Basic Qualification Requirements
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Buzzle – Zoology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions Http
Buzzle – Zoology Terms – Glossary of Biology Terms and Definitions http://www.buzzle.com/articles/biology-terms-glossary-of-biology-terms-and- definitions.html#ZoologyGlossary Biology is the branch of science concerned with the study of life: structure, growth, functioning and evolution of living things. This discipline of science comprises three sub-disciplines that are botany (study of plants), Zoology (study of animals) and Microbiology (study of microorganisms). This vast subject of science involves the usage of myriads of biology terms, which are essential to be comprehended correctly. People involved in the science field encounter innumerable jargons during their study, research or work. Moreover, since science is a part of everybody's life, it is something that is important to all individuals. A Abdomen: Abdomen in mammals is the portion of the body which is located below the rib cage, and in arthropods below the thorax. It is the cavity that contains stomach, intestines, etc. Abscission: Abscission is a process of shedding or separating part of an organism from the rest of it. Common examples are that of, plant parts like leaves, fruits, flowers and bark being separated from the plant. Accidental: Accidental refers to the occurrences or existence of all those species that would not be found in a particular region under normal circumstances. Acclimation: Acclimation refers to the morphological and/or physiological changes experienced by various organisms to adapt or accustom themselves to a new climate or environment. Active Transport: The movement of cellular substances like ions or molecules by traveling across the membrane, towards a higher level of concentration while consuming energy. -
A Timeline of Significant Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy
SpecialSpecial PublicationsPublications MuseumMuseum ofof TexasTexas TechTech UniversityUniversity NumberNumber xx66 21 Novemberxx XXXX 20102017 A Timeline of SignificantTitle Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy Molecular Biology Structural Biology Biochemistry Microbiology Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Computer Science Statistics Physical Chemistry Information Technology Mathematics David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Lisa C. Bradley, and Richard D. Stevens Front cover: This figure depicts a chronological presentation of some of the significant events, technological breakthroughs, and iconic personalities in the history of North American mammalogy. Red lines and arrows depict the chronological flow (i.e., top row – read left to right, middle row – read right to left, and third row – read left to right). See text and tables for expanded interpretation of the importance of each person or event. Top row: The first three panels (from left) are associated with the time period entitled “The Emergence Phase (16th‒18th Centuries)” – Mark Catesby’s 1748 map of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, Thomas Jefferson, and Charles Willson Peale; the next two panels represent “The Discovery Phase (19th Century)” – Spencer Fullerton Baird and C. Hart Merriam. Middle row: The first two panels (from right) represent “The Natural History Phase (1901‒1960)” – Joseph Grinnell and E. Raymond Hall; the next three panels (from right) depict “The Theoretical and Technological Phase (1961‒2000)” – illustration of Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson’s theory of island biogeography, karyogram depicting g-banded chromosomes, and photograph of electrophoretic mobility of proteins from an allozyme analysis. Bottom row: These four panels (from left) represent the “Big Data Phase (2001‒present)” – chromatogram illustrating a DNA sequence, bioinformatics and computational biology, phylogenetic tree of mammals, and storage banks for a supercomputer. -
Classification of Mammals 61
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful. -
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection
Distance Learning Program Anatomy of the Human Brain/Sheep Brain Dissection This guide is for middle and high school students participating in AIMS Anatomy of the Human Brain and Sheep Brain Dissections. Programs will be presented by an AIMS Anatomy Specialist. In this activity students will become more familiar with the anatomical structures of the human brain by observing, studying, and examining human specimens. The primary focus is on the anatomy, function, and pathology. Those students participating in Sheep Brain Dissections will have the opportunity to dissect and compare anatomical structures. At the end of this document, you will find anatomical diagrams, vocabulary review, and pre/post tests for your students. The following topics will be covered: 1. The neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system 2. Organization of the nervous system (the central and peripheral nervous systems) 4. Protective coverings of the brain 5. Brain Anatomy, including cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem 6. Spinal Cord Anatomy 7. Cranial and spinal nerves Objectives: The student will be able to: 1. Define the selected terms associated with the human brain and spinal cord; 2. Identify the protective structures of the brain; 3. Identify the four lobes of the brain; 4. Explain the correlation between brain surface area, structure and brain function. 5. Discuss common neurological disorders and treatments. 6. Describe the effects of drug and alcohol on the brain. 7. Correctly label a diagram of the human brain National Science Education -
Human Anatomy (Biology 2) Lecture Notes Updated July 2017 Instructor
Human Anatomy (Biology 2) Lecture Notes Updated July 2017 Instructor: Rebecca Bailey 1 Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation • Terms - Anatomy: the study of body structure and relationships among structures - Physiology: the study of body function • Levels of Organization - Chemical level 1. atoms and molecules - Cells 1. the basic unit of all living things - Tissues 1. cells join together to perform a particular function - Organs 1. tissues join together to perform a particular function - Organ system 1. organs join together to perform a particular function - Organismal 1. the whole body • Organ Systems • Anatomical Position • Regional Names - Axial region 1. head 2. neck 3. trunk a. thorax b. abdomen c. pelvis d. perineum - Appendicular region 1. limbs • Directional Terms - Superior (above) vs. Inferior (below) - Anterior (toward the front) vs. Posterior (toward the back)(Dorsal vs. Ventral) - Medial (toward the midline) vs. Lateral (away from the midline) - Intermediate (between a more medial and a more lateral structure) - Proximal (closer to the point of origin) vs. Distal (farther from the point of origin) - Superficial (toward the surface) vs. Deep (away from the surface) • Planes and Sections divide the body or organ - Frontal or coronal 1. divides into anterior/posterior 2 - Sagittal 1. divides into right and left halves 2. includes midsagittal and parasagittal - Transverse or cross-sectional 1. divides into superior/inferior • Body Cavities - Dorsal 1. cranial cavity 2. vertebral cavity - Ventral 1. lined with serous membrane 2. viscera (organs) covered by serous membrane 3. thoracic cavity a. two pleural cavities contain the lungs b. pericardial cavity contains heart c. the cavities are defined by serous membrane d. -
Thinking with Birds: Mary Elizabeth Barber's Advocacy for Gender
Thinking with Birds: Mary Elizabeth Barber’s Advocacy for Gender Equality in Ornithology TANJA HAMMEL Department of History, University of Basel This article explores parts of the first South African woman ornithologist’s life and work. It concerns itself with the micro-politics of Mary Elizabeth Barber’s knowledge of birds from the 1860s to the mid-1880s. Her work provides insight into contemporary scientific practices, particularly the importance of cross-cultural collaboration. I foreground how she cultivated a feminist Darwinism in which birds served as corroborative evidence for female selection and how she negotiated gender equality in her ornithological work. She did so by constructing local birdlife as a space of gender equality. While male ornithologists naturalised and reinvigorated Victorian gender roles in their descriptions and depictions of birds, she debunked them and stressed the absence of gendered spheres in bird life. She emphasised the female and male birds’ collaboration and gender equality that she missed in Victorian matrimony, an institution she harshly criticised. Reading her work against the background of her life story shows how her personal experiences as wife and mother as well as her observation of settler society informed her view on birds, and vice versa. Through birds she presented alternative relationships to matrimony. Her protection of insectivorous birds was at the same time an attempt to stress the need for a New Woman, an aspect that has hitherto been overlooked in studies of the transnational anti-plumage -
How to Become a Marine Biologist
How to Become a Marine Biologist If you like working in a variety of places, enjoy research and interacting with animals, like math and science, have initiative and can handle working in different conditions you might want to be a Marine Biologist Other advancements or career choices (professor, researcher, PhD etc) A Masters degree will allow you to specialize in marine biological fields like marine mammals or fisheries. You can also go straight from Marine Biologist Your PhD work should include your Masters to your PhD. field research, conferences and publications. Take as many science and math classes as possible. Also look for summer Masters camps and volunteer opportunities to get experience in the field. Reach out to local researchers. College Bachelor's degree in Biology, Marine Science, Oceanography, Fisheries, or other related fields High School Look for internships and field Middle School experience for the summer Attend science camps and other outdoor Attend and present at professional opportunities. Locate researchers doing conferences and try to publish interesting things and open communication your research. with them * Different marine biologist jobs may have more or less requirements. This is a generalized example to get you started on the right path. Marine Biologist Job Description: A marine biologist studies plants and animals that live in the ocean, their behavior and adaptations, roles in the food chain, and how humans can effect these organisms. They often concentrate on a specific organism or habitat. Marine biologists can work out in a field, lab, or in an office depending on the work they are conducting. -
Observebserve a D Dinosaurinosaur
OOBSERVEBSERVE A DDINOSAURINOSAUR How did ancient dinosaurs move and behave? To fi nd out, paleontologists look for clues in fossils, such as fossilized footprints, eggs, and even dung. They also observe and analyze the movement and behavior of living dinosaurs and other animals. These data help paleontologists interpret the fossil evidence. You can also observe living dinosaurs. Go outdoors to fi nd birds in their natural habitat. (Or you can use online bird videos, such as the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s video gallery at www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/ BirdGuide/VideoGallery.html) 1. Record Your Observations What Evidence IndiCates In a notebook, fi rst record information That Birds Are Dinosaurs? about the environment: Over 125 years ago, paleontologists made a startling discovery. They • Date and Time recognized that the physical characteristics of modern birds and a • Location and Habitat species of small carnivorous dinosaur were alike. • Weather and temperature Take a look at the skeletons of roadrunner (a modern bird) and Coelophysis (an extinct dinosaur) to explore some of these shared Then observe a bird and record: characteristics. Check out the bones labeled on the roadrunner. • How does the bird move? Can you fi nd and label similar bones on the Coelophysis? • What does the bird eat? ROADRUNNER • Is the bird alone or in a group? S-shaped neck • How does the bird behave with Hole in hip socket members of its species? • How does the bird behave with members of other species? V-shaped furcula Pubis bone in hip (wishbone) points backwards Tips: • Weather conditions can affect how animals behave. -
Sociobiology and Conflict. Evolutionary Perspectives On
S. Afr. J. Zool. 1992,27(2) 91 Book Reviews demonstration of heritability. If there is no heritable variance in a trait, selection cannot operate. Glib statements like the following: ' ... for any socially living mammalian species the competing sets of needs under discussion are very general and basic. We must there Sociobiology and Conflict. Evolutionary fore assume thal the varill1lce in the balance between tlwse sets of basic needs has strong genetic roots' (van der Molen, p. 65, my perspectives on competition, coopera emphasis) tion, violence and warfare. are inadequate. Without the demonstration of heritability, adapta tionist explanations remain 'just-so stories'. This point has been made many times in the past, but the message has still not been Edited by J. van der Dennen and V. Falger received and understood. It is 15 years since the pUblication of Published by Chapman and Hall, London Wilson's opus magnum, Sociobiology. Surely this is time enough 338 pages for workers who posit genetic explanations to begin to accumulate some genetic data? Some of us still like to believe that biology is a science - even when it is applied to the human species. A tho This book comprises 14 essays that explore the potential signifi rough scientific treatment demands critical examination of all prior cance of sociobiological theorising to an understanding of human assumptions. aggressive behaviour, 'in the hope that we might better understand Then there is the far more fundamental question as to whether and come to terms with the problems of human conflict' (p. 14). or not theories regarding the selective origin of I18gressive behavi The thesis advanced by the majority of the contributors is predica our in individuals - regardless of their merits and demerits - ted on the following notions: (i) that aggressive behaviour in can tell us anything whatsoever about the conduct of war between humans has a genetic basis which is sufficiently deterministic to nations. -
BIRDING— Fun and Science by Phyllis Mcintosh
COM . TOCK S HUTTER © S © BIRDING— Fun and Science by Phyllis McIntosh For passionate birdwatcher Sandy Komito of over age 16 say they actively observe and try to iden- Fair Lawn, New Jersey, 1998 was a big year. In a tify birds, although few go to the extremes Komito tight competition with two fellow birders to see as did. About 88 percent are content to enjoy bird many species as possible in a single year, Komito watching in their own backyards or neighborhoods. traveled 270,000 miles, crisscrossing North Amer- More avid participants plan vacations around ica and voyaging far out to sea to locate rare and their hobby and sometimes travel long distances to elusive birds. In the end, he set a North American view a rare species and add it to their lifelong list of record of 748 species, topping his own previous birds spotted. Many birdwatchers, both casual and record of 726, which had stood for 11 years. serious, also function as citizen scientists, provid- Komito and his fellow competitors are not alone ing valuable data to help scientists monitor bird in their love of birds. According to a U.S. Fish and populations and create management guidelines to Wildlife Service survey, about one in five Americans protect species in decline. 36 2 0 1 4 N UMBER 1 | E NGLISH T E ACHING F ORUM Birding Basics The origins of bird watching in the United States date back to the late 1800s when conserva- tionists became concerned about the hunting of birds to supply feathers for the fashion industry. -
Basic Brain Anatomy
Chapter 2 Basic Brain Anatomy Where this icon appears, visit The Brain http://go.jblearning.com/ManascoCWS to view the corresponding video. The average weight of an adult human brain is about 3 pounds. That is about the weight of a single small To understand how a part of the brain is disordered by cantaloupe or six grapefruits. If a human brain was damage or disease, speech-language pathologists must placed on a tray, it would look like a pretty unim- first know a few facts about the anatomy of the brain pressive mass of gray lumpy tissue (Luria, 1973). In in general and how a normal and healthy brain func- fact, for most of history the brain was thought to be tions. Readers can use the anatomy presented here as an utterly useless piece of flesh housed in the skull. a reference, review, and jumping off point to under- The Egyptians believed that the heart was the seat standing the consequences of damage to the structures of human intelligence, and as such, the brain was discussed. This chapter begins with the big picture promptly removed during mummification. In his and works down into the specifics of brain anatomy. essay On Sleep and Sleeplessness, Aristotle argued that the brain is a complex cooling mechanism for our bodies that works primarily to help cool and The Central Nervous condense water vapors rising in our bodies (Aristo- tle, republished 2011). He also established a strong System argument in this same essay for why infants should not drink wine. The basis for this argument was that The nervous system is divided into two major sec- infants already have Central nervous tions: the central nervous system and the peripheral too much moisture system The brain and nervous system. -
Introduction
Cambridge University Press 0521545498 - Teeth, Second Edition Simon Hillson Excerpt More information INTRODUCTION Teeth have the great archaeological advantage of being constructed from remarkably tough materials, which can survive a century and more in the harsh environment of the mouth. They also survive in a very wide range of archaeological sites and conditions of burial. Teeth of large animals are part of the carcass which is thrown away early in the butchery process, and so become incorporated quickly into rubbish deposits. They are readily recognised during excavation and routinely recovered in a similar way to artefacts. Often, they are amongst the most numerous finds. At large town sites in Britain, for instance, the number of identifiable bone and tooth fragments frequently exceeds the total of recognisable sherds of pottery. The importance of recovering such material from excavations has long been recognised. In his Primeval Antiquities of Denmark (1849), J. J. A. Worsaae asserted firmly that all objects from archaeological sites, including animal bones, should be preserved. As archaeology developed, finds of the remains of extinct mammals alongside human bones and artefacts came to provide crucial evidence for the antiq- uity of man. William Pengelly’s famous excavations of Brixham Cave in 1858–9 revealed a deposit containing flint tools and extinct animal bones that was sealed by a thick layer of stalagmite, also containing remains of extinct animals (Daniel, 1978). Most teeth from mammals larger than a cat can be recognised when trowelling on an archaeological site, or quickly recovered by sieving/screening at a coarse mesh (1 cm). Small mammals – traditionally those not tall enough to be seen above long grass – may have very small teeth indeed.