Isabel Wilkerson Journalist and Author of the Warmth of Other Sons and Caste Yale Presentation
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ECON 3248 Fall 2020 Isabel Wilkerson on the Great Migration from the Warmth of Other Suns p 1 Notes on Great Migration and the Return Migration that post 1990 i Isabel Wilkerson, Journalist and Author of the Warmth Fof Other Suns 15,325 views •Jan 21, 2011 Yale University 203K subscribers Note to cite one of these paragraphs or quotes please search for it and add a timestamp, for example Rio Grande is mentioned 2:46 minutes into this talk, so cite this comment a Wilkerson, Isabel (2011) Invited Speaker at Yale University Jan 21st YouTube video Yale University, New Haven. ECON 3248 Fall 2020 Isabel Wilkerson on the Great Migration from the Warmth of Other Suns p 2 Additional Materials on the Great Migration: CUNY American Social History Project Toppo and Overberg (2015) USA Today, Feb 2nd After nearly 100 years, Great Migration begins reversal “College Grads And Retirees Are Leading The Return Of Blacks To The South A Note on return Migration: Returning migrants tend to start new businesses, on this we have evidence from Albania* (see the Harvard CID Albania project including Ricardo Hausmann’s 2017 talk) and China (see Lin and Revindo (2021) Return home and start a new business: return Migration in China, APEL, Australian National University. *Note the Albanian Diaspora is large, we have many Albania immigrants in the Bronx, many Arthur Ave shops and restaurants are owned by Albanians Isabel Wilkerson, journalist and author of "The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration," speaks at Yale as a Poynter Fellow in Journalism. The event was co-sponsored by the Department of African American Studies. Inspired by her own parents' migration, Wilkerson devoted 15 years researching and writing her first book, "The Warmth of Other Suns." The book chronicles the stories of a sharecropper's wife, a laborer and a surgeon who were among the six million black Americans that fled the American South during the Great Migration between World War I and the 1970s. It is the story of how the northern cities evolve as a result of the migration, of the music and culture that might not have existed had these individuals not left the South in search of new beginnings. Named one of The New York Times Book Review's 10 Best Books of the Year, "The Warmth of Other Suns" (September 2010) has received critical acclaim for telling one of the greatest underreported stories in American history. Wilkerson interviewed more than 1,200 individuals, unearthed archival works and gathered the voices of the famous and the unknown to tell the epic story. Transcript created byYouTube (not perfect, my changes in italics and yellow highlights added) Thank you so much professor Alexander it's such an to be here and to even see you after all these years to even be on the same stage the poet still means a lot to a journalist it's still an out-of-body experience to be standing here before you today after having completed this book I have been on a journey of my own just to report and to write this book this book is 15 years of love and obsession and passion and dedication and absorption into another era it's 15 years so that if this were human being it would be in high school and dating which gives you a sense of what it took to write this book I come to you as a journalist who has made the transition of the journey herself from daily journalism newspaper journalism at the I would argue and say always the best newspaper in the country if not the world and devoted myself to understanding what I believe to be the biggest underreported story of the 20th century I'm glad that I didn't know it was going to take 15 years because I don't think I would have finished it I don't think I would have embarked upon it had I known but I'm glad that I didn't know because it allowed me to to start this and to complete it now I decided to devote myself for my first book to something gargantuan something that lasted throughout most of the 20th century involved six million people changed altered forever the demographics the culture the politics of our country so I just thought I'd start with something small you know go from small with smaller stories or run a newspaper in a day to something it would take 15 years this story is a universal story of longing and determination which I was convinced from the very beginning could have meaning for people far beyond the reach of the stories itself themselves The people who left had the immigrant heart they had the same longing and determination for something better as anyone who ever crossed the Atlantic in steerage or crossed the Pacific Ocean and hopes for something better or crossed the Rio Grande to get to this country. ECON 3248 Fall 2020 Isabel Wilkerson on the Great Migration from the Warmth of Other Suns p 3 In fact it's the story if you think of it of almost every American because who among us would even be here had there not been someone in our backgrounds from someplace far away who had the courage the will the determination and the grit to leave the only place that they'd ever known for a place that they'd never seen. In hopes that life might be better no guarantees whatsoever and we all in some ways though our existence to that how many of us have… I've known so many people who have say an Irish great-grandmother who met an Italian great-grandfather on the Lower East Side of Manhattan or on the southwest side of Chicago or perhaps in Boston and they never would have met they came here and created whole new lineages. We in fact owe a debt our very existence in fact to someone who did that otherwise we wouldn't be here that is truly the American story and that's what happened within the own borders of our of our own country now these six million people who left this great migration began during World War one and did not end until 1970 when the essential conditions that had led to this migration were finally resolved in the South I call this overground railroad because in some ways they were responding to and acting upon the unmet promises of the Emancipation Proclamation in other words the Emancipation Proclamation did not live up to its name and it took these people to actually make it become real to free themselves these were in my view defections from a caste these people were seeking political asylum as any group of people might think political asylum in this country except they were citizens already and that makes it all the more poignant to me all the more tragic in some ways and all the more daring in its own way and that is in fact the reason why it went underreported for so long because people didn't take notice of people who were migrating within their own borders there was there was no Ellis Island to through which the people had to be processed they if they could manage to get out they were they were free to leave the question was how they were going get out now I focus on trying to understand the world that they were leaving what would propel six million people to leave the land of their forefathers for a place that they'd never seen in search of what Richard Wright calls the warmth of other Suns they in fact we're not leaving for a warmer Thunder they were leaving for Suns as we know so well just looking outside today is clearly not any warmer than those that they were leaving but symbolically they were my mother actually was always a believer in this title so the book was a nameless orphan child for a very long time and I while I was working on it and settled on this title for reasons I could talk about a little bit later and she said to me she was a part of this great migration she said to me yes we had to leave because our sun was cold our sun was cold now they were living under an artificial hierarchy a caste system which as with the it's related word caste (or cast) as one would put on a broken bone is in some ways a stricter it holds one fast in a certain place and that's exactly what this caste system did people were assigned to a certain caste upon birth based upon lineage and what they look like such that there was no opportunity at a point for there to be almost any interaction between the races save for the actual mechanics of work that was the only way that they could be that there could be any interaction between the two so that In Birmingham it was actually against the law for a black person and a white person to play checkers together one has to imagine how someone came up with that as a law someone must have seen a black person and a white person playing checkers in some courthouse square in Birmingham and perhaps the two were having too good a time maybe they were laughing joking I'm between the two of them and someone must have seen it and said that the entire foundation of the American South is imperiled and we must end this now so someone had to go and write this out as a law so that this would not happen anymore this would have heard everyone would have heard the black person who wanted to play and the white person who might have really quite enjoyed playing checkers with their friend but this was an indication of just how far the southern caste system was going to go to maintain this system which was required to ensure that there would be an oversupply of ready and willing cheap labor to work the cotton to work the cotton fields to work the tobacco fields to raise the rice and sugar cane and all the other things that the southern caste system had relied upon in order to make the economy ECON 3248 Fall 2020 Isabel Wilkerson on the Great Migration from the Warmth of Other Suns