MIND MAP
ABDOMEN PELVIS PERINEUM
Dr.Ahmed Kamal Large intestine
[email protected] Abdomen Pelvis Perineum . Cecum . Sigmoid colon . Anal canal . Appendix =(Sigmoid pelvis) . Ascending colon . Rectum . Transverse colon . Descending colon
(NOT FOUND IN RECTUM & ANAL CANAL)
1)Taeniae coli (3) longitudinal muscle bands. (Smooth muscles can be seen by naked eyes)
2)Sacculations Because the Taeniae coli are shorter than large intestine. (Haustra) 3)Epiploic Short peritoneal folds filled with fat. Appendices PARTS WITH MESENTERY RETROPERITONEAL PARTS PARTS DEVOID*OF CATS ADU PERITONEAL COVERING . Cecum . Ascending colon* . Lower 1/3 of rectum . Appendix . Descending colon . Anal canal . Transverse colon . Upper 2/3 of rectum . Sigmoid colon
*Devoid= uncovered * Ascending colon thicker than Descending > the material inside it move against gravity ANTERIOR RELATION
Anterior abdominal wall Greater omentum Coils of small intestine
POSTERIOR RELATION Ascending Descending Cecum . Right kidney . Left kidney . Psoas major . Quadratus lumborum . Quadratus lumborum . Iliacus . Iliacus . Iliacus , Psoas major Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior . Anterior abdominal wall . 2nd part of duodenum . Liver Coils of small intestine . Greater omentum . Pancreas . Gall bladder . Superior mesenteric vessels. . Stomach
Left colic flexure is higher and more acute
Hepatic flexure ( right colic flexure) Splenic flexure ( left colic flexure) Surface anatomy: the base of appendix is marked by McBurney’s point
What is McBurney’s point ?
A point at the junction of lateral 1/3 & medial 2/3 of a line traced from right anterior superior iliac spine to umbilicus.
Opening: At posteromedial aspect of cecum, 1 inch below ileo-cecal junction
Positions:
1.Retrocecal (most common) 2.Pelvic 3.Subcecal 4.Preilieal 5.Postileal ( least common)
McBurney’s point Beginning Termination as a continuation continues as anal canal of sigmoid colon at level of S3. one inch below & in front of tip of coccyx. Its end is dilated to form the rectal ampulla
NOTE : The anterior relations are different in male and female BUT the posterior are the same. male female Anterior: Anterior: 1.Seminal vesicles. 1.Posterior wall 2.Posterior surfaces of urinary bladder. of vagina 3. Prostate gland
Posterior: 1. sacrum. 2. sacral plexus 3. coccyx Origin MIDGUT HINDGUT lower 1/3 of anal (endoderm) (endoderm) canal(ectoderm ) Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, L 1/3 transverse colon, descending , R 2/3 transverse colon sigmoid colon , rectum ARTERY superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery inferior rectal
TYPE OF NERVE SUPPLY Autonomic Autonomic Somatic NERVE SUPPLY Sympathetic + Vagus Sympathetic + pelvic splanchnic nerves inferior rectal
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF The veins of the gut form the tributaries of the portal vein which enters the liver and drains into the GIT portal circulation. LYMPH DRAINAGE OF The lymph vessels follow the arteries. Ultimately, all the lymph is collected at the Preaortic lymph nodes GIT (Superior & Inferior mesenteric).
ARTERY VENOUS DRAINAGE NERVE SUPPLY LYMPH DRAINAGE MCQs
1-Which of the following In the Posterior Relations of the 6-In which one of the following regions lies McBurney’s point? cecum: A. Right iliac fossa A. Psoas major B. Hypogastrium B. Quadratus lumborum C. Right lumbar region C. Right kidney D. Umbilical region D. Left kidney 7-Which one of the following parts of large intestine is found in the pelvis? 2-Which of the following In the superior relations of the A. Transverse colon transverse colon: B. Anal canal A. coils of small intestine C. Rectum B. liver, gall bladder D. Cecum C. 2nd part of duodenum D. greater omentum, anterior abdominal wall 8-Which one of the following is the commonest site of the vermiform appendix? 3-The termination of the rectum is: A. Pelvic A. as a continuation of sigmoid colon at level of S3. B. Preileal B. continues as anal canal, one inch below & in front of tip C. Retrocecal of coccyx. D. Subcecal C. sacral plexus & coccyx 9-Which ONE of the following parts of large intestine has mesentery? 4-Which one of the following is the nerve supply of the A. Ascending colon Hindgut (endoderm): B. Descending colon A. Sympathetic + pelvic splanchnic nerves C. Rectum B. Somatic (inferior rectal) D. Sigmoid colon C. Sympathetic + Vagus 10-Which ONE of the following parts of large intestine RETROPERITONEAL ? 5-all the lymph in the GIT is collected at the: A. Cecum A. Preaortic lymph nodes (Superior & Inferior mesenteric). B. Descending colon B. Preaortic lymph nodes (anterior & Inferior mesenteric). C. Appendix C. postaortic lymph nodes D. Sigmoid colon 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.B [email protected] MCQs 1-Which ONE of the following parts of large intestine DEVOID OF PERITONEAL COVERING? 6-Which one of the following is anterior relation of RECTUM in MALE A. Anal canal PELVIS? B. Descending colon A. Urethra C. Appendix B. Vas deferens D. Sigmoid colon C. Urinary bladder 2-Which one of the following is the least common site of the D. Sacrum vermiform appendix? A. Pelvic 7- RIGHT colic flexure is higher and more acute than the LEFT? B. Postileal A. True C. Retrocecal B. False D. Subcecal 3-Which one of the following parts of large intestine is found in the 8- the parasampathatic supply of MIDGUT? ABDOMEN? A. Inferior rectal A. Sigmoid colon B. pelvic splanchnic nerves B. Anal canal C. Vagus C. Rectum D. Cecum 9- Which one of the following structures lies in the posterior relation of transverse colon?? 4-Which one of the following parts of large intestine is found in the A. Liver PERINEUM? B. Stomach A. Sigmoid colon C. Coils of small intestine B. Anal canal D. Pancreas C. Rectum D. Cecum 10-Which one of the following structures lies in the posterior relation of Descending colon? 5- at which one of the following levels rectum will begin?? A. Abdominal aorta A. S2 B. Left kidney B. S3 C. Stomach C. S4 D. pancreas D. S5 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.B [email protected] DONE BY: Kholoud Aldosari Areej Alaman Balgees Alabbad Anjod Almuhareb REVISED BY: Hassan Almalak
@anatomy433