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Special Issue— the Early Life of Heber J A Multidisciplinary Latter-day Saint Journal Special Issue— the early life of Heber J. Grant TO OUR READERS BYU Studies is dedicated to the correlation of revealed and discovered truth and to the conviction that the spiritual and the intellectual can be complementary and funda- mentally harmonious avenues of knowledge. This periodical strives to explore schol- arly perspectives on Latter-day Saint topics. It is committed to seeking truth “by study and also by faith” (D&C 88:118) and recognizes that all knowledge without charity is nothing (1 Cor. 13:2). It proceeds on the premise that faith and reason, revelation and scholarly learning, obedience and creativity are compatible; they are “many members, yet but one body” (1 Cor. 12:20). Contributions from all fields of learning are invited. BYU Studies strives to pub- lish articles that openly reflect a Latter-day Saint point of view and are obviously rele- vant to subjects of general interest to Latter-day Saints, while conforming to high scholarly standards. BYU Studies invites poetry and personal essays dealing with the life of the mind, reflections on personal and spiritual responses to academic experi- ences, intellectual choices, values, responsibilities, and methods. All personal essays received will be entered in our annual personal essay contest. Short studies and notes are also welcomed. Opinions expressed in BYU Studies are the opinions of contributors. Their views should not necessarily be attributed to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Brigham Young University, or BYU Studies editors, staff, or board members. INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be viewed on our website at http://byustudies.byu.edu SUBSCRIBERS’ NOTICE Subscription is $5.00 for one issue (you may subscribe at this rate for as many future issues as you like); $20.00 for one year (four issues); and $45.00 for ten issues (tenth issue is free). Foreign subscriptions for Canadian residents are 1 yr., $28.00; other non-USA residents, 1 yr., $40.00 (airmail) or $32.00 (surface). A price list for back issues is available upon request. All subscriptions begin with the forthcoming issue, or additional postage is charged. Address all correspondence to BYU Studies, 403 CB, PO Box 24098, Provo, Utah 84602-4098. You may also contact us by email: “[email protected]”; phone: (801) 422-6691; or fax: (801) 422-0232. If you move, please notify us in writing four weeks before changing your address; otherwise you must pay for replacement issues and mailing costs. PUBLISHED INDEXES AND ABSTRACTS BYU Studies is abstracted in Current Contents, Social and Behavioral Science; indexed in ATLA Religion Database (published by the American Theological Library Association, Chicago, email: [email protected], website: http://www.atla.com) and Index to Book Reviews in Religion; and listed in Historical Abstracts; Arts and Humanities Citation Index; America, History, and Life; and MLA International Bibliography. BYU Studies is published quarterly at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. ©2004 Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. on acid-free paper 4-90-46359-3.3M ISSN 0007–0106 BYU STUDIES Editor in Chief John W. Welch Executive Editor Doris R. Dant Editors Church History Richard Bennett, chair Brian Q. Cannon Kathryn Daynes Steven C. Harper Steven Sorensen Frederick G. Williams Liberal Arts and Sciences Gideon Burton, chair Mark Johnson David P. Laraway John M. Murphy Richard G. Oman Steven C. Walker Photography Editors Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, chair William S. Dant Thomas R. Wells Dramatic Arts Editor Eric R. Samuelsen Advisory Board Noel L. Owen, chair Donna Lee Bowen Randall L. Hall L. Gary Lambert Maren M. Mouritsen Managing Editors Jennifer Hurlbut Anastasia M. Sutherland Karen Todd Production Editor Robert E. M. Spencer Web Editors Rayman Meservy, chair Eden Rasmussen Web Programer Mark Keith Staff Marny K. Parkin Annette Samuelsen Editorial Assistants Kristen M. Allred Ruth Andrews Rebecka Bingham Micah E. Croft Aaron C. Cummings Melissa R. Eaton Matthew R. Gardner Sommer Greer Jamie L. Johnson Heather M. Kirby Jana Lloyd Kirk Shaw Kelli Ann Skinner Tasha Sotomayor Tyra Tanner Glen Varga Catharine Verhaaren Courtesy Church Archives Heber and Gusta toward the end of their lives with their grandchildren and great- grandchildren in 1938. Qualities That Count Heber J. Grant as Businessman, Missionary, and Apostle Essays by Ronald W. Walker BYU Studies Vol. 43 • No. 1 • 2004 To friends and collaborators at the Smith Institute, who have so fully enriched my life. Contents Illustrations ix Introduction xi Family Life Jedediah and Heber Grant 1 Rachel R. Grant: The Continuing Legacy of the Feminine Ideal 17 Young Heber J. Grant’s Years of Passage 41 Growing Up in Early Utah: The Wasatch Literary Association, 1874‒1878 61 Businessman Young Heber J. Grant: Entrepreneur Extraordinary 81 Crisis in Zion: Heber J. Grant and the Panic of 1893 115 Heber J. Grant and the Utah Loan and Trust Company 143 Young Apostle Young Heber J. Grant and His Call to the Apostleship 167 A Mormon “Widow” in Colorado: The Exile of Emily Wells Grant 175 Grant’s Watershed: Succession in the Presidency, 1887‒1889 195 vii viii Qualities That Count Missionary Strangers in a Strange Land: Heber J. Grant and the Opening of the Japan Mission 231 Heber J. Grant’s European Mission, 1903‒1906 263 Index 291 Illustrations Jedediah Morgan Grant, ca. 1856 2 Six of Jedediah Grant’s sons, 1877 7 Heber J. Grant’s ten daughters, ca. 1902 10 Family tree of Jedediah M. and Heber J. Grant 11 The Grant adobe home on Main Street 26 Young Heber and his mother, Rachel 28 Cottage on Second East Street 29 Heber J. Grant as a baby, ca. 1858 42 Bishop Edwin D. Woolley, ca. 1854 45 Heber as a young man 55 Young Orson F. Whitney, ca. 1875 62 Young Emily Wells 67 Rulon Wells and Orson Whitney, ca. 1875 72 Heber J. Grant as a young boy with his mother, Rachel 85 Zion’s Savings Bank and Trust 92 Grant Brothers’ Livery and Transfer Company 106 The Salt Lake Theatre, ca. 1864 107 Templeton building 118 Detail of the Templeton building 118 Zion’s Cooperative Mercantile Institution 119 Heber with Lucy and their children, 1887 121 ix x Qualities That Count Heber M. Wells 123 Note from H. B. Claflin Company 134 Elder Abraham H. Cannon 144 Elder Heber J. Grant 146 David Eccles 150 Heber J. Grant in 1883 168 Richard W. Young 169 Anthony W. Ivins 170 Emily Wells 176 Heber and Emily’s family 177 Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, ca. 1882 197 The First Presidency, ca. 1880 199 The First Presidency, 1894 221 First Latter-day Saint missionaries called to Japan, 1901 236 Missionaries at the Yokohama, Japan, dedication site 239 Heber J. Grant with several missionaries and their wives 245 Group of missionaries in England, 1906 274 Heber J. Grant signing books 279 Cities that Heber J. Grant visited, November 1903 to August 1906 280 Heber and Emily in front of St. Mark’s Cathedral, 1906 282 Introduction remember the telephone call well. Picking up the receiver, I heard Imy secretary’s voice telling me of an incoming call. “Brother Walker,” she said, “Grover Cleveland is on the phone and wants to speak with you.” In a way, that phone call began this book. Of course, Grover Cleveland—the long-deceased President of the United States—was not on the telephone. My caller was actually Leonard J. Arrington, Church Historian at the time, and he was phoning in his usually cheery way to ask me to join his staff. At the time, I was working at the Salt Lake City headquarters of the Church Education System, helping to write curriculum. Leonard, who enjoyed a little of the cloak and dagger, used President Cleveland’s name as a means to give privacy to our negotiation. My secretary, an able worker but not much of a historian, never broke the code. After several weeks of his entreaties, I finally joined his staff. I was only a day or two on the job when Leonard gave me a proposition. “How would you like to write a biography of President Heber J. Grant?” he asked. “Look over the preliminary register of Presi- dent Grant’s papers and give me an idea of how long it will take.” Just beginning my career, I was hardly on scholarly speaking terms with President Grant. However, there were some things that I knew. I knew, for instance, that he had presided longer than any other Church president, except Brigham Young, whose thirty-year tenure exceeded President Grant’s by just three years. So long was xi xii Qualities That Count President Grant’s career and tenure, his life spanned Mormonism’s second, third, and fourth generations, from 1856 to 1945. I also knew my Primary stories about President Grant’s grit and persistence. Also, I could recall, as a six-year-old living in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, hearing the radio bulletin announcing his death. My mother said that this news was important, and I knew that it must be so. News about Latter-day Saints was an unusual in the mid-twentieth century in the American Midwest. I understood this fact even as a small boy. Yet, beyond such incidental and skeletal things, I knew little about the man, though I understood the professional and religious opportunity that Leonard was giving me. Here was a chance to get acquainted with a major Church leader and to learn about Mormon history for more than two-thirds of the Church’s existence. Fol- lowing Leonard’s instruction about examining the register, I glanced at its many pages and, hardly understanding the summit to be climbed, told him that the research could be managed in two years, with another year needed for writing.
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