GERARD of ABBEVILLE, SECULAR MASTER, on KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM and CONTEMPLATION a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of T
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GERARD OF ABBEVILLE, SECULAR MASTER, ON KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM AND CONTEMPLATION A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Stephen M. Metzger _____________________________ Kent Emery, Jr., Director Graduate Program in Medieval Studies Notre Dame, Indiana April 2013 © Copyright 2013 Stephen M. Metzger GERARD OF ABBEVILLE, SECULAR MASTER, ON KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM AND CONTEMPLATION Abstract by Stephen M. Metzger The thirteenth-century secular Master of Theology Gerard of Abbeville († 1272), who taught at the University of Paris for well over a decade, was on the wrong side of history. Although the history of the University of Paris during the thirteenth century has received much scholarly attention, the contribution of secular masters to that history during the middle of the thirteenth century has been largely overlooked. It has become a generally agreed upon assumption that soon after their arrival in Paris, Dominican and Franciscan theologians made the most significant contributions to the development of Scholastic philosophy and theology, especially Thomas Aquinas and Bonaventure. This dissertation challenges this assumption by presenting the life, career and writings of the leading secular master of the third quarter of the thirteenth century. This study originates from a close examination of two of Gerard’s manuscripts that were included among the more than three hundred books that he donated to the College of Sorbonne. In addition to preserving the content of his thought, these books contain important evidence concerning the nature of Gerard’s scholarly career and the manner in which he taught. After a preliminary examination of his will, which reveals his Stephen M. Metzger social and ecclesiastical position, this dissertation probes Gerard’s manuscripts for what they reveal about the way in which secular masters taught theology as well as the content of that teaching. Gerard was an ardent advocate and defender of the theologia communis of the University of Paris. By means of his donation to the Sorbonne he ensured the legacy of this tradition among Parisian thinkers. In order to elucidate how Gerard embodied the official Scholasticism of the thirteenth century, this thesis examines his conception of the continuity of cognition from faith through contemplation to the vision of God at the general resurrection and presents for the first time editions of several of Gerard’s writings. Michaeli Dionysio Metzger beatae memoriae ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................................................ vi Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 15906 .......................................xv List of Questions by Gerard of Abbeville in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906.............................................................................. xxiv Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 16405 ................................. xxxiii List of Questions by Gerard of Abbeville in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 16405................................................................................ xlii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. lii Abbreviations..................................................................................................................... lv In apparatu critico ................................................................................................ lvi Chapter 1: A Thirteenth-Century Secular Master................................................................1 1.1 Introduction........................................................................................................1 1.2 A Thirteenth-Century Secular Master................................................................7 1.2.1 Opponent of the Franciscans and Dominicans..................................10 1.2.2 Gerard’s Will and His Gift of Books to the College of Sorbonne....16 1.2.3 Gerard’s Will and the Office of a Master of Theology in the Thirteenth Century.........................................................................36 1.3 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Quodlibet IX questio 6] ..........54 Chapter 2: The Professionalization of Theology and the Theologian ...............................56 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................56 2.2 Gerard of Abbeville and His Inaugural Lectures.............................................64 2.2.1 Gerard’s Principium in aula .............................................................66 2.2.2 The Principium resumptum...............................................................71 2.3 What Does It Mean to Be a Theologian?.........................................................80 2.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................84 2.5 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Principium in aula].................89 2.6 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Principium resumptum] ..........96 Chapter 3: The Scholastic Duties of a Secular Master ....................................................112 3.1 Introduction....................................................................................................112 3.2 Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906: A Window into a Regent Master’s Classroom .117 3.3 A Regent Master’s School Where Questions Reign......................................138 3.4 Gerard’s Quodlibeta: Ms. lat. 16405 and the Editorial Project of a Secular Master ......................................................................................................156 iii 3.4.1 Gerard’s Personal Copy of His Quodlibeta ....................................159 3.5 Conclusion .....................................................................................................176 m 3.6 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Questiones in III librum Sententiarum] d.19 c.5, in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906, MS 3 .................178 m 3.7 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Questiones in III librum Sententiarum] d.19 c.5, in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906, MS 2 .................183 m 3.8 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Questiones in III librum Sententiarum] d.20 c.1, in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906, MS 3 .................187 m 3.9 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Questiones in III librum Sententiarum] d.20 c.1, in Paris, BNF, Ms. lat. 15906, MS 3 .................198 Chapter 4: The Relation of the Soul to the Body.............................................................206 4.1 A Quodlibetal Question on the Eve of the Condemnation of 1270 ...............207 4.2 Gerard of Abbeville on the Unicity of the Intellect .......................................223 4.2.1 The Intellect and Its Creation..........................................................226 4.2.2 The Nature of the Soul in the Human Composite...........................231 4.2.3 Merit and Salvation.........................................................................237 4.2.4 Gerard’s Response to the Objections of the Philosophers..............239 m 4.3 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA [Questiones in III librum Sententiarum] d.5 q.5...............................................................................245 Chapter 5: Knowledge, Science and Wisdom..................................................................255 5.1 Existere: Substance and Form of the Body....................................................258 5.1.1 The Soul’s Relation to the Body.....................................................259 5.1.2 How the Soul Gives Life to an Organized Organic Body ..............266 5.1.3 The Soul’s Twofold Act as Form....................................................268 5.2 Intelligere.......................................................................................................274 5.2.1 The Reception of a Form by an Individuated Intellect ...................274 5.2.2 Active and Passive Parts of the Intellective Soul............................279 5.2.3 Human Knowledge of Singulars.....................................................284 5.2.4 Intentiones.......................................................................................293 5.3 Abstraction and the Division of the Sciences ................................................296 5.3.1 The Gifts of the Holy Spirit ............................................................300 5.3.2 The Different Types of Knowledge ................................................311 5.4 Illumination as the Guarantor of Certitude ....................................................318 5.5 Conclusion .....................................................................................................328 5.6 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA De donis in generali...............331 5.7 Critical Edition: GERARDI DE ABBATISVILLA Tractatus de dono scientie .....371 5.8 Critical Edition: [EUSTACHIUS ATREBATENSIS, Questiones de fide] .............408 Chapter 6: Faith, Contemplation and Vision ...................................................................428 6.1 Faith, Reason and Contemplation..................................................................428 6.2 The Status of Knowledge in the Beatific Vision ...........................................437 6.2.1 The Circulation