“√»÷°…“§“√'‚Õ‰∑ªá¢ Õß≈'ß‰Õâ‡ß'è¬– (Macaca Assamensis) ¥Â

π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫

°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√¬âÕ¡ ’·∫∫∏√√¡¥“

Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß1 —¡¿“…≥å §ÿ≥ ÿ¢2 «‘«√√∏πå ·°àπ “3 ·≈– ‡√◊Õß«‘∑¬å ∫√√®ß√—µπå 4

Abstract Tanomtong, A.1, Khunsook, S.1, Kaensa, W.1 and Bunjongrat, R.2 A study on karyotype of Assam Macaque, Macaca assamensis (Primate, Cercopithecidae) by using conventional staining method Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(6) : 1199-1208

This research was the first karyotypic study of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis). Blood samples were taken from two males and two females kept in Nakhon Ratchasima Zoo and Songkhla Zoo. After the standard whole blood lymphocyte culture at 37ºC for 72 hr. in presence of Colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. Conventional Giemsa's staining were applied to stain the chromosome. The results showed that the number of diploid chromosome of Assam macaque was 2n = 42, the fundamental number (NF) was 83 in male and 84 in female. The type of autosomes were 6 large

1Genetics Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 2Genetics Program, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phaya Thai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 1«∑.¡.(æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å 2Ph.D.(Molecular genetics) 3π—°»÷°…“ª√‘≠≠“‚∑ “¢“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å ¿“§«‘™“™’«‘∑¬“ §≥– «‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 4«∑.¡.(æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å) ºŸâ™à«¬»“ µ√“®“√¬å “¢“æ—π∏ÿ- »“ µ√å ¿“§«‘™“æƒ°…»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ®ÿÃ“≈ß°√≥å¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ æ≠“‰∑ °√ÿß‡∑æœ 10400 Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] √—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 10 ¡°√“§¡ 2548 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 25 æƒ…¿“§¡ 2548 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Study on karyotype of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1200 Tanomtong, A., et al.

metacentric, 8 large submetacentric, 4 medium metacentric, 12 medium submetacentric, 8 small metacentric and 2 small submetacentric chromosomes. In addition, a pair of the short arm of chromosome 13 showed clearly observable satellite chromosome. X-chromosome was the medium submetacentric and Y chromosome was the smallest telocentric chromosome. The karyotype formula for the male Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) is as follows : m sm m sm m sm 2n (42) = L6 +L8 +M4 +M12 +S8 +S2 +X+Y m sm m sm m sm t =L6 +L8 +M4 +M13 +S8 +S2 +S1 The karyotype formula for the female Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) is as follows : m sm m sm m sm 2n (42) = L6 +L8 +M4 +M12 +S8 +S2 +X+X m sm m sm m sm =L6 +L8 +M4 +M14 +S8 +S2 Key words : cytogenetics, chromosome, Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis)

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß —¡¿“…≥å §ÿ≥ ÿ¢ «‘«√√∏πå ·°àπ “ ·≈– ‡√◊Õß«‘∑¬å ∫√√®ß√—µπå °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√¬âÕ¡ ’·∫∫∏√√¡¥“ «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(6) : 1199-1208

‡ªìπ√“¬ß“π§√—Èß·√°¢Õß°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– „™âµ—«Õ¬à“ß —µ«å‡æ»ºŸâ 2 µ—« ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ 2 µ—« ®“° «π —µ«åπ§√√“™ ’¡“·≈– «π —µ«å ß¢≈“ ‡µ√’¬¡‚§√‚¡‚´¡¥â«¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 37 oC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 72 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§‚§≈™‘´‘π-‰Œ‚ª‚∑π‘§-øî°‡´™—Ëπ-·Õ√å¥“√å¬Õ‘ß ¬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’®‘¡´à“ º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n (diploid) ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 ·∑àß ¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π‡∑à“°—∫ 83 „π‡æ»ºŸâ ·≈– 84 „π‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 6 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à 8 ·∑àß ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 4 ·∑àß ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß 12 ·∑àß ‡¡∑“- ‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 8 ·∑àß ·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á° 2 ·∑àß ∫π·¢π¢â“ß —Èπ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 13 ®—¥‡ªìπ satellite chromosome ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡∑‚≈‡´π- ∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¡’ Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»ºŸâ §◊Õ 2n (42) = L m+L sm+M m+M sm+S m+S sm+X+Y 6 8 4 12 8 2 À√◊Õ = L m+L sm+M m+M sm+S m+S sm+S t 6 8 4 13 8 2 1 Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»‡¡’¬ §◊Õ 2n (42) = L m+L sm+M m+M sm+S m+S sm+X+X 6 8 4 12 8 2 À√◊Õ = L m+L sm+M m+M sm+S m+S sm 6 8 4 14 8 2

—µ«å„πÕ—π¥—∫ (order) ‰æ√‡¡∑ (primate) ¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ assamensis McClelland, 1839) ≈‘ß· ¡ (Long-tailed 13 «ß»å (family) 60 °ÿ≈ (genus) ·≈– 232 ™π‘¥ macaque, Macaca fascicularis Raffles, 1821) (species) (Wilson and Cole, 2000) „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬æ∫ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ (Rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta —µ«å„πÕ—π¥—∫‰æ√‡¡∑ 3 «ß»å 5 °ÿ≈ ·≈– 13 ™π‘¥ ‡ªìπ Zimmermann, 1780) ·≈–≈‘ß°—ß (Pigtail macaque, ≈‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π °ÿ≈ Macaca 5 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß‡ π (Stump- Macaca nemestrina Linnaeus, 1766) («√‡√π, 2524; tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides Geoffroy, 1831) Lekagul and McNeely, 1977, 1988) ≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–À√◊Õ«Õ°¿Ÿ‡¢“ (Assam macaque, Macaca ≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–®—¥Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‰¥â¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1201 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

Kingdom : Animalia »÷°…“„π —µ«å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬‡¥’¬«°—π ∑’Ë‡ªìπ —µ«å∑’Ëæ∫‰¥â„π Phylum : Chrodata ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß‡ π ≈‘ß· ¡ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ ·≈– Class : Mammal ≈‘ß°—ß ¥—ß√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Chiarelli (1962), Napier Order : Primate ·≈– Napier (1976), Small ·≈– Stanyon (1985), Brown Family : Cercopithecidae ·≈–§≥– (1986), Hirai ·≈–§≥– (1991) (Table 1) Subfamily : Cercopithecinae Genus : Macaca Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√ Species : Macaca assamesis ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– ‰¥â·°à ¡’À“ß¬“«§√÷Ëß µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡≈◊Õ¥∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“‰¥â®“°≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»ºŸâ Àπ÷Ëß¢Õß§«“¡¬“«À—«·≈–≈”µ—« √Ÿª√à“ß§≈â“¬≈‘ß«Õ° ≈”µ—« 2 µ—« ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬ 2 µ—« ∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ßÕ¬Ÿà„π «π —µ«åπ§√√“™ ’¡“ ¡’ ’‡À≈◊ÕßÕ¡‡∑“®π∂÷ßπÈ”µ“≈‡¢â¡ ¡’°âπ·≈–À“ß ’πÈ”µ“≈ ®—ßÀ«—¥π§√√“™ ’¡“ ·≈– «π —µ«å ß¢≈“ ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ À√◊Õ ’‡∑“ Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„πªÉ“¥‘∫‡¢“√–¥—∫µË” §«“¡ Ÿßª√–¡“≥ ∑”°“√‡®“–‡°Á∫‡≈◊Õ¥‚¥¬„™â‡∑§π‘§ª√“»®“°‡™◊ÈÕ (aseptic 500 ‡¡µ√ ®“°√–¥—∫πÈ”∑–‡≈ ·µà°Áæ∫‰¥â∫àÕ¬∫π¿Ÿ‡¢“ Ÿß technique) ®“°À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥¥”∫√‘‡«≥≈”§Õ (jugular vein) Õ“À“√∑’Ë°‘π ‰¥â·°à º≈‰¡â ·¡≈ß —µ«å‡≈◊ÈÕ¬§≈“π¢π“¥ ‡°Á∫„πÀ≈Õ¥ ÿ≠≠“°“» (vacuum tube) ¢π“¥ 10 ¡≈. ‡≈Á° ·≈–¬Õ¥ÕàÕπµâπ‰¡â («√‡√π, 2524; Lekagul and ∑’Ë∫√√®ÿ “√ heparin ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√·¢Áßµ—«¢Õß‡≈◊Õ¥ McNeely, 1977, 1988) ·≈â«∑”°“√·™à„π°√–µ‘°πÈ”·¢Áßµ≈Õ¥°“√‡¥‘π∑“ß®π∂÷ßÀâÕß ®“°°“√µ√«® Õ∫‡Õ° “√ß“π«‘®—¬ æ∫«à“¬—ß‰¡à¡’ ªØ‘∫—µ‘°“√ °“√¥”‡π‘π°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 à«π √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– ·µàæ∫«à“¡’°“√ §◊Õ

Table 1. Karyotypic studies of animals species in the subfamily Cercopithecinae (Primate, Cercopithecidae).

Species 2n NF m sm X Y Reference Stump-tailed macaque 42 84 in male 18 22 sm(-) sm(-) Brown et al. (1986) (Macaca arctoides) and female 42 - 12 28 sm(-) sm(-) Chiarelli (1962) Long-tailed macaque 42 84 in male 18 22 m(-) t(-) Brown et al. (1986) (Macaca fascicularis) and female 42 84 in male 18 22 m(M) t(S) Hirai et al. (1991) and female Rhesus monkey 42 84 in male 18 22 m(-) m(-) Brown et al. (1986) (Macaca mulatta) and female 42 84 in male 18 22 m(M) m(S) Napier and Napier (1976) and female 42 84 in male 18 22 m(M) m(S) Small and Stanyon (1985) and female Pigtail macaque 42 84 in male 18 22 sm(-) t(-) Brown et al. (1986) (Macaca nemestrina) and female

2n = diploid number NF = fundamental number m = metacentric sm = submetacentric t = telocentric X = X-chromosome Y = Y-chromosome M = medium chromosome S = small chromosome Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Study on karyotype of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1202 Tanomtong, A., et al.

1. °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡´≈≈å ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ ∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ ∑”°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«™π‘¥ T- à«ππÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å¥â“π∫π∑‘Èß lymphocyte ∑’Ë¥—¥·ª≈ß¡“®“°«‘∏’°“√„π¡πÿ…¬å¢Õß Õ¡√“ 5) ∑”´È”„π¢âÕ 4 Õ’° ‚¥¬§àÕ¬Ê ≈¥ª√‘¡“µ√ (2540) ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«®“°‡≈◊Õ¥ πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’Ë„™â·µà≈–§√—Èß≈ß ®”π«π§√—Èß¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ (whole blood microculture) §«“¡„ ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬ ∑”´È”®π‰¥â “√≈–≈“¬∑’Ë„ ·≈–¡’ 1.1 °“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å µ–°Õπ‡´≈≈å∑’Ë°âπÀ≈Õ¥ ∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ “√≈–≈“¬¥â“π∫π∑‘Èß 1) ‡µ√’¬¡Õ“À“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“« ®π‡°◊Õ∫À¡¥ ·≈â«∑”°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å≈ß‰ªÕ’° 1 ™π‘¥ RPMI 1640 ∑’Ë¡’ “√°√–µÿâπ°“√·∫àß‡´≈≈å (mitogen) ¡≈. ∑”°“√º ¡„Àâ‡¢â“°—π §◊Õ PHA (Phytohemagglutinin) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 2% π” 6) „™â micropipette ¥Ÿ¥ “√≈–≈“¬µ–°Õπ stock Õ“À“√·∫àß≈ß„π¢«¥Õ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«¢«¥ ‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«ª√‘¡“µ√ 20 ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√ ≈ß∫π ‰≈¥å∑’Ë ≈– 5 ¡≈. –Õ“¥·≈–‡¬Áπ®—¥ ∑”°“√º÷Ëß ‰≈¥å„Àâ·Àâß (air dry tech- 2) π”‡≈◊Õ¥≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–®”π«π 0.5 ¡≈. À¬¥ nique) ≈ß„π¢«¥‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ‡¢¬à“„Àâ “√≈–≈“¬·≈–‡≈◊Õ¥‡¢â“°—π 7) ¬âÕ¡ ’‚§√‚¡‚´¡·∫∫∏√√¡¥“ (convent- ªî¥Ω“¢«¥À≈«¡Ê π”‰ª∫à¡„πµŸâ∫à¡ (incubator) ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ional staining) ¥â«¬ ’ Giemsa's 10% ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 15 π“∑’ 37ºC ∑’Ë¡’§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å 5% ·≈–∑”°“√‡¢¬à“‡≈◊Õ¥ ∑”°“√≈â“ß ’ÕÕ°¥â«¬πÈ”ª√–ª“ º÷Ëß ‰≈¥å„Àâ·Àâß ·≈â«π”‰ª ∑ÿ°‡™â“·≈–∑ÿ°‡¬Áπ »÷°…“µàÕ¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫„™â· ß™π‘¥∂à“¬√Ÿª‰¥â 3) ‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫‡«≈“‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å§◊Õ ™—Ë«‚¡ß∑’Ë 72 ∑”°“√À¬¥ “√≈–≈“¬ Colchicine ‡¢¬à“‡∫“Ê „Àâ‡¢â“ 2. °“√µ√«® Õ∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡ °—π ·≈â«π”‰ª∫à¡„πµŸâ∫à¡µàÕÕ’° 30 π“∑’ ∑”°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°‡´≈≈å∑’Ë¡’°“√·∫àß‡´≈≈å√–¬–‡¡∑“‡ø 1.2 °“√‡°Á∫‡°’Ë¬«‡´≈≈å (metaphase) ∑’Ë¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¡à —ÈπÀ√◊Õ¬“«‡°‘π‰ª ·≈– 1) ∑”°“√¬â“¬ “√≈–≈“¬‡≈◊Õ¥®“°¢«¥‡æ“– ¡’°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¡à´âÕπ∑—∫°—π ∂à“¬¿“æ ‡≈’È¬ß‡≈◊Õ¥≈ß„πÀ≈Õ¥ªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß (graduated centrifuge) ‚§√‚¡‚´¡≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈– 20 ‡´≈≈å ¢π“¥ 12 ¡≈. π”¡“ªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ π”¿“æ¡“¢¬“¬∑’Ë 3,800 ‡∑à“ »÷°…“‚§√‚¡‚´¡µ“¡·∫∫ ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ ·≈â«∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ à«π„ (supernatant) ∑‘Èß ¢Õß °—π¬“√—µπå (2532) ‚¥¬„™â‡«Õ√å‡π’¬√å«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß 2) ∑”„Àâ‡´≈≈åæÕßµ—«‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë‚§√‚¡‚´¡®–¡’ ·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß¬“« (length long, Ll) ¢â“ß —Èπ (length °“√°√–®“¬µ—«¥’ ‚¥¬∑”°“√À¬¥ 0.075 M KCl ∑’Ë‡ªìπ short, Ls) ∑”°“√§”π«≥À“§à“§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ hypotonic solution ®”π«π 10 ¡≈. ≈ß„πµ–°Õπ‡´≈≈å ·µà≈–·∑àß (length total, LT) §à“ relative length (RL) ∑”°“√º ¡„Àâ‡¢â“°—π¥â«¬ vortex mixture ·≈â«∫à¡µàÕ‰ª ·≈–§à“ centromeric index (CI) ·≈â«π”§à“ Ll, Ls, LT, Õ’° 30 π“∑’ RL ·≈– CI ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑—Èß 20 ‡´≈≈å ¡“À“§à“‡©≈’Ë¬ 3) ‡¡◊ËÕ§√∫°”Àπ¥∑”°“√·¬°‡Õ“ KCl ÕÕ° (mean) π”§à“ RL ·≈– CI ¡“À“§à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π ‚¥¬π”‰ªªíòπ‡À«’Ë¬ß∑’Ë 1,200 √Õ∫/π“∑’ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ (standard deviation, SD) ·≈â«∑”°“√¥Ÿ¥ à«π„ ∑‘Èß §à“§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß (LT) 4) ∑”°“√µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å (fix) ‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”¬“ = §«“¡¬“«·¢π¢â“ß¬“« (Ll) + ·¢π¢â“ß —Èπ (Ls) µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’Ë·™à‡¬Áπ·≈–‡µ√’¬¡„À¡à‡ ¡Õ (fresh cold fixa- §à“ relative length (RL) tive) ∑’Ë¡’Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß methanol : glacial acetic acid = LT/§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑ÿ°§Ÿà (ΣLT) x 100 ‡ªìπ 3 : 1 „™âÀ≈Õ¥À¬¥ À¬¥πÈ”¬“µ√÷ß‡´≈≈å∑’≈–À¬¥ §à“ centromeric index (CI) æ√âÕ¡°—∫º ¡‡´≈≈å„Àâ‡¢â“°—∫ “√≈–≈“¬¥â«¬ vortex = Ll /LT mixture ‡µ‘¡®π‰¥âª√‘¡“µ√ª√–¡“≥ 8 ¡≈. π”‰ªªíòπ °“√®—∫§Ÿà¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡¬÷¥À≈—° ¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1203 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

1. ∑”°“√®—∫§Ÿà¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‚¥¬¥Ÿ®“°§«“¡¬“« √à“ß°“¬ 40 ·∑àß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ» 2 ·∑àß Hirai ·≈– ·≈–µ”·Àπàß¢Õß‡´π‚∑√‡¡’¬√å (centromere) ´÷Ëß¡’§à“„°≈â §≥– (1991) √“¬ß“π«à“≈‘ß· ¡¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡§’¬ß°—π °”Àπ¥À¡“¬‡≈¢‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 ·∑àß ·≈– Napier ·≈– Napier (1976), Small 2. «—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–·∑àß®“°¿“æ ·≈– Stanyon (1985) √“¬ß“π«à“≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“¡’®”π«π ∂à“¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 ·∑àß ≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’®”π«π 3. °”Àπ¥™π‘¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡®“°§à“ CI ¥—ßµàÕ‰ª ‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π (fundamentatal number, NF) ‡∑à“°—∫ π’È 83 „π‡æ»ºŸâ·≈– 84 „π‡æ»‡¡’¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ §à“ CI ™π‘¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ °—∫≈‘ß· ¡ æ∫«à“ ¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡æ◊Èπ∞“π∑’Ë‡∑à“°—π 0.500-0.599 ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° (Hirai et al., 1991) 0.600-0.699 ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ 2 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ ™π‘¥ 0.700-0.899 Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° (18 ·∑àß) ·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° (22 ·∑àß) 0.900-1.000 ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑ÿ°¢π“¥ („À≠à °≈“ß ·≈–‡≈Á°) 4. °”Àπ¥¢π“¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‚¥¬°”Àπ¥„Àâ ‚¥¬¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à °≈“ß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 ‡ªìπ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà„À≠à ÿ¥ (large, L) ·≈–‡≈Á° ‡∑à“°—∫ 6-4-8 ·∑àß µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“- ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥°≈“ß (medium, M) §◊Õ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’ ‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à °≈“ß ·≈–‡≈Á° ‡∑à“°—∫ 8-12-2 ·∑àß §«“¡¬“«πâÕ¬°«à“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¢Õß§«“¡¬“«‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫≈‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π °ÿ≈ §Ÿà„À≠à ÿ¥√«¡°—∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà‡≈Á° ÿ¥ ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥ Macaca æ∫«à“ ≈‘ß‡ π«à“¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“- ‡≈Á° (small, S) §◊Õ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¡’§à“§«“¡¬“«πâÕ¬°«à“ ‡´π∑√‘° 14 ·∑àß ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 26 ·∑àß ”À√—∫ §√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¢Õß§«“¡¬“«‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë„À≠à ÿ¥ ≈‘ß· ¡ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ ·≈–≈‘ß°—ß ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥„À≠à (L) = ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 18 ·∑àß ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 22 ·∑àß ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥°≈“ß (M) < (LT ‡©≈’Ë¬§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 + LT ‡©≈’Ë¬ (Brown et al., 1986) Hirai ·≈–§≥– (1991) »÷°…“ §Ÿà ÿ¥∑â“¬) / 2 æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å‡´≈≈å¢Õß≈‘ß· ¡ æ∫«à“¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢π“¥‡≈Á° (S) < LT ‡©≈’Ë¬§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 / 2 ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 18 ·∑àß ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° 22 ·∑àß ·≈– Napier ·≈– Napier (1976), Small ·≈– Stanyon º≈·≈–«‘®“√≥å°“√∑¥≈Õß (1985) »÷°…“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å‡´≈≈å¢Õß≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ æ∫«à“ ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡ √à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°®”π«π 18 ·∑àß ‡ªìπ√“¬ß“π§√—Èß·√°¢Õß°“√»÷°…“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å‡´≈≈å ·≈–™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°®”π«π 22 ·∑àß Õ‘¥‘‚Õ·°√¡ ¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– ¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß‡´≈≈å‡¡Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥¢“«·≈– (idiogram) ¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß°“√≈¥¢π“¥ ¬âÕ¡ ’·∫∫∏√√¡¥“ æ∫«à“≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬≈ß‰ªµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®“°¢π“¥„À≠à‰ª 2n (diploid) ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 ·∑àß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¢π“¥‡≈Á° (Figure 3) √à“ß°“¬ 40 ·∑àß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡æ» 2 ·∑àß (Figure 1 ≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° and 2) ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫≈‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ ¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° Cercopithecinae æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë‡∑à“°—π ¥—ß ¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫≈‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π √“¬ß“π¢Õß Brown ·≈–§≥– (1986) ∑’Ëæ∫«à“≈‘ß °ÿ≈ °ÿ≈ Macaca æ∫«à“≈‘ß‡ π ≈‘ß· ¡ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ ·≈– Macaca 6 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß‡ π ≈‘ß· ¡ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ ≈‘ß°—ß ¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ‡¡∑“- ≈‘ß°—ß ≈‘ß Celebes crested ≈‘ß Bonnet ·≈–≈‘ß °ÿ≈ ‡´π∑√‘° ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° µ“¡≈”¥—∫ Cercocebus 1 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ ≈‘ß Mangabey ¡’®”π«π ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° ‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 2n ‡∑à“°—∫ 42 ·∑àß ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ´÷Ëß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Study on karyotype of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1204 Tanomtong, A., et al.

Figure 1. Metaphase chromosome and karyotype of male Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) 2n (diploid) = 42, by using conventional staining method.

«“¬¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá (Brown et al., 1986) «à“≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° Hirai ·≈–§≥– (1991) √“¬ß“π«à“≈‘ß· ¡¡’‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥°≈“ß ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡ ¢π“¥‡≈Á°∑’Ë ÿ¥ «“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥‡≈Á°∑’Ë ÿ¥ Napier ·≈– ®“°√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¬—ß· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡ Napier (1976), Small ·≈– Stanyon (1985) √“¬ß“π ‡æ»¢Õß≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca ¡’§«“¡·ª√º—π∑—Èß√Ÿª√à“ß·≈– «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1205 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

Figure 2. Metaphase chromosome and karyotype of female Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) 2n (diploid) = 42, by using conventional staining method.

¢π“¥∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π ‚¥¬‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¡∑“- ≈‘ß°—ß ≈‘ß Celebes crested ·≈–≈‘ß Bonnet ¡’§«“¡ ‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ™π‘¥ ·ª√º—π¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡ÕÁ°´å ·≈–‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬ Napier ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ´—∫‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘° ·≈–‡∑‚≈‡´π∑√‘° ¥—ß ·≈– Napier (1976) æ∫«à“ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬¢Õß≈‘ß °ÿ≈ √“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Brown ·≈–§≥– (1986) ´÷Ëßæ∫ Macaca ¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° ·≈–¡’√Ÿª√à“ß·µ°µà“ß°—π ∫“ß «à“≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca ‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß‡ π ≈‘ß· ¡ ≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ §√—Èß‰¡à “¡“√∂∫Õ°µ”·Àπàß¢Õß‡´π‚∑√‡¡’¬√å ·≈–®”·π° Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Study on karyotype of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1206 Tanomtong, A., et al.

Figure 3. Idiogram of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) 2n (diploid) = 42, Chromosome pair 13 show satellite chromosome.

™π‘¥¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¥â™—¥‡®π Hirai ·≈–§≥– (1991) ‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬™π‘¥‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°§Ÿà∑’Ë 13 ‡æ’¬ß§Ÿà‡¥’¬« ‡¡◊ËÕ æ∫«à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬¢Õß≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca ¡’§«“¡·ª√º—π ∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫≈‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π«ß»å¬àÕ¬ Cercopithecinae ∑—Èß¢π“¥·≈–√Ÿª√à“ß ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â„π≈‘ß«Õ°∏√√¡¥“ ≈‘ß°—ß æ∫«à“ Brown ·≈–§≥– (1986) √“¬ß“π«à“≈‘ß°—ß ≈‘ß«Õ° ≈‘ß Japanese ·≈–≈‘ß Taiwan (M. cyclopis) Stanyon ∏√√¡¥“ ≈‘ß· ¡ ·≈–≈‘ß‡ π ≈‘ß Celebes crested ≈‘ß (1983) √“¬ß“πæ∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß„π°“√µ‘¥·∂∫ ’´’ (C- Bonnet ·≈–≈‘ß Mangabey æ∫ NORs ∫π·¢π¢â“ß —Èπ band) ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬„π≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca ·≈–≈‘ß °ÿ≈ ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬§Ÿà∑’Ë 9 ‡æ’¬ß§Ÿà‡¥’¬« ”À√—∫§Ÿà NORs Cercocebus ‰¥â·°à ≈‘ß Japanese ·≈–≈‘ß Cercocebus ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°«‘∏’°“√®—¥§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá aterrimus πÕ°®“°π’È Makino ·≈– Takagi (1965) ·≈–«‘∏’°“√«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ √“¬ß“π¢Õß Jones »÷°…“§«“¡·ª√º—π¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬„π¡πÿ…¬å æ∫«à“‡ªìπ ·≈–§≥– (1994) æ∫«à“ ≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca ≈‘ß∫“∫Ÿπ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡™π‘¥Õ–‚§√‡´π∑√‘° ∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥§«“¡¬“«º—π·ª√ (baboon) ·≈–™–π’ ¡’ NORs ∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡√à“ß°“¬ 1 §Ÿà „π·µà≈–∫ÿ§§≈ √“¬ß“π¢Õß Stanyon (1983) æ∫ NORs Õ¬Ÿà∫π·¢π „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È æ∫‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬ ¢â“ß —Èπ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ 1 §Ÿà §◊Õ §Ÿà∑’Ë 13 „π≈‘ß Japanese (chromosome marker) ¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– §◊Õ ¡’ nucleolar ≈‘ß Cercocebus aterrimus ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ≈‘ß„π«ß»å‡¥’¬«°—π organizer region (NORs) Õ¬Ÿà∫π·¢π¢â“ß —Èπ¢Õß‚§√- ·µà¡’¢π“¥¢Õß NORs ·µ°µà“ß°—π ‡¡◊ËÕµ√«®¥Ÿ‡´≈≈å√–¬– «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. °“√»÷°…“§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– (Macaca assamensis) ªï∑’Ë 27 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.¬. - ∏.§. 2548 1207 Õ≈ß°≈¥ ·∑πÕÕ¡∑Õß ·≈–§≥–

‡¡∑“‡ø ¢Õß≈‘ß °ÿ≈ Macaca „πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®– —ß‡°µ —Èπ (Ls) §«“¡¬“«¢Õß·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß¬“« (Ll) §«“¡ ‡ÀÁπ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬§◊Õ ‚§√‚¡‚´¡§Ÿà∑’Ë 1 ‡ªìπ™π‘¥ ¬“«¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡·µà≈–§Ÿà (LT) §à“ relative length (RL) ‡¡∑“‡´π∑√‘°¢π“¥„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥‡ÀÁπ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß‡¥àπ™—¥ πÕ°®“° §à“ centromeric index (CI) §à“‡∫’Ë¬ß‡∫π¡“µ√∞“π (SD) π’È‚§√‚¡‚´¡«“¬‡ªìπ‚§√‚¡‚´¡‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ¢Õß§à“ RL ·≈– CI ·≈–∑”°“√°”Àπ¥¢π“¥·≈–™π‘¥ ®”·π°™π‘¥¢Õß≈‘ß„π °ÿ≈ Macaca ÕÕ°®“°°—π‰¥â Õ¥ ¢Õß‚§√‚¡‚´¡ (Table 2) §≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π»÷°…“¢Õß Napier ·≈– Napier (1976), Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªá≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»ºŸâ §◊Õ m sm m sm m sm Small ·≈– Stanyon (1985), Brown ·≈–§≥– (1986), 2n (42) = L6 +L8 +M4 +M12 +S8 +S2 +X+Y m sm m sm m sm t Hiria ·≈–§≥– (1991) À√◊Õ =L6 +L8 +M4 +M13 +S8 +S2 +S1 ®“°°“√π”‡´≈≈å∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¬–‡¡∑“‡ø ¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬– Ÿµ√§“√‘‚Õ‰∑ªáÕ’≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–‡æ»‡¡’¬ §◊Õ m sm m sm m sm ‡æ»ºŸâ·≈–‡æ»‡¡’¬Õ¬à“ß≈– 20 ‡´≈≈å ¡“∑”°“√«—¥¢π“¥¢Õß 2n (44) = L6 +L8 +M4 +M12 +S8 +S2 +X+X m sm m sm m sm ‚§√‚¡‚´¡∑’Ë¢π“¥°”≈—ß¢¬“¬ 3,800 ‡∑à“ æ∫«à“‚§√‚¡‚´¡ À√◊Õ =L6 +L8 +M4 +M14 +S8 +S2 ¢Õß≈‘ß‰Õâ‡ß’È¬–¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡¬“«¢Õß·¢π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢â“ß

Table 2. Mean of length short arm chromosome (Ls), length long arm chromosome, length total arm chromosome (LT), relative length (RL), centromeric index (CI) and standard deviation (SD) of RL, CI from metaphase chromosome 20 cells in male and female Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) 2n (diploid) = 42.

Chromosome Ls Ll LT RL ± SD CI ± SD Size of Type of Pair Chromosome Chromosome 1 0.808 1.167 1.976 7.48±0.007 0.591±0.029 L m 2 0.608 1.098 1.705 6.45±0.007 0.644±0.026 L sm 3 0.584 1.023 1.607 6.08±0.007 0.637±0.015 L sm 4 0.706 0.882 1.588 6.01±0.004 0.555±0.013 L m 5 0.501 1.055 1.556 5.89±0.004 0.678±0.030 L sm 6 0.527 0.969 1.495 5.66±0.003 0.648±0.023 L sm 7 0.592 0.883 1.474 5.58±0.004 0.599±0.034 L m 8 0.513 0.819 1.332 5.04±0.007 0.615±0.026 M sm 9 0.487 0.816 1.303 4.93±0.006 0.626±0.031 M sm 10 0.423 0.871 1.294 4.89±0.006 0.673±0.025 M sm 11 0.414 0.815 1.229 4.65±0.003 0.663±0.018 M sm 12 0.528 0.589 1.118 4.23±0.005 0.527±0.028 M m 13 0.535 0.575 1.110 4.20±0.004 0.518±0.022 M m 14 0.346 0.756 1.103 4.17±0.005 0.686±0.027 M sm 15 0.323 0.748 1.071 4.05±0.006 0.699±0.014 M sm 16 0.435 0.474 0.908 3.43±0.004 0.522±0.023 S m 17 0.323 0.559 0.883 3.34±0.004 0.634±0.019 S sm 18 0.353 0.378 0.731 2.76±0.005 0.518±0.021 S m 19 0.343 0.358 0.702 2.65±0.007 0.511±0.028 S m 20 0.299 0.397 0.695 2.63±0.005 0.570±0.016 S m X 0.519 0.786 1.305 4.94±0.004 0.602±0.025 M sm Y 0.000 0.224 0.224 0.84±0.007 1.000±0.033 S t

L = large chromosome, M = medium chromosome, S = small chromosome, m = metacentric, sm = submetacentric, t = telocentric Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Study on karyotype of Assam macaque (Macaca assamensis) Vol.27 No.6 Nov. - Dec. 2005 1208 Tanomtong, A., et al.

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