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Popular Movements and Violence in East Asia in the Nineteenth Century: Comparing the Ideological Foundations of Their Legitimation
Popular Movements and Violence in East Asia in the Nineteenth Century: Comparing the Ideological Foundations of their Legitimation Hang-seob Bae Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 17, Number 2, October 2017, pp. 233-260 (Article) Published by Duke University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/678111 [ Access provided at 6 Oct 2021 19:55 GMT with no institutional affiliation ] Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.17 No.2 © 2017 Academy of East Asian Studies. 233-260 DOI: 10.21866/esjeas.2017.17.2.006 Popular Movements and Violence in East Asia in the Nineteenth Century: Comparing the Ideological Foundations of their Legitimation Hang-seob BAE Sungkyunkwan University ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century, people in China, Korea, and Japan actively participated in popular protests. The rebellions in those countries had much in common, but one of the most striking differences is the degree of violence inflicted by these popular movements on their opponents. Chinese popular rebels were much more likely to kill or injure others than their counterparts in Korea and Japan. Such differences seem to be closely associated with the question of whether the rebel forces fought due to conflicting interests within the polity, or were seeking to build a new kingdom by pursuing a newly-risen religion while rejecting the existing ruling system and ideology that legitimized it. This paper will examine how the rebel forces based the legitimacy of their actions in relation to each country’s “political culture.” While popular movements in the West or the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were based on the idea that God was more powerful than the secular ruler, popular movements in Korea or Japan did not have a transcendent source of authority that was superior to the monarch. -
David Graham Rubem Amaral Jr
Sessions will be organized via Zoom. People will be free to attend "Road to SES Conference Coimbra" sessions, although only approved speakers will be permitted to deliver a paper (20 min. max., English only). The schedule was organized by the Organizing Committee. Sessions will be recorded and put on public display (unless the speakers withhold permission). PROGRAMME Session 1 | Thursday, 29 April, 2021 (18h Lisbon time) CHAIR: David Graham Rubem Amaral Jr. (Independent researcher): Applied emblems in the early paper- money and other old value papers in Portugal Francesco Del Sole (University of Salento): Architectural archetypes in emblematic culture between the 16th and 18th centuries Session 2 |Thursday, 27 May, 2021 (18h Lisbon time) CHAIR: Manuel Ferro Takao Kawanishi (University of Tokyo): The Study of the symbol of Holy Grail from Coimbra in Portugal to Japan Tamar Abramson (Tel Aviv University): The Donatello Code: Attis-Amorino as a Proto-Emblematic Riddle Session 3 | Thursday, 24 June, 2021 (18h Lisbon time) CHAIR: Elizabeth Black Liana Cheney (University of Massachusetts Lowell): “The Shepeard Buss”: Embroidery of Love and Sorrow Isabel Lloret (University Jaume I, Castellón): La educación militar de Don Fernando de Austria, a través de los emblemas. Session 4 | Thursday, 28 October, 2021 (18h Lisbon time) CHAIR: Simon McKeown Cezara Bobeica (University of Strasbourg): Visual and verbal strategies of occultation in Henry Peacham’s emblem book Minerva Britanna (1612) Giuditta Cirnigliaro (University Roma 3): Leonardo’s Emblems and Word-and Image Devices: A Digital Initiative Abstracts and Curricula Rubem Amaral Jr. Applied emblems in the early paper-money and other old value papers in Portugal As far as I could investigate, the United States of America and Portugal were the only countries to employ emblems/devices from emblem books in their earliest paper-money: the USA during the War of Independence (1775-1783); Portugal in the turn of the 18th to the 19th century (1797-1834). -
The Desperate Rebels of Shimabara: the Economic and Political Persecutions and the Tradition of Peasant Revolt by Jake Farias ~ ~
Volume 15 Article 7 2016 The esD perate Rebels of Shimabara: The conomicE and Political Persecutions And the Tradition of Peasant Revolt Jake A. Farias Gettysburg College Class of 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Social History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Farias, Jake A. (2016) "The eD sperate Rebels of Shimabara: The cE onomic and Political Persecutions And the Tradition of Peasant Revolt," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 15 , Article 7. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol15/iss1/7 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The esD perate Rebels of Shimabara: The conomicE and Political Persecutions And the Tradition of Peasant Revolt Abstract The himS abara Rebellion has been studied throughout history by historians of East Asia. Originally conceived by both Japanese and Western scholars as a religious revolt against the anti-Christian Tokugawa government, later scholars contended that the Rebellion was a demonstration by the mistreated and impoverished and only tacitly related to Christian influences. This paper sets out to build on that narrative and to show the connection between the Christian resistance to the Tokugawa government and the movement of impoverished and desperate peasants, pushed to the brink of existence. Furthermore, this paper hopes to explore the goals of the Rebellion and establish the Shimabara Rebellion within the context of other rebellions during the Tokugawa era. -
Round 5 2014-2015 National History Bee Varsity
ROUND 5 2015 National History Bee National Championships Round 5 - Prelims 1. In response to the growth of this group, the danka system was codified. Members of this group were burnt in straw raincoats after a successful siege of Hara castle. A practice in which icons called fumi-e were trampled was designed to identify members of this group. Members of this group were led by the teenager Amakusa Shiro in the Shimabara rebellion. For the point, name this once-persecuted Japanese religious group, which grew thanks to the activities of Francis Xavier and other Jesuits. ANSWER: Japanese Christians [or hidden Christians; or Kirishitan; prompt on "Japanese people"; prompt on "Japanese peasants"] <JB> {II} 2. During the reign of Charles VI of France, several men performing this activity while dressed in resin-soaked rags were accidentally set on fire. In a bizarre case of mass hysteria, hundreds of people compulsively performed this activity in Strasbourg during a namesake 1518 plague. A rapper sword or a longsword are sometimes used in a form of this activity known as "morris." The Black Death gave rise to an artistic motif in which skeletons engage this activity. For the point, name this activity exemplified by the minuet and the waltz. ANSWER: dancing [or dances] <JB> {II} 3. A man with this name was advised by the pope to allow marriage outside the "second degree" in the Libellus responsorium. One man of this name allied with Bertha, King Ethelbert's wife, and undertook a journey after Gregory I saw some angelic child slaves. A writer with this name described being admonished by his mother Monica after stealing some pears from a tree. -
Examining Our Christian Heritage 2
_____________________________________________________________________________________ Student Guide Examining Our Christian Heritage 2 Clergy Development Church of the Nazarene Kansas City, Missouri 816-333-7000 ext. 2468; 800-306-7651 (USA) 2004 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright ©2004 Nazarene Publishing House, Kansas City, MO USA. Created by Church of the Nazarene Clergy Development, Kansas City, MO USA. All rights reserved. All scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version (NIV). Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by the International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved. NASB: From the American Standard Bible (NASB), copyright the Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 973, 1977, 1995. Used by permission. NRSV: From the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Notice to educational providers: This is a contract. By using these materials you accept all the terms and conditions of this Agreement. This Agreement covers all Faculty Guides, Student Guides, and instructional resources included in this Module. Upon your acceptance of this Agreement, Clergy Development grants to you a nonexclusive license to use these curricular materials provided that you agree to the following: 1. Use of the Modules. • You may distribute this Module in electronic form to students or other educational providers. • You may make and distribute electronic or paper copies to students for the purpose of instruction, as long as each copy contains this Agreement and the same copyright and other proprietary notices pertaining to the Module. -
“Religion and Law in Japan”
“Religion and Law in Japan” A Brief Sketch of Japanese History, Tradition, and Cases Dedicated to Nineteenth Annual International Law and Religion Symposium at Brigham Young University October 2012 Tasuku Matsuo Attorney at law, Matsuo & Kosugi Preface I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my dearest friend, Mr Connan Grames of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints for his giving me this honorable opportunity. I truly appreciate the long-time friendship with Mr Grames, whom I have respected for his accomplishment as a lawyer and sociologist, and his dedication to his family as a father. Chapter 1 – Japanese Society and Its Traditional Faith – Animism Law and religion are an inalienable part of society. Religious values constitute central elements of societal values that form the rules, principles and institutions governing society. First of all, there is a long tradition of animism in Japan. In the Japanese worldviews, there is less distance between man and the divine. From prehistoric times, Japanese people worshiped nature as divine. They believed that natural features such as mountains, rivers, stones, and plants all had spirits and venerated those as Kami or gods, which most were seen as the sacred powers within nature. The people offered prayers to them and sought salvation from them. Typically, the core of Shintoism, an indigenous religion of Japan, is based on the worship of nature. Also, another special feature of Japanese religious culture rests on the polytheism in it. Contrary to the Western Judeo-Christian monotheistic tradition, so many different gods are enshrined in Japan, including human beings, animals, natural gods and even foreign gods, that there is a term "Yaorozu no kami", literally meaning 'eight million gods'. -
The Japanese Intepretation of the Status of Christianity in Japan Through the Use of Anime
The Passion of Christianity: the Japanese intepretation of the status of Christianity in Japan through the use of anime University of Oulu History History of Science and Ideas, undergraduate thesis 25.5.2016 Antti Petteri Vepsä TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1 1 SENGOKU PERIOD: THE AGE OF WAR...............................................................4 1.1 Ships filled with missionaries and firearms..............................................4 1.2 Demon King Nobunaga and the invisible Christianity.............................5 2 TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE: THE AGE OF ISOLATION......................................8 2.1 Period of peace and persecution...............................................................8 2.2 Heaven's messenger Amakusa Shiro and the rebellious Christianity.......9 3 POST-WAR PERIOD: THE AGE OF EQUALITY.................................................14 3.1 Modern Christian....................................................................................14 3.2 Everyman believer and the content Christianity.....................................15 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................17 BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................19 INTRODUCTION Japan has had a tumultuous history with Christianity. From the day Christianity arrived to the shores of Japan, there -
The VOC and Religion in Japan
The VOC during the Shimabara Rebellion A critical analysis of the discourse used by the VOC during the Shimabara Rebellion Arjan Hogeweg s1910345 MA Thesis Asian Studies: History, Arts, and Culture of Asia (60EC) Leiden University Dr. Kiri Paramore June 19, 2019. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 Historical Context ...................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 7 The V.O.C. and the Dutch Republic ...................................................................................... 8 The VOC and Hirado ........................................................................................................... 10 Motivations of the rebels .......................................................................................................... 19 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 19 The motivation of the peasants ............................................................................................. 20 The motivation of the Christians .......................................................................................... 23 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... -
A Novel by Shūsaku Endō
Picador Modern Classics A Special Expanded Discussion Guide About the Book • Questions and Topics for Discussion Publisher’s Note • Author Biography Recommended Further Reading Interviews on Endō’s Influence • Praise for Silence P I C A D O R Silence: A Novel By Shūsaku Endō ABOUT THE BOOK “And like the sea God was silent” (Silence, p. 72). Unsettling news out of Japan marks the opening of Shūsaku Endō’s masterwork, Silence. The year is 1635, and Church officials in Rome receive word that Father Christóvão Ferreira has apostatized under persecution by the Japanese government. How did it happen? What could have made this dedicated missionary renounce his faith? A half-century earlier, European missionaries were welcomed by Japan’s elite, many of whom converted along with thousands of peasants. More recently, however, Christianity has been outlawed, its missionaries expelled from the country, and its adherents tortured and killed for their beliefs. ISBN: 9781250082244 While many are undaunted by the prospect of persecution, “Church authorities felt reluctant to send any more priests to such a country and to a mission fraught with such peril” (p. 5). Three would-be missionaries, Fathers Francisco Garrpe, Juan de Santa Marta, and Sebastian Rodrigues, studied under Ferreira and petition to be sent, so they may learn the truth about their beloved teacher. When the Church relents two years later, the situation has only grown worse. After a bloody insurrection by Japanese Christians, “Portuguese ships were forbidden to enter the harbors of Japan” (p. 9). The 35,000 rebels— men, women, and children alike—were slaughtered. -
“Choosing the Other – Conversion to Christianity in Japan”
“Choosing the Other – Conversion to Christianity in Japan” A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2010 Ian D. Miller School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures Choosing the Other – Conversion to Christianity in Japan Table of contents Abstract 3 Declaration 4 Copyright Statement 5 Acknowledgment, note on terminology, 6 author preface Chapter 1 Introduction 7 Chapter 2 Theories of conversion 25 Chapter 3 Deviating from what? – cultural and 56 religious norms in Japan Chapter 4 Converting to what? – Christianity in Japan 99 Chapter 5 Conversion stories 132 Chapter 6 A place to feel at home 186 Appendix The interviewees 208 Bibliography 226 Word count, including footnotes and endnotes 73,959 2 Abstract Choosing the Other – Conversion to Christianity in Japan A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ian David Miller, June 2010 This thesis explores conversion to Christianity in contemporary Japan. Christianity is widely regarded as having failed to make any impact on Japanese culture, and to be a foreign body (indeed in the opinion of some an irritating foreign body) that has failed to accommodate with or indigenise itself in Japan. And yet, Japanese people continue to choose to convert to Christianity. What is the significance of this? Are people who convert those who feel excluded from mainline Japanese society, the proof of which is their affiliation with a foreign religion, or can this phenomenon of conversion be understood in a different way? This thesis suggests that it can be, and that the fact that small but significant numbers of Japanese regularly convert to Christianity means that the understanding of Christianity’s place in the Japanese religious landscape needs to be re-examined. -
Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016
Volume 15 Article 1 2016 Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Asian History Commons, European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Military History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. (2016) "Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 15 , Article 1. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol15/iss1/1 This open access complete issue is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gettysburg Historical Journal 2016 Keywords Northwest Indian War, George Washington, Federal Government, Northwest Territory, Henry Knox, Prince Clemens von Metternich, Austrian Empire, French Revolution, Colonial Pennsylvania, Native Americans, Quakers, Pennsylvania Dutch, William Penn, Pennsylvania, Classical Studies, Rome, Language, Latin, Roman History, Shimabara Rebellion, Japanese Christians, Persecution of Christians This complete issue is available in The Gettysburg Historical Journal: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol15/iss1/1 The GETTYSBURG HISTORICAL JOURNAL Volume XV Spring 2016 Gettysburg Historical Journal Volume XV ~ ~ Spring 2016 General Editors Associate Editors Melanie L. Fernandes Caitlin Connelly Ryan M. Nadeau Julia Deros Sophia D. Vayansky Jeffrey Lauck Kevin Lavery Andrew C. Nosti Brianna O'Boyle Kyle Schrader Department of History Timothy J. Shannon, Department Chair Abou Bamba, Assistant Professor Michael J. Birkner, Professor Peter S. Carmichael, Professor William D. Bowman, Professor Thomas S. -
University Microfilms, Inc.. Ann Arbor, Michigan © -Mfisaya, Ymmmmnfn 1&67
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 67—16,349 YAMAMOTO, Masaya, 1929- IMAGE-MAKERS OF JAPAN; A CASE STUDY IN THE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONARY MOVEMENT, 1859 - 1905. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1967 History, modern University Microfilms, Inc.. Ann Arbor, Michigan © -Mfisaya, Ymmmmnfn 1&67 All Rights Reserved IMAGE-MAKERS OF JAPAN: A CASE STUDY IN THE IMPACT OF THE AMERICAN PROTESTANT FOREIGN MISSIONARY MOVEMENT, 1859 - 1905 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Masaya Yamamoto, Bungakushi (B.A.), M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1967 Approved by Adviser Department of History FOREWORD We present here a study of the image of Japan in the United States created by the American Protestant foreign missionary movement up to the close of the Russo- Japanese War in 1905. Aside from diplomatic and economic relations, the American Republic's main contact with the Mikado's Empire in the nineteenth century was through the missionary movement. Since this developed on a person-to- person basis, it covered a much wider range than did any other relationships. The Christian missionary enterprise in Japan was, and still is, dominated by American churches. Almost all Christian denominations in the United States have carried on evangelistic work in Nippon. Representatives of all Christian bodies operating in the Empire periodically wrote to their home boards, and their letters and reports were printed in their respective journals. These communications created a definite image of Japan in the minds of church members in the United States.