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Light Industry Near Sensitive Waters

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Light Industry Near Sensitive Waters WQPN 93, September 2009 Light industry near sensitive waters Purpose Light industry is generally regarded as less intrusive than general or heavy industry. Because of this many people believe it poses less risk to the environment. Light industry includes a variety of small businesses, including manufacturing, fabrication, chemical formulation, trade and transport depots, and shops such as motor vehicle repairs, panel beaters, paint suppliers, printers, food processors, service stations and radiator repairs. These industries rarely operate with environmental works approvals or licences and as small businesses, may lack the capability to respond effectively to environmental issues. Scope This note applies to all light industrial facilities, as defined in the Town planning regulations 1967 Appendix B, schedule 1 (as amended) that are located near sensitive water resources. This note is not intended to cover cottage, extractive, general, mining, rural or service industries as defined in planning regulations, but may offer some useful guidance on potential risks to water resources and good practice. For more information on statutory requirements see Appendix B . Background Over 95 per cent of businesses in Western Australia have been classified as small (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002). Although the environmental impact by an individual business may be minimal, the cumulative impact is potentially large. All businesses, whether large or small, should accept responsibility for and manage, their environmental impacts. Light industries often have limited resources such as staff, finance and access to environmental information. When this lack of resources is combined with vulnerable settings such as high permeability of coastal sand plains and shallow groundwater, the potential contamination risk of light industry to sensitive water resources is significant. Swan-Canning industry survey 2000 Between 1997 and 1999 over 550 small to medium businesses in the Perth metropolitan area were surveyed by local government environmental health officers, Water and Rivers Commission (now the Department of Water) and Swan River Trust officers, with the majority from the automotive and engineering/manufacturing sectors. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Light industry near sensitive waters www.water.wa.gov.au Page 1 of 15 The survey identified six key aspects that contributed to the environmental risks posed by light industry in the Perth region. These were: • inappropriate chemical storage and management, including inadequate spill containment • poor waste management practices, with the quantity generated largely unknown and a lot of storage outside buildings on unsealed surfaces • inadequate wastewater treatment and disposal practices, with 50 per cent of surveyed premises not treating water before discharge, sometimes into stormwater drains • questionable stormwater management practices, with 10 per cent unaware of where their premises discharge to and 92 per cent lacking onsite treatment facilities • lack of emergency management, including emergency plans, trained staff and onsite spill clean up equipment • limited environmental knowledge, including a lack of understanding of environmental values, contamination risks and the fate of any materials deposited on-site. Overall, the survey process and resulting recommendations raised awareness of what the risks were and resulted in change among some industry owners and workers. For more information or to view the survey please visit < www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au > select Resources and publications > Swan-Canning cleanup program publications . Advice and recommendations Location 1 Light industrial sites should be located in areas which are designated for light industry by state, metropolitan and regional planning schemes, and be appropriately zoned by local government in their local planning scheme. 2 If the site is located close to a residential area, the local community should be adequately consulted on the proposed development, prior to any works commencing. 3 Light industrial facilities should not be located in areas that are prone to waterlogging or may be flooded during a 100-year return frequency storm event. This includes land which is seasonally wet, requires artificial drainage or diversion of natural watercourses, or where construction will affect sensitive waterways or wetlands. 4 The availability of adequate service infrastructure, such as electricity, gas, water supply, communications, transport access, waste disposal, recycling and sewerage services, should be assessed when selecting a potential site. 5 If clearing of native vegetation is needed to establish the light industrial site, a clearing permit should be obtained from the Department of Environment and Conservation. For more information, see the brochure Protecting Native Vegetation – New Laws for Western Australia , published by the Department of Environment and Conservation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Light industry near sensitive waters Page 2 of 12 6 Existing and legally established light industrial sites can normally remain near sensitive water resources; however, they should undertake regular environmental risk assessments and employ best environmental practice to limit the possibility of environmental harm. Within public drinking water source areas (PDWSA) These areas are proclaimed and managed to protect the quality of sources of drinking water used by the community. Public drinking water source areas and their associated management area and zone locations are available online at < www.water.wa.gov.au > select Maps, data and atlases > geographic data atlas, then highlight environment > public drinking water source areas. For information on the location of proclaimed PDWSA, see our water quality protection note 75 Proclaimed public drinking water source areas (Reference 4 ). For source protection measures and associated land use compatibility, see our water quality protection note 25 Land use compatibility in public drinking water source areas 7 Light industrial sites are incompatible within both P1 and P2 protection areas and reservoir or wellhead protection zones, as they conflict with the management objectives of risk avoidance and/or risk minimisation. These areas and zones are determined in drinking water source protection plans with community consultation. 8 Light industrial sites are normally accepted with conditions in P3 protection areas. The proponent should ensure that best environmental design, construction and operational practices are followed. 9 Where approval with conditions is given, vegetated buffers should be established from the infrastructure boundary to the top water level of any reservoirs, feeder streams and/or water source bore compounds. For more information please refer to the section on Buffers to sensitive environments . Near conservation valued wetlands 10 Facilities proposed to be established within 500 metres of any wetland should be referred to the Department of Environment and Conservation for assessment, with supporting information addressing the environmental risks. For detailed information on wetland locations, protection and management objectives, see References 3c, 5b & 5c . 11 Light industrial facilities should not be constructed within the buffer to any natural wetland with conservation values. 12 Where impact on a wetland is unavoidable, a target of no change in its function should be achieved through offsets such as the protection of a nearby equivalent wetland. This is in accordance with the Environmental Protection Authority position statement 9 Environmental offsets (EPA 2006). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Light industry near sensitive waters Page 3 of 15 Within proclaimed waterways management areas 13 Five waterways management areas have been proclaimed under the Waterways Conservation Act 1976. The establishment of light industrial sites requires written approval from this department. To seek approval for development within these areas contact this department and provide details of the proposal. For online information see < www.water.wa.gov.au > select water quality > waterways . Within the Swan River Trust management area 14 The Swan-Canning Estuary and abutting reserves are managed by the Swan River Trust in accordance with the Swan River Trust Act 1988 . Written approval from the trust is required for any land or water-based development that may have an adverse effect on the estuary or drainage systems entering the estuary. For more information please contact the Swan River Trust or for online data <www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au > Buffers to sensitive environments 15 Vegetated buffers are key strategic elements among a series of protection barrier options that reduce the risk of contamination of sensitive water resources. The size of the buffer depends on the values of the water resource and the potential threats posed. For detailed information on buffers, see our water quality protection note 06 Vegetated buffers to sensitive water resources ( Reference 4 ) Design and construction 16 Light industrial facilities should be constructed using weather-proof material with impervious flooring designed and graded to contain any spilt material, washdown water or contaminated stormwater. This is to ensure that during normal operation,
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