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Сахаровские Чтения 2015 Года: Экологические Проблемы Xxi Века Sakharov Readings 2015: Environmental Problems of the Xxi Century

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Сахаровские Чтения 2015 Года: Экологические Проблемы Xxi Века Sakharov Readings 2015: Environmental Problems of the Xxi Century Министерство образования Республики Беларусь Министерство природных ресурсов и охраны окружающей среды Республики Беларусь Департамент по ликвидации последствий катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Беларусь Общественный совет Базовой организации по экологическому образованию государств-участников СНГ Учреждение образования «Международный государственный экологический университет имени А.Д.Сахарова» САХАРОВСКИЕ ЧТЕНИЯ 2015 ГОДА: ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ XXI ВЕКА SAKHAROV READINGS 2015: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY Материалы 15-й международной научной конференции 21–22 мая 2015 года г. Минск, Республика Беларусь Минск МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова 2015 УДК 504.75(043) ББК 20.18 С22 Под общей редакцией: доктора сельскохозяйственных наук, доцента С. С. Позняка; кандидата технических наук, доцента Н. А. Лысухо Рецензенты: Красовский В. И., к.т.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Мельнов С. Б., д.б.н., профессор, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Петренко С. В., к.м.н., МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Голубев А. П., д.б.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Пашинский В. А., к.т.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Головатый С. Е., д.с.-х.н., профессор, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Иванюкович В. А., к.ф-м.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Гончарова Н. В., к.б.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Лепская Н. Д., к.ф.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова; Мишаткина Т. В., к.ф.н., доцент, МГЭУ им. А.Д.Сахарова. С22 Сахаровские чтения 2015 года: экологические проблемы XXI века : материа- лы 15-й междунар. науч. конф., 21–22 мая 2015 г., г. Минск, Республика Беларусь / под ред. С. С. Позняка, Н. А. Лысухо. – Минск : , 2015. – 376 c. ISBN Сборник включает материалы докладов 15-й международной научной конференции «Сахаровские чтения 2015 года: экологические проблемы XXI века», которая проводится 21–22 мая 2015 года на базе Международного государственного экологического университета имени А.Д.Сахарова. Представленные материалы сгруппированы по следующим разделам: философские, социально-экологические и биоэтические проблемы современности; образование в интересах устойчивого развития; медицинская экология; биоэкология. Радио- биология; радиоэкология и радиационная безопасность; информационные системы и технологии в экологии и здравоохранении; региональные экологические проблемы. Экологический мониторинг и менеджмент; возобновляемые источники энергии и энер- госбережение; круглый стол «Этические аспекты биомедицины, генетики, наномедицинских технологий и экологии человека». Материалы конференции рассчитаны на широкий круг специалистов в области экологии и смежных наук, преподавателей, аспи- рантов и студентов высших и средних учреждений образования. УДК: 504.75(043) ББК 20.18 Материалы конференции изданы при поддержке Департамента по ликвидации последствий катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС Министерства по чрезвычайным ситуациям Республики Беларусь ISBN © Учреждение образования «Международный государственный экологический университет имени А.Д.Сахарова», 2015 АНДРЕЙ ДМИТРИЕВИЧ САХАРОВ (21 мая 1921–14 декабря 1989 гг.) ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ В СВЕТЕ ИДЕЙ А. Д. САХАРОВА Атрошко М. А., Лучина В. Н. Международный государственный экологический университет имени А.Д.Сахарова, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЗАДАЧ ПО ОХРАНЕ ЖИВОТНОГО И РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО МИРА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ Реализацию задач по охране растительного и животного мира можно расценивать как деятельность особого характера не только с юридической точки зрения. Нарушение целостности растительного и животного мира ве- дет как к экологическим, экономическим, так и к социальным проблемам. Нарушение состояния окружающей среды – это вред самому себе, как шаг к самоубийству. Европейские страны имеют обширную практику по предотвращению и расследованию преступлений, свя- занных с нанесением ущерба окружающей среде. Например, Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), European Environmental Bureau, Environment Agency (EA) и т.д. Цель данных организаций – раскрытие и предотвращение преступлений связанных с окружающей средой и пропаганда сохранения природы. Деятельность данных орга- низаций доступна средствам массовой информации. В нашем государстве действует Государственная инспекция охраны животного и растительного мира при Президенте Республики Беларусь (далее – Государственная инспекция). Государственная инспекция являет- ся специально уполномоченным государственным органом, осуществляющим в пределах своей компетенции государственный контроль за охраной и использованием диких животных, относящихся к объектам охоты и рыболовства, древесно-кустарниковой растительности и иных дикорастущих растений, лесного фонда, земель под дикорастущей древесно-кустарниковой растительностью (насаждениями), обеспечением рыбоводными ор- ганизациями сохранности рыбы, содержащейся в прудах этих организаций. Управление оперативного реагирования Государственной инспекции охраны животного и растительного мира является первой линией защиты от браконьеров. Подразделение специализируется на патрулировании территорий находящихся под охраной и оснащено оружием и техникой для перехвата нелегальных охотников или рыболовов. В арсенале группы снегоходы, внедорожники, моторные лодки, оружие и специальное обмундирование на любую пору года. За последние пять лет можно констатировать уменьшение правонарушений, совершаемых браконьерами. Безусловно, все указанные организации не могут предотвратить, расследовать и исправить все нарушения, однако в рамках своих государств они стараются устранить, или хотя бы минимизировать проблемы нарушения права окружающей среды, вызванные бурным ростом и развитием человечества. Atroshko M. A., Luchyna V. N. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TASKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF FLORA AND FAUNA IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS The violation of the integrity of flora and fauna is not only to environmental, economic, and social problems. The violation of the environment is harmful to himself, as a step towards suicide. European countries have an extensive practice to prevent and investigate crimes related to environmental damage. Our country has a State Inspectorate for Protection of Fauna and Flora under the President of the Republic of Belarus. Беленкова О. А. Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет, г. Уфа, Российская Федерация МЕХАНИЗМ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ ИННОВАЦИЙ Определяющим условием модернизации экономики стран СНГ, в том числе Российской Федерации и Ре- спублики Беларусь, является максимально возможная активизация инновационной деятельности во всех сферах общественного производства, но, прежде всего, в сфере их организационно-управленческих отношений. Переход экономики этих стран к инновационно ориентированному высоко технологичному производству должен осуществляться не только благодаря технологическим, но и управленческим инновациями, формирую- щимся на основе управленческой культуры. Управленческая культура социума охватывает те элементы надби- ологических социальных программ (обычаи, традиции, нравственность, религия, искусство, а также политика и право), в которых аккумулировались в процессе исторического развития трудовых отношений отдельных эт- носов культурные достижения, обладающие организационно-управленческим потенциалом. Однако, эти соци- окультурные ценности, формирующие нормативную базу производственной, социально-экономической, поли- тической и любой другой социально значимой деятельности, обеспечивающих функционирование современной техногенной цивилизации, могут реализовываться только в рамках организационно-управленческой деятельно- сти, осуществляемой государственными и социально-экономическими институтами, которые конкретизируют их применение в социальном управлении в качестве его методов и средств. Мы считаем, что управленческая культура должна рассматриваться как связующее звено между культурой общества и его социально-экономи- ческими отношениями, в рамках которых люди, используя достижения как мировой духовной культуры, так и культуры своих этносов, создают адекватный этим культурам тип цивилизации. Современной техногенной цивилизации соответствует высоко рационализированная управленческая культу- ра, стимулирующая инновационное развитие всей системы общественного производства на основе постоянно соз- даваемых инноваций, которые являются результатом взаимодействия науки, образования, производства и бизнеса. В условиях постоянно возобновляемого инновационного процесса задачи управленческой культуры определяются утверждением и предельно широким распространением в социуме тех форм управленческой культуры, которые нацеливают личность, а также общество в целом, на сохранение духовных ценностей, позволяющих обеспечить, во- первых, целостность общества и стабильность его эволюционного развития и, во-вторых, права и свободы каждого человека. Belenkova O. A. THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF MANAGERIAL INNOVATIONS The part of the management culture in the development and introduction of the managerial innovations is investigated in this article. There’re determined the purpose of the managerial innovations and there’s realization possibilities in the context of the innovative-oriented economy being formed in Russia. Болсун А. И., Лепская Н. Д. Международный государственный экологический университет имени А.Д.Сахарова, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь ПРОБЛЕМЫ УРБАНИЗАЦИИ Одна из острейших глобальных проблем современности связана с процессом урбанизации. Урбанизация – процесс повышения роли города в развитии общества – является порождением индустриализации и капитализ- ма. Она охватывает как изменения в размещении
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