Dictionary of Building and Civil Engineering Dictionnaire Du Bâtiment Et Du Génie Civil About the Author
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DICTIONARY OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DICTIONNAIRE DU BÂTIMENT ET DU GÉNIE CIVIL ABOUT THE AUTHOR Don Montague is a Chartered Engineer (MICE, MIMechE) with experience in many fields of engineering, building and construction. He read Engineering Science at Oxford (MA) and then did pioneering work on machine design using the early DEUCE digital computer in the 1960s. Subsequently he worked in the public service in timber research (AJWSc), became deeply involved in environmental conservation and began a love affair with the practice of building. In 1971 he joined Ove Arup & Partners and spent his first five years with them co-ordinating multi- disciplinary building design teams. After a period running his own structural component firm he rejoined Arups and became responsible for their engineering specifications, design guides and feedback notes. He has published articles on a wide range of topics, from environmental conservation to structural components, and integrated design to maintenance of building services. He retired as Technical Director of Arups in 1991. A life-long interest in the French language and life led him and his wife to move to France, where he is now as busy as ever working for himself with local French building professionals. L’AUTEUR Don Montague est un ingénieur (MICE, MIMechE) dont l’expérience couvre de nombreux domaines du génie, du bâtiment et de la construction. Après avoir fait ses études d’ingénieur à Oxford (MA), il entreprit des travaux innovateurs sur la conception des machines en faisant appel à l’ordinateur numérique DEUCE dans les années 1960. Par la suite, il travailla dans le secteur public dans la recherche sur le bois (AJWSc). Il devint alors un fervent défenseur de la protection de l’environnement et se passionna pour le bâtiment. En 1971, il entra chez Ove Arup & Partners où il fut pendant cinq ans responsable de la coordination des équipes multidisciplinaires de conception du bâtiment. Ayant quitté Arup pour diriger sa propre société de pièces de génie civil, il entra à nouveau dans cette société en tant que responsable des cahiers des charges, des guides de conception et de l’information en retour. Il publia des articles sur de très nombreux sujets allant de la protection de l’environnement aux pièces de génie civil en passant par la conception intégrée et les services de maintenance des bâtiments. Lorsqu’il prit sa retraite en 1991, il était Directeur technique d’Arup. S’étant toujours intéressé à la langue et au mode de vie français, il vit désormais en France avec son épouse. Il est plus occupé que jamais et travaille en indépendant avec des professionnels français du bâtiment. DICTIONARY OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DICTIONNAIRE DU BÂTIMENT ET DU GÉNIE CIVIL Don Montague E & FN SPON An Imprint of Chapman & Hall London • Glasgow • Weinheim • New York • Tokyo • Melbourne • Madras Published by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK Chapman & Hall, 2–6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, UK Blackie Academic & Professional, Wester Cleddons Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2NZ, UK Chapman & Hall GmbH, Pappelallee 3, 69469 Weinheim, Germany Chapman & Hall USA, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003, USA Chapman & Hall Japan, ITP-Japan, Kyowa Building, 3F, 2–2–1 Hirakawacho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102, Japan Chapman & Hall Australia, 102 Dodds Street, South Melbourne, Victoria 3205, Australia Chapman & Hall India, R.Seshadri, 32 Second Main Road, CIT East, Madras 600 035, India First edition 1996 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1996 Don Montague ISBN 0-203-47543-7 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-78367-0 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0 419 19910 1 (Print Edition) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95–71096 CONTENTS Acknowledgements vi Remerciements vii Introduction ix Introduction xi Using this dictionary xiii Utilisation du dictionnaire xvi English/French 1 Anglais/Français 1 French/English 237 Français/Anglais 237 Appendix A: False friends 428 Appendice A: Faux amis 429 Appendix B: References 449 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No dictionary of this kind is the work of one person, and I am delighted to acknowledge the help and encouragement I have had, particularly from former colleagues at Ove Arup & Partners, Consulting Engineers. Chris Barber, Mike Bussell, Paul Craddock, Steve Dyson, Steven Groâk, Martyn Harrold, Mike Holmes, David Lush, Alain Marcetteau, Gordon Puzey, Brian Simpson, Bob Venning and others have all contributed, provided lists of words or translations from their work in the UK and France, or offered good advice or further contacts. In France I have had the pleasure of working with Christian Barreau, Yves de Bazin, Maître Gilles Cathus, Albert Cologni, Jacques Deltreil, Laurent Dupuy, Francis Framarin, Guy Lung, Maître Jacques Marie, Roger Mirabel, Laurence and René Orazzio, Roger Roccon, Maurice Teulet and André Vincent, their colleagues and staff, who have taught me a great deal of French architectural, building, legal and property terminology, in the office and on site. The Translation Service—Terminology—of the European Commission has been very helpful, allowing me to collate terms from its multilingual glossaries Roads (1978) and Construction (in draft 1995), the latter being particularly helpful in the field of health and safety at work. Cooperation with Madame Fiamozzi of this Service has been enjoyable and fruitful. I am grateful to REHVA (the Federation of European Heating and Airconditioning Associations) for allowing me to make use of technical terms from its International Dictionary of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (see Appendix B). Manufacturers’ catalogues have provided examples in their own languages, in particular Legrand SA, whose information on electrical equipment has been invaluable. Single language dictionaries and encyclopaedias have also proved very useful in the difficult task of defining meanings and selecting and discarding terms in each language. The more important works that I have referred to are listed in Appendix B. Finally, without the encouragement and support of my editors, Caroline Mallinder and Fiona Weston, and my wife Maureen, I would not have retained my sanity or ever have completed this dictionary. I offer my grateful thanks to them and everyone else who has helped, in particular at Chapman & Hall, and absolve them all for any mistranslations—these are all my own work! If you, kind readers, spot any of these errors, or can think of words that should have been included but were not, please write to me and let me know, c/o Caroline Mallinder at E & FN Spon. Don Montague Aquitaine, 1996 REMERCIEMENTS Aucun dictionnaire de ce type n’est le travail d’une seule personne et je tiens à exprimer ma gratitude pour l’aide et les encouragements que j’ai reçus, en particulier de la part d’anciens collègues à Ove Arup & Partners, Consulting Engineers. Chris Barber, Mike Bussell, Paul Craddock, Steve Dyson, Steven Groâk, Martyn Harrold, Mike Holmes, David Lush, Alain Marcetteau, Gordon Puzey, Brian Simpson, Bob Venning, et d’autres encore—tous ont contribué et fourni des listes de mots ou de traductions tirées de leurs travaux au Royaume- Uni et en France, ou m’ont donné de bons conseils et des contacts supplémentaires. En France j’avais le plaisir de travailler avec Christian Barreau, Yves de Bazin, Maître Gilles Cathus, Albert Cologni, Jacques Deltreil, Laurent Dupuy, Francis Framarin, Guy Lung, Maître Jacques Marie, Roger Mirabel, Laurence et René Orazzio, Roger Roccon, Maurice Teulet et André Vincent, aussi bien qu’avec leurs collègues et leur personnel. Ils m’ont tous enseigné de nombreux termes français dans les domaines de l’architecture, de la construction, du droit et de l’immoblier, autant au bureau que sur le terrain. Le Service de Traduction—Terminologie—de la Commission Européenne a été très obligeant, me permettant de collationner des termes dans ses glossaires multilingues Roads (1978) et Construction (à l’état d’ébauche, 1995), ce dernier ouvrage étant en particulier très utile dans le domaine de la santé et sécurité au travail. Ma coopération avec Madame Fiamozzi (de ce service) a été agréable et fructueuse. Je suis reconnaissant à REHVA (the Federation of European Heating and Airconditioning Associations) qui m’a autorisé à utiliser des termes techniques tirés de son International Dictionary of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (voir l’Appendice B). Les catalogues de fabricants ont fourni beaucoup d’exemples dans leur propre langue, en particulier Legrand SA, dont les renseignements sur l’équipement électrique ont été inestimables. Dictionnaires unilingues et encyclopédies ont aussi été très utiles dans la tâche difficile de définir les sens des mots, sélectionner et écarter certains termes dans chaque langue.