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Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania

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Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania PARENTING ADOLESCENTS A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania i A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania © 2018 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Front Cover: ©UNICEF/Romania/Sandovici Design and Layout: Benussi & the Fish The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and of a multiplicity of actors in the six study countries and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNICEF. The publication can be freely cited. To request permission and for any other information on the publication, please contact: UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Regional Office, 5-7 Avenue de la Paix, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. Telephone: +41 22 909 5111 [email protected] For readers who would like to cite this document we sug- gest the following form: UNICEF (2018). Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Pro- grammes in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Monte- negro and Romania. Geneva: UNICEF, 2018. ii A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The regional study Parenting Adolescents was commis- Our gratitude is extended to other UNICEF colleagues. sioned by the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Region- Fabio Friscia (UNICEF HQ, ADAP Section) provided invalu- al Office (ECARO). It is the result of collaboration among able inputs. Sandie Blanchet (UNICEF Brussels Office) and many individuals working on issues of adolescent devel- Jasmina Byrne (UNICEF HQ, Data, Research and Policy) opment and participation. Appreciation is extended to provided support in the research design phase. each and all of them. Independent experts who contributed generously of their The study report was written by Kirsten Pontalti, Leilani time in reviewing the draft document include experts from Elliott and Zosa De Sas Kropiwnicki Gruber with significant the Belarus Institute of Philosophy and Stefan Cojocaru contributions from Sara Lim Bertrand (Proteknôn Consult- (HoltIs Association, Romania). ing Group) and Ilaria Favero (UNICEF ECARO). The study also benefitted from editing by Kristen Castrataro, Layal The study would not have been possible without the Sarrouh and Christine Williams. data collection work performed by six national research teams: Natalia Kutuzova (Institute of Philosophy, National Ilaria Favero coordinated and provided overall technical Academy of Sciences of Belarus), Mikhail Zavadskiy and guidance to the development of this research project. Timofey Lanyn (Belarus); Iordan Iossifov, David Kiuranov, Nikolay Mihaylov, Nevena Germanova, Sofiya Biserinska Special thanks go to UNICEF colleagues in Belarus, Bul- and Evelina Lafchiyska (Child and Space Association and garia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania for Association Roditeli, Bulgaria); Ani Chkhikvishvili, Sophio the coordination of the six national research teams and Omanadze, Kristine Lortkipanidze and Mariam Topuria for providing inputs throughout the drafting process: Vic- (Georgia); Natalia Vladicescu and Vasile Cantarji (CBS-Axa, toria Lozuyk, Uladzimir Valetka and Elena Artsiomenka Moldova); Sladjana Petkovic, Tamara Milic, Branka Colevic (Belarus); Vera Rangelova (Bulgaria); Alex Petrov (Moldo- and Milos Burzan (Montenegro); and Fidelie Kalambay, va); Ivana Cekovic, Marija Novkovic and Maja Kovacevic Nicoleta Manescu, Alexandra Ciocanel and Ana Maria (Montenegro); Nana Pruidze and Tamar Ugulava (Georgia); Niculescu (Romania). Eugenia Apolzan, Luminita Costache, Cristina Badea and Gabriel Vockel (Romania). Last but not least, our sincere thanks go to every adoles- cent, parent, caregiver, policy maker, service provider and Since the study used a multi-sectoral angle to look at the adult participant in the six study countries who generously issue of parenting adolescents, special thanks go to col- shared their views, opinions and voices, thus contributing leagues from different programmatic areas at UNICEF to the richness of the findings. It is our hope that these ECARO, who supported the study conceptually and pro- voices will be heard and will inform the design of effective vided peer review throughout the drafting process: Nina parenting support initiatives for parents and caregivers of Ferencic, Lori Bell, Sheena Bell, Joanne Bosworth, Louisa adolescents in the ECA Region. Lippi, Mario Mosquera, Maha Muna, Sergiu Tomsa and Diana Vakarelska. Marie-Christine Belgharbi provided ad- ministrative support. iii A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania Content Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................................................................iii CONTENT ......................................................................................................................................................................IV Tables, Figures and Boxes ...............................................................................................................................................vi Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Main Findings ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 The way forward ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Research objectives and methodology ...................................................................................................................... 8 Table 1: Sample Description ...........................................................................................................................................10 2.3 Conceptual framework and key definitions ...............................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 3: PARENTING ADOLESCENTS IN THE ECA REGION: A LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................... 17 3.1 Parenting adolescent boys and girls, including the most vulnerable ........................................................................17 3.2 How macro-level changes are impacting parenting ................................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER 4: PARENTING ADOLESCENTS IN THE ECA REGION: THE LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK .................... 23 4.1 International standards ............................................................................................................................................ 23 4.2 Regional standards: Europe and Central Asia ......................................................................................................... 25 4.3 National legal and policy frameworks ...................................................................................................................... 27 4.4 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................................. 34 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDINGS: PARENTING ADOLESCENTS IN THE ECA REGION ............................................................ 37 5.1 How is the parenting of adolescent boys and girls understood, perceived and practiced? ............................................................................................................................................... 37 5.2 How do macro, interpersonal and individual-level factors influence parenting? ...................................................... 49 5.3 Where do adolescents and their parents turn for informal and formal support? ....................................................................................................................................................... 56 iv A Regional Study on Parenting Adolescents and Parenting Support Programmes PARENTING ADOLESCENTS in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH FINDINGS: PARENTING SUPPORT PROGRAMMES IN THE ECA REGION .......................................... 61 6.1 Parenting support programmes, services and initiatives ......................................................................................... 62 6.2 Gaps, barriers and bottlenecks in parenting support
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