophy of) science.” Lakatos has argued, philosophy of science provides I partly agree with the view of Lakatos that normative methodologies in terms of which the “internal (factor) is primary”2 in explaining the historian reconstructs ‘internal history’ and, thereby, developments in the history of science but I would provides a rational explanation for the growth of nevertheless like to add that the subject is not objective knowledge. Most importantly, Lakatos merely confined to the thought, work and likes of argues that any rational reconstruction of history scientists alone; hence internal may not be the first needs to be supplemented by an empirical (socio- door to be opened while writing the history of the psychological) ‘external history’. Further, he emphasises scientific process, progress or propagation. that some of the crucial problems faced by external Giere in his well-known article cites the example history of science may be solved or formulated by its of Herbert Feigl and his remarks at the Minnesota internal history. Three questions are immediately in conference. He spoke about the difference between order from this formulation. First, do internal factors the ‘historico-sociological’ development of science (discovery) and the ‘logico-methodological’ *Research Fellow, The Asiatic Society. reconstruction of the scientific claims (justification). 21 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Space for Research Fellow

He maintains that a good historian of science must on any study of the relations between the history devote a great deal of attention to the meaning and and philosophy of science. Important divisions justification of scientific knowledge claims. Hence, to within philosophy of science should be made by Feigl, external history of science has a very important problems and not by methods, the main problem role to play while writing the history and philosophy areas being such as (a) the structure of knowledge, of science.3 It may appear to some that justification especially theoretical knowledge (b) the validation of claims in the disciplinary development of science of knowledge claims, and (c) the strategy and tactics is purely an internal matter, as such claims and of research (methodology in a narrow sense). Giere contestations are to be viewed from the extant is of the opinion that history has little bearing parameters of the subject. However, when seen when we talk about theories. But the meaning more deeply and critically, it will appear that the of what constitutes a ‘theory’ may change, and ‘justification’ of scientific change and its explanations therefore, the scientist may have to look at some can only be complete with the external explanations temporal developments or external developments of events, institutions and developments: how to understand, what really is the meaning of a they are and as they are. Meanings change over particular theory at a particular time! But as the time and without the historical knowledge of history in the textbooks are short and considered the dynamics related to the progression of this bad history, the scientist really does not need to change, the ‘meaning’ of any phrase or word used understand the historical nuances of the progression in scientific experimentation and explanation would of the meaning of the word (etymologically).5 be impossible to comprehend. It can be called a Giere, as I have understood him, is saying that different kind of linguistic turn in the historiography ‘theory is what theory does’ and the history of it is of science. If we only understand the ‘phenomenon’4 unnecessary. I am not sure if I agree with Giere on taking from the work of Kant, with our modern this very contrite opinion of what he considers bad sensibilities as expanded from Kant, then it will be history. Any kind of history writing cannot definitely reduced to historical fallacy or whiggism. In order be considered as bad history, unless of course the to rid a historical account from any kind of biases progression of events is completely out of touch connected to our understanding of ‘modernity’ with evidentiary proof on the field or the subject. and biases in our linguistic knowledge, we need ‘Philosophical thesis cannot be completely a to provide a socio-historical or socio-psychological priori’ and in the same way meanings cannot be account of the past. static. Paradigm shifts happen even in the laboratory Mary Hesse in her Hermeticism and Historiography: when live experiments take place. Thomas Kuhn’s An Apology for the Internal History of Science talks use of the term paradigm shift in a dual meaning about how it is impossible for the historian to (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962) in the distinguish between the internal and the external history of science has a strong internal association factors. Rationality of these ideas are questioned if of the discipline. In order to understand such shifts, distinction is to be made. The phrase “the rationale however, a proper historical outline of events reconstruction of science” is impossible unless both encompassing both internal and external should the internal and external history of it is combined, be made, but at the same time the speculative and philosophy is the judge. Rationality depends on should be separated from the factual. This gives the person’s sensibilities and his own conceptions clarity in the deductions of the information that we (Kant). have at our disposal. Questions concerning strategy Ronald. N. Giere puts forward an alternative view and tactics in scientific research may be viewed in on the philosophy of science and its implications two quite different ways – taking from Karl Popper 22 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Space for Research Fellow and Imre Lakatos. Giere writes, history of science we need to study the external ones. The scientist’s does play an essential role and does not act merely ideas are shaped by the environment around her/ as examples. To my understanding, Giere tries to him, and in order to understand this idea we need develop connections between scientific accounts to study the broader social and cultural environment. of rationality, and real science from the view point While writing the history of science, one should, of contemporary science. The second way is to view therefore, take both the external and internal factors it through an empirical enquiry. In this regard, Giere into consideration, in order to understand and give argues further that History of Science can really have a clear comprehension of a particular scientific a direct input in the Philosophy of Science. He says opinion or development. History as such is by far that the history could be useful in determining the the most important component while developing a patterns of theoretical formations and in turn could fruitful contribution on the History and Philosophy point at the usefulness of one theory against the of Science. other. But then again, it is absolutely necessary to treat history of science and the philosophy of science Notes as a combination or as an integrated tool. The importance of scientific decisions is a choice 1 Imre Lakatos, History of Science and Its Rational between ‘ways of doing science’ and between Reconstructions, PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, ‘traditions’ or ‘paradigms'. This statement is very true Springer, 1970, pp. 91-136. and the ways of doing science, if properly analysed, 2 Ibid. would lead to a more complete version of the truth. 3 Ronald. N. Giere, “History and Philosophy of Science: The ways of doing science is really generated from Intimate Relationship or Marriage of Convenience? the preconceptions that a scientist works with and Review of the Historical and Philosophical these preconceptions are formed with the knowledge Perspectives of Science, Minnesota Studies in the that (s)he has acquired. This acquired knowledge is a Philosophy of Science, 5” by R. H. Stuewer, in the The part of her/his culture forms the core of the scientific British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 24, No. achievements. The internal and external factors in the 3 (Sep., 1973), Oxford University Press, pp. 282-297. 4 Immanuel Kant, “Critique of Pure Reason”, Translated history and philosophy of science are combined to by J.M.D.Meikeljohn, London, and Immanuel Kant, form what has been called scientific culture. “Critique of Pure Reason”, Translated by Norman In order to understand the hidden and extended Kemp Smith, Lightning Source Incorporated, 2008. meanings and implications of the internal factors, 5 Ibid.

23 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 New Book from Reader's Choice

Rethinking Tribe themselves not uniformly. Even tribal elites hang in Indian Context: up between the issues of local and global. So, tribal Realities, Issues & identity is being questioned by other non-tribal Challenges; Bid- neighbouring ethnic groups. But unfortunately, they han Kanti Das, are influenced by greater political powers. As a result, and Rajat Kanti they are treated as the mere objects of understanding Das (eds.); Rawat for providing material development in terms of their Publication; India; backwardness. Therefore, comprehensive tribal 2017. i-xiv+230 development remains untouched. At this juncture pages, ISBN 978- there is a need to rethink the term ‘tribe’ by all who 81-316-0817-3; are associated with this terminology. So far incorrect Rs.640/- perception about the term leads to take up wrong Conflicts strategies for tribal welfare. Though defining the around tribal concept of tribe is problematic, a closer revision existence are not must be needed by the academician and the policy new in India. At present, Indian tribes are facing makers. Considering the importance of rethinking diverse economic, social and political situations. the concept of tribe, the term should be looked as a Some tribal groups are entrenched in the primordial distinct category. economies, whereas, some tribal groups are Under this backdrop an attempt has been made serving in administrative services with other non- to review this edited volume published under the tribal counterparts. It is considered that tribes are publishing house of Rawat Publication. The book marginalized, deprived and disadvantaged groups under review was published in 2017 under the of India. Many a time they are used as mode of editorships of Bidhan Kanti Das and Rajat Kanti Das exploitation in their newly changing economic entitling the volume as Rethinking Tribe in Indian categories. In most of the situations they are even Context: Realities, Issues & Challenges. The volume unable to retain their territorial integrity and under review is a collection of 14 research articles distinct cultural identity, which used to be seen as on various Indian tribal issues. Intelligently these distinct attribute of tribe. They are now not merely collections of articles are divided into six chapters. territorially confined in some patches of geographical The first chapter is compiled with four articles areas, but ubiquitous all over the world for various conceptualizing and contextualizing tribes in the purposes, for instance in search of jobs or even Indian situation. In his paper ‘Contextualising Indian in academic research activities. Modernization in Tribes: Some Common Attributes’, Rajat Kanti Das the form of urbanization, better communication sees tribe not as a homogenous category since they and increasing opportunities, these are the prime manifest wide range of cultural diversity. According factors of these transformations. Tribes are studied to the author tribes always try to construct their more often through locally in small groups, which regional histories and territorial integrity with are considered as principle of tribal research from regional references. He defines that changes in which all deviances are judged and analyzed. Tribal tribal occupation may not signify changes in cultural voices are seen against broader political organization capacity. He again argues that in many situations striking their socio-cultural autonomy. It has been tribes consciously attempt to glorify their cultural seen that influence of greater political framework tradition, which is to manifest ‘traditionalism’. This on tribal cultural system is everyday affair. At present may be their strategy of ethnic ideological formation. in Indian context, it is seen that all tribes manifest On the other hand, they engage in conflict ridden 24 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 New Book from Reader's Choice acts by involving in extremist activities with Maoists. a mechanism to protect their cultural existence and The author later concludes that the entire tribal identity. Here, the author nicely documents how strategy of involving into conflicting situations to Lepchas have been carefully using their traditional revolt against the policies concerning their welfare. cultural traits during representation against dam Samir Kumar Das in his article ‘Conceptualising the construction. Context: ‘Tribes’ of North Bengal’, presents claims The third chapter of the book is based on of certain communities whose identity as tribe was mainstream development in relation with tribals. problematic according to the author and he also In this part, Arun D. Paul in his paper ‘The Need portrays instances of repeated denials and rejection for Promoting Indigenous Indicators to Tribal of their claims of tribe. However, his article reflects Development: A Case Study of the Paniyan Tribe from not much about tribe. In his article ‘Application Kerala’, opines that in spite of several government and Distortion of Indigeneity as an Expression of policies and programmes for the tribals of India, Tribe’, Rajat Kanti Das argues that the concept of they are still lagging behind. Most of the time their indigeneity is connected with the questions of development is based on Human Development Index political and legal representation. So, he is in favour (HDI), this mechanism of development is problematic of more anthropological work at the regional level for them. Based on the fieldwork experiences on where indigenous people has been shaped by other Paniyan tribe of Kerala, the author collected data on population. Rajatsubhra Mukhopadhyay in his the living condition of Paniyan tribe and he finds that article On‘ the Question of Inequality in Tribal Social they are the most deprived tribe out of the 35 tribal Formation’, says that the concept of tribe is in crisis communities of Kerala. Santanu Panda and Abhijit as an ‘ideal’ form of homogenous social organization. Guha in their article ‘Towards Demarginalisation of According to the author tribes of India are both in the Lodhas in West Bengal: A Study in the Assessment its ‘traditional’ and ‘transitional’ phases. He also of the Impact of Development Efforts by the State’, observes that tribes of India are victims of inequality study on the Lodha community from the perspective and stratification. of the Lodha development. Though earlier they were The second chapter of the book is composed with considered as ‘Criminal Tribe’, at present they have regional focuses on tribal identity formation. In the been able to attract anthropologists, administrators, article Politics‘ of Identity and Growing Tribalism in media persons and social activists to work on them. the Darjeeling Hills’, Swatasiddha Sarkar argues that Authors find that large amount of fund is not regularly tribal identity formation is related with power and utilized by the government. As a result of that Lodha questions of dominance. He also establishes his idea development is under a big question. bound on the issues of ethnic revivalism and growing The fourth chapter of the volume is on Indian tribalism of Darjeeling district. Author identifies the forests in relation with Tribals. Pradeep Kumar problem of creation of separate development board Mishra in his paper ‘Forest Policies and Tribal for few other communities who are already declared Livelihood: An Organisational Perspective’, deals as tribe. He concludes that questions of ethnic with the forest policies of India from organizational revivalism and tribalism need further exploration. perspective. He tries to give historical account of Jayanta Madhab Tamuly in his paper ‘The Teesta Indian forest policies with their changes. According Warriors: A Study Focusing on the Cultural Dimensions to him, till now organizational perspective has not of the Emerging Lepcha Identity in the Backdrop of the considered adequately in the study of Indian forest Anti-Dam Movement in Sikkim’, presents the Lepcha policies. He shows in his study that how from the movement against the dam construction on Teesta organizational point of view forest department river. The author attempts to see the movement as converted tribal informal economy into formal 25 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 New Book from Reader's Choice

economy. He also finds that tribal identity is often an Ex-‘Criminal Tribe’ of India and the Present-Day perceived during implementation of forest policies Gypsies of Europe: Weaving History and Spinning Tales by the government forest organization. So, more on the Boundaries of ‘Civilisation’’, shows that how studies on tribal identity must be encouraged. In the Criminal Tribe Act XXVII (CTA) of 1871 was introduced. article Making‘ Forest Dwellers Deprived: Examining As a result of this Act, all tribal and forest communities Implementation Process of Forest Rights Act, 2006 in were labelled as hereditary criminals. His study on India’, Bidhan Kanti Das closely observes the Forest Nat community, who was also labelled as a Criminal Rights Act, 2006. The author suggests that during Tribe, finds that they are treated as ‘untouchable framing of forest rules, provisions of the Act should castes’. Rajanita Das Purkayastha’s paper titled properly be considered by the bureaucrats. He also ‘Tribal Entrepreneurial Growth: Drawing Comparative shows disagreement on the policy of the forest Inferences from Malaysia and India’, focuses on department regarding conservation of forest without the tribal entrepreneurships of Malaysia and India. human intervention. He later criticized this forest According to her, entrepreneurship is prerequisite conservation model in the context of tribals of India. for inclusive development. Her comparative study For most of the Indian tribes, forest comes under or between indigenous people of both the countries, near to their natural habitation. finds that indigenous peoples of India depend on The fifth part of the book is based on governance forest without having business motive and are in relation with tribals. Dayabati Roy in her article not enterprising. On the other hand, Malaysian ‘Tribe, Political Party and Local Self-Government: An counterparts show growing entrepreneurship. Ethnography on the Santals in Rural West Bengal’, This book is an excellent composition of rich talks about Santal participation in Panchayati Raj academic writings. Editors of this book have Institution (PRI). She discusses about the provision of efficiently compiled good numbers of writings based democratic decentralization in the form of reservation on the tribal issues and challenges of India. They in PRI. She suggests that the operational definition have nicely introduced the themes of the book in of tribe is not appropriate in present day. So her the beginning which was prerequisite of a good suggestion is to redefine the definition of tribe. edited volume. All the academic writings of this book Dipannita Chakraborty in her paper ‘Conceptualising were wisely categorized and arranged thematically Tribal Autonomous Rule in Tripura: A Study with by the editors. It is also worth mentioning that the Reference to Tripura Tribal Area Autonomous District title of this book was rightly decided justifying the Council as Seen From a Historical Perspective’, tries contents of all the research articles of the book. to see problems of tribals by assessing functions of These collective efforts have finally made this book the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council a comprehensive set of volume on the issues related (TTAADC). She attempts to see that the nature of to the tribe in Indian context. Definitely the research autonomy exists among the tribes of Tripura. Not only contributions of this book have made this book a these, she investigates issues related to the tribal land brilliant anthology on Indian tribes. It is expected that alienation, social customs, economic development, this book will be beneficial to the future researchers primary education. While doing so she concentrates of tribal studies. on Padmbil Block of Tripura through case studies. The last chapter of the volume is on tribal Subhamay Kisku emerging areas of future research. Subir Rana’s article Department of Anthropology ‘Salvaging a Common Descent and Lineage Between University of Calcutta

26 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Books accessioned during the last month

100 Note at end of chapters. Note and reference at end of B 863 p ISBN: 978-0-415-83478-0: chapters. (76966) (18.517) Broadbent, Alex £ 34.99 (pbk.) ISBN : 978-0-415-72339-8: Philosophy for graduate £ 95.00 (hbk.) students: metaphysics and epis- R.R. temology/Alex Broadbent.-New 194 York, London: Routledge, 2016. D 291 C 201.76332 xi, 164p. ; 24 cm. The Cambridge Desecartes laxi- K 17 r Further reading and notes con/edited by Lawrence No- Kaplan, Jeffrey, 1954-. at of chapters.(76967) (18.5.17) tan -New York: Cambridge Radical religion and vio- Bibliography: p. 155-159. University Press, 2016. lence: theory and case studies/ ISBN : 978-1-138-93050-6: xviii, 788 p. : ill.; 26 cm. Jeffrey Kaplan.- London, New £ 24.99 (pbk) (76819)(29.3.17) York: Routledge 2016. Chronology at preliminary xiv, 423 p: ill.; 25 cm.- 181.07 pages (Routledge studies in extrem- I 82 t Futher reading at end of ism and democracy; 31) (76986) Islamic philosophy and chapters. (22.5.17) occidental phenomenology ISBN: 978-0-521-19352-8: Note and reference at end on the perennial issue of micro- £ 110.00 (hbk.) of chapters. cosm and macrocorm/edited by ISBN: 978-0-415-81414-0: Anna- Teresa Trymieneckad.- 200.95496 £ 95.00 (hbk) Dordrecht: Springer 2006. R 382 s xvii, 295 p.; ill.; 25cm. -(Is- Religion and modernity in the lamic Philosophy and Occiden- Himalaya/edited by Megan 291 tal Phenomenology in Dialogue; Adamson Sijapati and Jessica T 841 w v.2) Vantine Birkenholtz .-London, Trivedi, Priya Ranjan Collected papers of three New York: Routledge, 2016. World religions/ Priya Ran- symposims. (76767) (17.3.17) x, 191 p.; ill., maps; 25 gan Trivadi:- New Delhi: Text Nots and references at end cm. (Routledge Contemporary Book Promotion Society of In- of chapters. South Asia series; 106). dia, 2016. ISBN: 1-4020-4114-41: ‘This volume originated dur- vii, 416p.; 23 cm (77045) E 159.95 (hbk) ing a conversation in 2010 at the (21.6.17) Annual Conference on South Bibliography: p 406-410. 190.9034 Asia in Madison, Wisconsin, ISBN: 978-81-930548-2-6: N 741 c about what we considered to Rs. 1250.00(hbk) The nineteenth century philoso- be a lacuna in the literature on phy reader/edited by Ben- religion (our shared disciplinary No Lending jamin D. Corwe - London, New home) in the Himalaya region 294.3 York: Routledge, 2016. (our shared region of research B 927 p xvi, 372.; 25 cm. focus)’: Acknowledgments. The Buddhist world/edited by 27 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 John Powers.- London, New Rs. 5495.00 from Ramayana, Mahabharata, York: Routledge, 2016. Bhayabuta, Kathasarit-sagara, xxi, 678 p.: ill., facsims; Hitopadesha, Panchatantra, 26 cm.(The Routledge World). 294.33783448 Odyssey. Arabian Night and (76962) (18.5.17) E 56 w Aesop’s Fables, forms of former Reference at end of chapters. Engelmajer, Pascale births, Reigning Kings, places ISBN: 978-0-415-61044-5: Women in Pali Buddhism: referred, repeated titles, stories £ 158.00 (hbk.) walking the spiritual paths in retold, important occasions/ mutual dependence/Pascale Supriya Roy.- Calcutta: Maha Engelmajer.- London, New Bodhi 2016. 294.3 York: Routledge, 2015. xx, 236p., plates:ill.; 22 cm. E 36 b xviii 137 p.: ill.; 25 cm. – (76856) (3.4.17) Rev. ed (Routledge critical studies in Appendix: p 172-236. Eitel Ernest J. Buddhism) (76963) (18.5.17) ISBN: 978-93-84721-44-2: Buddhism its historical the- Substantially based on au- Rs. 450.00 (hbk) oretical and popular aspects/ thor’s thesis (Ph. D- University Ernest J. Eitel- 1st rev. ed.- of Bristol, 2010). Gurgaon: Shubhi Publications Notes at end of chapters. 294.391095496 2015. Bibliography: p120-131. L 657 b vi, 111 p.; 22 cm. ISBN: 978-0-415-62994-2: Leve, Lauren Contents three lectures. £ 90.00 (hbk.) The Buddhist art of living First two lectures delivered in Nepal: ethical practice and in Hong-Kong in the course of religious reform/Lauren Leve.- the winter 1870-71. 294.3422 London, New York: Routledge, Seconded, 1873. B 927 r 2017. ‘Works by Dr. E.J. Eitel’: p Buddhist perspectives on free ix, 267 p.; 25cm- (Routledge 108. (77042) (21.6.17) will: agentless agency?/ Ed- Critcal Studies in Buddism). ISBN: 81-8290-138-3: ited by Rick Repetti.- London, Note at end of chapters. Rs. 495.00 (hbk) New York: Routledge, 2017. Reference: p. 243-260. xxv, 213p.; 25 cm.- ISBN: 978-0-415-61734-5: (Routledge, Studies in Asian £ 95.00 (hbk.) 294.3071 Religion and Philosophy; 18). T 253 l Notes and reference at end Teaching Buddhism: new in- of chapter. 294.3925 sights on understanding and ISBN: 978-1-138-95034-4: £ T 822 t presenting the traditions/edited 90.00 (hbk.) Tribe, Anthony by Todd Lewis, ²and³ Gary De Tantric Buddhist practice Angelis; - New York: O.U.P., 294.382325 in India: Vitasavajra’s com- 2017. R 888 j mentary on the Manjusri – xxx, 4000p. ; 25 cm (Teach- Roy, Supriya namasamgiti: a critical edition ing Religious Studies) (76968) Jatakas and similar fables: and annotated translation of (18.5.187) Jatakas and resembling fables chapters 1-5 with introductions/ Bibliography and notes at from other famous ancient Anthony Tribe.– London, New end of chapters literatures: key words: Select York: Routledge, 2016. ISBN: 978-0-19-937-309-3: Jatakas and resembling Fables xiv, 438p.: ill. 28 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 25cm.–(Routledge Studies in Rs 1100.00 (hbk) Major writings of Sister Tantric traditions).(76965) Nivedita: p. 213. (18.5.17) 294.50905 Select bibliography: p. 215- Initial version of this book H 662 h 217 was submitted for examination Hinduism in the modern ISBN: 978-93-84082-93-2: as a doctoral thesis. world/ edited by Brian A. Rs. 1450.00(hbk) Pali verses with English Hatcher.- New York, London: translations Routledge, 2016 . 297.246 Note at end of chapters. xvii, 322 p.: ill; maps; 24 cm.- S 454 q Appendices: p. 374-405. (Religions in the Modern world). Segovia, Carlos A., 1970- Bibliography: p. 410-405. (76981) (19.5.17) The Quranic Noah and the ISBN: 978-1-138-65093-0: Bibliography, note end sug- making of the Islamic prophet: £ 90.00 (hbk.) gested reading at end of chap- a study of intertextuality and ters. religious identity formation in 294.4 ISBN: 978-0-415-83604-3: late antiquity/Carlos A. Sego- B 174 e £ 25.99(pbk) via.- Berlin, Boston: Walter de Balcerowicz, Piotr Gruyter, 2015. Early asceticism in India: 294.5514 xvi, 154 p.; 24 cm.-(Judaism, Ajivikism and Jainism/Piotr T 582 t Christianity and Islam- Tension Balcerowicz.- London, New Tamalsina, Sthaneshwar,1965-. Transmission, Transforma- York: Routledge, 2016. Tantric visuals culture: a cog- tions; v. 4) iii, 362 p.: ill. fascisms; 25 nitive approach/ Sthaneshwar Notes: p. 118-124. cm.- (Routledge Advances in Timalsina.- London, New York Bibliography : p. 124-137. Jaina Studies; 6). : Routledge, 2015. ISBN: 978-3-11-040349-7: Abbrevialtions and Bibliog- xiii, 178.: ill.; 24 cm.- £ 99.95 (hbk) raphy: p. 328-352. (Routledge Studies in Tantric ISBN: 978- 1-138-84713-2: traditions) R.R £ 95.00 (hbk.) Note at end of chapters. 303.610202 Bibliography: p. 150-169. S 129 c ISBN: 978-1-138-81284-0: The Sage Handbook of resist- 294.4 £ 90.00 (hbk) ance/edited by David Courpss- J 25 p son and Steven Vallas.- New Jain, Jagdish Prasad Delhi: Sage reference, 2016. Perspectives in Jainism/Jag- 294.555 xiv, 516 p. ill.; 26 cm (76958) dish Prasad Jain.- New Delhi: N 734 i (16.5.17) Kaveri Books, 2017. Nivedita, Sister, 1867-1911. Note and references at end xiii, 291p.; 23 cm (77041) ²Works Selections³ of chapters. (21.6.17) An idealist in India: selected ISBN: 978-1-4739-0643-3: ‘This volume evaluates the writings and speeches of Sister £ 120.00 (hbk) major dimensions of Jainism Nivedita/ Amiya P. Sen.- Delhi: and highlights the relevance Printers Books, 2016. 303.66 of Jain principles in the 21st xi, 225p.; 24 cm (76808) N 149 s century. (29.3.17) Nagle, John, 1971-. Note at end of chapters. Biographical timeline: p Social movements in violent- ISBN : 978-81-7479-165-8: 207-211 ly divided societies: constructing 29 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 conflict and peacebuilding/John ISBN: 978-1-138-90294-7: International environment. Nagle.- London, New York: £ 36.99 (pbk) ISBN: 978-981-3100-39-8: Routledge, 2016. $. 895.00 (set of 3 vols.) viii, 190p.: ill.; 24 cm.- R.R. 332.408991411 (Routledge Advances in Sociol- 330.03 R 313 s ogy; 173) (76989) (22.5.17) S 129 W Reddy, Movindri Bibliography and notes at v. 1-4 Social movements and end of chapters. The Sage Encyclopedia of the Indian diaspora/Movindri ISBN: 928-1-138-86009-4: Economics and society/Fred- Reddy.- London, New York: £ 90.00 (hbk) erick F. Wherry, editor; Juliet Routledge, 2016. Schor, consulting editor.- Los xvi, 207p. : ill.; 25cm.- 306.071 Angeles, New Delhi: Saga Pub- (Routledge Contemporary L 848 i lications, 2015. South Asia series; 104 ) (76985) ed.3 4 v.; 29 cm. (19.5.17) Longhurst, Brian, 1956- Further readings at end of Notes at end of chapters . Introducing cultural stud- chapters Bibliography: p. 181-197. ies/ Brian Longhurst ... ²et. Content: V.1. A-C. V.2. ISBN: 978-1-138-90063-9: al.³.- 3rd ed.- London, New York: D-I. V.3. J-R. V.4. S- Z & Index £ 95.00 (hbk) Routledge 2017. (76815-76818) (29.3.17) xxvi9, 461 p. :ill ; 25 cm. ISBN: 9781452226439: 333.910095414 (76990) (22.5.17) $. 650.00 (set of 4 vols.) G 427 s First ed. :²S.L³: Prentice Ghosh, Manojit Hall, 1999. 330.951 Sustainability, water use- Further reading at end of E 19 a and economic incentives: a case chapters. V. 1-3 for greater Kolkata/ Manojit Bibliography: p. 403-440. The Economics of China and Ghosh.- Calcutta: Firma KLM., ISBN: 978-1-138-91572-5: India: co-operation and 2016. £ 29.99 (pbk) conflict/ editors: Manmohan 271 p: ill maps; 22 cm. Agarwal, Jing Wang ²and³ John (76926) (10.4.17) 306.7 Whalley.- New Jersey, Madras: Appendix at end of some N 529 a World Scientific, 2017. chapters. ed 3 3v. (xxix, 387; xx, 294; xxiv, Bibliography: p. 255-271. Fischer, Nancy 257); 25cm. ISBN: 81-7102-182-4: Introducing the new sexual- References at end of chap- Rs. 500.00 (hbk) ity studies /Nancy L. Fischer ters and Steven Seidman.- 3rd ed.- Contents: V.1. China and 362.8400899544 London, New York: Routledge India: the International con- G 976 s 2016. text and Economic growth, Gupta, Rakhi xv,701 p.; 25 cm (76984) manufacturing performance Social welfare in back-word (19.5.17) and rural development – V.2. castes: expenditure and scheme: Revised edition of Introduc- Competitiveness, external co- /Authors: Rakhi Gupta ²and³ ing the New Sexuality Studies, operation strategy and Income Rajeshwari Mathur.- Jaipur: 2011. distribution: changes in China Literacy Circle, 2015. Bibliography, notes and – V.3 Economic growth, em- ix, 208 p. ; 24 cm. (76198) references at end of chapters. ployment and inclusivity: the (3.6.15) 30 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Bibliography: p. 202-208. (76797) (28.3.17) ISBN: 978-1-107-53441-4: ISBN: 978-93-81951-78-1: Bibliography: p. 297-326. £ 14.99 (pbk) Rs 995.00 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-61451-554-8: R.R. € 129.95 700.95957 371.3340202 A 792 l S 129 h R. R. Art hats in renaissance city: re- ed. 2 569.9 flections and aspirations The Sage handbook of E- C 178 r of four generations of art per- learning research/edited by V.1-3 sonalities/editor: Rence Lee.- Caroline Haythornthwaite ²et. The Cambridge world pro- Singapore: World Scientific al.³.– 2nd. ed. – New Delhi: Sage history/edited by Colin Ren- Publishing, 2015. reference, 2016. frew ²and³ Paul Bahn. xiv, 338p., colored plates: ill. xxvi, 579 p.: ill; 26 cm. ²Rep. ed.³- New York: Cam- (some col.), facsims 24 cm. (76820) (29.3.17) bridge University Press, 2014. Foreword by: Professor Tom- Note and references at end 3v. (xiv, 2049. p.): ill. maps; my Koh: Jacket. of chapters. 29 cm. (76810-76812) (29.3.17) ISBN: 978-981-4630-77-1: ISBN: 978-1-4739-0232-9: First published, 2012. $ 98.00 (hbk) £ 110.00 (hbk) References at end of chap- ters. 701.03 401.93 Contents: V.1. Africa, South A 652 a B 595 n and Southeast Asia and Pacific.- Approaching the ancient arti- Bilingualism across life span: v.2. East Asia and the Americas fact: representation, narra- factors moderating: language V.3. West and Control Asia and tive, and function: a festschrift proficiency/edited by Elena Europe. in Honor of H. Alan Shapiro/ Nicladis and Simona Mon- ISBN: 978-0-521-11993-1: edited by Amalia Avramidou tanari: - Berlin, Germany: De £ 489.00 (Set of 3 vols) and Denise Demetriou.- Berlin, Gruyter Mouton; Washinglon, Boston: Walter de Gruyter, DC: American Psychological 700.1 2014. Association, 2016. W 864 n xxv, 590 p., coloured plates: viii, 351 p,: ill ; 25cm.- (Lan- ed. 2. rep ill. ; 25 cm. - (76792)(28.3.17) guage and the human life span Wollheim, Richard, 1923-2003. C.H., Alan Shapiro: Bibliog- series.) (76809) (29.3.17) Art and its object: with six raphy: p. xix –xxv. Reference at end of chapters. supplementary essays/ Richard Bibliography: p. 483-537. ISBN: 978-3-11-034044-0 : Wollheim.- Cambridge Philoso- ISBN: 978-3-11-030873-0: £ 99.00 (hbk) phy Classics ed. – Cambridge: £ 145.95 (hbk) Cambridge University Press, 410.151 2015. D 179 L xv, 183 p.; 23 cm. (76813) 809.9112 Danesi, Marcel, 1946-. (29.3.17) R 165 l Language and mathematics: First published: ²S.L³: Harp- Ramanathan, Geetha an interdisplinary guide / Mar- er & Row, 1968. Locating gender in modern- cel Danesi.- Boston, Berlin: De Second edition: Cambridge ism/Geetha Ramanathan.- 1st Gruyter Mouton, 2016. Cambridge University Press, paperbook ed. – London, New xii, 332 p: ill; 24 cm. – (Lan- 1980. York: Routledge, 2012. guage Intersections; V. 1). Bibliography: p. 162- 183. viii, 204p. ;23cm.-(Routledge 31 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018 Studies in Twentieth Century Sengoopta.- Delhi: O.U.P., 2016. 954.014 Literature; 25) (76987) (22.5.17) xi, 418p.; 23 cm. (76789) S 774 s First published: ²S.L.³: (28.3.17) Srivastava, Prashant, 1964-. Routledge, 2012. Notes at end of chapters. The successors of the Mau- Notes: p 165-184. ISBN: 0-19-946475-8: ryas (circa 187 BC- 319 AD): Bibliography: p. 185-199. Rs. 995.00(hbk) a political history based on ISBN: 978-1-138-65662-8: coins and inscriptions/Prashant £ 24.99 (pbk) 930.10954 Srivastava. – Delhi: Agam Kala P 917 p Prakashan, 2017. 809.9145 V.1-2 xii, 235p.; 23 cm. (77044) R 759 n Pratna Bharatam: glory of Ar- (21.6.17) Romanticism and philosophy: chaeology, Art Epigraphy and Appendix: p. 159-200. thinking with literature/edited protection of cultural heritage: Select bibliography: p. 201- by Sophie Laniel – Musitelli and Dr. Phanikanta Mishra felici- 219. Thomas Constantinesco.- New tation volume/editors: Jeeban ISBN: 978-81-7320-173-8: York , London: Routledge, 2015. Kumar Patnaik ²and³ Noor Rs. 950.00 (hbk) x, 264 p.: ill; 24 cm.- Bano Satter.- New Dehi: Kaveri (Routledge Studies in Roman- Books, 2016. 954.03 ticism; 21) (76970) (18.5.17) cxxiv, 562 p., coloured T 367 e Notes and works citied at plates: ill (some col.), facsims Tharoor, Shashi end of chapters. (some col.), maps (some col.); An era of darkness: the ISBN: 978-1-138-80550-7 : 29 cm. (77038-77039) (21.6.17) British empire in India/Shashi £ 90.00 (hbk) Facsims on plates. Tharoor.- New Delhi; Aleph Bibliography, notes and Book, 2016 907.2 references at end of chapters. xxvi, 33p.: ill., 23 cm (76922) A 161o ISBN: 978-81-7479-191-7: (6.4.17) ed. 2 Rs. 7995.00 (set of 2 vols.) Maps on linning paper. Abrams, Lynn Notes and reference: p. 295- Oral history theory/Lynn 954.01 325. Abrams.- 2 nd. ed.- London, New A 946 i ISBN: 978-93-83064-65-6: York: Routledge, 2016. ed-2 Rs. 699.00 (hbk) xi, 238p.; 24 cm. Avari, Burjor First ed.: [ S.L.] Routledge, 2010 India: the ancient past: a 954.017 Notes : p. 198-224. history of the Indian subcon- G 724 m Guide to furher reading: p. tinent from c 7000 BCE to CE Goyal, Shankar, 1959- 225-231. 1200/Burjar Avasi.- 2nd ed. – The ‘Medieval’ factor and ISBN: 978-7-138-90539-9: London New York: Routledge, the age of Harsha: a cultural 24.99 (pbk.) 2016. study/ Shankar Goyal.- Jodh- xxii, 332p. : ill., maps; 24 cm. pur: Kusumanjali Book, 2016. 927.78530954 First ed.: ²S.L³: Routledge xxii, 209 p.; 23 cm. (77043) R 888 s 2007. (21.6.17) Sengupta, Chandak Notes at end of chapters. Bibliography: p. 197-206. The Rays before Satya- Bibliography: p 310-323. ISBN: jit: creativity and modernity ISBN: 978-1-138-82821-6: Rs. 540.00 (hbk) in colonicel India/Chandak £ 27.99 (pbk) 32 MONTHLY BULLETIN DECEMBER 2018