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Index Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures; those in bold to tables or boxes. 0–3 years effects on dental materials 171 primary molars 47, 301, 302 caries epidemiology 104–107 reducing intake 169, 170–171 related tooth resorption 256 caries prevention 118–119 activity, temperamental 57 anodontia 32, 33 caries treatment 143–144 adhesive materials 145 anomalies, dental see developmental periodontal foreign bodies 190–191 adolescence 24, 25 dental defects radiographic examination 79 see also 12 (or 13)–18 years anorexia nervosa 164–165, 324 see also early childhood caries adrenaline 90, 94 anterior cross bite 297, 305 0–12 years see children advocacy, child 373 anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) 3–5 (or 6) years (preschool) agenesis of teeth see missing teeth, injection technique 93 caries epidemiology 107 congenitally anterior permanent teeth caries treatment 144–148 age‐related differences non vital pulp therapy for dental erosion 161 dental anxiety and behavior problems 57 immature 218–224 psychological development 22–23 gingivitis 175 occlusal development 294 toothache with extensive caries 213–214 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 183 antibacterial agents, caries prevention 6–12 years (elementary school) agranulocytosis 178 126–127 caries epidemiology 107, 108 AIDS/HIV infection 318, 326, 332 antibiotic therapy caries treatment 148–151 allergic reactions 94 endocarditis prophylaxis 321 psychological development 23, 24 alveolar process fractures 231, 243–244 periodontitis 186 12 (or 13)–18 years (adolescents) alveolar socket wall fractures 231 preschool child with toothache 214 caries epidemiology 107, 108 amalgam restorations 141, 146, 156, 157 regenerative endodontic therapy 224 caries treatment 151–157 ameloblasts 28, 261 replantation of avulsed teeth 243 dental erosion 161–162, 163 amelogenesis 252, 261 anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) 331 orthodontic treatment 306 amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) 275–280 anxiety, dental 55–64 psychological development 24, 25 combined hypoplastic/ definition 55 22q11 deletion syndrome 340, 352 hypomaturation 276, 277 etiology 56–59, 103 genetics 359–360 expression 56 abfraction, dental 161 hypocalcified 276, 277, 278, 278 management 59–64 abrasion hypomaturation 276, 277, 278 parental 58 dental 161 hypoplastic 276, 277, 278 prevalence 55, 56 oral soft tissues 231 treatment 276–280 APC gene 358, 359 abscesses amelogenins 261 Apert syndrome 354, 355, 356 dental caries 70, 103 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) apexification, calcium hydroxide hereditary rickets 286 physical status classification 96, 98 218–222, 254 regional odontodysplasia 288, 289 COPYRIGHTEDamoxicillin 214 MATERIALapexogenesis 215–218 see also infections, dental analgesia aphthous ulcers 196 academic achievement 21 defined 87 aplastic anemia 317 acetaminophen (paracetamol) 95 general 87, 95 appearance acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 95, 321 see also local analgesia/anesthesia; assessment of child’s 68 achondroplasia 12 pain control dissatisfaction with 306 acidic drinks/foods ankylosis and reality, children’s understanding 17 dental erosion 162, 163, 165, 166 arresting tooth eruption 45–46, 52 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 4, 5 Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach, Third Edition. Edited by Göran Koch, Sven Poulsen, Ivar Espelid, and Dorte Haubek. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion website: www.wiley.com/go/koch/pediatric_dentistry 377 0002852537.INDD 377 10/7/2016 8:04:29 PM 378 Index approximal tooth surfaces specialized pediatric dentists 64 bulimia nervosa 164–165, 324 caries diagnosis 105, 135 systematic desensitization 61–63 bupivacaine 95 caries epidemiology 104, 107, 108, 151, 152 techniques 59–64 burns, inflicted 363 caries progression 152, 153, 154 see also tell–show–do technique caries treatment 138, 144, 145, 151, beneficence 372, 374 calcium hydroxide 155–157 benzocaine, topical intraoral 90 apexification 218–222, 254 grading caries severity 132 benzodiazepines 96, 98–99 primary teeth 209, 210, 211–212 arm span 5, 6 doses 98–99 vital immature permanent teeth 217 articaine 90, 95 inhalation sedation with 97 calcium/phosphate metabolism, disturbances Asperger syndrome 335, 337 routes of administration 98, 99, 99 in 283–289 aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 95, 321 see also conscious sedation calculus 71, 176 asthma 319, 320–321 best interests, child’s 371, 373 cerebral palsy 342 dental erosion 164 β2-agonists 321 removal 186 oral health concerns 320–321 binge eating disorder (BED) 323–324 subgingival 176, 181, 184 atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) biopsychosocial approach 15–16 cancer see malignant disease 146–147 biopsychosocial model candidiasis, oral 195–196, 322, 326 attachment theory 21–22 functioning and disability 334 canines attention deficit hyperactivity disorder psychopathology 24 caries treatment 144, 145–146 (ADHD) 57–58, 338–339 birth, effects on tooth development 267, 269 culturally‐determined bud removal attrition, dental 161 birth length 4 267, 268 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 336–338 birth weight 4, 5 ectopic 49, 50 autonomy 372, 373, 374 bites, inflicted 364 orthodontic problems 301, 302 autosomal dominant inheritance 353 bitewing radiographs 80–81 treatment 202, 203, 303, 304 autosomal recessive inheritance 353 caries detection 77–78, 135 impacted 301, 302, 303 autotransplantation of premolars 259 caries screening intervals 77–78 capillary hemangioma 200, 201 avulsion, tooth 231, 232 black staining of teeth 177 Carabelli’s cusp 37 permanent teeth 242 bleaching carbamide peroxide 224 first aid 243, 245 non vital permanent teeth 224–225 cardiovascular disorders 178, 321–322 long‐term prognosis 258 tetracycline‐induced stains 271 caries 102–109 replantation 243, 243, 244 bleeding disorders 328–329 active lesions 133, 133, 134 primary teeth 236 blood–injection–injury phobia (BII activity assessment 131, 133, 133, 138 AXIN2 gene 358 phobia) 57, 62–63 arrested lesions 133, 133, 134, 137, 138 body posture, disabled patients 347–348 asthma 320–321 baby bottle tooth decay see early childhood body proportions, measurement 5, 6 causation 116–117 caries Bohn’s nodules 199 cavitated lesions see cavitated caries lesions bacterial infections bone, development 28 congenital heart disease 322 oral mucosal 193 bone age 9, 10 cystic fibrosis 325–326 see also infections, dental; periodontal bone loss definition 130 diseases periodontitis 181, 182 diagnosis 130–136 bank account analogy 62 trauma‐related, treatment options 259 alternative/supplementary tools 135–136 B‐cell deficiencies 326 bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family clinical examination 70, 72, 119, 131–135 Becker muscular dystrophy 344 proteins 30 epidemiologic studies 104, 105 behavioral inhibition 19, 57 boys occlusal surfaces 131 behavior change, caries prevention 122 growth potential 8 radiography 76–78, 131, 135 behavior management 55–64 late puberty 12–14 screening intervals 77–78 autism spectrum disorder 337–338 pubertal development 6–7 tools 131–135 caries treatment 143 see also sex differences disabled children 345 creating a safe environment 59–60 breast development 6 early childhood see early childhood caries definitions 55 breathing, paced 63 epidemiology 103–109 dental radiography 80, 81, 86 breathing habits permanent dentition 107–108, 151–152 disabled children 347 gingivitis risk 177, 178 primary dentition 104–107 Down syndrome 341 malocclusion development 295 societal change and 108–109 emergency situations 64 Bronfenbrenner, Urie 22 epidermolysis bullosa 328 etiology 56–59 bruises, inflicted 363, 364 gingivitis risk 177 expression of problems 56 bruxism 170, 310 health implications 102–103 graded exposure technique 60–61, 62 buccal tooth surfaces historical perspective 1 local analgesia 60, 62–63, 90 caries detection 134–135 noncavitated lesions see noncavitated caries prevalence of problems 55, 56 caries treatment 137, 138 lesions sedation with 63 grading caries severity 132 orthodontic issues 306 0002852537.INDD 378 10/7/2016 8:04:29 PM Index 379 permanent teeth see under permanent cementum 261–262 Class III malocclusion dentition cerebral palsy 341–343 orthodontic treatment 305 prediction 118, 119, 148 functioning 335 primary dentition 296–297 prevention 104, 114–128 oral health problems 317, 342 Class III restorations behavior change 122 cherubism 45, 46 permanent teeth 151 collaboration and interaction 120–122 chewing, malocclusion and 306–307 primary teeth 145–146 common risk factor strategy 114, 128 chewing gum 170, 310 cleft lip and palate 344–345 concepts 114–115 chickenpox 194 cleft lip/palate ectodermal dysplasia (CLPED) coordinated approach 128 child abuse 362–369, 375 syndrome 358 diet 124–126 child competency 1, 2, 59 cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) 44, 45, disabled children 345–347 child maltreatment 362–369 358, 359 evidence‐based 115–116, 123 definitions 362 clinical examination 66, 68–73 fissure sealing 127, 128 forensic oral examination 368 clonidine 95 high‐risk strategy 128 health implications 368–369 Cochrane Collaboration 116 methods 120–127 interviewing child and family 367–368 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) 59–63 plaque control 126–127 managing suspected 366–367 see also behavior management population strategy 127–128 oral and dental aspects 365–366 cognitive development 16–17, 23 topical fluoride 122–124 prevalence 362–363 COL1 gene defects 360 primary teeth see under primary dentition recognition 363–365 Collis Curve toothbrush 346 progression rates 144, 145, 151–153, 154 risk factors 363 color, tooth 73, 73, 229