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Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania

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Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania This document was developed under the project “Demonstrating and promoting natural values in support of decision-making processes in Romania - Nature4Decision-Making-N4D”, project financed by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (EEA 2009 - 2014) within the RO02 Program - Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, for which the Ministry of Environment is a Program Operator. National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), project promoter, contributed to chapters 1, 3 ,4, 5: Roxana Mihaela STOIAN – project manager; Elena GIUREA – assistant manager; Roxana MIHAI - biodiversity expert coordinator; Silvia ENE – biodiversity expert; Laurențiu APOSTOL – biodiversity expert; Andreea BOGDAN – biodiversity expert; Ileana MATEI, Georgiana PÂRLAC – communication officers. Romanian Space Agency (ROSA), partner in the N4D project, contributed to chapters 1, 3, 4, 5: Florian BODESCU – project manager; Marius-Ioan PISO – scientific coordinator; Alexandru BADEA – GIS and RS expert; Ion NEDELCU – DSS expert; Cristian MOISE – GIS and RS expert; Viorel IONESCU – ecology expert; Violeta Domnica POENARU – GIS and RS expert; Viorel MANCIU – statistics expert; Sandru Ioana VLAD – GIS and RS expert; Mihaela COMĂNESCU – biology expert; Roxana ION – biology expert; Iulia Florentina PAUCA – GIS and RS expert; Iulia MIU – assistant manager; Denisa BADIU – geograf specialist; Liliana BALTASIU – biology expert; Vlad Gabriel OLTEANU – GIS and RS expert; Cosmin NISTOR – IT expert; Florin SOARE – IT expert; Alexandru BOBE – IT expert; Irina MANCIU - statitics expert; Catalin FLORESCU – GIS and RS expert; Alina RĂDUȚU - GIS and RS expert. WWF România, partner in the N4D project, contributed to chapters 1, 2, 5, 6: Monia MARTINI – project manager, Corina GHEORGHIU – project specialist green economy, Andrei MOARCAS – public policy specialist, Raluca DAN – public policy manager, Diana COASMOIU - regional coordinator public policy, Camelia IONESCU – freshwater manager, Cristina MUNTEANU – project manager freshwater projects, Radu MELU – senior forests specialist, Julio TRESIERRA – international technical expert. The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), partner in the N4D project, contributed to chapters 1, 3, 5: Graciela RUSCH; Evind ARONSEN; Monica RUANO. Scientifc Group (in alphabetic order) contributed to validation and testing of the methodology and evaluation results: Valeria ABAZA, Dan BĂLTEANU, Daniel DIACONU, Monica DUMITRAȘCU, Vladimir GANCZ, Petre GÂȘTESCU, Iuliana Florentina GHEORGHE, Cristian IOJA, Minodora MANU, Teodor MARUȘCA, Răzvan MATEESCU, Mircea MIHALACHE, Mirela Mădălina MOLDOVEANU, Marilena ONETE, Oliviu Grigore POP, Cristina RADNEA, Diana SILAGHI, Gabriel - Ovidiu VÂNĂU, Ruxandra VINTILĂ, Ana VÎRSTA Only by integrating nature into public decisions at all levels can be ensured the upholding of biodiversity and, along with it, the long-term human well-being. For more information project-related, please visit the N4D project website: maesromania.anpm.ro and for more information about EEA grants visit www.eeagrants.org, www.eeagrants.ro and www.eeagrantsmediu.ro. Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania ISBN 978-606-8038-23-0 © 2017 NEPA, NINA, ROSA, WWF Romania photos © Dan Dinu Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania Table of Contents 4 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Objectives of the Report 4 1.2. Background 4 2. Selection of ecosystems and ecosystem services 8 2.1. Policy analysis methodology 9 2.2. Assessment of Romanian sectoral policies 13 2.3. Results of the policy assessment: analysis and conclusions 40 2.4. Recommendations for policy and decision making towards a Sustainable Green Economy 46 3. Methodologies underpinning scientific work 48 3.1. Mapping of ecosystems 49 3.2. Mapping of ecosystem services 70 3.3. Mapping results 130 3.4. Assessment of ecosystems and ecosystem services 134 3.5. Assessment results 134 3.6. Valuation of ecosystem services 138 3.7. Monetary value assessment methods 145 Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania 3.8. Economic valuation of ecosystem services 149 from Romanian forest using reported national statistics 3.9. Summary of results 171 4. Decision Support System 172 5. Conclusions 180 6. Glossary 184 Appendix 1 - The functional zoning system of Romanian forests 187 References 190 1 EEA Grants 2009-2014 Chapter 1 Introduction 2 The complexity of today’s environmental problems has amplified to the point where we have finally admitted that we have been ignoring sustainability in human action with great impact on the functioning of natural systems. The process of Mapping and Assessing Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) promoted by the European Commission is considered a first step to achieve good state of ecosystems and their services. Romania has launched the MAES process in March 2015 with the implementation of the project “Demonstrating and promoting natural values to support decision-making in Romania” (shortly N4D – Nature for decision-making). MAES is a complex process that goes beyond its title of Mapping and Assessing Ecosystems and their Services. In fact, MAES is about science, policy, capacity building and communication/ awareness raising, which altogether constitute the conceptual framework1 used for the implementation of the N4D project (Figure no.1). Figure 1. MAES conceptual framework underpinning the implementation of the N4D project. Assessment of Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services in Romania 3 Action 5 of the Biodiversity Strategy requires Member States, with the assistance of the Commission, to map and assess the state of ecosystems and their services in their national territory by 2014. Given the later start of the process in Romania, the opportunity to adopt, since the beginning, an integrated approach between the four MAES pillars was taken based on the following considerations: a policy analysis is a 1 The conceptual framework used for the MAES process in Romania is based on the fact that to achieve Good Ecosystems Governance, scientific information on ecosystems and their services need to be integrated into public policies dealing with natural resources and environmental management. Once ecosystems and their services are mapped and assessed, scientific information needs to be communicated to relevant stakeholders. Awareness must be raised on the importance to improve public policies in order to avoid EEA Grants 2009-2014 biodiversity loss and achieve a Sustainable Green Economy in the context of sustainable development. If necessary, stakeholders’ capacity to use MAES knowledge needs to be built. necessary complement to the scientific assessment of ecosystems and their services to be able to improve decision and policy making, using MAES process results in order to achieve Good Ecosystems Governance and sustainable development; also, awareness raising and capacity building of relevant institutions take time and are fundamental for the successful uptake of scientific information into decision and policy making since it is not possible to manage what it is not known. Assessing the economic value of all ecosystems services, and promote the integration of these values into accounting and reporting systems at EU and national level is to be done by 2020, so a follow up of the N4D project is also a necessity and a logical step towards achieving good state of ecosystems and their services and consequently human well-being. 1.1. Objectives of the Report The purpose of this report is to inform EU and Romanian Government and other stakeholders (scientific institutions, civil society) about the implementation of the MAES process in Romania, the results of the implementation and recommendations. This report is mainly addressed to national policy and decision makers as well as government administrations and institutions responsible for implementing national policies. It is primarily intended for the Ministry of Environment (MoE), responsible for the MAES process, and the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA), with delegated responsibilities for implementing the MAES process at national level. Scientific circles including national research institutes, universities as well as independent experts also constitute a primary audience due to the strong link between scientific research and policy elaboration. This report is also relevant for civil society organizations active in the environmental and development fields on issues such as improvement of public policies, protected area management, natural resources management, sustainable production and consumption, etc. Finally, the European Commission is interested in Member State’s experience and progress towards implementation of the MAES process and thus, the report will be shared with their representatives. 1.2. Background The problem of biodiversity loss has been recognized globally along with the fact that adequate indicators are needed to address the global challenges of the 21st century such as climate change, poverty, resource depletion, health and quality of life, and last but not least, the consequent mounting migration phenomena of “political- 4 environmentally (resource) displaced people”. Economic indicators such as GDP were never designed to be comprehensive measures of prosperity and well-being. In 2007, the European Commission (EC), European Parliament, Club of Rome, OECD and WWF hosted the high-level conference “Beyond GDP” with the objectives to clarify which indices are most appropriate to measure
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