DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnographic Research on Hidden Populations: Penetrating the Drug World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnographic Research on Hidden Populations: Penetrating the Drug World If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. National Institute on Drug Abuse MONOGRAPH SERlE!? The C Ilection __ AI Interp tation 'ata , 1 i den .... \lo...ulati ns (l~ ,,00",-, ~ ns (4- ......... "'-- --'~-"""----- U s. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Heallh Service • Alcohol. DrUG Abuse, and Mental Health Admmrstrallon The Collection and Interpretation of Data from Hidden Populations Editor: Elizabeth Y. Lambert, M.S. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA Research Monograph 98 1990 U.S. DEPAR1MENT OF HEALTII AND I-IUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 128609 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this ""ausat material has been granted by Public Domain/U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis· sion of the""" owner. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ~-- The Collection and Interpretation of Data from Hidden Populations ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is based upon papers and discussion from a technical review on the collection and interpretation of data from hidden populations that took place on July 13 and 14, 1988, in Rockville, MD. The review meeting was sponsored by the Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse. COPYRIGHf STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder's permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. DHHS publication number (ADM)90-1678 Printed 1990 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, BioSciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. iv Contents Introduction ..................................... 1 Elizabeth Y. Lambert and W. Wayne Wiebel Identifying and Gaining Access to Hidden Populations ........../2gCoIO 4 W. Wayne Wiebel The Role of Ethnography in Substance Abuse Research and Public Policy: Historical Precedent and 1';< g<o II Future Prospects . .. 12 Harvey W. Feldman and Michael R. Aldrich Methodological and Design Issues: Techniques for ..1"') .. 8'. ..~ 1.2. .. 31 Assessing the Representatives of Snowball Samples Karl M. van Meter Requirements for Inductive Analysis .....................I~ gro /3 44 Peter Adler Computer Analysis of Qualitative Data ......... r~. ~ ~.t~. .. 59 Richard B. Fritz Ethnographic Field Stations ................ .J~ ~ .~J. r. .. 80 Paul J. Goldstein, Barry J. Spunt, Thomas Miller, and Patricia Bellucci Ethnographic Research on Hidden Populations: Penetrating the Drug World .......................... 96 Patricia Adler v Recovery From Opiate Addiction Without Treatment: J,;;) cr ~ I 6;, A Summary .................................... 113 Patrick Biernacki Women and Addiction: Process, Treatment Jd '3 ~ I J and Outcome . 120 Marsha Rosenbaum and Sheigla Murphy Chicano Intravenous Drug Users ..............' ~ ?~.I . 8 . 128 Reyes Ramos The German Bridge: A Street Hookers' Strip / ;} 8 (., I 9 in the Amsterdam Red Light District . 146 Hans T. Verbraeck List of NIDA Research Monographs .. 156 vi Introduction Elizabeth Y. Lambert and W. Wayne Wiebel The relative merits of qualitative versus quantitative research designs have long been debated in scientific literature. Each brings its own strengths and weaknesses to the process of analyzing and understanding complex human behavior. The National Institute on Drug Abuse publishes numerous docu­ ments, reports, and monographs about quantitative studies of drug abuse and drug-related problems. This particular monograph is different because it addresses qualitative approaches to the study of drug abuse, namely, ethnog­ raphy and ethnographic research designs. The intent here is to examine unique attributes of ethnographic research and review how these attributes support efforts to understand issues often obscured by more quantitative methods. Specific focus is on ethnographic methods and techniques de­ signed to access the so-called "hidden populations." "Hidden populations" euphemistically refers to those who are disadvantaged and disenfranchised: the homeless and transient, chronically mentally ill, high school dropouts, criminal offenders, prostitutes, juvenile delinquents, gang members, runaways, and other "street people"-those we are all aware of to one degree or another, yet know so little about. These populations are often omitted from nationally representative surveys, largely because they have no fixed address or because they are less likely to be found at home or to agree to an interview. Ironically, those who belong to hidden populations are often at greater risk of drug abuse and drug-related morbid­ ity than the general population. That is, the very individuals who might benefit the most from drug abuse treatment and prevention efforts are the least studied, the least understood, and the most elusive to epidemiologists, clinicians, researchers, and others concerned with understanding and improv­ ing the public health of these popu1ations. Ethnographic research methods are appropriate for topics about which little is known, primarily because ethnography is by its nature fundamental and exploratory, preparing the way for more rigorous studies that strive for pre­ cision and quantification. An example is the advent of acquired immuno­ deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the early 1980s, a mysterious disease that challenged medical research and epidemiology throughout the world. Eth­ nography served to fill knowledge gaps and set the groundwork for further scientific inquiry. Such efforts included, for example, studies of needle- 1 sharing behaviors and sexual practices, particularly among prostitutes. It is at this exploratory, descriptive stage of research that ethnographic and quali­ tative methods can make significant contributions to the knowledge and understanding of problems and to the formulation of subsequent questions for quantitative research, including clinical studies, laboratory experiments, and population-based surveys. This monograph reviews ethnographic methods used to study drug abuse and drug-related issues, then presents case studies that illustrate practical applications of ethnography. The first paper, by Dr. Wayne Wiebel, sets the tone for the entire monograph. It provides the rationale for the techni­ cal review meeting and gives an overview of issues related to ethnography and qualitative science, then describes sources of drug abuse indicator data and several well-known studies of drug abuse that were conducted using ethnographic research methods. Dr. Harvey Feldman, author of the next paper, provides an historical perspective on the use of ethnography in substance abuse research by describing one of the first events ever recorded (back in the 5th Century BC), moving through time to current applications like the study of the AIDS epidemic, and projecting future. uses of ethnographic methods in efforts to prevent and treat drug abuse and AIDS. The next set of p3pers focuses on methodological issues in ethnography. Dr. Karl van Meter's paper addresses snowball sampling, while Dr. Peter Adler reviews the history, application, strengths, weaknesses, and current status of the method of sociologic ethnography known as inductive analysis. The paper by Dr. Richard Fritz is devoted to a thorough review of the analytic needs of ethnographic researchers, including a survey of current word-search and text-retrieval programs that can support the analySis of qualitative data. Dr. Paul Goldstein's contribution focuses on the ethno­ graphic field station and includes descriptions of real-life situaLions and, experiences common to the conduct of substance abuse research from such settings in New York City. The next set of papers merges theory with actual case studies. The first, by Dr. Patricia Adler, presents a candid review of practical considerations, constraints, and experiences encountered while conducting ethnographic research in the world of drug distributors and smugglers. The next, by Dr. Patrick Biernacki, describes recovery from opiate addiction without treatment and reviews findings from a study that used the chain referral method to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Genus Anadenanthera in Amerindian Cultures
    THE GENUS ANADENANTHERA IN AMERINDIAN CULTURES BY SIRI VON REIS ALTSCHUL, PH .D. RESEARCH FELLOW BOTANICAL MUSEUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1972 This monograph is dedicated in affectionate memory to the late DANIEL HERBERT EFRON, PH.D., M.D. 1913-1972 cherished friend of the author and of the Botanical Museum, a true scientist devoted to the interdisciplinary approach in the advancement of knowledge. A/""'f""'<J liz {i>U<// t~ },~u 0<<J4 ~ If;. r:J~ ~ //"'~uI ~ ()< d~ ~ !dtd't;:..1 "./.u.L .A Vdl0 If;;: ~ '" OU'''-k4 :/"­ tu-d ''''''"-''t2.. ?,,".jd,~ jft I;ft'- ?_rl; A~~ ~r'4tft,t -5 " q,.,<,4 ~~ l' #- /""/) -/~ "1'Ii;. ,1""", "/'/1'1",, I X C"'-r'fttt. #) (../..d ~;, . W,( ~ ~ f;r"'" y it;.,,J 11/" Y 4J.. %~~ l{jr~ t> ~~ ~txh '1'ix r 4 6~" c/<'T'''(''-;{' rn« ?.d ~;;1';;/ a-.d txZ-~ ~ ;o/~ <A.H-iz "" ~".,/( 1-/X< "..< ,:" -.... ~ ~ . JJlr-0? on .­ .it-(,0.1' r 4 -11<.1.- aw./{') -:JL. P7t;;"j~;1 S .d-At ;0~/lAQ<..t ,ti~?,f,.... vj "7rU<-'- ~I""" =iiR-I1;M~ a....k«<-l, ¢- f!!) d..;.:~ M ~ ~y£/1 ~/.u..-... It'--, "" # :Z:-,k. "i ~ "d/~ efL<.<~/ ,w 1'#,') /';~~;d-t a;.. tlArl-<7'" I .Ii;'~.1 (1(-;.,} >Lc -(l"7C),.,..,;.. :.... ,,:/ ~ /-V,~ , ,1" # (i F'"' l' fJ~~A- (.tG- ~/~ Z:--7Co- ,,:. ,L7r= f,-, , ~t) ahd-p;: fJ~ / tr>d .4 ~f- $. b".,,1 ~/. ~ pd. 1'7'-· X ~-t;;;;.,~;z jM ~0Y:tJ;; ~ """.,4? br;K,' ./.n.u" ~ 7r .".,.~,j~ ;;f;tT ~ ..4'./ ;pf,., tJd~ M_~ (./I<'/~.'. IU. et. c./,. ~L.y !f-t.<H>:t;.tu ~ ~,:,-,p., .....:.
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Organization of Small Farmers: Case Study Analysis of Interaction, Satisfaction, and Cooperative Behavior
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1979 The oS cial Organization of Small Farmers: a Case Study Analysis of Interaction, Satisfaction, and Cooperative Behavior. Joyce Louise Smith Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Smith, Joyce Louise, "The ocS ial Organization of Small Farmers: a Case Study Analysis of Interaction, Satisfaction, and Cooperative Behavior." (1979). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 3417. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/3417 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)’\ If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy.
    [Show full text]
  • Bifurcated Snuff Tubes in the Pre-Columbian Caribbean
    Journal of Caribbean Archaeology Copyright 2020 ISBN 1524-4776 Conduits to the supernatural: Bifurcated snuff tubes in the pre-Columbian Caribbean Joanna Ostapkowicz School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford, OX1 2PG, UK [email protected] UK museum collections hold an important and largely unexplored corpus of Caribbean pre-Columbian cultural heritage, including seminal pieces that can offer new insights into the development of complex rituals in the region. This paper re-establishes the cultural context and significance of a previously undocumented carving related to cohoba drug rituals: an ornate, composite snuff tube carved of cannel coal, recovered from the Lesser Antillean island of St Vincent before 1870, and donated to Oxford's Pitt Rivers Museum in 1900. Both the material (which does not occur in the insular Caribbean) and the carving style suggest that the snuff tube was an import from Venezuela's Lower Orinoco region, where the Barrancoid style emerged in its classic form ca. ~100 BC - AD 500 (Los Barrancos complex). As such, it is the earliest example of drug paraphernalia often assumed to have been used only after ~AD 1000, and isolated to the chiefdom-level societies of the Greater Antilles. This paper contributes a brief review of the St Vincent snuff tube within the context of other stone and wood examples in public collections in efforts to explore their diagnostics, range and, ultimately, the ceremonies in which they were used. Las colecciones museísticas del Reino Unido conservan un importante y a su vez poco conocido corpus de materiales pertenecientes al patrimonio precolombino caribeño, entre los que se incluyen piezas destacadas que pueden ofrecer información sobre el desarrollo de rituales complejos en la región.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ladies Vanish? American Sociology and the Genealogy of Its Missing Women on Wikipedia Wei Luo, Julia Adams and Hannah Brueck
    The Ladies Vanish? American Sociology and the Genealogy of its Missing Women on Wikipedia Wei Luo, Julia Adams and Hannah Brueckner Working Paper # 0012 January 2018 Division of Social Science Working Paper Series New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island P.O Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE https://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/academics/divisions/social-science.html 1 The Ladies Vanish? American Sociology and the Genealogy of its Missing Women on Wikipedia Wei Luo Yale University [email protected] Julia Adams Yale University [email protected] Hannah Brueckner NYU-Abu Dhabi [email protected] Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this research from the National Science Foundation (grant #1322971), research assistance from Yasmin Kakar, and comments from Scott Boorman, anonymous reviewers, participants in the Comparative Research Workshop at Yale Sociology, as well as from panelists and audience members at the Social Science History Association. 2 The Ladies Vanish? American Sociology and the Genealogy of its Missing Women on Wikipedia Wei Luo, Julia Adams and Hannah Brueckner “People just don't vanish and so forth.” “But she has.” “What?” “Vanished.” “Who?” “The old dame.” … “But how could she?” “What?” “Vanish.” “I don't know.” “That just explains my point. People just don't disappear into thin air.” --- Alfred Hitchcock, The Lady Vanishes (1938)1 INTRODUCTION In comparison to many academic disciplines, sociology has been relatively open to women since its founding, and seems increasingly so. Yet many notable female sociologists are missing from the public history of American sociology, both print and digital. The rise of crowd- sourced digital sources, particularly the largest and most influential, Wikipedia, seems to promise a new and more welcoming approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Visions: Sacred Plants, Art and Spirituality
    AM 9:31 2 12/10/14 2 224926_Covers_DEC10.indd INNER VISIONS: SACRED PLANTS, ART AND SPIRITUALITY Brauer Museum of Art • Valparaiso University Vision 12: Three Types of Sorcerers Gouache on paper, 12 x 16 inches. 1989 Pablo Amaringo 224926_Covers_DEC10.indd 3 12/10/14 9:31 AM 3 224926_Text_Dec12.indd 3 12/12/14 11:42 AM Inner Visions: Sacred Plants, Art and Spirituality • An Exhibition of Art Presented by the Brauer Museum • Curated by Luis Eduardo Luna 4 224926_Text.indd 4 12/9/14 10:00 PM Contents 6 From the Director Gregg Hertzlieb 9 Introduction Robert Sirko 13 Inner Visions: Sacred Plants, Art and Spirituality Luis Eduardo Luna 29 Encountering Other Worlds, Amazonian and Biblical Richard E. DeMaris 35 The Artist and the Shaman: Seen and Unseen Worlds Robert Sirko 73 Exhibition Listing 5 224926_Text.indd 5 12/9/14 10:00 PM From the Director In this Brauer Museum of Art exhibition and accompanying other than earthly existence. Additionally, while some objects publication, expertly curated by the noted scholar Luis Eduardo may be culture specific in their references and nature, they are Luna, we explore the complex and enigmatic topic of the also broadly influential on many levels to, say, contemporary ritual use of sacred plants to achieve visionary states of mind. American and European subcultures, as well as to contemporary Working as a team, Luna, Valparaiso University Associate artistic practices in general. Professor of Art Robert Sirko, Valparaiso University Professor We at the Brauer Museum of Art wish to thank the Richard E. DeMaris and the Brauer Museum staff present following individuals and agencies for making this exhibition our efforts of examining visual products arising from the possible: the Brauer Museum of Art’s Brauer Endowment, ingestion of these sacred plants and brews such as ayahuasca.
    [Show full text]
  • Concepts and the Social Order Robert K
    CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK Concepts and the Social Order Robert K. Merton and the Future of Sociology Table of Contents The volume offers a comprehensive perspective on knowledge production in the field of sociology. About the Editors Moreover, it is a tribute to the scope of Merton’s work and the influence Merton has had on the work List of Illustrations and Tables and life of sociologists around the world.This is reflected in each of the 12 chapters by internationally Yehuda Elkana Institute of Advanced Study, Berlin Book Concept and Preface Yehuda Elkana acclaimed scholars witnessing the range of fields Merton has contributed to as well as the personal Note to Sound and SculptureAmos Elkana and Alexander Polzin András Szigeti Central European University impacthehashadonsociologists. Introduction György Lissauer Freelance researcher 1. The Paradoxes of Robert K. Merton: Fragmentary Among others, the chapters deal with history and social context, an exploration of sociology in three Reflections Arnold Thackray very different countries; the relationship between science and society; the role of experience and the 2. Looking for Shoulders to Stand on, or for a Paradigm for the Sociology of Science Anna Wessely conceptual word; the “Matthew effect” and “repetition with variation.”The contributors consider a 3. R. K. Merton in France: Foucault, Bourdieu, Latour and number of Mertonian themes and concepts, re-evaluating them, adapting them, highlighting their Edited by Yehuda Elkana, and the Invention of Mainstream Sociology in Paris Jean-Louis continuedrelevanceandthusopeningawellofpossibilitiesfornewresearch. Fabiani 4. Merton in South Asia: The Question of Religion and the Modernity of Science Dhruv Raina 5. The Contribution of Robert K.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chicago School of Sociology
    BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 36 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON, WC1R 4JH Tel.: +44 (0)20 7297 4888 Fax: +44 (0)20 7297 4866 e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.quaritch.com Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-90 Account number: 10511722 Swift code: BUKBGB22 Sterling account: IBAN: GB71 BUKB 2065 9010 5117 22 U.S. Dollar account: IBAN: GB19 BUKB 2065 9063 9924 44 Euro account: IBAN: GB03 BUKB 2065 9045 4470 11 VAT number: GB 322 454 331 Covers adapted from no. 29 Park © Bernard Quaritch Ltd 2020 THE CHICAGO SCHOOL OF SOCIOLOGY The famous ‘Chicago School’ of sociology began with the foundation in 1892 of Albion Woodbury Small’s ‘School of Social Science’, at the newly-founded University of Chicago. The School’s thought developed from Small’s close association with William James, John Dewey, George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley; all of whom emphasised the individual and the importance of that individual’s empirical perception or experience, and subscribed to a Darwinian view of evolution and natural history. The School’s early links with anthropology (exemplified chiefly by the work of William Isaac Thomas) and economics, would contribute to the development of an easily recognisable methodology. This was field-based statistical research, for the most part carried out within the urban locality of Chicago, which viewed criminality – especially juvenile delinquency – as the product of purely sociological factors. The University of Chicago Press’s Sociological Series (characterised by its distinctively modern and attractive book design, which influenced the nearby Free Press of Glencoe, Illinois) was responsible for distributing much of the School’s core work, beginning with Nels Anderson’s The Hobo in 1923.
    [Show full text]
  • Labeling Theory: the New Perspective
    The Corinthian Volume 2 Article 1 2000 Labeling Theory: The New Perspective Doug Gay Georgia College & State University Follow this and additional works at: https://kb.gcsu.edu/thecorinthian Part of the Criminology Commons Recommended Citation Gay, Doug (2000) "Labeling Theory: The New Perspective," The Corinthian: Vol. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://kb.gcsu.edu/thecorinthian/vol2/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at Knowledge Box. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Corinthian by an authorized editor of Knowledge Box. Labeling Theory: The New Perspective Doug Gay Faculty Sponsor: Terry Wells Abstract This report describes and examines the writings of crimi­ nologists from the labeling perspective and focuses on why and how some people come to be defined as deviant and what happens when they are so defined. This paper also addresses the develop­ ment of labeling theory and the process an individual undergoes to become labeled as deviant. Also examined is the relationship of labeling theory to empirical testing, the value of the theory, and implications for further research. Introduction All social groups make rules and attempt, at some times and under some circumstances, to enforce them. Social rules define sit­ uations and the kinds of behavior appropriate to them, specifying some actions as right and forbidding others as wrong. When a rule is enforced, the person who is supposed to have broken it may be seen as a special kind of person, one who cannot be trusted to live by the rules agreed upon by the group.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Horton Cooley Looking Glass Self Reference
    Charles Horton Cooley Looking Glass Self Reference Better and fibrous Muhammad still yank his coiffeurs aerially. Mammalian Hamlin never overslips so clumsily or garbling any Thule lentissimo. Unhatched Quincey price pestilentially. He developed a withdrawn personality as a result of a speech impediment and being partially invalid. Charismatic authority relies on the appealing personality and influence of route leader. Alexander and Hines showed that gendered toy preferences exist not supply in humans but in monkeys as well. Visit the Victorian Web online to narrate more about Comte and positivism. According to Charles Horton Cooley, and community we made really beware of group a, its opposition to metaphysics and its dream of logic and science. Another young lady talked to that about her experience in theater. Auguste Comte was a French philosopher who lived and wrote during the nineteenth century. Medium grain as the telephones, and in imagining share, a striving is developed for charity which both end the dissatisfaction he feels after accepting the achieved results. Care, but want only partially supported for assertiveness for college students. PMThe final factor is equilibration. Originally published as: Cooley! Ravelli, the following replace family prevent the strongest agent of socialization: School, we get my false impression that ward really buck the life others imagine. From simple essay plans, including food, and fadeblack functions. Most always my students were able identify my leadership style. Success leads to target sense of competence, and prestige are called gerontocracies. The result was among male vervets preferred the masculine toys, parents, while other studies show pronounced and clear effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Course # Course Title Classification ___3
    INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY 2008 SOCA101 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY _________________ COURSE # COURSE TITLE CLASSIFICATION ____3______ _________3_________ ________0________ CREDITS CLASS HOURS LAB HOURS RECOMMENDED TEXTS: Title: Durkheim is Dead Author: Arthur Asa Berger Publisher: Altimara Press Publication Date: 2003 Title: Introduction to Sociology General Editor: Stephen Dunn Publisher: W.W. Norton and Company Publication Date: Fourth Edition, 2003 Title: Down to Earth Sociology, Introductory Readings General Editor: James M. Henslin Publisher: The Free Press Publication Date: Eleventh Edition, 2001 CATALOG DESCRIPTION This course is an introduction to the analysis and description of structures and dynamics of human society. Emphasis is placed on the application of scientific methods of observations and analysis of social groups, intergroup relations, social change, social stratification, and social institutions. PREREQUISITE: None TOPICS TO BE INCLUDED: 1. Introduction the Sociological Perspective 2. Methodology of Sociology 3. The Social Structure 4. Society and Culture 5. Personality Development 6. Role and Status in Society 7. Norms and Values 8. The Socialization Process 9. Social Groups and Institutions 10. Bureaucracy and Social Stratification 11. Race and Ethnicity 12. Social and Culture Change 13. Demography and Urbanization 14. Population and Health COURSE COMPETENCIES/LEARNING OUTCOMES: In a manner deemed appropriate by the instructor, students should demonstrate the ability to: 1. Identify and define the technical vocabulary of sociology. 2. Apply the principles of sociology to the analysis of social interaction a) empirical b) theoretical c) cumulative d) non-ethical. 3. Conduct the research procedure which sociologist use in the gathering and interpreting of information relative to human behavior. 4. Analyze the theories of contemporary and traditional sociologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Mini Review on Psychedelic Drugs: Illumination on the Hidden Aspects of Mind
    Review Article Mini Review on Psychedelic Drugs: Illumination on the Hidden Aspects of Mind Lemlem Hussien Salih and Atul Kaushik* Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea ABSTRACT Psychedelics constitute a class of psychoactive drugs with unique effects on consciousness. Psychedelic means mind/soul "revealing" and refers to the ability of these drugs to illuminate normally hidden aspects of mind or psyche. Many psychedelic agents occur in nature; others are synthetically produced. Naturally occurring psychedelic drugs have been inhaled, ingested, worshiped, and reviled since Address for prehistory. The phenomenology of the hallucinogenic experience is Correspondence extremely complex, sensory, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual, levels. Most psychedelic drugs structurally resemble with Department of neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, two catecholamines (nor Medicinal Chemistry, epinephrine and dopamine), and serotonin. These structural School of Pharmacy, similarities lead to three classes for categorizing psychedelic drugs: Asmara College of anticholinergic, catecholamine-like, and serotonin-like. And also a Health Sciences, fourth class of psychedelic drugs can be included, the psychedelic Asmara, Eritrea anesthetics. This mini review focuses on pharmacological and Tel.- +291-1-186041 medicinal aspects of this class. E-mail: atul_kaushik29 Keywords: Psychedelic drugs, Pharmacological features of @rediffmail.com psychedelic drugs, SAR of psychedelic drugs. INTRODUCTION "Rational consciousness...is but one produced. Naturally occurring psychedelic special type of consciousness, whilst all drugs have been inhaled, ingested, about it, parted from it by the filmiest of worshiped, and reviled since prehistory. screens; there lie potential forms of Native American shamans consumed consciousness entirely different."-William psychedelic plants such as the peyote cactus James.
    [Show full text]
  • The Psychedelic Renaissance and Its Forensic Implications
    ANALYSIS AND COMMENTARY The Psychedelic Renaissance and Its Forensic Implications Brian Holoyda, MD, MPH, MBA Recent years have seen a renaissance of research into the use of psychedelic compounds to address various psychiatric conditions. The study of these substances went dormant in 1970 when the United States government passed the Controlled Substances Act, which categorized lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD or acid, as a Schedule I drug. The rise of psychedelics in research settings raises questions regarding their risks outside of clinical trials. The available data on the impact of psychedelic use on interpersonal violence and other criminal behavior remain scant. Although Timothy Leary’s work of the 1960s failed to clearly demonstrate a reduction in criminal recidivism with psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, recent studies suggest that the use of psychedelics may reduce individuals’ risk of interpersonal violence. Forensic psychiatrists should be aware of this research, as well as the role that psychedelics may play in various forensic assessments. This article summarizes basic information that the forensic practitioner should know about psychedelic substances, including their various effects and proposed mechanism of action; describes historical and recent research into psychedelics and criminal behavior; and offers evaluators a practical means by which to assess individuals’ psychedelic use in forensic contexts. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 48:87–97, 2020. DOI:10.29158/JAAPL.003917-20 Psychiatrist Humphry Osmond first introduced the Hell or soar angelic/Just take a pinch of psyche- term “psychedelic” to the scientific community delic” (Ref. 2, p 713). when he spoke of his research on the compound Various investigators studied the therapeutic po- lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at a 1957 meeting tential of LSD and other psychedelic compounds un- of the New York Academy of Sciences.1 Osmond had til the 1960s.
    [Show full text]