DOCSLIB.ORG

Authority and Obedience in Bernhard Schlink's Der Vorleser and Die

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Authority and Obedience in Bernhard Schlink's Der Vorleser and Die Authority and Obedience in Bernhard Schlink’s Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr by Margit Assmann Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts University of Tasmania September 2010 i Statements This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma at the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief, no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Signed: Margit Assmann Date: 21 September 2010 ii Abstract In presenting the crimes of SS-guards through the medium of an illiterate woman, Schlink’s novel Der Vorleser (1995) attracted a mainly stern critical response. The much-criticised one-sided portrayal of destructive obedience seems to be addressed by his next novel Die Heimkehr (2006), where submission to malevolent authority is transferred to an intellectual platform set in America in the years following World War II. Although Schlink maintains he did not intend Die Heimkehr as a sequel to Der Vorleser, there are several thematic aspects linking the two novels. Both have a male German narrator, who was born around the end of World War II and has close links with a former Nazi collaborator. At the centre of both novels is Schlink’s portrayal of the nature of obedience to authority, uncovering the reality of man’s divided nature that consists in both good and evil. Destructive obedience is portrayed in both novels rather one-sidedly, either as a problem of a lack of education, or as a discussion on an intellectual level. It therefore seems justified to read Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr in chronological order to arrive at a more realistic picture of obedience to authority. In Die Heimkehr, Schlink’s authority figure is an American University professor who uses Stanley Milgram’s (1960’s) study series of obedience to authority for his own questionable purposes. Schlink therefore provides within the plot itself a theoretical approach to analyse this novel. The examination of Schlink’s portrayal of authority and obedience reveals that Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr when read as independent works, do not address the universal dilemma of submission iii to malevolent authority. However, an analysis of Schlink’s earlier novel Der Vorleser, based on Milgram’s theories, uncovers surprising parallels with Die Heimkehr even though, as Schlink has stated, the novels are not connected. This dissertation draws upon Milgram’s study to uncover and examine the relationship between authority and obedience in Schlink’s novels to show how atrocities come about. The study provides a paradigm for analysing the protagonists of Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr based on Milgram’s obedience study, which, as yet, has not been consulted for an analysis of Schlink’s novels. Read in sequence however, using Milgram’s theories, Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr can be shown to complement each other and confirm that Schlink views obedience to destructive authority as a permanent and universal problem. iv Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Eva Meidl and Dr. Billy Badger for their valuable advice, which helped me to complete this project. I thank Professor Bernhard Schlink who kindly responded to the questions I had about his two novels that I examined in this work. I have also very much appreciated the stimulation of seminars provided by the School of English, Journalism and European Languages. Finally, I thank my father for his encouragement and support. v Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 1. Authority and Obedience – Stanley Milgram ................................ 11 1.1. Authority – Milgram, Weber and Potts............................................... 14 1.1.1. Rational Authority ........................................................................ 19 1.1.2. Charisma/Charismatic Authority .................................................. 20 1.1.1.1. Authority and Trust .......................................................... 23 1.1.1.2. Authority and Deception................................................... 26 1.1.1.3. Authority and Manipulation.............................................. 28 1.1.1.4. Authority and Responsibility............................................. 29 1.2. Obedience ............................................................................................. 31 1.2.1. Forces underlying Obedience to Authority.................................... 33 1.2.2. The Universality of Obedience to Authority................................... 39 2. Authority and Obedience in Schlink’s Der Vorleser .................... 43 2.1. Authority in Der Vorleser ..................................................................... 44 2.1.1. Rational Authority ........................................................................ 45 2.1.2. Charisma/charismatic Authority ................................................... 47 2.1.1.1. Authority and Trust .......................................................... 51 2.1.1.2. Authority and Deception.................................................. 54 2.1.1.3. Authority and Manipulation............................................. 56 2.1.1.4. Authority and Responsibility ............................................ 59 2.2. Obedience in Der Vorleser .................................................................... 61 2.2.1. Forces underlying Obedience to Authority.................................... 62 2.2.2. The Universality of Obedience to Authority................................... 70 3. Authority and Obedience in Schlink’s Die Heimkehr.................. 74 3.1. Authority in Die Heimkehr................................................................... 75 3.1.1. Rational Authority ........................................................................ 76 3.1.2. Charisma/Charismatic Authority .................................................. 82 3.1.1.1. Authority and Trust .......................................................... 85 3.1.1.2. Authority and Deception.................................................. 87 3.1.1.3. Authority and Manipulation............................................. 89 3.1.1.4. Authority and Responsibility............................................. 94 3.2. Obedience in Die Heimkehr.................................................................. 98 3.2.1. Forces underlying Obedience to Authority.................................... 99 3.2.2. The Universality of Obedience to Authority................................. 106 Conclusion................................................................................................... 108 Bibliography............................................................................................... 113 1 Authority and Obedience in Bernhard Schlink’s Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr Introduction Bernhard Schlink, a German professor of law, is known for such literary accomplishments like Vergangenheitsschuld: Beiträge zu einem deutschen Thema (2007), Selbs Justiz (2006), Die Heimkehr (2006), Selbs Mord (2001), Liebesfluchten (2000), Selbs Betrug (1994), and Die Gordische Schleife (1988), but it was his novel Der Vorleser that brought him international recognition in 1995. With its movie adaptation called The Reader by David Hare in 2008, Schlink’s Der Vorleser received renewed attention. The following discussion will concentrate on Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr, as they share several thematic aspects. For example, the novels have a male German narrator born roughly around the end of World War II with close links to a Nazi collaborator. At the heart of these novels, is Schlink’s discussion about the nature of obedience to authority. In light of these shared aspects, it can be mooted that Schlink intended to address the much debated and criticised portrayal of authority and obedience in Der Vorleser and in his novel Die Heimkehr. For example, in Der Vorleser, Schlink’s primary focus is on the destructive obedience of a former female SS guard who comes from a lower working class background and is illiterate. In Die Heimkehr, he transfers the theme of destructive obedience to an intellectual platform in America long after World War II. If these aspects are meant to connect both novels, then the one-sided picture of obedience to authority in Der Vorleser is 2 complemented in Die Heimkehr. However, personal correspondence with the author1 reveals that Schlink did not intend Die Heimkehr as a sequel to Der Vorleser. He did not see the need to show that everyone is capable of obeying a “malevolent authority,” since “Intellektuelle nicht moralischer sind als Nicht-Intellektuelle - das zeigt das Dritte Reich so häufig und so deutlich, daß es nicht eigens in einem Roman gezeigt werden muß.”2 Yet, this is a theme Schlink explores in his novel Die Heimkehr. Since Schlink’s main focus on obedience to “malevolent authority” in both novels does concentrate on either a German illiterate or on mainly American intellectuals, I believe a sequential treatment of Der Vorleser and Die Heimkehr is justified in order to arrive at a more comprehensive picture about this human response to an order. To substantiate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Segantin Kg Tcc Arafcl.Pdf (202.1Kb)
    UNESP UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Campus de Araraquara – SP KARINA GOMES SEGANTIN A TRADUÇÃO DO CONTO “LANGE SCHATTEN” DE MARIE LUISE KASCHNITZ Araraquara – SP 2010 UNESP UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” Faculdade de Ciências e Letras Campus de Araraquara – SP KARINA GOMES SEGANTIN A TRADUÇÃO DO CONTO “LANGE SCHATTEN” DE MARIE LUISE KASCHNITZ Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Unesp/Araraquara como requisito para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Letras, realizada sob orientação da Profª Drª Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes Evangelista. Araraquara – SP 2010 Segantin, Karina Gomes A tradução do conto “Lange Schatten” de Marie Luise Kaschnitz / Karina Gomes Segantin. – 2010 31 f. ; 30 cm Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Letras) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras, Campus de Araraquara Orientador: Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes Evangelista 1. Conto alemão – Tradução para o português. 2. Kaschnitz, Marie Luise. I. Título. KARINA GOMES SEGANTIN Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Letras – Unesp/Araraquara como requisito para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Letras, realizada sob orientação da Profª Drª Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes Evangelista. Banca Examinadora: _______________________________________ Profª Drª Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes Evangelista Orientadora – UNESP - Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara _______________________________________ Profª Drª Karin Volobuef UNESP – Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara _______________________________________ Profª Drª Wilma Patrícia M. Dinardo Maas UNESP – Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara Araraquara, ___ de ____________ de 2010 AGRADECIMENTOS A minha família e ao Felipe, meu namorado, pelo amor e pelo apoio de sempre.
    [Show full text]
  • Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States V
    American University International Law Review Volume 12 | Issue 1 Article 3 1997 Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert K. Lesli Ligomer Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ligorner, K. Lesli. "Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert." American University International Law Review 12, no. 1 (1997): 145-193. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP GUARD SERVICE EQUALS "GOODMORAL CHARACTER"?: UNITED STATES V. LINDERT By K Lesli Ligorner Fetching the newspaper from your porch, you look up and wave at your elderly neighbor across the street. This quiet man emigrated to the United States from Europe in the 1950s. Upon scanning the newspaper, you discover his picture on the front page and a story revealing that he guarded a notorious Nazi concen- tration camp. How would you react if you knew that this neighbor became a natu- ralized citizen in 1962 and that naturalization requires "good moral character"? The systematic persecution and destruction of innocent peoples from 1933 until 1945 remains a dark chapter in the annals of twentieth century history. Though the War Crimes Trials at Nilnberg' occurred over fifty years ago, the search for those who participated in Nazi-sponsored persecution has not ended.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89974-1 - Nazi Crimes and the Law Edited by Nathan Stoltzfus and Henry Friedlander Index More information Index accessories, accomplices vs. main Austrian Research Center for Postwar perpetrators, 11, 30–3, 95–7, 98–9, Trials, 150 137 Adenauer, Konrad, 10, 66, 116, 159, Babi Yar massacre, 40 162 Badoglio, Petro, 119, 121, 123 policies of amnesty and reintegration, 9, Balkans, 11, 12, 120, 174 83, 115, 158 Barge, Hans, 120–22, 125 Adorno, Theodor, 87, 116 Bartesch, Martin, 140, 142 Alexandria, 103, 104 Barthel, Heinrich, 46–51 Allied Control Council, 3, 43, Baunbuch (“brown book), 167 60 Befehlsnotstand. See defense arguments Allied High Commission, 158 Belgium, 76, 141 Alzey, 22 Benda, Ernst, 170 amnesty. See reintegration of former Bergen Belsen, 69 Nazis Bergerhoff, Hans, 78 Ankenbrand, Adam, 74–6 Berlin, 35, 54, 120, 129 Anschluss, 17, 67, 143 Berlin Wall, 114, 134, 166 anti-Semitism, 63–4, 67, 84, 97, 104–5, Bernburg, 23 111–12 Bernotat, Fritz, 52, 55–62 archives. See documents, documentary Birkenau concentration camp, 31, 204, 210 evidence Black, Peter, 186, 188, 192 Aristarco, Guido, 128 blacks, legislation against, 20 Arys, East Prussia, 104 Blum, Leon, 73 Auerswald, Willy, 79 Blum, Philipp, 55–61 Auschwitz, 76, 141, 142, 147, 179, 181, Blume, Manfred, 106, 110–11 211, 213 Bolker, Hermann, 57 war crimes trials, 28, 31, 141, 153, 164, Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 92 180 Bracher, Karl Dietrich, 39 Austin, Elmore, 47 Bradfisch, Otto, 95–7 Austria, 11–12, 15, 17, 27, 73, 139–42 Brandenburg, 23 people’s court
    [Show full text]
  • Steinweis on Burleigh, 'Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia
    H-German Steinweis on Burleigh, 'Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945' and Friedlander, 'The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution' Review published on Saturday, August 31, 1996 Michael Burleigh. Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xvii + 382 pp. $59.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-521-41613-9; $22.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-521-47769-7.Henry Friedlander. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xxiii + 421 pp. $34.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8078-2208-1. Reviewed by Alan E. Steinweis (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) Published on H-German (August, 1996) One of the salient features of Holocaust historiography in recent years has been a divergence between an essentially Judeocentric approach that pays relatively little attention to the non-Jewish victims of Nazi Germany, and an approach that endeavors to contextualize the persecution and murder of the Jews as a part of a broader Nazi program of racial purification and territorial aggrandizement. The two studies under review fall into the latter category. Both posit a close connection, ideologically and even organizationally, between the notorious Nazi "euthanasia" policy and the "Final Solution" of the "Jewish Question." But, even more significantly, both works place their primary focus on Nazi eugenics measures targeted at the disabled, emphasizing the point that Nazi "euthanasia" can no longer be understood as a mere preface to the Final Solution. The murder of the disabled was, according to these books, an integral part of the Holocaust.
    [Show full text]
  • Alan Steinweis on Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' In
    Michael Burleigh. Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, c.1900 to 1945. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xvii + 382 pp. $22.95, paper, ISBN 978-0-521-47769-7. Henry Friedlander. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xxiii + 421 pp. $34.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8078-2208-1. Reviewed by Alan E. Steinweis Published on H-German (August, 1996) One of the salient features of Holocaust histo‐ that Nazi "euthanasia" can no longer be under‐ riography in recent years has been a divergence stood as a mere preface to the Final Solution. The between an essentially Judeocentric approach murder of the disabled was, according to these that pays relatively little attention to the non-Jew‐ books, an integral part of the Holocaust. Nazi "eu‐ ish victims of Nazi Germany, and an approach thanasia" was a human tragedy of immense pro‐ that endeavors to contextualize the persecution portions and terrifying cruelty, one that ought to and murder of the Jews as a part of a broader prove instructive to a society such as ours in Nazi program of racial purification and territorial which efficiency is often placed before human aggrandizement. The two studies under review compassion, and in which hereditarian notions of fall into the latter category. Both posit a close con‐ human worth and achievement are enjoying re‐ nection, ideologically and even organizationally, newed legitimacy. between the notorious Nazi "euthanasia" policy The attention focused on Daniel J. Goldha‐ and the "Final Solution" of the "Jewish Question." gen's Hitler's Willing Executioners in recent But, even more significantly, both works place months has generated what we can only hope will their primary focus on Nazi eugenics measures prove to be a productive debate about the ideolog‐ targeted at the disabled, emphasizing the point ical and social origins of the Holocaust.
    [Show full text]
  • SWR2 Essay Extra Die Große Kulturmaschine Funk 60 Jahre Radio-Essay
    SWR2 MANUSKRIPT ESSAYS FEATURES KOMMENTARE VORTRÄGE SWR2 Essay extra Die Große Kulturmaschine Funk 60 Jahre Radio-Essay Teil 1 „Die große Kulturmaschine Funk“. 60 Jahre Radio-Essay Von Stephan Krass Teil 2 Ein Radiohörer mit runden Ohren, der Arno Schmidt und Wolfgang Koeppen hört. Von Sibylle Lewitscharoff Sendung: Montag, 14.09. 2015 Redaktion: Stephan Krass Bitte beachten Sie: Das Manuskript ist ausschließlich zum persönlichen, privaten Gebrauch bestimmt. Jede weitere Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Urhebers Service: SWR2 Essay können Sie auch als Live-Stream hören im SWR2 Webradio unter www.swr2.de oder als Podcast nachhören: http://www1.swr.de/podcast/xml/swr2/essay.xml Mitschnitte aller Sendungen der Redaktion SWR2 Essay sind auf CD erhältlich beim SWR Mitschnittdienst in Baden-Baden zum Preis von 12,50 Euro. Bestellungen über Telefon: 07221/929-26030 Kennen Sie schon das Serviceangebot des Kulturradios SWR2? Mit der kostenlosen SWR2 Kulturkarte können Sie zu ermäßigten Eintrittspreisen Veranstaltungen des SWR2 und seiner vielen Kulturpartner im Sendegebiet besuchen. Mit dem Infoheft SWR2 Kulturservice sind Sie stets über SWR2 und die zahlreichen Veranstaltungen im SWR2-Kulturpartner-Netz informiert. Jetzt anmelden unter 07221/300 200 oder swr2.de 1 Teil 1 Die große Kulturmaschine Funk – 60 Jahre Radio-Essay Von Stephan Krass Am 12. Juli 1955 – vor 60 Jahren - ging beim SDR in Stuttgart ein Programm auf Sendung, das auf den Namen Radio-Essay getauft wurde. Aus diesem Anlass veranstaltete SWR2 am 25. Juni 2015 im Literaturhaus Stuttgart ein Symposion, auf dem der runde Geburtstag gefeiert wurde. SWR2 extra sendet die Vorträge dieser Jubiläumsveranstaltung bis kommenden Freitag jeden Abend um 22:03 Uhr.
    [Show full text]
  • History 323 the Holocaust in 20Th Century Europe Spring 2011
    History 323 The Holocaust in 20th Century Europe Spring 2011 Prof. Wolf Gruner Time: Tu/Th 11-12.20 Email: [email protected] Room: THH 106 Phone: (213) 740-1668 Class #: 37064R Office: SOS 262 Course is on Blackboard Office hours: Tues 12.45-1.45 pm & by app’t. The Holocaust is one of the most researched and nevertheless still most disputed events in Modern History. This course investigates the origins and the development of anti-Jewish persecution in the Third Reich, which finally ended in the systematic mass murder of Europe's Jews during World War II. Using both primary and secondary source material we will discuss the early efforts to isolate and marginalize German Jewry during the 1930s, changes in persecution strategy after the notorious pogrom of 1938 (“Cristal night”) and the transition to mass murder during the War in the occupied European States. In contrast to common perspectives we will focus not only on the Nazi party or the SS, but on a broad range of German institutions and their personnel involved in the persecution of the Jews. We will discuss how much room to maneuver individuals in German institutions had at that time in order to examine individual responsibility of perpetrators and bystanders. The course will shed light on the living conditions of the Jewish population under oppression, and on the reactions and resistance of Jewish individuals as well as of Jewish institutions. During the course we will see how the Holocaust fit into the broader context of a Nazi “war of destruction” against Roma, Slaves, Soviet POW’s, “asocials,” handicapped people and gays.
    [Show full text]
  • Readingsample
    insel taschenbuch 3275 Herrlich wie am ersten Tag 125 Gedichte und ihre Interpretationen Bearbeitet von Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Marcel Reich-Ranicki 1. Auflage 2008. Taschenbuch. 566 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 458 34975 4 Format (B x L): 10,6 x 17,5 cm Gewicht: 280 g schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. Insel Verlag Leseprobe Goethe, Johann Wolfgang »Herrlich wie am ersten Tag« 125 Gedichte und ihre Interpretationen Ausgewählt von Marcel Reich-Ranicki © Insel Verlag insel taschenbuch 3275 978-3-458-34975-4 Goethes Lyrik ist immer noch und heute erst recht: eine Fund- grube, in der sich mehr verbirgt, als wir uns vorstellen können. Aus seinem riesigen und einzigartigen Werk werden 125 Ge- dichte vorgelegt und von ihren Kennern kommentiert, berühmte ebenso wie wenig bekannte, wenn nicht gar vergessene. Mit ihren persönlichen Deutungen zeigen uns die Interpreten, wie man diese Gedichte begreifen kann, nicht, wie man sie begreifen muß – und regen uns damit an, sie aufmerksam zu lesen und auf unsere Weise zu verstehen. Es äußern sich Lyriker wie Hilde Domin, Karl Krolow, Elisabeth Borchers und Ernst Jandl, Günter Kunert und Ulla Hahn, Schriftsteller wie Wolfgang Koeppen, Golo Mann und Siegfried Lenz, Literaturhistoriker wie Benno von Wiese, Peter Demetz und Peter Wapnewski, Kritiker wie Hilde Spiel, Günter Blöcker und Joachim Kaiser sowie Siegfried Unseld.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Norman J.W
    Introduction Norman J.W. Goda E The examination of legal proceedings related to Nazi Germany’s war and the Holocaust has expanded signifi cantly in the past two decades. It was not always so. Though the Trial of the Major War Criminals at Nuremberg in 1945–1946 generated signifi cant scholarly literature, most of it, at least in the trial’s immediate aftermath, concerned legal scholars’ judgments of the trial’s effi cacy from a strictly legalistic perspective. Was the four-power trial based on ex post facto law and thus problematic for that reason, or did it provide the best possible due process to the defendants under the circumstances?1 Cold War political wrangl ing over the subsequent Allied trials in the western German occupation zones as well as the sentences that they pronounced generated a discourse that was far more critical of the tri- als than laudatory.2 Historians, meanwhile, used the records assembled at Nuremberg as an entrée into other captured German records as they wrote initial studies of the Third Reich, these focusing mainly on foreign policy and wartime strategy, though also to some degree on the Final Solution to the Jewish Question.3 But they did not historicize the trial, nor any of subsequent trials, as such. Studies that analyzed the postwar proceedings in and of themselves from a historical perspective developed only three de- cades after Nuremberg, and they focused mainly on the origins of the initial, groundbreaking trial.4 Matters changed in the 1990s for a number of reasons. The fi rst was late- and post-Cold War interest among historians of Germany, and of other nations too, in Vergangenheitsbewältigung—the political, social, and intellectual attempt to confront, or to sidestep, the criminal wartime past.
    [Show full text]
  • Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe
    UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe Symposium Presentations W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. Forced and Slave Labor in Nazi-Dominated Europe Symposium Presentations CENTER FOR ADVANCED HOLOCAUST STUDIES UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM 2004 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council or of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2004 Copyright © 2004 by Peter Hayes, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Michael Thad Allen, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Paul Jaskot, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Wolf Gruner, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Randolph L. Braham, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Christopher R. Browning, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by William Rosenzweig, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Andrej Angrick, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Sarah B. Farmer, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Copyright © 2004 by Rolf Keller, assigned to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................................i
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 07 May 2015 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Ward, Simon (2009) 'Berlin as space and place in Wolfgang Koeppen's later texts.', in The politics of place in post-war Germany : essays in literary criticism. Lewiston (N.Y.), Queenston (Ont.), Lampeter [England]: Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 67-84. Further information on publisher's website: http://mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=7776pc=9 Publisher's copyright statement: Ward, Simon (2009) 'Berlin as space and place in Wolfgang Koeppen's later texts.', in The politics of place in post-war Germany : essays in literary criticism. / edited by David Clarke and Renate Rechtien. Lewiston (N.Y.), Queenston (Ont.), Lampeter [England]: Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 67-84. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk CHAPTER 4 Berlin as Space and Place in Wolfgang Koeppen’s Later Texts Simon Ward Remembering Berlin The surfeit of recent investigations into Berlin and memory, instigated principally by Brian Ladd’s study of The Ghosts of Berlin, has paid a tremendous degree of attention to the material ‘sites of memory’, but less close scrutiny has been afforded to the forms of mediation which are required to activate that memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected]
    Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected] http://www.wiesenthal.com http://www.museumoftolerance.com http://www.teachers.museumoftolerance.com http://motlc.wiesenthal.com The Holocaust, 1933 - 1945 Educational Resources Kit For educational programs, permission is granted for the reproduction of these materials, provided it is accompanied by the following statement: Courtesy of the Simon Wiesenthal Center The Holocaust, 1933 – 1945 Educational Resources Kit Table of Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 1 TIMELINE OF THE HOLOCAUST: 1933 – 1945 ....................................................................................... 5 GLOSSARY OF TERMS, PLACES, AND PERSONALITIES..................................................................... 9 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .................................................................................................................... 23 DIRECTORIES OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS ......................................................................................... 37 MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE CENTERS AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS.............................................................................. 37 IMPORTANT SUB-CAMPS AND THEIR MAIN CAMPS ..................................................................................................... 40
    [Show full text]