State of the 2015
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STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT REPORT 2015 OUR LAND OUR WATER OUR PLACE Front cover: Awatere Valley Foreword Naku te rourou, nau te rourou, kia ora ai te tangata With your basket of knowledge and our basket of knowledge our future will be better aligned. We live within a beautiful environment. We have much This State of the Environment Report provides a to celebrate with the diversity of our landscapes and snapshot of how well we are doing as a region. The our people. Many people from outside our wonderful report looks at the pressure on different resources, region may not appreciate that we have a range the response from Council and the community, and of environments of stunning the current condition of each scenery and biodiversity. domain: air, land, freshwater and coast, along with the state of our We have the vast expanse of WE ALL regional infrastructure. We also Molesworth, the hill and high set out future responses and country of the Awatere Valley, HAVE A STAKE provide links to websites where powerful, twisting rivers from more detailed information can be the Clarence in the south to IN OUR LAND, found. the Pelorus in the west, and OUR WATER, acres of green vines, productive There are many success stories farms and extensive forests. OUR PLACE. within these pages, showcasing Our coastal environments are the good work done by many equally impressive, with 1800 km organisations and individuals of sinuous coastline meandering since the last report in 2008. from Cape Campbell to Croisilles Harbour, embracing However, we have our challenges too, with soil the sheltered waters of our iconic Marlborough Sounds conservation, climate extremes, water quality, natural and opening out to the turbulent seas off D’Urville hazards, biodiversity loss, invasive species, overfishing, Island and Cook Strait. habitat loss and pollution of coastal waters creating significant stress on ecosystems. Our wealth and economy as a province is underpinned by these natural resources. The health and resilience Together we can tackle these issues as best we of these ecosystems therefore provide the very can. There is strength in collaboration and working foundation for our livelihoods. Tourism, aquaculture, together to find solutions. At the end of the report, fishing, forestry, farming, viticulture and horticulture there is a section called Play Your Part, offering tips all rely on the quality of the air, land and water and the and suggestions on how you can get involved. infrastructure provided by Council. Ngā mihi nui Peter Jerram | Chair, Environment Committee Alistair Sowman| Mayor MARLBOROUGH MARLBOROUGH DISTRICT COUNCIL DISTRICT COUNCIL PAGE 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 Setting the scene 7 Our people 8 Tangata whenua iwi Our land 14 Our water 16 Our place 20 Tourism and events 22 INFRASTRUCTURE Roads 25 Reserves 29 Water supply 35 Stormwater disposal 39 Wastewater (sewage) 41 Agricultural drainage on 43 the Wairau floodplain ATMOSPHERE LAND Climate trends 47 Indigenous biodiversity 83 Air quality and discharges 51 Biosecurity on land 87 Soils 92 FRESHWATER Land cover and land use 95 Surface water quantity 57 Dairy farming 98 Surface water quality 62 Winery waste 101 Groundwater quantity 66 Forestry 106 Groundwater quality 72 Waste 110 Recreational water 76 Contaminated land 113 quality - rivers Natural hazards 116 Freshwater biosecurity 78 Urban growth 126 Noise 128 COASTAL Recreational water quality - coastal beaches 134 Coastal discharges 136 Coastal water quality 139 Aquaculture 141 Marine biosecurity 145 Marine biodiversity 148 Estuaries 151 Coastal marine structures 155 Ship wake effects 158 Oil spill response 160 SOE 2015 | Play your part 162 PAGE 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The development of this State of the Environment Report has been very much a team effort by the staff of the Marlborough District Council and thanks must go to all those who contributed to the creation of the report. A report such as this could not be put together without the input from current and past staff members who have had the forethought to collect long term data that can be used to analyse trends and changes over time. Information from organisations external to the Marlborough District Council have also contributed to this report. To all who have provided information thank you for your contribution. Thanks to Candice Hume from Astute Editing and Proof Reading for the final proof reading and Sharee Vitale from Stampede Design for the desktop design and final layout. PAGE 4 The rivers, mountains, coastal waters, lagoons and fertile plains of Marlborough make our region one of the most diverse in New Zealand. The physical beauty is undeniable and so is the need to look after this environment for future generations. Marlborough’s economy – farming, viticulture, forestry, aquaculture, industry and tourism – relies on healthy soil and water, as does our way of life. Being able to grow our own vegetables, go walking, cycling, boating and fishing means sharing and looking after the resources that nature has provided. Every five to seven years the Marlborough District Council produces an integrated State of the Environment Report - a comprehensive health check of what’s happening to our land, air, freshwater and sea. This 2015 report is a treasure trove of information for anyone wanting to find out more about where we live, whether it’s for buying a property, running a business or looking for the cleanest Ward Beach swimming spot. central government, and the quality of their decision- State of the Environment monitoring is required under making depends on robust research and monitoring. the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) to help the Council identify conditions and trends and make THE MARLBOROUGH ENVIRONMENT planning decisions to share and sustainably manage PLAN our natural resources. The information is gathered through regular monitoring programmes, research The Council has been reviewing Marlborough’s projects and compliance checks on resource Resource Management Plans – these are the consents and permitted activities. documents that set out objectives, policies and rules to manage how we use and protect our environment. Sustainable management is at the heart of the RMA and there is growing community concern about the The 1995 Regional Policy Statement and two regional need to find a balance between economic activity resource management plans are being merged into and development and protecting the environment for a single Marlborough Environment Plan to give a future generations. That balance is in the joint hands clear direction on resource management issues and of the Council as the community’s representative and create a more user-friendly plan. The Marlborough Environment Plan is due to be released for public CONTACT US submissions in early 2016. The State of the Environment Report and The information in this State of the Environment annual updates are on the Council’s website report plays an important part in that planning and staff are happy to help with any queries or process. It brings together monitoring and research requests for information. from the past to help make good decisions for the future. It will also help inform those wanting Phone: 03 520 7400 to participate in the consultation process for the Email: [email protected] Marlborough Environment Plan. PAGE 5 How the report is organised N This 2015 State of the Environment report aims to ↑ provide high quality, easily understood information that is accessible to everyone. After this Introduction, the report has six chapters: • Setting the Scene • Freshwater • Infrastructure • Land Marlborough Sounds • Atmosphere • Coast Most chapters follow the Pressure, Response and Havelock Picton State model used around the world for environmental reporting. This focuses on what the stresses are, what Blenheim is being done about them, and what the results are. Wairau Valley In addition, snapshots are presented of the changes since the 2008 State of the Environment Report. Seddon These are presented as summaries, with pointers at the end of each section for those wanting more in- depth or technical information. Molesworth Data collected as part of the Marlborough District Council's monitoring programmes is not just used Legend locally to manage our environment but adds to District boundaryBoundary a national picture of New Zealand’s state of the environment. In order to manage the consistency Figure 1. Marlborough Region of data and provide the public with readily available information, the Land Air Water Aotearoa website www.LAWA.org.nz has been established. The website is managed by councils across the country with the assistance of the Ministry for the Environment and aims to provide environmental data and information to the public in an easy to understand format. Diverse land use, Awatere Valley PAGE 6 SETTING THE SCENE Marlborough is a special place to live, work and play and that is underpinned by our diverse landscape and environment. Within our region we have the coastal playground of Our environment is not just about physical resources; the Marlborough Sounds, which also support much of it includes people and communities and having the New Zealand’s aquaculture industry. ability to enjoy the nature around us. We have a world-renowned wine region, famous for There’s been a growing awareness in recent years exporting sauvignon blanc and bringing in tourists. about the importance of sustainable management of our environment: the balancing act between using and We have valleys, hills and high country for sheep, beef protecting our natural resources. and forestry and irrigated plains for dairy farming. While there may be many interpretations of We have plenty of space – more than a million what is "sustainable," there is an increasing hectares (ha) – for these industries, as well as understanding that we are caretakers, not owners, recreational walking, cycling, hunting, boating, fishing, of the environment. Tangata whenua iwi call this camping and tramping. kaitiakitanga. Tramping, Mt Richmond Forest Park PAGE 7 guardianship, care, wise management and seeking OUR PEOPLE action when a resource is under stress, such as a loss TANGATA of shellfish in a traditional gathering area.