Essay on the Prehistory of the Scale Insects ( Homoptera , Coccinea)
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Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects
© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects Devina Seram and Yendrembam K Devi Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Introduction Insect Adaptations An adaptation is an environmental change so an insect can better fit in and have a better chance of living. Insects are modified in many ways according to their environment. Insects can have adapted legs, mouthparts, body shapes, etc. which makes them easier to survive in the environment that they live in and these adaptations also help them get away from predators and other natural enemies. Here are some adaptations in the immature stages of important families of Hemiptera. Hemiptera are hemimetabolous exopterygotes with only egg and nymphal immature stages and are divided into two sub-orders, homoptera and heteroptera. The immature stages of homopteran families include Delphacidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, Cicadidae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae and heteropteran families Notonectidae, Corixidae, Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Coreidae, Tingitidae, Miridae will be discussed. Homopteran families 1. Delphacidae – Eg. plant hoppers They comprise the largest family of plant hoppers and are characterized by the presence of large, flattened spurs at the apex of their hind tibiae. Eggs are deposited inside plant tissues, elliptical in shape, colourless to whitish. Nymphs are similar in appearance to adults except for size, colour, under- developed wing pads and genitalia. 2. Fulgoridae – Eg. lantern bugs They can be recognized with their antennae inserted on the sides & beneath the eyes. -
Zootaxa,Phylogeny and Higher Classification of the Scale Insects
Zootaxa 1668: 413–425 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)* P.J. GULLAN1 AND L.G. COOK2 1Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] 2School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. Email: [email protected] *In: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (Eds) (2007) Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 1–766. Table of contents Abstract . .413 Introduction . .413 A review of archaeococcoid classification and relationships . 416 A review of neococcoid classification and relationships . .420 Future directions . .421 Acknowledgements . .422 References . .422 Abstract The superfamily Coccoidea contains nearly 8000 species of plant-feeding hemipterans comprising up to 32 families divided traditionally into two informal groups, the archaeococcoids and the neococcoids. The neococcoids form a mono- phyletic group supported by both morphological and genetic data. In contrast, the monophyly of the archaeococcoids is uncertain and the higher level ranks within it have been controversial, particularly since the late Professor Jan Koteja introduced his multi-family classification for scale insects in 1974. Recent phylogenetic studies using molecular and morphological data support the recognition of up to 15 extant families of archaeococcoids, including 11 families for the former Margarodidae sensu lato, vindicating Koteja’s views. Archaeococcoids are represented better in the fossil record than neococcoids, and have an adequate record through the Tertiary and Cretaceous but almost no putative coccoid fos- sils are known from earlier. -
Distribution Records of Aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) Associated with Main Forest-Forming Trees in Northern Europe
© Entomologica Fennica. 5 December 2012 Distribution records of aphids (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe Andrey V. Stekolshchikov & Mikhail V. Kozlov Stekolshchikov, A. V.& Kozlov, M. V.2012: Distribution records of aphids (He- miptera: Phylloxeroidea, Aphidoidea) associated with main forest-forming trees in Northern Europe. — Entomol. Fennica 23: 206–214. We report records of 25 species of aphids collected from four species of woody plants (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pubescens and B. pendula)at50 study sites in Northern Europe, located from 59° to 70° N and from 10° to 60° E. Critical evaluation of earlier publications demonstrated that in spite of the obvi- ous limitations of our survey, the obtained information substantially contributed to the knowledge of the distribution of aphids in North European Russia, includ- ing Murmansk oblast (103 species recorded to date), Republic of Karelia (58 spe- cies), Arkhangelsk oblast (37 species), Vologda oblast (17 species) and Republic of Komi (29 species). We confirm the occurrence of Cinara nigritergi in South- ern Karelia; Pineus cembrae, Cinara pilosa and Monaphis antennata are for the first time recorded in Norway. A. V.Stekolshchikov, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Univer- sitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] M. V. Kozlov, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: [email protected] Received 2 February 2012, accepted 5 April 2012 1. Introduction cades (e.g., Albrecht 2012), no comparable data (with rare exceptions) exist for the northern parts Species distributions and, consequently, spatial of the European Russia. -
A Survey of Scale Insects in Soil Samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 565: 1–28A survey (2016) of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.565.6877 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A survey of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) Mehmet Bora Kaydan1,2, Zsuzsanna Konczné Benedicty1, Balázs Kiss1, Éva Szita1 1 Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó u. 15 H-1022 Budapest, Hungary 2 Çukurova Üniversity, Imamoglu Vocational School, Adana, Turkey Corresponding author: Éva Szita ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Blackman | Received 17 October 2015 | Accepted 31 December 2015 | Published 17 February 2016 http://zoobank.org/50B411DB-C63F-4FA4-8D1F-C756B304FBD7 Citation: Kaydan MB, Konczné Benedicty Z, Kiss B, Szita É (2016) A survey of scale insects in soil samples from Europe (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha). ZooKeys 565: 1–28. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.565.6877 Abstract In the last decades, several expeditions were organized in Europe by the researchers of the Hungarian Natural History Museum to collect snails, aquatic insects and soil animals (mites, springtails, nematodes, and earthworms). In this study, scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) specimens extracted from Hun- garian Natural History Museum soil samples (2970 samples in total), all of which were collected using soil and litter sampling devices, and extracted by Berlese funnel, were examined. From these samples, 43 scale insect species (Acanthococcidae 4, Coccidae 2, Micrococcidae 1, Ortheziidae 7, Pseudococcidae 21, Putoidae 1 and Rhizoecidae 7) were found in 16 European countries. In addition, a new species belong- ing to the family Pseudococcidae, Brevennia larvalis Kaydan, sp. -
Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment Diversity of Invertebrates in the Republic of Macedonia
Macedonian Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol. 17, issue 1 pp. 5-44 Skopje (2015) ISSN 1857 - 8330 Original scientific paper Available online at www.mjee.org.mk Diversity of invertebrates in the Republic of Macedonia Диверзитет на безрбетниците во Република Македонија 1,2, * 1,2 3 4 Slavčo HRISTOVSKI , Valentina SLAVEVSKA-STAMENKOVIĆ , Nikola HRISTOVSKI , Kiril ARSOVSKI , 5 6 6 7 8 Rostislav BEKCHIEV , Dragan CHOBANOV , Ivaylo DEDOV , Dušan DEVETAK , Ivo KARAMAN , Despina 2 9 6 2 10 KITANOVA , Marjan KOMNENOV , Toshko LJUBOMIROV , Dime MELOVSKI , Vladimir PEŠIĆ , Nikolay 5 SIMOV 1 Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia 2 Macedonian Ecological Society, Vladimir Nazor 10, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia 3 Faculty of Biotechnology, St. Kliment Ohridski University, 7000 Bitola, Macedonia 4 Biology Students' Research Society, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia 5 National Museum of Natural History, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria 6 Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria 7 Department of Biology, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia 8 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Trg D. Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 9 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece 10 Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro The assessment of the diversity of invertebrates in Macedonia was based on previous assess- ments and analyses of new published data in the period 2003-2013 (after the first country study on biodiversity). -
Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Nonâ•Fitarget
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2007 Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians Carla Irene Dilling University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Dilling, Carla Irene, "Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/120 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Carla Irene Dilling entitled "Impact of Imidacloprid and Horticultural Oil on Non–target Phytophagous and Transient Canopy Insects Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrieré, in the Southern Appalachians." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Paris L. Lambdin, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Jerome Grant, Nathan Sanders, James Rhea, Nicole Labbé Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. -
Diverse New Scale Insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in Amber
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3823, 80 pp. January 16, 2015 Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea ISABELLE M. VEA1'2 AND DAVID A. GRIMALDI2 ABSTRACT Coccoids are abundant and diverse in most amber deposits around the world, but largely as macropterous males. Based on a study of male coccoids in Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous), Burmese amber (Albian-Cenomanian), Cambay amber from western India (Early Eocene), and Baltic amber (mid-Eocene), 16 new species, 11 new genera, and three new families are added to the coccoid fossil record: Apticoccidae, n. fam., based on Apticoccus Koteja and Azar, and includ¬ ing two new species A.fortis, n. sp., and A. longitenuis, n. sp.; the monotypic family Hodgsonicoc- cidae, n. fam., including Hodgsonicoccus patefactus, n. gen., n. sp.; Kozariidae, n. fam., including Kozarius achronus, n. gen., n. sp., and K. perpetuus, n. sp.; the first occurrence of a Coccidae in Burmese amber, Rosahendersonia prisca, n. gen., n. sp.; the first fossil record of a Margarodidae sensu stricto, Heteromargarodes hukamsinghi, n. sp.; a peculiar Diaspididae in Indian amber, Nor- markicoccus cambayae, n. gen., n. sp.; a Pityococcidae from Baltic amber, Pityococcus monilifor- malis, n. sp., two Pseudococcidae in Lebanese and Burmese ambers, Williamsicoccus megalops, n. gen., n. sp., and Gilderius eukrinops, n. gen., n. sp.; an Early Cretaceous Weitschatidae, Pseudo- weitschatus audebertis, n. gen., n. sp.; four genera considered incertae sedis, Alacrena peculiaris, n. gen., n. sp., Magnilens glaesaria, n. gen., n. sp., and Pedicellicoccus marginatus, n. gen., n. sp., and Xiphos vani, n. -
American Museum Novitates
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3823, 80 pp. January 16, 2015 Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea ISABELLE M. VEA1, 2 AND DAVID A. GRIMALDI2 ABSTRACT Coccoids are abundant and diverse in most amber deposits around the world, but largely as macropterous males. Based on a study of male coccoids in Lebanese amber (Early Cretaceous), Burmese amber (Albian-Cenomanian), Cambay amber from western India (Early Eocene), and Baltic amber (mid-Eocene), 16 new species, 11 new genera, and three new families are added to the coccoid fossil record: Apticoccidae, n. fam., based on Apticoccus Koteja and Azar, and includ- ing two new species A. fortis, n. sp., and A. longitenuis, n. sp.; the monotypic family Hodgsonicoc- cidae, n. fam., including Hodgsonicoccus patefactus, n. gen., n. sp.; Kozariidae, n. fam., including Kozarius achronus, n. gen., n. sp., and K. perpetuus, n. sp.; the irst occurrence of a Coccidae in Burmese amber, Rosahendersonia prisca, n. gen., n. sp.; the irst fossil record of a Margarodidae sensu stricto, Heteromargarodes hukamsinghi, n. sp.; a peculiar Diaspididae in Indian amber, Nor- markicoccus cambayae, n. gen., n. sp.; a Pityococcidae from Baltic amber, Pityococcus monilifor- malis, n. sp., two Pseudococcidae in Lebanese and Burmese ambers, Williamsicoccus megalops, n. gen., n. sp., and Gilderius eukrinops, n. gen., n. sp.; an Early Cretaceous Weitschatidae, Pseudo- weitschatus audebertis, n. gen., n. sp.; four genera considered incertae sedis, Alacrena peculiaris, n. gen., n. sp., Magnilens glaesaria, n. gen., n. sp., and Pedicellicoccus marginatus, n. gen., n. sp., and Xiphos vani, n. -
Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the Entomological Collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland
Bonn zoological Bulletin 70 (2): 281–315 ISSN 2190–7307 2021 · Bugaj-Nawrocka A. et al. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2021.70.2.281 Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAB40723-C66E-4826-A8F7-A678AFABA1BC Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in the entomological collection of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (DZUS), Poland Agnieszka Bugaj-Nawrocka1, *, Łukasz Junkiert2, Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk3 & Karina Wieczorek4 1, 2, 3, 4 Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, PL-40-007 Katowice, Poland * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B5A9DF15-3677-4F5C-AD0A-46B25CA350F6 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AF78807C-2115-4A33-AD65-9190DA612FB9 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:600C5C5B-38C0-4F26-99C4-40A4DC8BB016 4 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:95A5CB92-EB7B-4132-A04E-6163503ED8C2 Abstract. Information about the scientific collections is made available more and more often. The digitisation of such resources allows us to verify their value and share these records with other scientists – and they are usually rich in taxa and unique in the world. Moreover, such information significantly enriches local and global knowledge about biodiversi- ty. The digitisation of the resources of the Zoology Research Group, University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) allowed presenting a substantial collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). The collection counts 9369 slide-mounted specimens, about 200 alcohol-preserved samples, close to 2500 dry specimens stored in glass vials and 1319 amber inclu- sions representing 343 taxa (289 identified to species level), 158 genera and 36 families (29 extant and seven extinct). -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
The Leafhopper Vectors of Phytopathogenic Viruses (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) Taxonomy, Biology, and Virus Transmission
/«' THE LEAFHOPPER VECTORS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND VIRUS TRANSMISSION Technical Bulletin No. 1382 Agricultural Research Service UMTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many individuals gave valuable assistance in the preparation of this work, for which I am deeply grateful. I am especially indebted to Miss Julianne Rolfe for dissecting and preparing numerous specimens for study and for recording data from the literature on the subject matter. Sincere appreciation is expressed to James P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., for providing the bulk of material for study, for allowing access to type speci- mens, and for many helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to William J. Knight, British Museum (Natural History), London, for loan of valuable specimens, for comparing type material, and for giving much useful information regarding the taxonomy of many important species. I am also grateful to the following persons who allowed me to examine and study type specimens: René Beique, Laval Univer- sity, Ste. Foy, Quebec; George W. Byers, University of Kansas, Lawrence; Dwight M. DeLong and Paul H. Freytag, Ohio State University, Columbus; Jean L. LaiFoon, Iowa State University, Ames; and S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Co- penhagen, Denmark. To the following individuals who provided additional valuable material for study, I give my sincere thanks: E. W. Anthon, Tree Fruit Experiment Station, Wenatchee, Wash.; L. M. Black, Uni- versity of Illinois, Urbana; W. E. China, British Museum (Natu- ral History), London; L. N. Chiykowski, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ; G. H. L. Dicker, East Mailing Research Sta- tion, Kent, England; J. -
The Phylogeny of the Homoptera
PAP. & Prwe. ROY. Soc. TASMANIA. 1941 (35TH JU.I\;E j :i942.) 37 The Phylogeny of the Homoptera By ,T. W. EVANS (Read lOth ~ovember, HJ41) The question of the phylogeny of the Homoptera does not remain unsettled for want of discussion, as several authors have expressed most definite, though often contradictory, views on the subject. A few years ago a Bulletin entitled , The Phylogeny of the Hemiptera based on the Study of the Head Capsule' was published in the United States (Spooner, 1938). This work is no mere short paper, but a considerable contribution of over one hundred pages, containing close on four hundred figures. For this reason, quite apart from its obvious worth as a contribution to the comparative morphology of insects, it merits close attention. It consists of two parts; the first part deals with the Homoptera and the second with the Heteroptera, and at the end of each part the conclusions reached by the author with respect to phylogeny are expressed as trees. As far as the Heteroptera are concerned, no comment is offered, but the present paper has been written to dispute certain conclusions reached by Spooner regarding the inter-relationships of the Homoptera, and to present alternative proposals. In the phylogenetic tree for the Homoptera three main lines of descent are shown radiating from the Protohomoptel'ous stem. Two of these give rise to the Fulgoridae and Peloridiidae respectively and the third to the Cercopidae, all the several other groups of Homoptel'a, apart from those mentioned above, then being derived direct from the Cercopidae.