THE EFFECTS of ETHYL ALCOHOL on CONTRALATERAL and IPSILATERAL ACOUSTIC REFLEX THRESHOLDS Edward N. Cohill a Dissertation Submitt
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Experimental Studies on the Function of the Stapedius Muscle Inman
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE FUNCTION OF THE STAPEDIUS MUSCLE INMAN AKADEMISK AVHANDLING som med vederbörligt tillstånd av Medicinska fakulteten vid Umeå Universitet för vinnande av medicine doktorsgrad offentligen försvaras i Samhällsvetarhuset, sal D, lördagen den 25 maj 1974 kl. 9.15 f.m. av JOHN-ERIK ZAKRISSON med.lic. UMEÅ 1974 UMEÀ UNIVERSITY MEDICAL DISSERTATIONS No. 18 1974 From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden and the Division of Physiological Acoustics, Department of Physiology II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE FUNCTION OF THE STAPEDIUS MUSCLE IN MAN BY JOHN-ERIK ZAKRISSON UMEÂ 1974 To Karin Eva and Gunilla The present thesis is based on the following papers which will be referred to in the text by the Roman numerals: I. Zakrisson, J.-E., Borg, E. & Blom, S. The acoustic impedance change as a measure of stapedius muscle activity in man. A methodological study with electromyography. Acta Otolaryng, preprint. II. Borg, E. & Zakrisson, J.-E. Stapedius reflex and monaural masking. Acta Otolaryng, preprint. III. Zakrisson, J.-E. The role of the stapedius reflex in poststimulatory audi tory fatigue. Acta Otolaryng, preprint. IV. Borg, E. & Zakrisson, J.-E. The activity of the stapedius muscle in man during vocalization. Acta Otolaryng, accepted for publication. CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS .......................................... 8 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 9 MATERIAL..................................................................................................... -
Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Initial Stage of Fetal Development of the Pharyngotympanic Tube Cartilage with Special Reference to Muscle Attachments to the Tube
Original Article http://dx.doi.org/10.5115/acb.2012.45.3.185 pISSN 2093-3665 eISSN 2093-3673 Initial stage of fetal development of the pharyngotympanic tube cartilage with special reference to muscle attachments to the tube Yukio Katori1, Jose Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez2, Samuel Verdugo-López2, Gen Murakami3, Tetsuaki Kawase4,5, Toshimitsu Kobayashi5 1Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Sendai Municipal Hospital, Sendai, Japan, 2Department of Anatomy and Embryology II, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain, 3Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, 4Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 5Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Abstract: Fetal development of the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube (PTT) is characterized by its late start. We examined semiserial histological sections of 20 human fetuses at 14-18 weeks of gestation. As controls, we also observed sections of 5 large fetuses at around 30 weeks. At and around 14 weeks, the tubal cartilage first appeared in the posterior side of the pharyngeal opening of the PTT. The levator veli palatini muscle used a mucosal fold containing the initial cartilage for its downward path to the palate. Moreover, the cartilage is a limited hard attachment for the muscle. Therefore, the PTT and its cartilage seemed to play a critical role in early development of levator veli muscle. In contrast, the cartilage developed so that it extended laterally, along a fascia-like structure that connected with the tensor tympani muscle. This muscle appeared to exert mechanical stress on the initial cartilage. -
Tonic Tensor Tympani Syndrome (TTTS)
Tonic Tensor Tympani Syndrome (TTTS) http://www.dineenandwestcott.com.au/hyperacusis.php?fid=1 Retrieved 15ththth May 2009 In the middle ear, the tensor tympani muscle and the stapedial muscle contract to tighten the middle ear bones (the ossicles) as a reaction to loud, potentially damaging sound. This provides protection to the inner ear from these loud sounds. In many people with hyperacusis, an increased, involuntary activity can develop in the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear as part of a protective and startle response to some sounds. This lowered reflex threshold for tensor tympani contraction is activated by the perception/anticipation of sudden, unexpected, loud sound, and is called tonic tensor tympani syndrome (TTTS). In some people with hyperacusis, it appears that the tensor tympani muscle can contract just by thinking about a loud sound. Following exposure to intolerable sounds, this heightened contraction of the tensor tympani muscle: • tightens the ear drum • stiffens the middle ear bones (ossicles) • can lead to irritability of the trigeminal nerve, which innervates the tensor tympani muscle; and to other nerves supplying the ear drum • can affect the airflow into the middle ear. The tensor tympani muscle functions in coordination with the tensor veli palatini muscle. When we yawn or swallow, these muscles work together to open the Eustachian tube. This keeps the ears healthy by clearing the middle ear of any accumulated fluid and allows the ears to “pop” by equalising pressure caused by altitude changes. TTTS can lead to a range of symptoms in and around the ear(s): ear pain; pain in the jaw joint and down the neck; a fluttering sensation in the ear; a sensation of fullness in the ear; burning/numbness/tingling in and around the ear; unsteadiness; distorted hearing. -
ANATOMY of EAR Basic Ear Anatomy
ANATOMY OF EAR Basic Ear Anatomy • Expected outcomes • To understand the hearing mechanism • To be able to identify the structures of the ear Development of Ear 1. Pinna develops from 1st & 2nd Branchial arch (Hillocks of His). Starts at 6 Weeks & is complete by 20 weeks. 2. E.A.M. develops from dorsal end of 1st branchial arch starting at 6-8 weeks and is complete by 28 weeks. 3. Middle Ear development —Malleus & Incus develop between 6-8 weeks from 1st & 2nd branchial arch. Branchial arches & Development of Ear Dev. contd---- • T.M at 28 weeks from all 3 germinal layers . • Foot plate of stapes develops from otic capsule b/w 6- 8 weeks. • Inner ear develops from otic capsule starting at 5 weeks & is complete by 25 weeks. • Development of external/middle/inner ear is independent of each other. Development of ear External Ear • It consists of - Pinna and External auditory meatus. Pinna • It is made up of fibro elastic cartilage covered by skin and connected to the surrounding parts by ligaments and muscles. • Various landmarks on the pinna are helix, antihelix, lobule, tragus, concha, scaphoid fossa and triangular fossa • Pinna has two surfaces i.e. medial or cranial surface and a lateral surface . • Cymba concha lies between crus helix and crus antihelix. It is an important landmark for mastoid antrum. Anatomy of external ear • Landmarks of pinna Anatomy of external ear • Bat-Ear is the most common congenital anomaly of pinna in which antihelix has not developed and excessive conchal cartilage is present. • Corrections of Pinna defects are done at 6 years of age. -
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and Main Principals Of
Yagenich L.V., Kirillova I.I., Siritsa Ye.A. Latin and main principals of anatomical, pharmaceutical and clinical terminology (Student's book) Simferopol, 2017 Contents No. Topics Page 1. UNIT I. Latin language history. Phonetics. Alphabet. Vowels and consonants classification. Diphthongs. Digraphs. Letter combinations. 4-13 Syllable shortness and longitude. Stress rules. 2. UNIT II. Grammatical noun categories, declension characteristics, noun 14-25 dictionary forms, determination of the noun stems, nominative and genitive cases and their significance in terms formation. I-st noun declension. 3. UNIT III. Adjectives and its grammatical categories. Classes of adjectives. Adjective entries in dictionaries. Adjectives of the I-st group. Gender 26-36 endings, stem-determining. 4. UNIT IV. Adjectives of the 2-nd group. Morphological characteristics of two- and multi-word anatomical terms. Syntax of two- and multi-word 37-49 anatomical terms. Nouns of the 2nd declension 5. UNIT V. General characteristic of the nouns of the 3rd declension. Parisyllabic and imparisyllabic nouns. Types of stems of the nouns of the 50-58 3rd declension and their peculiarities. 3rd declension nouns in combination with agreed and non-agreed attributes 6. UNIT VI. Peculiarities of 3rd declension nouns of masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Muscle names referring to their functions. Exceptions to the 59-71 gender rule of 3rd declension nouns for all three genders 7. UNIT VII. 1st, 2nd and 3rd declension nouns in combination with II class adjectives. Present Participle and its declension. Anatomical terms 72-81 consisting of nouns and participles 8. UNIT VIII. Nouns of the 4th and 5th declensions and their combination with 82-89 adjectives 9. -
Audiometric Findings with Voluntary Tensor Tympani Contraction Brandon Wickens1 , Duncan Floyd2 and Manohar Bance3*
Wickens et al. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (2017) 46:2 DOI 10.1186/s40463-016-0182-y ORIGINALRESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Audiometric findings with voluntary tensor tympani contraction Brandon Wickens1 , Duncan Floyd2 and Manohar Bance3* Abstract Background: Tensor tympani contraction may have a "signature" audiogram. This study demonstrates audiometric findings during voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Methods: Five volunteers possessing the ability to voluntarily contract their tensor tympani muscles were identified and enrolled. Tensor tympani contraction was confirmed with characteristic tympanometry findings. Study subjects underwent conventional audiometry. Air conduction and bone conduction threshold testing was performed with and without voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Main outcome measure: Changes in air conduction and bone conduction thresholds during voluntary tensor tympani contraction. Results: Audiometric results demonstrate a low frequency mixed hearing loss resulting from tensor tympani contraction. Specifically, at 250 Hz, air conduction thresholds increased by 22 dB and bone conduction thresholds increased by 10 dB. Conclusions: Previous research has demonstrated a low frequency conductive hearing loss in the setting of tensor tympanic contraction. This is the first study to demonstrate a low frequency mixed hearing loss associated with tensor tympani contraction. This finding may aid in the diagnosis of disorders resulting from abnormal tensor tympani function. Tensor tympani contraction -
Absence of Both Stapedius Tendon and Muscle
Case Reports Absence of both stapedius tendon and muscle Cem Kopuz, PhD, Suat Turgut, MD, Aysin Kale, MD, Mennan E. Aydin, MD. ABSTRACT During surgery for otosclerosis, it is common for the surgeon to cut the stapedius tendon. The absence of the stapedius muscle with its tendon is uncommon. In this study, we present a case of the absence of the unilateral stapedius tendon and muscle. During dissections of adult temporal bones, the absence of the stapedius tendon and muscle was found in one case. The tympanic cavity was explored with the help of a surgical microscope. The pyramidal process was not developed. A possible ontogenetic explanation was provided. In the presented case, the cause of the anomaly may be failure of the embryological development of the muscle. Awareness of the variations or anomalies of the stapedius muscle and tendon are important for surgeons who operate upon the tympanic cavity, especially during surgery for otosclerosis. Neurosciences 2006; Vol. 11 (2): 112-114 he congenital ear anomalies, which have many muscular unit may be absent,6-8 and its tendon may different types, may be divided into major and ossificate.8 The middle ear variations have a reported minorT anomalies.1,2 The major congenital anomalies incidence of approximately 5.6%.6 The incidence involve the malformations of the middle ear, external of the absence of the tendon of stapedius is 0.5%.9 meatus and the auricle, while the minor congenital There are limited literature reports on the absence of anomalies are restricted to the middle ear. It has been the stapedius muscular unit,8,10 and so, the absence stated that congenital malformations of the middle ear of this muscular unit can be confused with the other have been described in association with various head anomalies or pathological conditions. -
The Effect of Valsalva and Jendrassik Maneuvers on Acoustic Reflex El Efecto De Las Maniobras De Valsalva Y Jendrassik Sobre El Reflejo Acústico
ISSN-e: 2529-850X The effect of Valsalva and Jendrassik maneuvers on Volumen 5 Numero 12 pp 1504-1515 acoustic reflex Diciembre 2020 Deniel Fakouri, Mohammad Hosein Taziki Balajelini, DOI: 10.19230/jonnpr.3953 Seyed Mehran Hosseini ORIGINAL The effect of Valsalva and Jendrassik maneuvers on acoustic reflex El efecto de las maniobras de Valsalva y Jendrassik sobre el reflejo acústico Deniel Fakouri1, Mohammad Hosein Taziki Balajelini2, Seyed Mehran Hosseini3 1 Golestan University of Medical sciences, Student Research Committee, International Campus, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Golestan, Iran 2 MD., Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Golestan, Iran 3 MD. PhD, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Golestan, Iran. Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Golestan, Iran * Corresponding Author. e-mail: [email protected] (S. Mehran Hosseini). Received 10 August 2020; acepted 6 September 2020. How to cite this paper: Fakouri D, Taziki Balajelini MH, Hosseini SM. The effect of Valsalva and Jendrassik maneuvers on acoustic reflex. JONNPR. 2020;5(12):1504-15. DOI: 10.19230/jonnpr.3953 Cómo citar este artículo: Fakouri D, Taziki Balajelini MH, Hosseini SM. El efecto de las maniobras de Valsalva y Jendrassik sobre el reflejo acústico. JONNPR. 2020;5(12):1504-15. DOI: 10.19230/jonnpr.3953 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License La revista no cobra tasas por el envío de trabajos, ni tampoco cuotas por la publicación de sus artículos. -
Effects of Stapedius-Muscle Contractions on Masking of Tone Responses in the Auditory Nerve
Effects of Stapedius-Muscle Contractions on Masking of Tone Responses in the Auditory Nerve RLE Technical Report No. 544 May 1989 Xiao Dong Pang Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 USA a e a a -2- EFFECTS OF STAPEDIUS-MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS ON MASKING OF TONE RESPONSES IN THE AUDITORY NERVE by XIAO DONG PANG Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science on April 29, 1988 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Science ABSTRACT The stapedius muscle in the mammalian middle ear contracts under various condi- tions, including vocalization, chewing, head and body movement, and sound stimulation. Contractions of the stapedius muscle' modify (mostly attenuate) transmission of acoustic signals through the middle ear, and this modification is a function of acoustic frequency. This thesis is aimed at a more comprehensive understanding of (1) the functional benefits of contractions of the stapedius muscle for information processing in the auditory system, and (2) the neuronal mechanisms of the functional benefits. The above goals were approached by investigating the effects of stapedius muscle contractions on the masking by low-frequency noise of the responses to high-frequency tones of cat auditory-nerve fibers. The following considerations led to the approach. (1) Most natural sounds have multiple spectral components; a general property of the audi- tory system is that the responsiveness of individual auditory-nerve fibers and the whole auditory system to one component can be reduced by the presence of another component, a phenomenon referred to as "masking". (2) It is known that low-frequency sounds mask auditory responses to high-frequency sounds much more than the reverse. -
Índice De Denominacións Españolas
VOCABULARIO Índice de denominacións españolas 255 VOCABULARIO 256 VOCABULARIO agente tensioactivo pulmonar, 2441 A agranulocito, 32 abaxial, 3 agujero aórtico, 1317 abertura pupilar, 6 agujero de la vena cava, 1178 abierto de atrás, 4 agujero dental inferior, 1179 abierto de delante, 5 agujero magno, 1182 ablación, 1717 agujero mandibular, 1179 abomaso, 7 agujero mentoniano, 1180 acetábulo, 10 agujero obturado, 1181 ácido biliar, 11 agujero occipital, 1182 ácido desoxirribonucleico, 12 agujero oval, 1183 ácido desoxirribonucleico agujero sacro, 1184 nucleosómico, 28 agujero vertebral, 1185 ácido nucleico, 13 aire, 1560 ácido ribonucleico, 14 ala, 1 ácido ribonucleico mensajero, 167 ala de la nariz, 2 ácido ribonucleico ribosómico, 168 alantoamnios, 33 acino hepático, 15 alantoides, 34 acorne, 16 albardado, 35 acostarse, 850 albugínea, 2574 acromático, 17 aldosterona, 36 acromatina, 18 almohadilla, 38 acromion, 19 almohadilla carpiana, 39 acrosoma, 20 almohadilla córnea, 40 ACTH, 1335 almohadilla dental, 41 actina, 21 almohadilla dentaria, 41 actina F, 22 almohadilla digital, 42 actina G, 23 almohadilla metacarpiana, 43 actitud, 24 almohadilla metatarsiana, 44 acueducto cerebral, 25 almohadilla tarsiana, 45 acueducto de Silvio, 25 alocórtex, 46 acueducto mesencefálico, 25 alto de cola, 2260 adamantoblasto, 59 altura a la punta de la espalda, 56 adenohipófisis, 26 altura anterior de la espalda, 56 ADH, 1336 altura del esternón, 47 adipocito, 27 altura del pecho, 48 ADN, 12 altura del tórax, 48 ADN nucleosómico, 28 alunarado, 49 ADNn, 28 -
Endoscopic Treatment of Middle Ear Myoclonus with Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Section: a New Minimally-Invasive Approach
British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 4(17): 3398-3405, 2014 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Endoscopic Treatment of Middle Ear Myoclonus with Stapedius and Tensor Tympani Section: A New Minimally-Invasive Approach Natasha Pollak1*, Roya Azadarmaki2 and Sidrah Ahmad1 1Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 2Metropolitan NeuroEar Group, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author NP designed study, performed surgery, literature review, writing, reviewing. Author RA literature review, writing, reviewing. Author SA performed surgery, writing, reviewing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Received 26th January 2014 th Case Study Accepted 11 March 2014 Published 27th March 2014 ABSTRACT Aims: We describe a new, entirely endoscopic surgical technique for treatment of middle ear myoclonus. Case Presentation: In our patient, the stapedius and tensor tympani tendons were sectioned to control chronic middle ear myoclonus. The procedure was performed using endoscopic ear surgery techniques, with the aid of rigid Hopkins rod endoscopes. Control of the pulsatile tinnitus was achieved after endoscopic tenotomy of the stapedius and tensor tympani, without any complications. Discussion and Conclusion: Endoscopic tensor tympani and stapedius tendon section is a new, minimally invasive treatment option for middle ear myoclonus that should be considered as a first line surgical approach in patients who fail medical therapy. The use of an endoscopic approach allows for easier access and vastly superior visualization of the relevant anatomy, which in turn allows the surgeon to minimize dissection of healthy tissue for exposure. The entire operation, including raising the tympanomeatal flap and tendon section can be safely completed under visualization with a rigid endoscope with good control of the pulsatile tinnitus.