International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article An Integrated Approach to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Gold Mining: The Nzema-Gold Mines in the Ellembelle District of Ghana as a Case Study Dawuda Usman Kaku 1 , Yonghong Cao 1,2,*, Yousef Ahmed Al-Masnay 1 and Jean Claude Nizeyimana 1 1 School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China;
[email protected] (D.U.K.);
[email protected] (Y.A.A.-M.);
[email protected] (J.C.N.) 2 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: The mining industry is a significant asset to the development of countries. Ghana, Africa’s second-largest gold producer, has benefited from gold mining as the sector generates about 90% of the country’s total exports. Just like all industries, mining is associated with benefits and risks to indigenes and the host environment. Small-scale miners are mostly accused in Ghana of being environmentally disruptive, due to their modes of operations. As a result, this paper seeks to assess the environmental impacts of large-scale gold mining with the Nzema Mines in Ellembelle as a case study. The study employs a double-phase mixed-method approach—a case study approach, consisting of site visitation, key informant interviews, questionnaires, and literature reviews, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis method. The NDVI analysis shows that Citation: Usman Kaku, D.; Cao, Y.; agricultural land reduced by −0.98%, while the bare area increases by 5.21% between the 2008 and Al-Masnay, Y.A.; Nizeyimana, J.C.