The Jens Munk story By John Bechtel ~ Freelance Writer

among both the peasants and the The Portuguese period of Munk’s life llegitimacy cast a long nobles. He forgot that the hands At the age of 12, in 1591, Jens Munk shipped out to Oporto, Portugal. The shadow in the early you trample on the way up could Reformation era. A expedite your way back down. Erik century following Christopher Columbus’s of America in 1492 I acquired many properties, and the had been a golden age for Portugal. They had discovered and conquered one continent after another, and at one time controlled much of , Africa, and bastard child, Jens Munk king finally knighted him, but his South America. Their discoveries came so fast, it was becoming a problem was born to affluence on enemies were patient and waited for finding names for all of them, and the Portuguese began naming places after the the propitious moment to strike. June 3, 1579, when both date on which they were discovered. Under relentless accusation Shakespeare and Galileo Cristóvão Jacques discovered Bahia, in of foul play, fraud, and abuse of what is now Brazil, on November 1st, were 15 years old. The the king’s property, Erik Munk All Saints’ Day. So it was named Bahia, events of Jens’ early life finally lost all of his fiefs on the which means “bay” and the full name order of King Frederick, much presaged everything that of the place became “City of the Holy like a sheriff repossessing your Savior on the Bay of All Saints.” When came later. His mother, properties and it makes the front another Portuguese explorer, found a his brother Niels, and he page news. However, Erik kept his bay farther south on January 1st, 1502, prized title to nobility for a while, he named it “January River,” Rio de were reduced to poverty at least. He knew, that by law, his Janeiro. 17th century illustration of , . by the conventional and two illegitimate sons Jens and Neils However, that world of Portuguese hypocritical social and (named after his grandfather) dominance came to an end in 1580, could not inherit property from when Jens was one-year-old, when religious mores of a 17th- him. Moreover, if he married their Philip II, King of Spain, inherited century society convulsed mother, who was a commoner, he by marriage Portugal and all of its possessions. For a short time, Philip COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: with spasms of Reformation could be punished by death. So there King Phillip II was to be no inherited title for Jens ruled an empire more than ten times piety. The story begins with and his brother Neils. There was the size of Alexander the Great’s, from the Americas to the Chinese border. Jens Munk’s grandfather, no way Erik’s common-law partner In this changing world, Jens Munk got a position on the Dutch ship Schoubynacht, headed for Brazil and sugar. A mile from the Brazilian coast, Niels, a nobleman from a Anna and her two boys could share Erik’s wealth at its peak, but they all they were attacked by French pirates. After disposing of all the others either manor house in Halland, shared in his fall. as prisoners or killing them in combat, the French discovered seven crew in the then-Kingdom of Erik mysteriously disappeared members, including Jens Munk, in hiding. With a shrug of their shoulders, they put them in a boat and told them to row for shore, and left their fate to Denmark. from his son’s life. Jens was shipped out to , where his father’s Providence. Heading south through the jungle, in a region never penetrated or sister was married to the mayor. It colonized by the Portuguese, and hiding from hostile natives with poisonous Jens’ grandfather Niels COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: seemed as if fate smiled on Jens, for blowpipes, swamp water, leeches, crocodiles, jaguars, 24-foot giant constrictor King Christian II snakes named by the Portuguese anaconda, and fevers, the group found their makes enemies COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: he got something of an education and acquired good manners. Jens way south to Bahia. A nobleman was expected to marry forgave this egregious betrayal by one King Frederick II was eight years old. He didn’t know a woman from another established of their own. They sought revenge by Return to Copenhagen in 1598-99 noble family. Niels scorned the custom using what they had, his violation of thieving scoundrel who made it why his father had disappeared, and Jens found employment and remained there for the next six years, becoming of the day and married a common marriage custom, to strip him of his his life’s goal to acquire riches and he never saw him again. woman. Niels had enemies among the patent of nobility. His son, Erik (Jens regain the family title by any means Jens Munk’s life can best be fluent in Portuguese. He had lived among strangers for seven years with no word other nobles, who remembered that Munk’s father), was forced to begin necessary. He murdered and used described as a determined, from, or about, his father. On October 1, 1598, he sailed back to Copenhagen, the Munk clan had sided with Danish his career with this handicap. false evidence to cheat and even indefatigable event, but ultimately expecting to collect his inheritance and went directly to 21-year-old Christian IV, king Christian II and the peasants hang those in his disfavor. Erik was frustrating effort to gain honest crowned king only two years before. He was informed by a functionary that all in the civil war of 1525. That war was by no means the only nobleman to recognition for his exploits and his father’s property had been seized by the State. After five years of incarceration, primarily an uprising of peasants Jens’ father Erik makes engage in such behaviors, but his contributions, and to regain his his father had hung himself in his cell. Jens was presented with his father’s silver against the abuses of the nobility. more enemies hyper-aggressive, imperious pursuit family’s status as a member of the tankard and some used clothes and signed a receipt for them. The spiteful nobles neither forgot nor Erik was an ambitious, arrogant, of property and fame offended many Danish nobility. It was not to be. (Continued on page 10) i SUMMER 2019 | SCANDINAVIAN PRESS SCANDINAVIAN PRESS | SUMMER 2019 j (Continued from page 9) Could Jens Munk Such were the circumstances of his first time in Copenhagen, then a city of succeed where Henry 20,000. What a blow for an ambitious Hudson and William young man expecting to come into Barents had failed? possession of real estate, peasants, and (Please refer to maps) of course, a title of nobility. 1609-1610 ______In 1596, Dutch explorer William Barents discovered Spitzbergen while Undeterred, in the next six years, looking for the northeastern passage Jens Munk went on 17 voyages, and to China. He got locked into the ice on transitioned into a skilled, respected the body of water-bearing his name, mariner; from cabin boy to captain. ______and he and his crew were forced to spend an entire year on Novaya Zemlya At about this same time, 800 miles ( Russian archipelago north of the away, Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, Ural Mountains) before the ice broke COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: Prince of Denmark, a play based on up enough for them to take a small a Scandinavian saga. Although they boat through. Barents didn’t make the did not know each other, the story trip home. It is not known how the 12 Passage, this time making it to Novaya

was almost a portent of the tragedies COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: survivors disposed of his body. Zemlya, where even in June they found in store for both Jens Munk and his King Christian IV In 1607, Henry Hudson had the the ice impenetrable. monarch, Christian IV. water that seemed to offer safe passage same idea, and he attempted to find In 1609, Henry Hudson was forward, only to fill quickly with a and got as far as commissioned by the Dutch East India Christian IV ice floes ten feet thick that crowded Spitzbergen before being turned back Company, Henry’s third time to seek and the call of the Arctic their ships and prevented retreat. For by ice. Hudson’s report of large groups the eastern passage across the top of

Christian IV’s reign of 59 years was the next two centuries, the much- of whales on this voyage may have Siberia, but he once again was blocked .WIKIMEDIA MAP: the longest of all the Scandinavian anticipated shortcut between two been a strong motivation for European by ice north of Norway. Without Map of the and Novaya Zemlya (circled), where William Barent monarchs. He was only two years oceans was revealed as a labyrinth interest in the Arctic whaling business permission, Hudson changed course and his crew were older than Jens Munk, and they were in which ships and hundreds of men in the following years. In 1608, Henry and sailed in the opposite direction, to forced to spend an destined to interact on the world stage. disappeared without a trace. attempted again to find the Northeast North America, where he discovered entire year after his Christian was 19 at his coronation as the bay to what is now Manhattan, ship became locked king of Denmark and Norway, and his and he explored the river named after in the Arctic ice. He father had ruled over more water than him to Albany. For several years, did not survive the anyone since the days of the Vikings. Jens Munk and Henry Hudson were trip home. With an outsized ego, Christian IV set crisscrossing the seas, each going in out to eclipse his father’s achievements, the opposite direction, but with very and become the greatest monarch of similar intentions and destinations; to the age. The global race was on to find be the first to find either a northeast or an alternative sea route to the riches a across the top of of the Pacific trade, and in Christian (Continued on page 13) IV’s view, the discovery of such an alternative route needed to be made by Danish ships. Christian authorized four voyages to find the Northwest Passage in 1605, 1606, 1607, and 1612. The explorers kidnapped some native Greenlanders and shipped them back to Copenhagen for show. While they were at it, they declared to be the new property of Denmark. In a frenzy for quick riches, no one else bothered to challenge Denmark’s claim to what they didn’t know was an island the size of Hudson reported large groups of Arctic Mexico. A Danish naval ship from Christian IV’s time. Though there is no image of the ship whales on his voyage in 1607, may What they did find was icebergs captained by Jens Munk, it is expected that it looked much like this illustration have encourage the increase in the MARITIME MUSEUM NATIONAL PHOTO: the size of cathedrals, and channels of from The History of Denmark, Volume 4. whaling business in following years. The death of Willem Barents, 1597, by Christian Julius Lodewyck Portman

1) SUMMER 2019 | SCANDINAVIAN PRESS SCANDINAVIAN PRESS | SUMMER 2019 1! Hudson’s Final Voyage (Continued from page 11) the world, and to link the Atlantic and The British East India Company the Pacific oceans. and the Muscovy Company, along In 1608, Munk bought an old with private sponsors, jointly funded ship with his savings. He went in Hudson’s fourth voyage, on which he sought the possible Pacific-bound a partnership with Jens Hvid, and channel. Hudson sailed from London together they set sail on May 21, 1609, in April 1610 in the 55-ton ship for Novaya Zemlya, one year after Discovery, stopped briefly in , Henry Hudson was there. For Munk, then continued west. After traversing was this his appointment with destiny, the coast again, he passed through his chance to regain his stature in the inlet described by a previous society? explorer as a potential entry point to ______a northwest passage. (Now called While Munk was retracing Henry , it runs between Baffin Hudson’s voyage to Novaya Zemlya, Island and northern Quebec.) When Hudson was sailing around the the coastline suddenly opened up southern tip of Greenland, continuing towards the south, Hudson believed west, where he discovered Hudson he might have found the Pacific, but Bay, a body of water twice the size he soon realized he had sailed into a of the Baltic Sea. Henry thought he gigantic bay, now called . had found the Northwest Passage. Hudson continued sailing They got caught in the ice at James southward along the bay’s Bay, where they had to winter over. eastern coast until he reached its With food supplies perilously low, the southernmost extremity. .WIKIMEDIA MAP: next spring his crew mutinied and While enduring harsh winter put Henry, his teenage son, and seven Map of , where Munk and Hvid groped their way through dense fog conditions with no outlet to the others who were sick, on a small boat with visibility no greater than the length of their ship. Pacific in sight, some crewmembers with a few provisions. They were grew restless and hostile, suspecting never seen again. The sound of the ice grinding Munk had proven himself an excellent Hudson of hoarding rations to give ______against the ship’s side was terrifying, navigator, and a captain who brought to his favorites. In June 1611, as and it became even more so when the his men safely home. However, he was the expedition began heading back As Munk and Hvid approached the noise stopped. They put on more sail broke once again. to England, sailors Henry Green and White Sea, Hvid opted to head to the to maneuver in the ice, and with the In 1610, King Christian IV, having mainland to do some bear hunting, canvas as taut as steel, the ship either heard of Jens Munk’s bringing his crew somewhere near Kanin Noss, and didn’t move, or it moved independently back from certain death, provided him Munk pressed on toward Novaya of the rudder. Munk’s old ship could with two royal ships to try again to Zemlya. Charts were non-existent, and not withstand the pressure from the find the elusive shortcut to China, and the maps were useless. Clouds and fog ice. “Rivet sickness,” when the nails in a again Munk returned without results, impeded the making of astronomical wooden ship below the water line rust blocked by ice.

MAP: COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG MAP: calculations, and the high magnetic through all at the same time, signaled Robert Juet (who had been demoted as mate) led a mutiny. latitude compromised their compass the end. Water came pouring into the Jens Munk’s role in the Seizing Hudson and his son, they cast them adrift on Hudson readings. hold, where they kept all of their stores. Kalmar War 1611-1613 Bay in a small open lifeboat, along with seven other men who They had to grope their way through Munk gave the order to abandon ship. Christian IV was temporarily were suffering from scurvy. Hudson was never heard from with visibility no greater than the They spent the next two weeks distracted by a short war with Sweden again. length of their ship. With the advent rebuilding the small lifeboat from the called the Kalmar War. As a naval of spring, the top three feet of land sunken ship, with high sides, a single squadron leader, Munk’s role in the surface melted, with no drainage and sail, and planks held together with capture of the critical fortress Älvsborg In 1881, artist John Maler Collier, painted “The Last impassable marshes. Many of the reindeer sinew. Sixteen men piled in brought him into close contact with Voyage of Henry Hudson”, an oil painting depicting a forsaken seamen who managed to survive the and rowed over 200 kilometers through Christian IV. Before the war came to Henry, his son, and a crew menber after they were set adrift ice reached land only to drown in the ice-filled water, and succeeded in a an untimely end due to the plague that in the harsh environment of northern . muck. With high vapor content in rendezvous with Hvid at Kanin Noss. decimated the ranks of both the Swedes One of the most intrepid explorers of his age, he was not a the air and gray, dreary, monotonous Jens sat at the tiller with his compass and the Danes, Munk distinguished man who easily gave up. Historians agree that was Hudson’s skies overhead, and almost no sun, the and brought them through the fog to himself in battle, successfully attacking steely nature to press on and meet his objective that led to voyagers could only judge time by their their destination. By September, they under heavy fire. his demise, whatever that may have been. clocks. were all back in Copenhagen. Jens (Continued on page 14)

1@ SUMMER 2019 | SCANDINAVIAN PRESS SCANDINAVIAN PRESS | SUMMER 2019 1# (Continued from page 13) Jens Munk in the ______whaling business When he was immobilized by the 1617-1618 disease that ravaged the entire region, In most years, explorers were far the king sent him medications, but his outnumbered by the whalers. Between counterpart, the leader of land forces, the 17th and 19th centuries, there was given property and knighted. were over 29,000 whaling voyages to Once again Jens Munk’s greatest Spitzbergen, , and Hudson wish was denied him while it was Bay. Hundreds, probably thousands awarded to one of his peers. Christian of unknown whalers were crushed or IV felt obliged to avoid confrontation otherwise lost in the ice. Explorers with the powerful nobles who were often found whalers and fur trappers a the unforgiving enemies of the Munk source of valuable information, but few family name. of them left written records behind. ______Whaling was a complicated The war was considered a business that required experience and tremendous Danish military success, organization. The Basques, from the mountainous border region between

and there was great jubilation in COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG PHOTO: Spain and France, were the best in the Copenhagen and celebration all Munk distinguished himself in battle during the Kalmar War, successfully industry. The English and the Dutch around. It was to prove Denmark’s last. attacking under heavy fire to capture Sweden’s critical fortress Älvsborg. were trying to run the Basques out of The original fortress was located on the mainland, on the southern shore of

business, by attacking their whaling - ARCTIC WHALING JOHN STOBART ARTIST: Jens Munk as a the estuary, above modern day Klippan. Few ruins are visible today. ships with their big warships. The pirate hunter 1614 Basques were in temporary retreat, in Munk and his friend Jorgen Daa were hiding. assigned by Christian IV to seek out and ______capture a famous pirate. They chased Captain Jan Mendoza was a Spanish pirate, whose career in the him to the White Sea, where Jens Munk North Sea caused serious problems for Denmark’s king Christian IV It was Jens Munk who took six outsmarted him and militarily outfought because of the economic damages Mendoza inflicted. To counter these months traveling all over France him. Munk and Daa came back to acts of agression, the king sent two pirate hunters after him—Admiral looking for the Basques, negotiating Copenhagen with three pirate ships Jørgen Daa, and explorer-adventurer Jens Munk. with them, and persuading them to loaded with treasure chests of gold and They chased Mendoza from England to the coast of northern Russia, come work under the Danish flag, silver, and three whaling ships. At a time and back, with two battleships, “Victor”, and “Jupiter”. They finally and teach the Danes the business. In when Christian IV was devaluing the caught up with him, and Munk chased Mendoza into a small fjord. this manner, Jens was critical to the Danish currency to afford his spending Captain Daa hoped to solve matters peacefully, and suggested a establishment of the fledgling Danish habits, this was a huge financial success, meeting where they would discuss surrender. Mendoza rejected his whaling industry. without even considering putting this invitation unless Daa was willing to offer Jens Munk as insurance. ______menace to Danish commerce out of Munk didn’t mind, but the second he set foot on Mendoza’s ship Jens invested his considerable savings business! In an effort to prove that he was bound and treated like a prisoner. Mendoza reneged on his with an experienced whaling partner, whatever the commoner Jens Munk promise and remained on the ship. Mikkel Vibe in 1617. In the first year could do, the nobles could do better, Munk stayed the night, knowing Captain Daa would signal him of the business, he doubled his profit. they persuaded Christian IV that this with a cannon shot when they came to help him. In addition, because

Everyone likes to touch the sleeve of a 1690 WHALERS NEAR , - DUTCH ABRAHAM STORCK ARTIST: rogue marine terrorist had brothers and Jens had seen the pirate’s defense, he thought of a better strategy for dealing with his captors. He threatened Mendoza with such calm winner, hoping it will rub off. So when much other treasure that could yet be Christian IV planned a great colonial asked to withdraw from the expedition. was stunned to learn that enormous firmness that Mendoza set him free. seized, and the king sent them out in a expedition to the East Indies, he selected If this is so, it is doubtless because he amounts of Arctic ice had prevented Munk and Captain Daa attacked the pirates shortly thereafter, ridiculous search for nonexistent pirates Jens Munk to personally lead the 1,000 had already experienced a lifetime whaling that season. The two ships coming from three sides: from the “Victor,” the “Jupiter”, and from the with twice the ships and three times man force. Jens immediately went to of loyally supplying the experience returned to port without even one beach. After a lengthy battle, where one-third of Mendoza’s crew were the manpower. They took twice as long work on intense preparations, with and expertise but being denied the barrel of whale oil. as Jens Munk had, and they came back killed, all three ships were almost blown to pieces. Captain Mendoza attention to every detail. Six months authority, and routinely cheated of Jens Munk had no reserves and no without ever laying eyes on the mast surrendered, and his crew members were executed by drowning. into the plan, Christian IV changed his recognition. He recognized the game, credit. He was financially ruined, and of a pirate ship. To add insult to injury, Mendoza and his first mate were sent to Copenhagen to be mind. Munk would not be the admiral. and he didn’t want to play anymore. he had to withdraw from the company Munk was required to go with them, hanged. In Mendoza’s ship, Daa and Jens Munk found riches worthy He wouldn’t even go on the trip. He While Jens had been preoccupied formed with Vibe. The whaling but demoted to a humiliating post on an of a great pirate: ten chests loaded with gold, all so heavy that it was replaced by a 24-year-old novice, with the preparations for the massive industry, organized around the Basques expedition led by incompetent, partying took ten men to carry just one of them. — Source: Listverse without any naval experience or the colonial expedition, fate conspired he had brought in, flourished in future noblemen who considered themselves tropics. However, he was a noble. against him. Expecting a whaling decades, but without Munk. his betters. No loot and no rewards. Some sources indicate Jens Munk season similar to the previous one, he (Continued on page 16)

1$ SUMMER 2019 | SCANDINAVIAN PRESS SCANDINAVIAN PRESS | SUMMER 2019 1% (Continued from page 15) A race to the finish Munk knew the route his replacement would have to take to get to East India, and he knew that if he could find the storied Northwest Passage first, he could cut the distance in half and arrive in East India ahead of his rival, the 24-year-old nobleman Ove Giedde. What a sweet triumph that would be! He approached Christian IV, and perhaps overtaken by some temporary guilt for having previously abused Munk, Christian gave him two MUSEUMS GREENWICH ROAYL PHOTO: ships, the Unicorn and the Lamprey, 1619-1620 Jens Munk‘s route to the Hudson Bay, to present day Churchill, and 65 men. The race was on! Manitoba, Canada, in a futile search for the fabled Northwest Passage to India. KRISTIANSEN ANNETTE LILLEVANG PHOTO: Munk and his crew found their There is no image of Jens Munk, but his original 400-year- way to the Hudson Bay that had The day after Christian IV’s funeral, a brought his men home against all odds. old diary has survived the ages, and is today displayed already claimed its namesake, Henry merchant demanded payment for the He was ambitious and persistent, but in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. It is handwritten and Hudson, in 1619. They did not find the fabric to line the king’s coffin. They had with the humility to eventually accept very well-preserved. How fortunate that the diary still Northwest Passage or East India. to buy his shroud on credit. His family what he could not change. He was exists today, when it could easily have been lost, as his ______was not there to comfort him as he lay considered a commoner, but he was a burial site has been. dying of stomach cancer. His longtime most uncommon man. During the following winter near lover was with another man; his what is now Churchill, Manitoba, every favorite daughter had married a traitor Nordvest Xpediten single member of his crew except two to the throne, and his eldest son and died of starvation, exposure, or scurvy. heir to the throne was dead of drink Northwest Expedition him...” said Japp.’ Thinking himself the only one left, Jens and dissipation the year before. The film’s Munk sat down and penned his Last In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of 400 years after the Jens Munk’s screenwriter and PHOTO; JAPP PRODUCTION PHOTO; will, on June 4, 1620. As he prepared Denmark, Hamlet’s “To be or not to expedition to the Hudson, Danish cinematographer his final thoughts, two more survivors be” soliloquy was about whether the filmmaker Ole Japp, trained as an also plays the main character, Jens that the audience liked it”, said Japp. showed up. Together they modified the anguish, heartache, and setbacks of an advertising photographer, has created Munk, in the movie. Today, there is little remaining of smaller ship, the Lamprey. Then Jens exhausting life were worth the effort, a film that took more than seven Following the events listed in Jens Munk’s expedition. A couple of Munk performed the near impossible, the constant striving: years to complete. The film, Nordvest Munk’s diary, the crew set up sets and cannon balls and a piece of iron from and brought the three of them past Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind Xpediten, has been Japp’s dream for scenes in the sequence in which Munk the frigate Unicorn were unearthed Greenland and across the stormy North to suffer The slings and arrows of decades, and was first shown in 2015 described them. in 1964, during an expedition to the Atlantic, and with precision, to , outrageous fortune, Or to take arms in Denmark. When little is known about the mouth of the Churchill River. Scientists in just two months! Three emaciated, against a sea of troubles, ‘I remember, I first read about Jens expedition it was necessary to are almost certain the cannon balls exhausted men in a small ship Or whether death should be Munk back in school, and I’ve been interpret a number of episodes in the and other artifacts are from the designed for a crew of 16. Jens Munk welcomed as relief from such suffering: fascinated with him ever since. He’s film. Today, nobody knows exactly how Unicorn, but the ship was destroyed by may not have been the master of his To die: to sleep... always been in my heart. I simply the ships Unicorn and the Lampray the strong ice packs. couldn’t let go of the story about fate, but he was undoubtedly a master ______looked, so Japp studied a number of and courageous mariner. paintings of ships from the same era to ______John Bechtel is a professional In conclusion get the right look. freelance writer for Death was the great equalizer for Jens Munk returned to the service ALOVELYWORLD.COM PHOTO: When the movie had its debut in the food, wine, of Christian IV, who had led Denmark Jens Munk and Christian IV, and now, In 1628, Jens Munk took his last 2015, it was quite well received by the and tourism into the disastrous Thirty Years War. belatedly and posthumously, Jens breath in Copenhagen, and was Danish audience. Seventeen cinemas industries; Munk died of injuries on June 26, 1628, Munk is getting the recognition he buried in the Saint Nicholas Church in Denmark showed the film. ghostwriting according to one source, inflicted by deserves, for his out-of-this-world big in the same city. Sadly, if there was a “We were very proud, because non-fiction Christian IV with a wooden stick in one ideas, and his death-defying resolve headstone or plot marker identifying our movie had a bigger audience books; and final disagreement with his loyal servant. to test them. He never saw failures as where he was laid to rest, it has than the movie Hidalgo, starring the web content As for Christian IV, he died 20 years reasons to quit, and he refused to be disappeared, and all information about famous Danish-American actor, Viggo strategist for later, on February 28, 1648, lonely, intimidated by those who thought an the location of his burial plot has been Mortensen, for a period of time. Of businesses. bitter, and broke. Denmark and its accident of birth made them superior lost forever. course that’s great to experience. The Follow him on his website: many institutions were bankrupt, and to him. He was educated, multi-lingual, His legacy lives on, however, and in KRISTIANSEN ANNETTE LILLEVANG PHOTO: Jens Munk film was a true passion www.johnbechtelwriter.com even the king’s crown was in hock. a highly skilled mariner who often 2019-2020, we celebrate The 400th Japp with ship models used in film. project, and of course, it’s great to see Anniversary of his days in Canada. O1^ SUMMER 2019 | SCANDINAVIAN PRESS SCANDINAVIANSCANDINAVIAN PRESSPRESS || SUMMERSUMMER 20192019 O1&