DOCSLIB.ORG

COINOCULATION of Canavalia Ensiformis with Rhizobium and ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS in TWO SOILS from CUBA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
COINOCULATION of Canavalia Ensiformis with Rhizobium and ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS in TWO SOILS from CUBA DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27848.72963 Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 22-29 http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27848.72963 April-June ISSN print: 0258-5936 Ministry of Higher Education. Cuba ISSN online: 1819-4087 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences http://ediciones.inca.edu.cu COINOCULATION OF Canavalia ensiformis WITH Rhizobium AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS IN TWO SOILS FROM CUBA Coinoculación de Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C. con Rhizobium y Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares en dos tipos de suelos de Cuba Gloria M. Martín1), Reynerio Reyes1 and Juan F. Ramírez2 ABSTRACT. To evaluate the response of jack bean RESUMEN. Para evaluar la respuesta de la canavalia (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C.) to the coinoculation with (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C.) a la coinoculación con strains of Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizical fungus cepas de Rhizobium y de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (AMF), it was carried out an experiment under microplots (HMA), se condujo un experimento en condiciones conditions that contained Nitisol soil coming from the de microparcelas que contenían suelo Ferralítico Rojo Department of Agricultural Services of the INCA, in San Lixiviado procedente del Departamento de Servicios José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, and another soil from the Agrícolas del INCA, en San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Station of Grasses and Forages of Cascajal, Villa Clara y suelo Gley Nodular Ferruginoso procedente de la Estación (Ferruginous Nodular Gley). Four strains of Rhizobium were de Pastos y Forrajes de Cascajal, Villa Clara. Se estudiaron studied (Can 2, Can 3, Can 4 and Can 5) and two strains cuatro cepas de Rhizobium (Can 2, Can 3, Can 4 y Can 5) of AMF (Glomus cubense (INCAM 4) and Rhizophagus y tres cepas de HMA: Glomus cubense (INCAM 4) intraradices) (INCAM 11) for the Nitisol soil and Glomus y Rhizophagus intraradices (INCAM 11) para el suelo cubense and Funneliformis mosseae (INCAM 2) for the Ferralítico Rojo y Glomus cubense y Funneliformis Nodular Gley soil more the corresponding controls without mosseae (INCAM 2) para el suelo Gley Nodular más los inoculation, for a total of 15 treatments for each soil type, correspondientes testigos sin inoculación, para un total de 15 which were distributed in a totally randomized design with tratamientos por tipo de suelo, los cuales se distribuyeron en factorial arrangement (5 x 3) and three repetitions. The un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial mycorrrhizic symbiosis indicators and the yield of dry (5 x 3) y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron los indicadores del mass were evaluated. The results showed that the jack bean funcionamiento de la simbiosis micorrízica y el rendimiento responded to the coinoculation Rhizobium-AMF in both de masa seca. Los resultados mostraron que la canavalia types of soil. The best behavior in the strains of Rhizobium respondió positivamente a la coinoculación Rhizobium- was obtained with can 3 for the Nitisol soil and Can 3, Can HMA en ambos tipos de suelos. El mejor comportamiento 4 and Can 5 for Nodular Gley soil, and the best strain of de las cepas de Rhizobium se obtuvo con Can 3 para el suelo AMF were, in that order, G. cubense and F. mosseae for one Ferralítico Rojo y Can 3, Can 4 y Can 5 para suelo Gley and another soil, respectively. Nodular Ferruginoso, y las mejores cepas de HMA fueron, en ese orden, G. cubense y F. mosseae para uno y otro suelo, respectivamente. Key words: green manures, jack bean, seeds inoculation, Palabras clave: abonos verdes, canavalia, inoculación de nitrogen fixing bacteria, mycorrhizae semillas, bacteria fijadora del nitrógeno, mycorrhizae INTRODUCTION Sustainable way of incorporating nitrogen in 1 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), gaveta postal 1, San agricultural systems is the insertion into the crop José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, CP 32700. 2 Estación de Pastos y Forrajes de Cascajal. rotation, plants in symbiosis with microorganisms ) [email protected] 22 Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 22-29 April-June capable of FBN among these types of plants, Based on this, over recent years, Cuba has been legumes are used as green manure having several developing works towards the isolation of Rhizobium advantages because in addition to the substantial strains in the canavalia rhizosphere and assessing the contribution of nitrogen given by them, they are able impact of its coinoculation with AMF effective strains to recycle other nutrients and improve some physical in different soil types, to achieve further growth of the and biological soil properties (1). species and enhance their use as green manure or cover crop. In Cuban conditions, one of the types of green Taking into account the above this work was done manure that has had good results is Canavalia with the aim of evaluating the canavalia response to ensiformis (L.) D.C. capable of providing more than inoculation of four Rhizobium strains and three AMF -1 -1 150 kg ha of N until 5 t ha of dry mass, besides strains, into two soil types in Cuba. increasing sustainable yields of crops such as: corn, potato, pumpkin, taro, among others (2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic association among certain soil, fungi and An experiment was carried out in conditions higher plant roots. In them, both symbionts are of microplots, containing Ferralitic Red Leachate mutually benefited. Micorrhizae receive carbonated soil (5) from the INCA Agricultural Services sources from the plant while through fungal Department, in San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque structures, the soil exploration capacity, the nutrient Province and Ferruginous Nodular Gley soil (5) absorption growth and development in plants are from the Pastures and Forages station in Cascajal, Villa Clara increased (3). The microplots are located in areas of the In Cuba, several studies have been developed, Biofertilizers Department and Plant Nutrition, in the they allow to affirm that the soil type defines which National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA), with are efficient AMF species for a given edaphoclimatic a dimension of 0,63 wide meters by 2,55 long meters condition (high specificity AMF soil-strain), although and 0,70 height meters, They were sown during the the effectiveness achieved by inoculation depends period from July to October, 2012, which coincides with on the handling given to plant and soil. So it is the optimum period for planting canavalia as green reported that the strain Rhizophagus intraradices manure in the region (2). (INCAM 11) is the most efficient in high fertility clay The soil was taken from the surface horizon (0-20 cm) soils, Funneliformis mosseae (INCAM 2) favors the and it was moved toward the microplots. Initial colonization in low fertility acid soils and Glomus characteristics of the soil used in the experiment cubense (INCAM 4) specie is more effective in soils are shown in table. Chemical determinations were of medium to high fertility (4). performed: pH H2O potentiometer, organic matter At Rhizobium-AMF-legumes coinoculation, it is by Walkley Black, P Oniani, cations NH4Ac pH 7, reported that, symbiotic relationships provide greater Gerdemann and Nicholson AMF spore number, 1963, exchange between symbionts and superior effects modified by Herrera /et al./, 1995 (6). in plants than relations based on non-symbiotic It is used as green manure Canavalia ensiformis associations. In this case the Rhizobium-AMF- (L.) DC. A completely randomized experimental design was used and three replications in a bifactorial legumes symbiosis provides N2 and mycorrhizae increase the absorption of other elements including arrangement (5 x 3). Five levels of Rhizobium inoculation factor (four strains plus a treatment without P, that is very important to ensure adequate FBN inoculation) and three levels of mycorrhizal inoculation and plant growth (4).The Rhizobium-AMF double factor (two strains and a control without inoculation) inoculation produces higher growth, number, nodule were studied for a total of fifteen treatments for each dry weight and higher contents of P and N in the soil. plant. Some initial characteristics of cultivable soil horizon used in the experiment OM P Ca Mg K Na Number of AMF spores pH -1 -1 (%) (mg kg ) (cmol kg ) in 50 g of soil Red Ferralitic 7,31 3,93 392,13 23,94 14,83 ND ND 115 Ferruginous Nodular 4,7 2,45 1,4 4,2 1,8 0,10 0,08 69 Gley ND. Non determined OM (organic matter) 23 Cultivos Tropicales, 2015, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 22-29 April-June As mycorrhizal inoculum was used the commercial fresh mass fraction of 100 g was taken and put to dry product EcoMic® using three species Glomus cubense, in an oven at 70 °C to reach constant mass values, strain INCAM 4 (7), Funnelifomis mosseae, strain then dry mass was estimated and extrapolated at ha-1. INCAM 2 and Rhizophagus intraradices, strain INCAM For the experiment data analysis, the corresponding 11 (8): minimum guaranteed quality, 20 spores g-1 of mathematical model to experimental design was used, inoculant, non-toxic and free of pathogens product, with which we worked, checking the data normality and produced by the National Institute of Agricultural variance homogeneity. Comparison test of Duncan’s Sciences (INCA). The product contained each strain multiple range for p≤0, 05 was used to determine separately. differences between treatments. For analysis program, Four strains of Rhizobium (Can 2 Can 3 Can 4 Statgraphics plus 5.1 for Windows was used. and Can 5) from the collection of Rhizobium strains of the Physiology Laboratory in the National Institute RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of Agricultural Sciences (10) were used. Coinoculation of these fertilizers was applied at The effect results of the studied variables on the time of planting, by the coating seeds method the canavalia dry mass are appreciated in Figure 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Origin of Hawaiian Endemic Species of Canavalia (Fabaceae) from Sea-Dispersed Species Revealed by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences
    J. Jpn. Bot. 86: 15–25 (2011) Origin of Hawaiian Endemic Species of Canavalia (Fabaceae) from Sea-Dispersed Species Revealed by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences a a,† b Mohammad VATANPARAST , Koji TAKAYAMA , Mario S. SOUSA , Yoichi c a, TATEISHI and Tadashi KAJITA * aDepartment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522 JAPAN; bDepartamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 México, D. F., MÉXICO; cFaculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1, Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0129 JAPAN; †Present address: Department of Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna. Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, AUSTRIA *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Accepted on July 22, 2010) To reveal the origin of the Hawaiian endemic Canavalia species, phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences were performed. Phylogenetic analyses of 6 cpDNA regions (6386 bp) and of nrDNA ITS (708 bp) for all 6 species of the Hawaiian endemic subgenus Maunaloa together with samples from the other 3 subgenera of Canavalia suggested that subgenus Maunaloa is monophyletic and more closely related to subgenus Canavalia than to other subgenera. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple haplotypes of the nrDNA ITS suggested that the Hawaiian endemic species of Canavalia originated from a sea-dispersed species of subgenus Canavalia, possibly Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC., which is a pantropical species whose seeds are spread by sea drift. A single origin for subgenus Maunaloa might be also suggested. Key words: Canavalia, chloroplast DNA, Hawaiian Islands, nrDNA ITS, phylogeny, seed dispersal.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Rosea Click on Images to Enlarge
    Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Canavalia rosea Click on images to enlarge Family Fabaceae Scientific Name Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Candolle, A.P. de (1825) Prodromus 2: 404. Common name Flowers. Copyright Barry Jago Bean, Beach; Coastal Jack Bean; Bean, Coastal Jacl; Bean, Mackenzie; Coastal Canavalia; Canavalia, Coastal; Beach Bean; Bean, Beach; Fire Bean; Mackenzie Bean Stem A slender vine not exceeding a stem diameter of 2 cm. Leaves Middle leaflet blade about 6.3-7 x 5-6.2 cm, stalk about 2.5-3.5 cm long, grooved on the upper surface. Lateral leaflet blades about 5.5-7.4 x 3.5-4.8 cm on stalks about 0.3-0.5 cm long. Compound leaf petiole about 3.5-5.2 cm long, grooved on the upper surface. Stipules caducous. Stipels about 2.5-3 mm long. Lateral Fruits. Copyright CSIRO veins forming loops inside the blade margin. Flowers Racemes longer than the leaves. Flowers about 20-25 mm diam. at anthesis. Calyx tube about 12-14 mm long, lobes of unequal size, about 1.6-3.5 mm long. Petals: standard about 25 mm long; wings and keel about 23 mm long. Stamens 10, all filaments +/- fused to form a tube about 15-18 mm long with free filaments projecting above the tube. Free filaments about 3-6 mm long, alternately longer and shorter. Ovary elongated, densely clothed in appressed pale (whitish) hairs.
    [Show full text]
  • From Jack Bean (Canavalia Ensiformis) Leaves
    Plant Physiol. (1975) 55, 975-977 In Vitro Synthesis of Ureidohomoserine by an Enzyme from Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Leaves Received for publication December 9, 1974 and in revised form February 19, 1975 THOMAS DENNY O'NEAL Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12181 ABSTRACT Identification of the products employed the use of one- dimensional TLC on Silica Gel G An enzyme was extensively purified from jack bean leaves plates, using phenol-H2O (Canavalia (77:23, v/v) or secbutanol-16% NH,OH, (3:1, v/v) as the ensiformis L.) which produced o-ureidohomoserine solvents. Citrulline and from L-canaline and carbamyl phosphate. The most ureidohomoserine were located by highly puri- with or fied preparations catalyzed both this reaction and citrulline syn- spraying ninhydrin Ehrlich's reagent (2% w/v p-di- thesis from ornithine and and the ratio methylaminobenzaldehyde in 5% HCI). Both ureidohomo- carbamyl phosphate, of serine and the two activities remained nearly constant during purification. citrulline had approximately the same RF value When hydrated jack bean seeds were the in either solvent, and reacted with both reagents. enzyme source, orni- The thine carbamyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity was high but enzymes were assayed at 37 C for 10 min. The assay synthesis of ureidohomoserine was barely detectable. Both contained enzyme, 3 mM L-ornithine or L-canaline, 6 mM ornithine carbamyltransferase and the ureidohomoserine syn- carbamyl phosphate, 33 mm tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.8 (for thesizing enzyme had similar Km values for carbamyl phos- CCT' or pH 8.3 (for OCT) and H20 to a final volume of phate.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Oxidant, Skin Whitening, and Antibacterial Effects of Canavalia Gladiata Extracts
    Original Article Med Biol Sci Eng 2018;1(1):11-17 https://doi.org/10.30579/mbse.2018.1.1.11 pISSN 2586-5188ㆍeISSN 2586-5196 Anti-oxidant, skin whitening, and antibacterial effects of Canavalia gladiata extracts Ho Chan Kim*, Hae Gang Moon*, Yeong Cheol Jeong*, Jung Up Park, Young Ran Kim College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea Received October 25, 2017 Canavalia gladiata, a Chinese medicine known as sword bean, has been traditionally used for Revised November 13, 2017 anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. This study evaluated the pharmacologic Accepted December 1, 2017 effects of C. gladiata on anti-oxidant, skin whitening, and antibacterial activities. The 80% ethanol extracts were prepared from ripe or unripe C. gladiata. We also made activity Corresponding author comparison between ripe and unripe C. gladiata. DPPH and nitro blue tetrazolium/xanthine Young Ran Kim oxidase (XO) assays were used to evaluate the anti-oxidant activity. C. gladiata showed College of Pharmacy and Research antioxidant effect in a dose dependent manner. Next, mushroom tyrosinase activity was Institute of Drug Development, measured to evaluate the skin whitening effect. C. gladiata showed inhibitory effect on Chonnam National University, 77 tyrosinase activity in a dose dependent manner. C. gladiata extracts also inhibited XO activity. Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju In addition, the antibacterial effects were evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concen- 61186, Korea tration test and disk diffusion assay. C. gladiata showed antibacterial activity to Vibrio Tel: +82-62-530-2923 vulnificus. In conclusion, C. gladiata showed the anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, and Fax: +82-62-530-2949 antibacterial activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytotoxic Effects of Methanol Extract of Raw, Cooked and Fermented Split Beans of Canavalia on Cancer Cell Lines Mcf-7
    ISSN: 0976-3104 REGULAR ISSUE Niveditha et al. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.iioab.org RESEARCH OPEN ACCESS CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF RAW, COOKED AND FERMENTED SPLIT BEANS OF CANAVALIA ON CANCER CELL LINES MCF-7 AND HT-29 Vedavyas Ramakunja Niveditha1, Divana Krishna Venkatramana2, Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar1* 1Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574 199, Mangalore, Karnataka, INDIA 2Bhat Biotech India (P) Ltd., Bangalore 560 100, Karnataka, INDIA ABSTRACT Received on: 11th-Apr-2013 In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of methanol extract of raw, cooked and solid-substrate fermented Revised on: 8th -May -2013 (Rhizopus oligosporus) split beans of wild legumes (Canavalia cathartica and C. maritima) of coastal Accepted on: 19th -May-2013 sand dunes of the Southwest India was carried out. Cytotoxic activity (ED and cytotoxicity) of methanol 50 Published on: 9th -Sept-2013 extracts was tested by (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Differential impacts on the cancer cell lines MCF–7 and HT–29 were seen even though both plant KEY WORDS species grow in the same habitat. Methanol extract of cooked (C. maritima) and fermented (C. cathartica) split beans showed better in vitro anticancer activities compared to the raw beans. It is concluded that active principles of methanol extract of cooked and fermented Canavalia beans have potential to inhibit Cytotoxicity; Canavalia; Wild cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HT-29. Besides, it is possible to use extracts of cooked/fermented beans to legumes; Solid-substrate control colon cancer by diet management. fermentation; Rhizopus oligosporus; Cancer cell lines *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +91-824 2287 261; Fax: +91 824 2287 367 [I] INTRODUCTION Out of 7.6 million deaths worldwide, cancer is one of the prototype.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Ensiformis) for Human Consumption in Tanzania
    International Journal of Agriculture and Food Security ISSN: 0812-3497 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 039-049, March 2017. Available online at www.advancedscholarsjournals.org © Advanced Scholars Journals Full length Research paper Utilization of jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) for human consumption in Tanzania *Nakaaya Karoli, Jakaya O. Sumari and Hasheem Marealle Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Accepted 18 February, 2017. Population increase is forcing mankind to look for alternative food sources from underutilized plants. Jack bean has been earmarked as one of these food sources. The only barrier for its utilization is the presence of inherent toxic compounds that should be removed, to make it edible to humans. A number of researchers have tried various ways in an effort to reach that goal. This study has also tried to perform a number of treatments on jack beans, which included soaking, treatment with trona (magadi soda) and germination. The samples of jack beans were brought from Mlingano Agricultural Research Institute and transported to the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. Proximate analysis, mineral and phenolic compounds content were carried out on the treated samples. Acceptability tests were performed on products prepared from composite flour, made from 48 h. germinated jack beans. The products included porridges, breads and buns. Soaking results in lowering mineral concentrations. However, treatment with trona increased mineral profile. The levels of calcium, iron and zinc for the jack bean seeds analysed, gave 8.99, 3.83 and 1.76 mg/100 g, respectively. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture, protein, fibre, fat, ash and carbohydrate content were 4.6, 29.7, 5.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 53.9%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodnius Prolixus
    Fruttero et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:412 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1710-3 RESEARCH Open Access Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the urease-derived peptide Jaburetox in the model organism Rhodnius prolixus Leonardo L. Fruttero1,2,5*, Natalia R. Moyetta1, Augusto F. Uberti1,2, Matheus V. Coste Grahl1, Fernanda C. Lopes1,2, Valquiria Broll2, Denise Feder3 and Celia R. Carlini1,2,4 Abstract Background: Although the entomotoxicity of plant ureases has been reported almost 20 years ago, their insecticidal mechanism of action is still not well understood. Jaburetox is a recombinant peptide derived from one of the isoforms of Canavalia ensiformis (Jack Bean) urease that presents biotechnological interest since it is toxic to insects of different orders. Previous studies of our group using the Chagas disease vector and model insect Rhodnius prolixus showed that the treatment with Jack Bean Urease (JBU) led to hemocyte aggregation and hemolymph darkening, among other effects. In this work, we employed cell biology and biochemical approaches to investigate whether Jaburetox would induce not only cellular but also humoral immune responses in this species. Results: The findings indicated that nanomolar doses of Jaburetox triggered cation-dependent, in vitro aggregation of hemocytes of fifth-instar nymphs and adults. The use of specific eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors revealed that the cellular immune response required cyclooxygenase products since indomethacin prevented the Jaburetox-dependent aggregation whereas baicalein and esculetin (inhibitors of the lipoxygenases pathway) did not. Cultured hemocytes incubated with Jaburetox for 24 h showed cytoskeleton disorganization, chromatin condensation and were positive for activated caspase 3, an apoptosis marker, although their phagocytic activity remained unchanged.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity and Host Relations of the Elsinoe of Lima Bean '
    IDENTITY AND HOST RELATIONS OF THE ELSINOE OF LIMA BEAN ' By S. C. BRUNEK, chief, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Agri-' cultural Experiment Station, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, and ANNA E. JEN- KINS, associate pathologist. Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION This paper presents the results of inoculation tests on legumes with the fungus causing scab of the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus macro- carpus Benth.). This organism was tentatively identified^ as Elsinoe canavaliae Rac, causing scab of Canavalia in the Orient. The plants inoculated were wild or naturalized lima bean, known in Cuba as ''frijol caballero''; several common horticultural varieties of lima bean, including Fordhook Bush, Henderson Bush, Henderson Pole, and Challenger Pole; and some other leguminous plants, namely, Oalopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Hemsl., Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC, C, ensiformis (L.) DC, Dolichos lablab L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., and Stizolohium deeringianum Bort. The object of the investigations was to obtam additional data on the host range of the organism, which would be of value taxonomically and otherwise, and also to determine some of the environmental conditions necessary for infection of the lima bean. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inoculations were made at the Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, from 1930 to 1932 by the senior writer. The plants of Oalopogonium caeruleum and some of those of Canavalia ensiformis were inoculated on the station grounds where they were growing. The other inoculations were made in the plant- quarantine house. The sides of this house were protected with panels of fine copper-wire screening, which made it practically insect-proof but not fungus-proof.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants (Hawaiian) Petition
    Protecting endangered species and wild places through science, policy, education, and environmental law. Candidate Petition Project HAWAIIAN PLANTS PETITIONS TO LIST AS FEDERALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES The following document contains the individual petitions for the 86 Hawaiian plant species to be listed as federally endangered species under the federal Endangered Species Act. Pa'iniu Astelia waialealae Ko'oko'olau Bidens campylotheca ssp. pentamera Ko'oko'olau Bidens campylotheca ssp. waihoiensis Ko'oko'olau Bidens conjuncta Ko'oko'olau Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla Reedgrass Calamagrostis expansa Reedgrass Calamagrostis hillebrandii 'Awikiwiki Canavalia napaliensis 'Awikiwiki Canavalia pubescens A'koko Chamaesyce eleanoriae A'koko Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi A'koko Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Papala Charpentiera densiflora Haha Cyanea asplenifolia Haha Cyanea calycina Haha Cyanea eleeleensis Haha Cyanea kuhihewa Haha Cyanea kunthiana Haha Cyanea lanceolata Haha Cyanea obtusa Haha Cyanea tritomantha Ha'iwale Cyrtandra filipes Ha'iwale Cyrtandra kaulantha Ha'iwale Cyrtandra oenobarba Ha'iwale Cyrtandra oxybapha Ha'iwale Cyrtandra sessilis Na'ena'e Dubautia imbricata Na'ena'e Dubautia plantaginea magnifolia Na'ena'e Dubautia waialealae Hawaiian fescue Festuca hawaiiensis Nanu Gardenia remyi Nohoanu Geranium hanaense Nohoanu Geranium hillebrandii Nohoanu Geranium kauaiense Kampuaa'a Hedyotis fluviatilis 'Ohe Joinvillea ascendens ssp. ascendens Hulumoa Korthalsella degeneri Tucson • Phoenix • Idyllwild • San Diego • Oakland • Sitka
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Gladiata and Dolichos Lablab Extracts for Sustainable Pest Biocontrol and Plant Nutrition Improvement in El Salvador
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(3): 86-93 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 Canavalia gladiata and Dolichos lablab extracts NAAS Rating: 3.53 JMPS 2019; 7(3): 86-93 for sustainable pest biocontrol and plant nutrition © 2019 JMPS Received: 11-03-2019 improvement in El Salvador Accepted: 14-04-2019 Carlos Roberto Martinez Martinez Faculty of Engineering and Carlos Roberto Martinez Martinez Architecture Catholic University of El Salvador, El Salvador, Abstract Central America Botanical repellents and pesticides are now being rediscovered as new tools for integrated pest management in order to reduce the use of toxic chemicals in crop production. Canavalia gladiata and Dolichos lablab are two Fabaceae very well adapted to farmlands of El Salvador, effective as living barriers and mostly as cover crops, however, they are not yet very well disseminated. This document describes the potential for using the liquid extracts and the dry flour of raw seeds of those plants for economic benefit and practical convenience for pest management in Salvadorian agriculture under field conditions. Seed extracts were useful when applied to the foliage to repel white flies (Aleyrodidae spp.) at the dose of 10% v/v; the repellent effect lasted approximately up to 8 days. The flour produced from the ground seeds were effective for preventing infections of Meloidogyne spp. and Phyllophaga spp., when mixed with soil prior to transplant; the beneficial effect lasted for about one month. Another added value of those flours was the contribution to plant nutrition in the short term, yet applying this treatment must be delayed until after crop germination and emergence because it can cause growth disorder in young seedlings.
    [Show full text]
  • Flaming Fabaceae —Using an Alcohol Flame to Break Seed Dormancy
    Flaming Fabaceae —Using an Alcohol Flame to Break Seed Dormancy Nellie Sugii | n 1991, the Lyon Arboretum on O‘ahu initiated the Rare Hawaiian Plant Pro- Igram utilizing micropropagation as a ABSTRACT tool for plant genetic conservation. The mission of this project was to prevent fur- Soaking Fabaceae seeds in alcohol and then passing them through a flame for ther extinction of Hawaiian plant species, 2 to 3 s is a quick and easy way of promoting germination of at least 8 species propagate plants for use in approved of Hawaiian legumes. In addition to stimulating germination, the technique restoration and reintroduction projects, effectively sterilizes seeds for in vitro germination for mircropropagation or for and initiate and maintain an in vitro germination in the greenhouse. germplasm collection of the “critically endangered” plants included within the KEY WORDS Genetic Safety Net List (GSNL). The Micropropagation, greenhouse, threatened and endangered, GSNL generated by the Hawai‘i Rare Plant recalcitrant, legume Restoration Group is a collection of plant taxa identified as “critically endangered” NOMENCLATURE and given top management priority. ITIS (2002) Plant micropropagation is a technol- ogy that has been developed and rede- fined continuously over the past 30 years and has received an increasing amount of interest as a propagative method for plant genetic conservation (Dodds 1991). In Hawai‘i, micropropagation is commonly used to propagate many Hawaiian plant taxa, including our most “critically endangered” for germplasm storage, ex situ use, and restoration and reintroduc- tion projects. Micropropagation is espe- cially suitable when: 1) the plant species are difficult to propagate using conven- tional propagative methods; 2) viable plant propagules are rare due to inbreed- ing depression or difficulty in accessing plants; 3) plants have very small, recalci- Photos by Nellie Sugii trant, or immature seeds or spores; or 4) only poor quality propagules are available Figure 1.
    [Show full text]