Advances in Fiscal, Political and Law Science Stage of Development of Transport Services in Romania Compared to European Union CECILIA-IRINA RABONTU Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, “Constantin Brancusi” University of TarguJiu Address: Victoria Steet, no.24, TarguJiu, Gorj County, ROMANIA [email protected] ANA-GABRIELA BABUCEA Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, “Constantin Brancusi” University of TarguJiu Address: Victoria Steet, no.24, TarguJiu, Gorj County, ROMANIA [email protected] Abstract: Transportation represents an economic activity side of human society, organized to prevail distances. It is an integral part of the tertiary sector and is individualized, trade and tourism with significant percentages in achieving service indicators. Some specialists say that transportation is not an end in itself but only middle and a way to achieve a wide range of practical purposes. To highlight the role and importance of transport can be done by analysing their relationships with various economic, social and political needs of activity of society members. We have proposed in this paper to analyse economic relationships and to establish the level of development of transport services in Romania within the European Union. This paper intends, and in our opinion succeeds, to address the ample issue of transport services, level of development, providing a comprehensive picture, coherent, logically structured on elements that give it specific and individualized it as an economic sector. Key-Words: - transportation, goods, passengers, Romania, comparison, European Union 1 Introduction to moving in space for various reasons and bringing The role of the transportation services for the products in the most remote places, tourism, intermediate or final consumption brings forward travel to work, etc.. The people's mobility of and the interdependencies with other services such freight freedom are essential to modern society. By industries and also society as they are involved in integrating the global market, with continued satisfying consumer needs of both enterprises and growth, transportation becomes a major economic the population, especially material needs, if we sector characterized by both qualitative and mean the transport of goods from producer to quantitative growth. (Remes, 2011) consumer and also for the people, the spiritual and social needs, specifically the needs of knowledge, entertainment transposed in the transport of tourists. 2 The Role of the Transport Services Or, these highly diverse needs, in a continuous in Economy process of multiply, can not be satisfied at the Transport is a business side of human society current requirements only if there is a developement organized to prevail distances. Some specialists say of transport services that can cover it. that transportation is not an end in itself. It is only a Transportation services are well outlined in the means and a way to achieve a wide range of national economy but also in the world. First, practical purposes. To highlight the role and appears as a subdomain of tertiary sector highly importance of transportation may be considered individualized. On the other hand, because they their relationships with various economic, social and satisfied the needs for both enterprises and people political activities in society. ISBN: 978-1-61804-191-3 32 Advances in Fiscal, Political and Law Science Transport, nowadays, is a compulsory element in specific equipment - equipment for loading / life, as it offers society members options in unloading goods, transport, storage and a qualified conveyance, communication, perception and staff. Forwarding companies and freight transport assimilation, of almost everything that civilization are equally concerned with maintaining an adequate has to offer. Modern civilization, characterized by a facilities in terms of formation of very good fast rhythm of development in various areas, by a specialists, good knowledge of means of transport massive change in material and spiritual values, characteristics of the port facilities, and so on, as implies a continuous goods’ shifting, a permanent well as international and national law. movement of people from place to place. (Apopei, Another feature of these services is that they Colesca, 2010, p.105) process the goods subject to international transport, Developing the exchange of products and from the preparation, clearance, checking the health, activities of national and international transport by ecological and so on, to customer's approval about direct contribution highlights the following status of goods, the location and estimated date of important economic aspects: (Alexa, 1995 p. 3-6) arrival. • opportunities for trade should be strictly Freight transport in Romania has the next limited at local markets if there is no transport evolution and structure of transport types: services; • through transportation can be achieved a Transported goods, by mode of transport better balance between supply and demand for Table no.1, (thou tonnes) various goods nationally and internationally; 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 • there is the possibility of moving goods Railway transport 68313 68772 66711 50596 52932 60723 from areas where they are in abundance in areas Road transport 335327 356669 364605 293409 174551 183629 Inland waterways 29304 29425 30295 24743 32088 29396 such goods deficit, there is a tendency egalizezare transport their prices; Maritime transport 46709 48928 50449 36021 38118 38883 • as the area offering similar products Air transport 23 22 27 24 26 27 increased, the wide competition between sellers Transport via 12702 12310 12390 8520 6551 6020 increased, too, and tends to keep prices at petroleum pipelines reasonable levels; Source: www.insse.ro Statistical Yearbook of Romania, 2012 • the transport provides, too, largely, the From previous data it is found that transport mobility of intermediate and final processing contributed to the movement of goods in Romania capacities. Activity of many plants depends in different sizes depending on the method of sometimes totally by natural resources located transport. nearby; The most requested, the road transport services, • specialization in production and trade seems to have recorded the largest decline in the ctivities is facilitated and encouraged. analyzed period. Thus, if in 2006 were transported The exchange of goods domestically and internationally make necessary to move people in on roadway 335,327,000 tons of goods in 2010. business, transport commercial documents The cargo volume was, in this year 2 times exchange, organization of fairs and exhibitions, lower, but in next year was registered a slight participation in various activities of international recovery for freight by road. Also, rail transport economic organizations. takes a significant amount of goods, being the second path after the road transport volume catalog. We found in this case, an evolution with smaller 2.1. Specificity of the freight transport and oscillations from year to year, with declines in crisis years with a slight recovery in 2011. Smaller its evolution in the period 2006-2011 quantities of goods are transported by sea and inland Freight transport is an extremely complex and waterway and are almost insignificant quantities of interesting present in which we find basic services goods taken from aircraft, but increasing lately. and transport forwarding the different modes of Comparing the main EU countries in terms of transport, services that directly contribute to the freight transport index in GDP, with year 2000 extension of the production process providing the benchmark, the situation is as in Table 2. This link between producer and final consumer channels indicator is defined as the ratio between tonne- regardless of ditribuţie. kilometres (inland modes) and GDP (chain-linked The freight forwarding services and international volumes, at 2000 exchange rates). It includes transport services are part of the services based on transport by road, rail and inland waterways. Rail ISBN: 978-1-61804-191-3 33 Advances in Fiscal, Political and Law Science and inland waterways transport are based on travel physical movement of tourists, of baggage movements on national territory, regardless of the and cargo intended for their consumption. nationality of the vehicle or vessel. Road transport is As shown in other studies, passenger based on all movements of vehicles registered in the transportation is due of practical issues, ontological, reporting country. leisure or necessity (MacKenzie et al., 2012). Thus, people go from home to jobs, to recreational areas Volume of freight transport relative to GDP or simply to carry various objects to different Table no. 2 destinations. Index (2000 = 100) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 EU (27) 105.1 105.6 103.5 95.8 98.6 Belgium 82.5 80 73.5 67 66.5 Passengers transport, by mode of transport Bulgaria 117 115.1 118.9 144.6 156.2 Table no. 3- thou passengers Germany 109.1 110.2 108.7 100.9 102.4 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Greece 131.9 105.8 109.7 111.4 120.6 Spain 129.3 133.2 124.2 111.7 111.5 Railway transport 94441 88264 78252 70332 64272 61001 France 87.8 88.9 84 72.7 73.9 Road transport 228009 231077 296953 262311 244944 242516 Italy 94.8 90.4 91.3 87.6 90.3 Inland waterways 190 211 194 161 84 125 Hungary 118.9 134.1 132.4 133.1 131.6 transport Austria 101.6 97 91.3 79.1 80.5 Air transport 5497 7831 9077 9093 10128 10783 Poland 116.2 122.6 123.4 125.4 139.7 Maritime transport - 12 38 13 23 27 Portugal 154 155.3 132.6 124.5 121.8 Source: www.insse.ro Statistical Yearbook of Romania, 2012 Romania 171.4 165.6 148.5 113 105.8 Slovenia 132.3 138.6 152.7 147.5 160.2 Slovakia 87 92.2 91.5 86.2 85.8 What we see is that, as in the case of goods, the United Kingdom 86.2 85.5 81.6 74.6 76.1 largest share holds the passenger transport by road, Source:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table but less swings from year to year compared to the &init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tsdtr230 transport of goods, followed by rail where the decrease is greater (with 33,440,000 people less in We note on table no.