Narrativas De Regionalidade Itinerários De Um Pensamento Projectual Em Arquitectura Na Contemporaneidade Portuguesa

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Narrativas De Regionalidade Itinerários De Um Pensamento Projectual Em Arquitectura Na Contemporaneidade Portuguesa Narrativas de Regionalidade Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa Doutoramento em Arquitectura Especialidade de Teoria e Prática do Projecto Nuno Miguel Pereira Coelho da Silva Seabra Orientação científica Doutor Jorge Manuel Fava Spencer, Professor Associado da Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor Ricardo do Canto Moniz Zúquete, Professor Associado da Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa. Constituição do Júri Presidente: Doutor Fernando José Carneiro Moreira da Silva, Professor Catedrático, Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa. Vogais: Doutor Jorge Manuel Fava Spencer, Professor Associado, Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor João Paulo Vergueiro Monteiro de Sá Cardielos, Professor Auxiliar, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra; Doutor Michel Toussaint Alves Pereira, Professor Auxiliar, Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor Hugo José Abranches Teixeira Lopes Farias, Professor Auxiliar, Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa; Doutora Marta Lalanda Prista, Investigadora no Centro em Rede de Investigação em Antropologia, Especialista. Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor Documento definitivo Julho, 2015 Narrativas de Regionalidade Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa Doutoramento em Arquitectura Especialidade de Teoria e Prática do Projecto Nuno Miguel Pereira Coelho da Silva Seabra Orientação científica Doutor Jorge Manuel Fava Spencer, Professor Associado da Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade de Lisboa; Doutor Ricardo do Canto Moniz Zúquete, Professor Associado da Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa. Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor Documento definitivo Julho, 2015 Este trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT): Bolsa de Doutoramento SFRH/BD/66167/2009, sendo desenvolvido no Centro de Investigação em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design (CIAUD) na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa. Resumo e palavras-chave A presente investigação visa analisar a singularidade de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. Perante o crescente fenómeno da Globalização, torna-se evidente, numa produção arquitectónica recente, uma tendência para a dissolução de referências particulares (e.g., históricas, culturais, locais, regionais) em prol de valores universais. Contudo, reconhece-se um pensamento projectual que se institui numa mediação entre o particular e o universal. Própria de um sincretismo, a condição resultante dessa mediação, aqui nomeada como Regionalidade, será determinada a partir de um modelo de observação construído a partir da teoria-crítica resultante do Regionalismo Crítico em diferentes itinerários. Em tempos distintos, mas complementares – um longo e outro recente –, a investigação propõe uma narrativa que advém, num primeiro itinerário, da clarificação da teoria-crítica do modelo de observação considerado e, num segundo, por meio da aplicação desse modelo à contemporaneidade portuguesa, em particular à Arquitectura doméstica, da identificação de relatos próprios de Regionalidade. Desvelados, coligidos e subsequentemente integrados historiograficamente, esses relatos ajustarão uma narrativa acerca do lastro, da vitalidade e da oportunidade na actualidade de Regionalidade como chave de interpretação para um pensamento projectual português em Arquitectura. Regionalidade – Região – Regionalismo – Particular-Universal – Regionalismo Crítico – Pensamento projectual – Identidade projectual – Arquitectura portuguesa Abstract and keywords This research aims to examine the uniqueness of Portuguese contemporary architectural design thinking. Faced with the growing phenomenon of Globalisation, a trend for the dissolution of particular references – specifically the historical, cultural, local and regional references – in support of universal values becomes evident in a recent architectural production. However, the recognition of architectural design thinking singularity persists. Itself a syncretism – a mediation between the particular and the universal –, here named Regionality, will be detailed through an observation model built from the critical theory of Critical Regionalism in different itineraries. In two distinct but complementary moments, one in a distant and the other in a more recent time, this research proposes a narrative through, firstly, an itinerary of clarifying the critical theory observation model, and, in a second itinerary, the applicability of the observation model to contemporaneity, particularly in the field of portuguese domestic architecture, thus highlighting chronicles of Regionality. Unveiled, collected and subsequently historiographically integrated, these chronicles will set a narrative about the foundation, the vitality and present opportunity of Regionality as the key to interpret design thinking, specifically for a Portuguese architecture. Regionality – Region – Regionalism – Particular-Universal – Critical Regionalism – Architectural Design Thinking – Design Thinking identity – Portuguese Architecture Narrativas de Regionalidade. Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. À Alice. Ao Balthazar. v Narrativas de Regionalidade. Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. vi Narrativas de Regionalidade. Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. Agradecimentos A realização do presente trabalho só foi possível graças à colaboração de pessoas e de entidades a quem não posso deixar de manifestar o meu profundo reconhecimento. Ao Professor Doutor Arquitecto Jorge Manuel Fava Spencer e ao Professor Doutor Arquitecto Ricardo José do Canto Moniz Zúquete, pelo facto de terem aceitado a orientação científica desta investigação, pelo acompanhamento do seu desenvolvimento, pelo rigor das observações, pelos conselhos e, sobretudo, pela palavra amiga e sempre motivadora ao longo destes últimos anos. A Alexander Tzonis, Alexandre Alves Costa, Álvaro Siza Vieira, Anthony Alfonsi, António Leal, João Leal, Luiz Cunha, Kenneth Frampton, Manuel Mendes, Nuno Teotónio Pereira e Sérgio Fernandez pela disponibilidade em discutir os temas desta investigação. Aos meus colegas docentes da Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa e aos meus colegas do Curso de Doutoramento da Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade de Lisboa, em particular ao João Miguel Duarte, à Paula Torgal e ao Carlos Bártolo que partilharam quase diariamente as angústias e as alegrias deste trabalho. À Rosa Rodrigues pela revisão final do texto deste documento. Aos ‗meus‘ alunos: os que acompanharam directamente este percurso contínuo formativo; a todos os outros que acompanharam gradualmente, ano lectivo após ano lectivo, a efectivação da hipótese aqui considerada. Dedico esta investigação a todos vós. Às instituições depositárias dos espólios e dos arquivos de Arquitectos. À Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento através da Bolsa de Doutoramento SFRH/BD/66167/2009. À Márcia Patrícia Ferreira da Silva, mãe dos meus filhos, pelo apoio, partilha e, nomeadamente, compreensão que sempre demonstrou em todos os dias deste longo processo de investigação. À minha família presente e não presente. Sem ordem de importância, aos meus pais, avós e irmão, pelo apoio e motivação incondicional para levar este projecto à sua concretização. vii Narrativas de Regionalidade. Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. Por fim, mas sempre em primeiro lugar, ao Balthazar e à Alice, meus filhos (e também desta investigação – nascidos no decorrer do seu desenvolvimento) pela paciência diariamente sentida, na espera do retorno a casa – depois de mais um dia passado a ―desenhar o livro‖1 –, para poderem brincar com o pai. A todos o meu profundo agradecimento. 1 Expressão utilizada pelo Balthazar no sentido de ilustrar o processo da redacção final da investigação. viii Narrativas de Regionalidade. Itinerários de um pensamento projectual em Arquitectura na contemporaneidade portuguesa. Índice Resumo e palavras-chave.…………………………………………………... iii Abstract and keywords.……………………………...……………………… iv Agradecimentos..……………………………………...……..……………... vii Índice de ilustrações: imagens, figuras e diagramas.…..…………………… xi Lista de abreviaturas, siglas e acrónimos.…………………………………... xv Introdução…………………………………………………………...... 19 Tema e pergunta de partida.………………………………………………… 19 Problema, hipóteses e objectivos.…………………………...……………… 26 Metodologia.……………………………………………………...………… 28 Apresentação temática por capítulos.…………………….. ………..……… 30 Critérios normativos.……………………………………..…………….…… 34 Parte I.……………………………..……………………………..……. 37 Da Região.……...……….…………………………………………………………. 37 Considerações prévias.……………………………………………………... 39 1. Região, Regionalidade e Regionalismo.…………………………………. 40 1.1. Região……………………………………………………………....….. 40 1.2. Regionalidade……………………………………………………………….… 54 1.3. Regionalismo…………………………………………………………... 59 Conclusões parciais…………………………………………………………. 73 Parte II………………………….…………………………...………… 75 Por um modelo teórico-crítico………………..…………………………………… 75 Considerações prévias………………………………………………………. 77 1. Regionalismo: um modelo teórico-crítico de
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