Vision, Purchase & The War of 1812 THE JEFFERSONIAN ERA Review: Creation of the 1st Political Parties

Federalists Anti-Federalists

Federalist Party (Democratic) Republicans

Jefferson, Madison**, Monroe, JQ Hamilton, Adams, Pinckney Adams

▪ Why is Madison a Republican now? → After the passage of the Constitution, he viewed Hamilton & the Federalists as selfish & an “overbearing majority” The Early Presidents

George Washington (1789-1797) • Party: None* • VP: John Adams • Legacy: Washington’s Farewell Address Washington’s Farewell Address

Warns against:

• Harmful effects of factions • Permanent entangling alliances

**Symbolic of 1790s

• Bitter political rivalries • Fear of immigrants/foreign influence (Alien & Sedition Acts) The Early Presidents

Most votes = Pres 2nd = VP 71 – Adams; John Adams 68 – TJ; 60 – Pinkney (1797-1801) • Party: Federalist • VP: Thomas Jefferson John Adams on slavery: (Republican) Personally opposed but incorrectly assumes it’s on • How did that happen? the decline “Revolution” of 1800

▪ Adams (F) vs. Jefferson (R)

▪ Burr (VP candidate) & Jefferson received same amount of votes

▪ Hamilton supports Jefferson—why? Judiciary Act of 1801

▪ After Jefferson’s election, Federalists only control judiciary branch

▪ Act passed by Congress to reduce # of S.C. justices (6→5), but ^ # of federal judgeships

▪ Adams & “Midnight appointments” JEFFERSONIAN VISION… Jeffersonian Vision o Political liberty could only survive under conditions of broad social and economic equality. o Job of government to maintain open & equal society. o How? Jeffersonian Vision

o Avoid: o Commerce/ manufacturing Jeffersonian Vision o Encourage: o Yeomen farmer o Self-reliant o Concerned for public good

o Rapid territorial expansion o Secure borders from foreign threats o Provide revenue o Strengthen Republican Louisiana Purchase

o 1800: France gets land back from Spain o (ends right of deposit in N.O.-Pinckney’s Treaty)

o 1803: Monroe/Livingston go to buy NO Louisiana Purchase o Napoleon willing to sell entire territory o Why? 1) Impractical to defend that territory 2) Needs $ to fund conquest in Europe 3) Made US more powerful against Britain Louisiana Purchase

o Robert Livingston negotiates price o $10 million → $15 million Louisiana Purchase

o Republicans: loose construction o Federalists: strict construction

*Flip-flop! Lewis & Clark Expedition (1804-06)

• Jefferson planned an expedition across the continent to gather geographical facts and investigate prospect for trade with the Natives o Sacajawea LT. Zebulon Pike o TJ dispatched over explorers to the L.P. area o Led expedition from St. Louis to the upper Mississippi Valley o In CO, failed to climb the peak named after him o Deemed land: o “Great American Desert”: false! Results of TJ’s Term o Landmark foreign policy o Avoids war with France o Avoids alliance with England o Non-interventionist o Boosted national unity o Death of Federalist party inevitable o West is tied to Union Re-election (1804)

▪ Stamp of approval for Purchase

▪ Essex Junto  Extreme Federalist in Mass. threatened secession  Want to form a N. Confederacy

▪ VP Burr supports Federalists

▪ Hamilton speaks out Hamilton v. Burr… again? After the duel…

▪ Within hours of the duel, Angelica Schuyler Church, Elizabeth Hamilton’s sister and Hamilton’s close friend and correspondent, wrote this letter to her brother Philip Schuyler to break the news. She wrote that the Hamilton “was this morning wounded by that wretch Burr.”

▪ Her handwriting suggests her level of distress. Angelica also wrote, “we have every reason to hope that he will recover,” but he did not.

▪ Hamilton died the following morning, surrounded by family and friends, after a night of agony. Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages

Religion Religious Skepticism & 2nd Great Awakening (Deism) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages

Industry, Tech, etc. Cotton gin, shipping, steamboat, turnpike (anti-industry favored yeomenry) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages

Constitutional Examples of loose Constructionism interpretations (Louisiana Purchase) (Interpretation—strict) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages The Federal City Creation of UNIQUE American culture (Washington DC) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages President Jefferson the President

(limited Presidential power) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages Art/Literature/Music New National Culture—Noah Webster, Washington Irving (American voice) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages Education Patterns of Education including women & natives (Universal Education) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages Native Americans “Indian Problems w/British”, Tecumseh (Convert & Assimilate) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages Foreign Policy Barbary Pirates Napoleon & Purchase (neutrality but favored (Impressments, Chesapeake- French) Leopard Affair) Jefferson Era Chart

Topic/Vision Reference Pages Expansionism Louisiana Purchase

(for yeomenry) Jeffersonian Vision: Myth or Reality?

▪ The presidential actions of Thomas Jefferson were consistent with his vision of democracy. Assess the validity of this statement with respect to any THREE of the topics from the chart. As a team:

1. Determine the “action word” 2. Formulate a position on the prompt 3. Draft a thesis statement. Be sure to include your position AND mention of the 3 topics you want to include. 4. Create a brief outline (with topic sentences) 5. Bullet point info for each paragraph