Animal Diversity

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Animal Diversity The aim of this module is to provide an overview of the diversity of animal life: to look at the evolutionary relationships between animals, to classify the major animal groupings, and to examine links between form, function, ecological niche and biogeography . Students are expected to become familiar with the specimens on display in the Cole Museum of Zoology and in the teaching collection and to be able to identify animals from across taxa. WHO OR WHAT ARE YOU? A) Look at the groups listed below. Which are you in, along with starfish, wasps, cod, pandas and all the animals listed on the right ? Bilateria Myxozoa Cnidaria Ctenophora Placozoa Porifera D) Which of the animals below is not a bilaterian? B) What animal is this? C) What is this odd-looking marine animal? Scientific naming of animals (Linnaean taxonomy). Zoologists need to learn the scientific names and classifications of animals. Every recognized species is given a two-part scientific name, a generic name and a specific name. The generic name groups a number of animals together, e.g. Mus domesticus and Mus dunni are both mice but different species. These names allow zoologists throughout the world to communicate unambiguously about a) Autolytus pachycerus ; b) Smilisca phaeota ; c) Palomina animal species since there are sets of international rules about how to name prasina . animals. This system was first developed in the 18 th century by Carolus Linnaeaus. It classifies animals into a hierarchy, starting with Kingdoms . These are divided into Phyla (singular: Phylum ) which are divided into Classes , and Molecular phylogeny they, in turn, into Orders , Families , Genera (singular: Genus ), and Species . Early taxonomic classifications relied on shared morphological The Cole Museum of Zoology (outer form and inner structure), behavioural and physiological characters to group animals together. Today molecular techniques The Cole Museum of Zoology allow us to sequence stretches of an animal’s DNA. By comparing contains some 3500 specimens, 400 the DNA sequences of different organisms we can discover of which are arranged in 27 cases in relationships that cannot otherwise be inferred from morphology. taxonomic sequence. Students use Because genomes evolve by the gradual accumulation of mutations, museum specimens as a starting the amount of nucleotide sequence difference between a pair of point to study an animal group in genomes from different organisms should indicate how recently more detail. A CD-ROM based on those two genomes shared a common ancestor. Animals that The Cole Museum has been diverged in the recent past should have fewer differences than developed to provide in-depth animals whose common ancestor is more ancient. information and aid the learning process. Practical exams are held Students have the opportunity to Comparison of during the course where students design new cases for the Cole morphological are presented with specimens to Museum and develop temporary and molecular identify and comment on. exhibitions. classifications of chalcid wasp Answers : A: Bilateria, bilaterally symmetrical with a body cavity, mouth and anus (includes most species animals); B: A springtail, Podura aquatica (Hexapoda, Collembola); C) Holocephali, the “Chimaeras”, (Heraty, 2003) related to sharks and rays, D) A trick question, they all are; a),Annelida, b) Deuterostoma, c) Arthropoda. Photos: Steve Hopkin, Greg W. Rouse D. and M. Dimijian..

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Unexpected Diversity in Neelipleona Revealed by Molecular Phylogeny Approach (Hexapoda, Collembola)
S O I L O R G A N I S M S Volume 83 (3) 2011 pp. 383–398 ISSN: 1864-6417 Unexpected diversity in Neelipleona revealed by molecular phylogeny approach (Hexapoda, Collembola) Clément Schneider1, 3, Corinne Cruaud2 and Cyrille A. D’Haese1 1 UMR7205 CNRS, Département Systématique et Évolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP50 Entomology, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France 2 Genoscope, Centre National de Sequençage, 2 rue G. Crémieux, CP5706, 91057 Evry cedex, France 3 Corresponding author: Clément Schneider (email: [email protected]) Abstract Neelipleona are the smallest of the four Collembola orders in term of species number with 35 species described worldwide (out of around 8000 known Collembola). Despite this apparent poor diversity, Neelipleona have a worldwide repartition. The fact that the most commonly observed species, Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax minimus Willem, 1900, display cosmopolitan repartition is striking. A cladistic analysis based on 16S rDNA, COX1 and 28S rDNA D1 and D2 regions, for a broad collembolan sampling was performed. This analysis included 24 representatives of the Neelipleona genera Neelus Folsom, 1896 and Megalothorax Willem, 1900 from various regions. The interpretation of the phylogenetic pattern and number of transformations (branch length) indicates that Neelipleona are more diverse than previously thought, with probably many species yet to be discovered. These results buttress the rank of Neelipleona as a whole order instead of a Symphypleona family. Keywords: Collembola, Neelidae, Megalothorax, Neelus, COX1, 16S, 28S 1. Introduction 1.1. Brief history of Neelipleona classification The Neelidae family was established by Folsom (1896), who described Neelus murinus from Cambridge (USA).
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Redalyc.Biodiversidad De Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) En México
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Palacios-Vargas, José G. Biodiversidad de Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) en México Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 85, 2014, pp. 220-231 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42529679040 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, Supl. 85: S220-S231, 2014 220 Palacios-Vargas.- BiodiversidadDOI: 10.7550/rmb.32713 de Collembola Biodiversidad de Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) en México Biodiversity of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) in Mexico José G. Palacios-Vargas Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D. F. [email protected] Resumen. Se hace una breve evaluación de la importancia del grupo en los distintos ecosistemas. Se describen los caracteres morfológicos más distintivos, así como los biotopos donde se encuentran y su tipo de alimentación. Se hace una evaluación de la biodiversidad, encontrando que existen citados más de 700 taxa, muchos de ellos a nivel genérico, de 24 familias. Se discute su distribución geográfica por provincias biogeográficas, así como la diversidad de cada estado. Se presentan cuadros con la clasificación ecológica con ejemplos mexicanos; se indican las familias y su riqueza a nivel mundial y nacional, así como la curva acumulativa de especies mexicanas por quinquenio.
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Pennsylvania Statewide Seasonal Pool Ecosystem Classification
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This Work Is Licensed Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. SOIL ZOOLOGY, THEN AND NOW - MOSTLY THEN D. Keith McE. Kevan Department of Entomology and Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory Macdonald College Campus, McGill University 21, 111 Lakeshore Road Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Que. H9X ICO CANADA Quaestiones Entomologicae 21:371.7-472 1985 ABSTRACT Knowledge of the animals that inhabit soil remained fragmentary and virtually restricted to a few conspicuous species until the latter part of the 19th Century, despite the publication, in 1549, of the first attempt at a thesis on the subject by Georg Bauer (Agricola). Even the writings of far-seeing naturalists, like White in 1789, and Darwin in 1840, did not arouse interest in the field. It was probably P.E. Midler in 1879, who first drew particular attention to the importance of invertebrate animals generally in humus formation. Darwin's book on earthworms, and the "formation of vegetable mould", published in 1881, and Drummond's suggestions, in 1887, regarding an analgous role for termites were landmarks, but, with the exception of a few workers, like Berlese and Diem at the turn of the century, little attention was paid to other animals in the soil, save incidentally to other investigations. Russell's famous Soil Conditions and Plant Growth could say little about the soil fauna other than earthworms.
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