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Ipomoea Carnea Gupta et al. Int. AvailableJ. Phar. & onlineBiomedi. at Rese www.ijpbr.net. (2020) 7(6), 4 -15 ISSN: 2394 – 3726 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2394-3726.1107 ISSN: 2394 - 3726 Int. J. Phar. & Biomedi. Rese. (2020) 7(6), 4-15 Review Article Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Open Access Journal A Review - On Indian Folklore Medicinal Plants: Ipomoea Carnea Garima Gupta*, Ajit Kiran Kaur, Anil Kumar Department of Pharmacy, Monad University, N.H. 9, Delhi Hapur Road, Village & Post Kastla, Kasmabad, P.O Pilkhuwa - 245304, Dist. Hapur (U.P.), India *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 9.11.2020 | Revised: 15.12.2020 | Accepted: 23.12.2020 ABSTRACT The previous study of Ipomoea carnea commonly known as Besharam or Behaya tree belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The Plant is native of America and India. Because of fast growing nature of Ipomoea carnea, it is widely distributed in India. If the pregnant animal (Got) eat this plant it was found that a lack of maternal infants bonding. Due to this nature, generally the plant called as Besharam / Behaya or Shameless. Different Species of Ipomoea available in different part of India, phytoconstituent of Ipomoea carnea, responsible for his toxic nature like Swainsonine, and pharmacological, toxicological property of Ipomoea carnea , like anti- bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, sedative anti- cancer, etc. It was used in ancient system of medicine and the fact that the plant had immense potential for pharmacological and insecticidal Properties. Ipomoea carnea has great importance in Ayurveda. Keywords: Ipomoea carnea, Phytochemistry Pharmacology. INTRODUCTION shape and greenish in colour. Plant also Bush Morning Glory botanically named as contains alternate leaves. Leaf is simple and “Ipomoea carnea” from the family of petiolat. Petiole is cylindrical, attains 4.0 - 7.5 Convolvulaceae. It is a large, diffuse or cm length and 2.5 – 3.0 mm diameter. Upper straggling perennial shrub. In Hindi it is surface of leaf is dull green and the lower is known as beshara /behaya, its meaning pale. Leaves which grow in shade is larger shameless1.This genus is except- tonally than the which grow in sunlight. Its flower is diverse, containing over 600 species of vines axial with green pedicel and cylindrical in and shrubs widely distributed throughout the shape. Flower up to 1.5 to 2.2 cm in length 3- tropics and subtropics region2. Ipomoea 5. The leaves which receive lesser sunlight carnea grows to a height of 6 m on terrestrial may grow larger than the leaves which receive land, but acquires a shorter height in the full sunlight. aquatic habitats more or less cylindrical in Cite this article: Gupta, G., Kaur, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2020). A Review - On Indian Folklore Medicinal Plants: Ipomoea Carnea, Int. J. Phar. & Biomedi. Rese. 7(6), 4-15. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2394- 3726.1107 Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; IJPBR 4 Gupta et al. Int. J. Phar. & Biomedi. Rese. (2020) 7(6), 4-15 ISSN: 2394 – 3726 The stem of Ipomoea carnea can be used for carcinogenic and oxytoxic properties making paper (Dutt et al., 2005). The plant is (Chand, Navin & Rohatgi, 2005). also of medicinal value. It is used in different Colourful flowers are often grown as traditional medical systems including ornamentals, and a number of cultivars Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The plant part is have been developed. Their deep flowers used for Safed Dag (Leucoderma) (Adsul et attract Butterflies and hummingbirds. al., 2012), Cyclophosphamide (Phillips et al., Stem is also used as fire wood. 1994) as aphrodisiac, purgative and cathartic. The plants are also used for fencing. It contains a component identical to marsilin, a It contains a component identical to sedative and anticonvulsant (Meira et al., marsilin, a sedative and anticonvulsant 2012). The stem of Ipomoea carnea can be (Chand, Navin & Rohatgi, 2005). used for making paper (Chand, Navin & A glycosidic saponin of Ipomoea carnea Rohatgi 2005). has ant carcinogenic and oxytoxic Other uses of Ipomoea carnea are- properties. A glycosidic saponin has also been Leaves are used as fertilizer. purified from I. carnea with ant The plant has various medicinal values. Scientific Classification Kingdom - Plantae Clade - Angiosperms Clade - Eudicots Clade - Asterids Order - Solanales Family - Convolvulaceae Genus - Ipomoea Species - I carnea Binomial name - Ipomoea carnea Jace. Synonym Hindi - Beshram, Behaya, English - Bush Morning glory Oriya - Behayo Marathi - Beshram Bengali - Beshram Ipomoea carnea: Basic features and ranging from Argentina to the southern parts traditional usage of USA (Shaltout et al., 2009, & Chaudhuri et The shrub Ipomoea carnea is up to 2.5 m tall, al., 1994). This plant species has also been of which, branches are ascending, usually reported from South Asia, including fistular, and contain milky juice. The stem of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Ipomoea carnea is erect, woody, hairy, more or and several African countries like Egypt, less cylindrical in shape and greenish in Kenya and coast of tropical East Africa colour, monopod ally branched, and bears (Farahat et al., 2012). It is quite a common alternate leaves. The seed is three sided, with flower in the rural areas of Bangladesh and two flat ventral surfaces that may have a India as well as the roadside. In some parts of central depression and one convex dorsal China, Hainan, Guangxi, as well as Taiwan. surface (Shaltout et al., 2006, & Farahat et al., Ecological amplitude for I. Carnea is much 2012). Ipomoea carnea belongs to the class of wide, and they are observed to growing in Magnoliophyta and family Convolvulaceae xeric and hydric conditions. Ipomoea carnea (Nusrat et al., 2014) Ipomoea carnea is highly commonly grows in dense populations along distributed throughout American tropics, river beds, drain banks, road sides, field edges, Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; IJPBR 5 Gupta et al. Int. J. Phar. & Biomedi. Rese. (2020) 7(6), 4-15 ISSN: 2394 – 3726 banks, canals and other waterlogged areas. rapid propagating behaviour, wide ecological Ipomoea carnea is a flowering plant and is amplitude and extraordinary competitive cultivated in the garden as ornamental plant. It abilities (Farahat et al., 2012). A photograph of is also cultivated as hedge plant in the crop I. carnea is presented in Figure. fields, fence and firewood (dry) due to its Figure 1 Photograph of flowering plant Ipomoea carnea PHYTOCHEMISTRY: leaves of this plant showed the presence of The literature survey reveals that the plant thirteen compounds which include possess various bioactive compounds such as hexadecanoic acid, stearic acid, 1, 2 diethyl glycosides, alkaloids, reducing sugars, phthalate, n-octadecanol, octacosane, flavonoids, fatty acid, esters, alcohol1 and hexatriacontane, tetracontane, 3-diethylamino- tannins (Sharma & Bachheti, 2013). The 1- propanol (Nandkumar, 2009). a) Stearic acid b) Hexadecanoic acid c) N-octadecanol d) 3-diethylamino-1- propanol Copyright © Nov.-Dec., 2020; IJPBR 6 Gupta et al. Int. J. Phar. & Biomedi. Rese. (2020) 7(6), 4-15 ISSN: 2394 – 3726 e) Tetracontane Fig.2 Structure of compound present in Ipomoea carnea One study shows that Ethanol – Water (80: 20) separated from Ipomoea Carnea. Its structure extract of Ipomoea Carnea contains was studied by HPTLC, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, appreciable amount of flavonoids and phenol. 13C-NMR (Chaudhuri et al., 1994). Flowers contain maximum amount of Saleem M. et al and Sahayaraj K et al studied phenoliccompounds while stem contain their that when bioactive secondary metabolites minimum amount. Phenolic values lies isolated from the n-hexane soluble part of the between 45 to 73 mg catechol equivalent / gm ethanolic extract of Ipomoea Carnea, which (Afifi et al., 1988, & Shaltout et al., 2006). were identified as octyl-p-coumarate, Ipomoea Carnea is a rich source of chemical umbelliferon, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, compounds, pigments, steroid etc (Farahat et dodecyl-p-coumarate, methyl-p coumarate, al., 2012). Chloroform extract of Ipomoea scopoletin and 3-oleanone (Moindi et al., Carnea showed the presence of steroids, 2012). carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, Latex of Ipomoea Carnea contains a saponins, xanthoproteins and flavonoids. compound Carnein. It is 80 kDa subtilisin-like Gupta A et al studied that when Ipomoea serine protease. It shows exceptionally high Fistulosa flowers were analyzed with resistance to chemical and thermal Petroleum ether and Hydro alcoholic treatment denaturation. Carnein were isolated from then Flavonoids, Tannins, Glycosides, Ipomoea Carnea latex, purified and Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, and Phenolic crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour - compound were observed (Nusrat et al., 2014). diffusion method (Nandkumar, 2009). In another study, leaves, flowers and Qualitative Test for phytochemicals seeds of Ipomoea Carnea were treated with The different extract of leaves of Ipomoea aqueous ethanol. The extracts obtained were carnea were tested for various components by purified with Amberlite IR-120B (H+ form). their specific tests viz. Mayer’s test, After this they were treated with N-methyl-N dragendroff's test, wagner's test for alkaloids; (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide. These gelatin test, ferric chloride test, vanillin derivatives were analysed by capillary GCMS hydrochloride test for tannins and phenolic presence of swainsonine and calystegines B1,
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