Autonomous Tractors the Rise of the Robots
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Kondinin Group ResearchMAY 2017 No. 088 www.farmingahead.com.au Report AUTONOMOUS TRACTORS THE RISE OF THE ROBOTS Independent information for agriculture H RE RC PO A R E T S • E RESEARCH REPORT AUTONOMOUS TRACTORS K R O • N P D U I N O I R N G Autonomous Tractors – the rise of the robots When it first hit the market, the uptake of auto-steer systems was exponential, despite $100,000-plus price tags for high-end units. As with most technology, the 20-year-old tech is now worthless and most probably collecting dust in the corner of many machinery sheds on farms across the country. Those pioneer auto-steer systems have been replaced with systems more sophisticated, capable and for a fraction of the cost. Technology moves at an incredible pace, particularly when improved efficiency or efficacy can be demonstrated. Autonomous systems are likely to follow in the footsteps of auto-steer according to Kondinin Group engineer, Ben White, who has seen autonomous tractors implemented on Australian farms successfully. rguably, autonomous tractors how they are progressing towards making licence is required to address the concerns will be here and commonplace autonomous machinery readily available. of the general public when it comes to farm within a decade given the machinery operating without a human in amount of research, development ADDRESSING THE CONCERNS the driver’s seat? The main objections to Aand investment that is happening globally. Social licence is a term used in many autonomous machinery operation in farming In this month’s Research Report, we conversations where technology is are typically aligned with the perceived look at the companies working in the incorporated into agriculture as we strive threats to jobs or questions around a 150kW+ autonomous farm machinery space and to make it more efficient. So what social (200hp+) tractor operating unsupervised Auto pilot: Autonomous tractors are already operating on farms in Australia with adaptation of existing platforms like this Fendt 936 operating near Moree. Swarm style autonomous machines are also making a mark with at least 50 likely to be working on broadacre farms here in the next 12 months. 2 Research Report May 2017 No. 088 © Kondinin Group – Reproduction in whole or part is www.farmingahead.com.au not permitted without permission. Freecall 1800 677 761 RCH A RE SE P E O R R • RESEARCH REPORT AUTONOMOUS TRACTORS T • P K U O O N R D G I N N I Servicing, managing, optimising and observing tractor performance for example, may deliver opportunities for a wider workforce and one that could bring new skill-sets, potentially leveraging the efficiency delivered by the technology. and without direct human intervention. In Earning public trust however will addressing these, manufacturers go to lengths probably see some interim steps towards to point out that this new technology may full autonomy. Master-slave or observed actually create new industries and associated autonomy will probably be the first step for WHAT IS LiDAR? jobs with a requirement for observation larger equipment. Light Detection and Ranging and monitoring potentially still required, (LiDAR) is a remote sensing albeit not physically in the cab of the AUTONOMY PIONEERS technology. LiDAR uses multiple tractor. Servicing, managing, optimising and It isn’t surprising many of the large farm rotating lasers to measure the observing tractor performance for example, machinery companies are working on the proximity of objects. may deliver opportunities for a wider autonomous machinery front. But there are The volume of measurement data workforce and one that could bring new skill- other players, backed by investment capital is staggering and can be used to sets, potentially leveraging the efficiency and concepts that are also working in the build a “3D picture” of the landscape delivered by the technology. space. There are two distinct approaches around the sensor making it ideal for Safety has been one of the primary to autonomy, the first is the adaptation detecting objects in the path of an concerns of manufacturers, with levels of of existing platforms, primarily larger autonomous tractor. redundancy for safety not seen on other farm horsepower tractors that can be adapted to LiDAR has been used by machinery previously. Light and Detection full autonomy. the automotive industry in the Ranging (LIDAR), Sound Navigation and The alternate approach is the “swarm” development of autonomous cars. Ranging (SONAR), kill-switches, weather style with numerous smaller autonomous This has seen the cost of systems monitoring and GPS drop-out stops are just a machines operating synchronously with a fall dramatically and the size of the few of the detection or errors that will bring central control to maximise efficiency and LiDAR sensors reduced. autonomous machinery to a standstill. eliminate duplication or collision. A quantum leap in productivity! RUBICON 9048.5 Scan to see the video of RUBICON in action W: hardi.com.au P: 1300 042 734 www.farmingahead.com.au © Kondinin Group – Reproduction in whole or part is No. 088 May 2017 Research Report 3 not permitted without permission. Freecall 1800 677 761 H RE RC PO A R E T S • E RESEARCH REPORT AUTONOMOUS TRACTORS K R O • N P D U I N O I R N G Case study update “Beefwood” Driverless expansion Moree, NSW Driverless Fendt 936 tractor Upgraded to LIDAR system 10,000ha spot sprayed continues at Beefwood 5000ha wheel track renovation Light work: Beefwood’s 243kW or 326hp Fendt tractor is fitted with LiDAR, which allows it to operate without a driver and detect obstacles. Low maintenance: The LiDAR unit is mounted on the front of the tractor, providing a detection field of about 80m in front of the tractor, in a 190 degree arc. errit and Pam Kurstjens are sold tractor. If we reduced the sensitivity, it been made to the sensitivity of the on-board on the benefits of autonomy on might not detect objects in the field or it system. “For example, with the previous their property “Beefwood” at detected them too late. system, in a rough part of a paddock, the Moree in New South Wales. “But the second generation has a lot of gear lever may move and the system would GKondinin Group first caught up with the improvements including it only has one then think a person is in the tractor and Kurstjens almost two years ago when they CANBUS connection and one connector disengage the system. Now it’s much more started using a driverless tractor – a 243kW on the back of the tractor to connect the tolerant,” Gerrit said. Fendt – for spot spraying to help control different implements to the controller.” “Another handy improvement is the Flea Bane and other weeds. The LiDAR unit on the front of the Fendt addition of an isolation switch. Previously, With 10,000ha of spraying and 5000ha of covers a forward facing arc of 190 degrees if the tractor finished a paddock, we would wheel track renovations now completed by to a distance of about 80m in front of the get a message and then we had to go to the the autonomous Fendt, the Kurstjens plan to tractor. field to switch off the ignition.” add another two tractors to their driverless If an object is detected in that viewing Gerrit also hopes to be able to incorporate fleet in the next 12 months. field 40m in front of the tractor, the tractor the driverless technology into harvesting Gerrit said there have been several will slow to 4km/h ground speed and if the operations, such as chaser bin hauling. improvements to the driverless technology, tractor gets to within a few metres of the The driverless technology is undoubtedly including software and hardware upgrades object, the tractor will stop. getting better and is proven in several other and moving to a LiDAR detection system If the tractor is stopped for 15 minutes, industries such as mining and shipping ports instead of radar. The LiDAR or Light then a text message alert is sent to a mobile where it is used for collision avoidance and Detection and Ranging system uses a laser phone. moving containers. which sits on the front of the Fendt in a Prior to the tractor operating in a Precision Control Australia is also module not much bigger than a shoe box. paddock, the paddock is mapped (using working on making the driverless tech The LiDAR unit – branded a SICK LMS5 – localised base stations) and permanent compatible with other brands of tractors. is sold by Precision Makers, located in the features such as dams and power poles At Beefwood, Gerrit estimates he has Netherlands, and handled in Australia by are marked on the map. The driverless saved about 600 hours of manned driving Precision Control Australia. technology also includes a “Play and Learn” to date but he also believes the driverless “The upgrades have definitely made the feature where the tractor can be driven system can lead to lower maintenance costs. system more user friendly and reliable,” normally (with a driver) and whatever “I have seen data from the mining Gerrit said. operations are performed are recorded, industry which shows even compared to “One of the problems with the previous which can then be re-enacted by the tractor skilled drivers, driverless trucks get 40% radar was that it detected trees and other without the driver. more hours out of the tyres and require less obstacles on fence lines and stopped the Gerrit said other improvements have than half of the repair costs.” 4 Research Report May 2017 No. 088 © Kondinin Group – Reproduction in whole or part is www.farmingahead.com.au not permitted without permission.