Jewish Space

A thesis submitted to the Division of Research and Advanced Studies of the University of Cincinnati

,QSDUWLDOIXOÀOOPHQWRIWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUWKHGHJUHHRI MASTER OF ARCHTITECTURE

In the school of $UFKLWHFWXUHDQG,QWHULRU'HVLJQRIWKH&ROOHJHRI'HVLJQ $UFKLWHFWXUH$UW 3ODQQLQJ

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Callie Narron %DFKHORURI6FLHQFHLQ,QWHULRU'HVLJQ 7KH8QLYHULVW\RI1RUWK&DUROLQD*UHHQVERUR

Committee Chair: Tom Bible Aartati Kanekar

1

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Todah Raba

Callie Narron Mitchell

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CONTENTS 

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INTRODUCTION What is Jewish Space? 16

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BACKGROUND 6\PEROLF/DQGVFDSHV'HVHUWDQG&LW\ 

The City: A Cultivated Garden 

A Space for a Sukkah  CONTENTS )LQGLQJ'HVHUW&LW\LQ

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7KDW,PLJKW'ZHOO$PRQJ7KHP)URP 68 Tabernacle to Temple

Set Apart: Borders and Boundaries 76

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$33(1',; Matrix of Jewish Activities 

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)ROORZLQJDFORXGE\GD\DQGÀUHE\QLJKWIRUIRUW\\HDUV DJUHDWQDWLRQZDQGHUHGLQWKHGHVHUW'XULQJWKLVWLPHRIGZHOO- INTRODUCTION What is Jewish Space? LQJEHWZHHQWKH place RI(J\SWZKHUHWKH\ZHUHKHOGDVVODYHV and the placeRI,VUDHOWKHODQGSURPLVHGWRWKHLUIRUHIDWKHUV*RG UHYHDOHGWKH7RUDK³+LVLQVWUXFWLRQVIRUOLYLQJZHOO$V7RUDK REVHUYDQFHLVSXWLQWRGDLO\SUDFWLFHWKHUK\WKPRI-HZLVKOLIH LQÁXHQFHVWKHspaces in which the people live.

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 7KHFLW\DVFRPSDUHGWRWKHGHVHUWLVDSODFHRIKRSH What was once placelessDFFRUGLQJWR+HUW]LVQRZWKHHPERGL- ment of a kingdom. The city represents a rooted expression of -XGDLVPZKHUHWHQWVDUHH[FKDQJHGIRUVWRQHZDOOVDQGSHRSOHDUH transformed from nomads to a nation. A Temple constructed of &,7< VWRQHV\PEROL]LQJVRPHWKLQJRIJUHDWHUSHUPDQHQFHDQGORQJHY- LW\LVWKHSULPDU\DUFKLWHFWXUDOH[SUHVVLRQ%HVLGHVDFKDQJHLQ EXLOGLQJPDWHULDOWKHORFDWLRQRIWKH7HPSOHYDULHVIURPWKDWRI WKH7DEHUQDFOH,QWKHGHVHUWFRQWH[WWKHWDEHUQDFOHZDV´RXWVLGH RIWKHFDPSµ7KH7HPSOHE\FRQWUDVWLVFHQWUDOL]HGLQWKHFLW\

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 0RVWFRPPRQO\LQWKHVFULSWXUDOWH[WWKHGHVHUWLVGHVFULEHG wilderness GURXJKW FORXGRIJORU\ DVDSODFHRIKDUGVKLSFXUVHVDQGMXGJPHQWKRZHYHUWKHWH[WDOVR SUHVHQWVWKHGHVHUWDVDSODFHRIJUHDWLQWLPDF\ZLWKWKH*RGRI ZDQGHULQJ parched face to face WKHSDWULDUFKV,QWKLVSDUFKHGODQGWKHOLYHOLKRRGRISHRSOHZDV VXVWDLQHGE\+LVYHU\SUHVHQFH'DLO\WKHP\VWLFDOIRRGPDQQD journeyed thirsty voice appeared as dew on the earth. Moses was known to have com- DESERT PXQHGIDFHWRIDFHZLWK$EUDKDP·V*RGHYHQUDGLDWLQJZLWK+LV trial KXQJU\ carried JORU\DIWHUHDFKHQFRXQWHU7KHFDPSIROORZHG+LPDVDFORXGE\ GD\DQGÀUHE\QLJKWUHPDLQLQJVWLOOZKHQ+HZDVVWLOODQGPRY- test abandoned allure LQJRQO\ZKHQ+HPRYHG7KH\WUDYHOHGDVJUXPEOLQJQRPDGV\HW the soles of their shoes and the clothes on their backs never wore JUXPEOHG MXGJHPHQW provision RXW)RUDOOWKHKDUGVKLSVWKHSHRSOHRI,VUDHOHQGXUHGWKHEOHVVLQJV prevailed. weary curse manna

36 )LJ 37 :RUGV7KHPHV&RPPRQLQD&RQFRUGDQFH6HDUFKRQ&LW\

name Eden cyprus

built JDUGHQ myrtle The biblical city is described as a metropolitan center with KLJKZD\VDQGJUHDWZHDOWK,WLVDSODFHRIIUHHGRPIURPHQVODYH- rebuilt blossom vineyard PHQWDQGDQRDVLVRIÁRZLQJZDWHUVDQGIUXLWEHDULQJWUHHV´

homes river ÀJ

fountain acacia

waters break forth fruit

38 )LJ39

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 ,QWKHEHJLQQLQJWKHUHZDVDJDUGHQ&DOOHG(GHQE\LWV PDNHUWKHJDUGHQZDVDSHUIHFWSDUDGLVHDVDFUHGVSDFHZKHUH $GDPFRPPXQHGZLWK*RGXQKLQGHUHG7RUDKGHVFULEHVWKLVSHU- IHFWVWDWHDQGLWVGRZQIDOO7KHELEOLFDOODQJXDJHXVHGWRGHVFULEH the city landscape of Eretz Israel DVDSODFHRIPHVVLDQLFKRSHDQG DFXOWLYDWHGDQGWKULYLQJJDUGHQLVDWKHRORJLFDOUHVSRQVHWRFRQGL- BACKGROUND The City: A Cultivated Garden WLRQVORVWLQ(GHQ:KDWZDVEURNHQWKURXJKVLQRIRQHPDQFRXOG EHUHVWRUHG,QWKHFKURQRORJ\RIWKHELEOLFDOWH[WDIWHUWKHIDOO RI$GDPLQ(GHQWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI(UHW],VUDHOUHPDLQVDSUHV- HQWWKHPHWKXV/DQG3HRSOHWLHVUXQGHHSZLWKLQ-HZLVKUHOLJLRXV WKRXJKW7KHFRQFHSWRIWKH´WKH/DQGµWDNHVRQJUHDWVFULSWXUDO V\PEROLVPDVLWEHFRPHVJUHHQDQGIUXLWIXOZKHQLWLVOLYHGLQE\ WKH-HZLVKQDWLRQDQGGHVHUWOLNHZKHQWKH\DUHLQFDSWLYLW\  :KHQHYDOXDWLQJ,VUDHOL-HZLVK6SDFHJHRJUDSK\FDQQRW EHLJQRUHG3UDFWLFHVRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ,VUDHODVDJewish Place are FULWLFDOLQIRUPLQJOLYHGJewish SpacesEHFDXVHRIWKHWKHRORJL- FDOFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHSHRSOHDQGWKHODQG,QVFULSWXUHWKH /DQGLVQRWVLPSO\DP\VWLFDORUV\PEROLFSODFHEXWLVGHVFULEHG DVDJHRJUDSKLFDOO\GHÀQHGDUHDIURPWKH(XSKUDWHVWRWKHULYHULQ (J\SW,WLVDQHVWDEOLVKHGORFDWLRQDSODFHRIFRYHQDQWEHWZHHQ *RGDQGWKHGHFHGHQWVRI$EUDKDP,VDDFDQG-DFRE.HHSLQJWKLV covenant is of such critical importance to the nature and reputa- WLRQRI*RGWKDWLQ(]HNLHOWKH/RUGSURFODLPVWKDW+HZLOO YLQGLFDWHWKHKROLQHVVRI+LVQDPHE\EULQJLQJWKHVFDWWHUHGQDWLRQ RI,VUDHOEDFNLQWRWKLVSUHFLVHJHRJUDSKLFSODFHSURPLVHGWRWKH patriarchs.  

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22“Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “It is not for your sake, O house of Israel, that I am about to act, but for My holy name, which you have profaned among the na- $FDGHPLFVWXGLHVRI-HZLVK6SDFHFODULI\WKDWWKHVSDWLDOL]LQJSUR- tions where you went. 23 I will vindicate the holiness of My great FHVVLQYROYHVWKHDFWLYLWLHVRIDXVHU$-HZLVK3ODFHEHFRPHVD name which has been profaned among the nations, which you have -HZLVK6SDFHWKURXJKGDLO\OLYLQJWKHDFWLRQVRI7RUDKREVHUYDQFH profaned in their midst. Then the nations will know that I am the 7KLVSDVVDJHXQLTXHO\FRQYH\VDP\VWLFDELOLW\WRNHHSDQGOLYH LORD,” declares the Lord GOD, “when I prove Myself holy among 7RUDKXSRQUHWXUQLQJWRWKH/DQGZKLFKFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHVSDWLDO- you in their sight. 24 For I will take you from the nations, gather you L]LQJSURFHVVRI,VUDHO from all the lands and bring you into your own land.

25 Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean; I ZLOOFOHDQVH\RXIURPDOO\RXUÀOWKLQHVVDQGIURPDOO\RXULGROV Moreover, I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within Not only are the people empowered to live in accord with Torah \RXDQG,ZLOOUHPRYHWKHKHDUWRIVWRQHIURP\RXUÁHVKDQGJLYH E\UHWXUQLQJWRWKH/DQGEXWDOVRWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQV\PELRWLFDOO\ \RXDKHDUWRIÁHVK,ZLOOSXW0\6SLULWZLWKLQ\RXDQGFDXVH\RX H[WHQGVWRWKHSURVSHULW\DQGIUXLWIXOQHVVRIWKH/DQG7KHODQG to walk in My statutes, and you will be careful to observe My ordi- DIIHFWVWKHSHRSOHDQGWKHSHRSOHDIIHFWWKHODQG nances. 28 You will live in the land that I gave to your forefathers; so you will be My people, and I will be your God.

29 Moreover, I will save you from all your uncleanness; and I will call for the grain and multiply it, and I will not bring a famine on you. 30 I will multiply the fruit of the tree and the produce of )RUWKHVDNHRI+LVKRO\QDPHDQGWKHFRYHQDQWZLWK$EUDKDP WKHÀHOGVRWKDW\RXZLOOQRWUHFHLYHDJDLQWKHGLVJUDFHRIIDPLQH WKH/RUGSURPLVHVWREULQJWKHVFDWWHUHG-HZLVKSHRSOHEDFNLQWR among the nations... (UHW],VUDHO,QGRLQJVR+HSURPLVHVWRFOHDQVHWKHPDQGJLYH WKHPDQHZKHDUW,QWXUQWKHSHRSOHZLOOREVHUYH+LV7RUDK 33 ‘Thus says the Lord GOD, “On the day that I cleanse you from WKHGHVRODWHODQGZLOOEHUHQHZHGDQGUHEXLOWJURZLQJIRUWKDVD all your iniquities, I will cause the cities to be inhabited, and the ÁRXULVKLQJFLW\DQGJDUGHQ7KHDFWRIDJULFXOWXUDOGHYHORSPHQW waste places will be rebuilt. 34 The desolate land will be cultivated DQGJDUGHQPDNLQJLVDQLQGLUHFWDFWRI7RUDKREVHUYDQFH%HFDXVH instead of being a desolation in the sight of everyone who passes by. RIWKLVLWVKRXOGFRPHDVOLWWOHVXUSULVHWKDWDJULFXOWXUHDQGJDUGHQ 35 They will say, ‘This desolate land has become like the garden of VSDFHVDUHDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRISUHVHQWGD\,VUDHOLOLIHDQGFXOWXUH (GHQDQGWKHZDVWHGHVRODWHDQGUXLQHGFLWLHVDUHIRUWLÀHGDQGLQ- 1RWRQO\DQDHVWKHWLFSUDFWLFHSODQWLQJJURZLQJDQGJDUGHQ PDNLQJFRQQHFWRQDQRUJDQLFDQGUHOLJLRXVOHYHOZLWKWKHSHRSOH KDELWHG·7KHQWKHQDWLRQVWKDWDUHOHIWURXQGDERXW\RXZLOONQRZ 2XWGRRUVSDFHVDUHRIJUHDWYDOXHDQGKDYHLPSOLFDWLRQVRQWKH that I, the LORD, have rebuilt the ruined places and planted that development of Israeli architecture. which was desolate; I, the LORD, have spoken and will do it.”

 

 6LQFHWKH5HVWRUDWLRQRIWKH(UHW],VUDHODVDJUHHQDQG My experience of the merapesset was not only limited to a fruitful place is scripturally synonymous with the prosperity of the GLVFXVVLRQRIOLQJXLVWLFVLQP\RIÀFH$V,ZDVSURFHVVLQJP\QHZ SHRSOHRI,VUDHOFXOWLYDWLQJWKHODQGEHFDPHDSULPDU\WHQDQWRI VXUURXQGLQJVLWEHFDPHTXLWHHYLGHQWWKDWWKHPHUDSHVVHWZDVRI HDUO\=LRQLVWWKRXJKW'XULQJWKH\HDUWLPHIUDPHRIZKLFK FULWLFDOLPSRUWDQFHWRWKHFXOWXUHRI-XGDLVPLQ-HUXVDOHPWKURXJK WKH-HZVZHUHVFDWWHUHGLQWKH'LDVSRUDRZLQJODQGZDVRIWHQIRU- the multitude of merapessot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set out to build a home for themselves prior to the inception of WKHPRGHUQVWDWHRI,VUDHO$JULFXOWXUHFRQWLQXHVWREHDSULPDU\ LQGXVWU\WKURXJKRXWUXUDO,VUDHOZLWKQHDUO\DOOSURGXFHEHLQJOR- FDOO\JURZQDQGDPDMRUHFRQRPLFH[SRUW  ,QXUEDQDUHDVVXFKDV-HUXVDOHPJDUGHQLQJPDLQWDLQV FXOWXUDOLPSRUWDQFH\HWWKHVHJUHHQVSDFHVUHPDLQFRQÀQHGWRWKH WUDGLWLRQDO´PDUJLQDOL]LQJRIJDUGHQPDNLQJµDVD´OX[XU\IULOO pastime or leisure activity” 1DQGGRQRWKDYHDQLQWHJUDOLPSDFWRQ WKHV\VWHPVFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHDUFKLWHFWXUHRUWKHRYHUDOOSODQQLQJ RIWKHFLW\0RVWRIWHQJDUGHQVRFFXUDWWKHJURXQGOHYHORQURRIV DQGDVSDUWRIDXQLTXHIHDWXUHRI,VUDHOLDUFKLWHFWXUHWKHmerapes- set.  ,QVLPSOH(QJOLVKWHUPVDmerapessetLVDEDOFRQ\KRZ- HYHUZKHQDFROOHDJXHLQP\+HEUHZ(QJOLVKVSHDNLQJRIÀFH UHIHUUHGWRWKHPHUDSHVVHWDV´WKHEDOFRQ\µRQRQHRIRXUSURMHFWV, ZDVVXUSULVHGE\KRZJUHDWO\LWORVWLWVVHQVHRIFRQWH[WDQGPHDQ- LQJ,KDGQRWSHUVRQDOO\XQGHUVWRRGDPHUDSHVVHWWREHDEDOFRQ\ EXWUDWKHUDQRXWGRRUDUFKLWHFWXUDOIHDWXUHXQLTXHO\XVHGLQ,VUDHO IRUJURZLQJSODQWVDQGKDQJLQJODXQGU\LQWKHHYHU\GD\VHWWLQJ\HW EHLQJWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRDVDFUHGVSDFHWRDFFRPPRGDWHODUJHIDPLO\ JDWKHULQJVGXULQJWKHKRO\GD\V7KHPHUDSHVVHWLVDDQRXWGRRU “lived space” in Israel.

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Sometimes referred to as the Feast of BoothsSukkot is the last feast on the Hebrew calendar. Ordained to commemorate the WLPHZKHQWKHQDWLRQRI,VUDHOOLYHGLQWHPSRUDU\GZHOOLQJVZKLOH ZDLWLQJWRHQWHUWKH3URPLVHG/DQG6XNNRWGUDZVKHDYLO\RQWKH LPDJHU\RIWKHV\PEROLFODQGVFDSHV,WLVERWKDWLPHWRUHPHP- EHUWKHGHVHUWZKLOHDVSLULQJWKHKRSHRIWKHFLW\$UFKLWHFWXUDOLQ QDWXUH7RUDKUHTXLUHVHDFKIDPLO\WREXLOGDWHPSRUDU\VWUXFWXUH known as a SukkahZKHUHIDPLOLHVJDWKHUWRJHWKHUWRHDWDQGVOHHS IRUVHYHQGD\V,Q-HUXVDOHPWKHVHWHPSRUDU\VWUXFWXUHVDUHDV- BACKGROUND A Space for a Sukkah VHPEOHGLQJDUGHQVDQGRQVLGHZDONVLQVSDFHVFRQVLGHUHG´XUEDQ ZDVWHODQGVµ1 and they often cascade across the merapessot adorn- LQJWKHH[WHULRURIHDFKEXLOGLQJ7KH6XNNDKWUDQVIRUPVRXWGRRU VSDFHVWKURXJKRXWWKHOLWHUDOFLW\DQGFRPPXQLW\H[SDQGVWKURXJK IDPLO\GLQQHUVWKDWDUHKRVWHGLQHDFKGZHOOLQJ,WLVWKURXJKWKLV FRQVWUXFWWKDWWKHV\PEROLFODQGVFDSHVPDQLIHVWDVWKLVVLPSOH IRUPDFWVDVDQDJHQWIRUPDNLQJJewish Space.  7KHELEOLFDOUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUFHOHEUDWLQJ6XNNRWDUHTXLWH simple: dwell in temporary booths for seven days. The Rabbini- cal interpretation of how these booths must be constructed is much PRUHHODERUDWH7KHÀUVWFRQFHUQLVWKDWLWPXVWEHDWHPSRUDU\ VWUXFWXUHUHEXLOWHYHU\\HDU(DFK6XNNDKPXVWKDYHFRPSOHWH ZDOOVDQGSDUWRIDWKLUGZDOOQRVPDOOHUWKDQLQFKHVORQJ DOWKRXJKZDOOVLVSUHIHUUHG7KHZDOOVZKLFKPXVWEHEHWZHHQ LQFKHVDQGIHHWKLJKDQGFDQQRWEHOHVVWKDQLQFKHV LQOHQJWKFDQEHDQ\PDWHULDOWKDWGRHVQRWPRYHLQWKHZLQG 7KURXJKERWKELEOLFDODQG7DOPXGLFLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVWKHVXNNDKLV RQHH[DPSOHZKHUHVRPHWKLQJWH[WXDOEHFRPHVDUFKLWHFWXUDO

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7KH(UXYH[SDQGVWKHSULYDWHGRPDLQRQ6KDEEDWDOORZLQJDFWLYLHV permissible in the family home to extend into a demarcated area. Af- WHU6KDEEDWWKH(UXYERXQGDU\LVVWLOOSUHVHQWEXWDFWLYLW\LVSHUPLW- ted beyond its borders.

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Mezuzah literally means doorpost,EXWWRGD\PRUHVSHFLÀ- cally refers to the parchment inscribed with scripture that is stored LQDSURWHFWLYHFDVHDWWDFKHGWRWKHGRRUSRVWRI-HZLVKKRPHV7KH GRRUSRVWVHUYHVDVDERXQGDU\EHWZHHQSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHGRPDLQV EXWLVQRWVDFUHGDVDQDORQHHQWLW\2IWHQLWLVDFNQRZOHGWKURXJK WKHULWXDODFWRIWRXFKLQJWKH0H]X]DKWKHQNLVVLQJRQH·VKDQG

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An individual in the public domain approaches a doorpost. The doorpost is the boundary that interfaces between public and private space.

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A person immerses in a mikvah to mark the end of a time of be- LQJULWXDOO\XQFOHDQ:DWHUDFWVDVDERXQGDU\EHWZHHQVDFUHGDQG profane.

1. A ritually unclean person leaves the profane activities of the HYHU\GD\DQGDSSURDFKHVWKHPLNYDK

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 7KHUHVHDUFKSRUWLRQRIWKLVWKHVLVFXOPLQDWHVLQWHVWLQJWKH theories of Jewish SpaceWKURXJKWKHGHVLJQRIDQ$EVRUSWLRQ&HQ- WHUIRUQHZLPPLJUDQWVWR,VUDHO7KHUHRFFXUULQJSULQFLSOHVGLV- FRYHUHGWKURXJKWKLVZRUNVKRXOGVHUYHDVPRWLYDWRUVLQWKHIRUPDO DQGIXQFWLRQDORXWFRPHRIWKHGHVLJQ,QUHFDOOLQJWKHVHSULQFLSOHV ÀUVWO\+HEUHZVFULSWXUHFUHDWHVDGLFKRWRP\EHWZHHQWZRV\P- bolic landscapes: Desert and City1H[WWLPHDQGVSDFHQHJRWLDWH DVLVVXHVRIWHPSRUDOLW\FDXVHDFWXDOVSDFHVDVZHOODVLGHDVDERXW (;3/25$7,21'HVLJQ3URSRVDO VSDFHWRDSSURSULDWHDQGHVWDEOLVKLGHQWLW\:LWKLQWKHVHODUJHU WKHPHVDJUHDWGHDORIFRQFHUQVXUURXQGVWKHÁX[RIERXQGDULHV EHWZHHQSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHDQGVDFUHGDQGSURIDQHGRPDLQV  ,QWKHFRXUVHRIVWXG\LQJJewish SpaceWKHFKDOOHQJH SUHVHQWHGWRWKHDUFKLWHFWLVKRZWRLQFRUSRUDWHWKHVHUHRFFXUULQJ SULQFLSOHVLQWRFRQVWUXFWHGZRUNV7KHSURJUDPDQGSXUSRVHRIDQ $EVRUSWLRQ&HQWHURUJDQLFDOO\IDFLOLWDWHVWKLVSURFHVVE\WKHYHU\ QDWXUHRILWVLQWHQWDQGFOLHQW$VSDFHIRUWUDQVLWLRQDQ$EVRUSWLRQ Center acts as a boundary between the desert of the diaspora and the cityRU(UHW],VUDHO,WDLGVLQEULQJLQJDQHZLPPLJUDQWLQWR WKHFRPPXQLW\RI,VUDHO,WLVDWHPSRUDU\GZHOOLQJIRUDFOLHQW VHHNLQJWRHVWDEOLVKDQHZLGHQWLW\  7KHLQWHQWRIWKHGHVLJQLVWRXVHDUFKLWHFWXUDOIHDWXUHVLQ such away that temporal issues and bodily presence will allow the IDFLOLW\WRVKLIWDQGFKDQJH7KHVHVSDWLDOÁXFWXDWLRQVVKRXOGHQ- JDJHWKHFOLHQWV·DZDUHQHVVWKDWWKHLUDFWLRQVKDYHEHDULQJRQKRZ the facility forms. The end result should be a space that adjusts DFFRUGLQJWRFOLPDWLFDQGXVHUVHQVLWLYLWLHVLQVXFKDZD\WKDWWKH principles of Jewish Space become evident.

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  7KH)HDVWRI6XNNRWKDVELEOLFDORUJLQVLQ/HYLWFXVWKDWUH TXLUHVWKHEXLOGLQJRIWKH6XNNDKWRFRPPHPRUDWHWKHWLPH SUKKAH when Israel dwelled in the desert and lived in temporary ERRWKVDIWHUWKHH[RGXVIURP(J\SW6RPHVFKROHUVEHOLHYH +,6725,&$/ WKHIHDVWEHFDPHFRQQHFWHGWR(J\SWDWDODWHUSHULRGDQG ZDVLQLWLDOO\HVWDEOLVKHGWRFHOHEUDWHGWKHHQGRIWKHDJUL FXOWXUDOVHDVRQZLWKWKH6XNNDKEHLQJEXLOWWRFRPPHPR rate the temporary structures used to contain the harvest. )LJ$

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