DOCSLIB.ORG

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE East Meets East

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE East Meets East View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CSUN ScholarWorks CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE East Meets East A Chinese Restaurant in Little Tokyo A Video Documentary A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts in Mass Communication By Changyue Xie May 2015 The thesis of Changyue Xie is approved: _____________________________ ____________ Prof. David A. Blumenkrantz Date _____________________________ ____________ Dr. Jose Luis Benavides Date _____________________________ ____________ Dr. Melissa A. Wall, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEGMENTS Upon completion of this Master’s degree and related project, I would like to thank my committee chair, Professor Melissa Wall. I couldn’t have made it this far without your help; thank you for your encouragement and expert guidance. Also thanks to my committee members Professor Jose Luis Benavides and Professor David A. Blumenkrantz for their continuous support, understanding and helpful suggestions. I am also thankful for the people of the Far East Café, Little Tokyo Service Center and Chinese Historical Society Southern California for their kind help and friendliness. It was very difficult for me as a foreign student to do interviews and to film in Los Angeles. This project would not have materialized without their support and hospitality, especially Dr. Edith Chen in Asian American Studies of California State University, Northridge, who recommended the Far East Café as my thesis project and offered me contact information; Mr. Bill Watanabe and Mr. Erich Nakano, who offered their knowledge of the history of Little Tokyo; Mr. Raymond Douglas Chong and Mr. Andrew Chong, who shared the history of the Far East Café; Dr. John Jung and Mr. Eugene Moy, who offered their knowledge of the Chinese immigration history; Mr Tony Osumi and Mrs Patty Ito Nagano, who shared their memories of the Far East Café, and various other who contributed on and off the camera. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for their continuous support, encouragement and love. And thanks to my wonderful boyfriend Feng Liang, who became my camera assistant, best boy and driver. Thank you for giving me your never-ending understanding and sweet love. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ii Acknowledgements iii Abstract vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Project Aims 2 Research Questions 4 Significance 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 Introduction 8 Theoretical Framework 8 Hegemony 8 Culture Hegemony, Ideological effect and Mass media 9 Cultivation 10 Media in the U.S. Representations of Asian Americans 11 Chinese Americans 12 Japanese Americans and other Asian groups 14 History of Chinese immigration to the United States 14 Chinese communities and Chinatown in Los Angeles 18 Japanese communities in Los Angeles 18 The history of the Chinese restaurant in America 19 History of the Far East Café 23 Chapter 3: Methodology 26 Preparation 26 Timeline 27 Interview Subjects and contact 27 iv Interview Questions 31 Equipment 33 Release 33 Limitations 33 Video Outline 34 Chapter 4: Transcription of Multimedia 35 Part 1 Introduction: Transported Back in Time 35 Part 2 Chong’s History of the Far East Cafe 38 Part 3 Memories and Significance of the Far East Café 43 Chapter 5: Conclusions 50 References Appendix A: List of Television Shows Star Chinese Americans From 1949 to 2005 Appendix B: Visual/Audio Image Release Form Appendix C: My Far East Café by Raymond Chong (Zhang Weiming) Appendix D: China Meshi Dreams by Tony Osumi v ABSTRACT East Meets East A Chinese Restaurant in Little Tokyo A Video Documentary By Changyue Xie Master of Arts in Mass Communication This project is a video documentary that focuses on the 80-year cultural and symbolic history of the Far East Café, a restaurant began by Chinese immigrants in 1935. The documentary records the stories and experiences of the Chong family, who opened this restaurant. The Far East Café reflected the relationship between Chinese immigrants and Japanese immigrants in Los Angeles. Particularly after World War II, the Far East Café helped a number of Japanese American families come back to Los Angeles from Relocation Camps. The documentary also shows the history of early Chinese immigrants. It displays how difficult it was for the early Chinese immigrants to come to this country and build their own community. The purpose of this documentary is to depict Chinese and Japanese immigration stories, encourage people to change their stereotyped views of Asian Americans and help American audiences better understand Asian groups. The warm relationships between Chinese and Japanese immigrants, the Far East Cafe may influence other race relations, not just Asian groups, but also perhaps throughout the world. vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Based on the 2012 United States Census data, the total population of Asian Americans is 18,205,898, or 5.8% of the U.S. population. Asian groups have a long immigration history, and now these groups are the highest-income, best educated and fastest growing in this nation of immigrants (Pew Research Center, 2012). This growth may result in Asian American groups becoming a more significant part of the United States, especially in the twenty-first century. Asian immigrants historically have made a significant contribution to helping the United States enter the advanced stages of capitalist development (Hamamoto, 1994). Asian American stories, culture and history need to be highlighted. That is one of the goals of my project, to depict Chinese and Japanese immigration stories. Non-Asian people in the U.S. often learn about Asian culture from TV programs, films and other media products. Media plays a significant role in the creation of Asian American images. Asian Americans rarely play the main characters in most U.S. TV programs, and although Asian elements are present in media programs, the Asian depictions that American audiences come to know through media are often stereotyped, vague and misleading. Also Asian Americans are underrepresented in U.S. media. Throughout the history of U.S. film and television, Asians and Asian Americans have several common stereotypes: “yellow peril, dragon lady, the delicate lotus blossom; the mild, asexual Asian male; and the fierce master of martial arts” are the images U.S. media gives American audiences of Asian Americans (Holtzman， Sharpe & Gardner 2014, p.321). As Hamamoto (1994) argues in her book Monitored 1 Peril, “Most of the Asian American figures depicted in TV programs were indeed one-dimensional and peripheral when compared with the dominant, Euro-American lead characters” (p. ix). Yet, Asian Americans come from many places; they have different histories, cultures, and experiences in the United States. While some non-fiction contents such as documentaries reflect the history of Chinese immigrants’ history in the United States, these programs are seldom shown in the U.S. mainstream media. Compared with other ethnic groups, Asian immigrants’ history is subordinated and neglected in media and TV representations. Especially, there are very few TV programs that reflect the relationship between Asian immigrant groups. Project Aims For my thesis project, I filmed the documentary East Meets East -- A Chinese Restaurant in Little Tokyo. This story of a Chinese restaurant embodies the history and experience of the early waves of Chinese immigrants. It also reflects the immigrants’ relationships, especially the Chinese and Japanese communities in the U.S. Conventional wisdom has it that Chinese and Japanese are both defined as East Asian. Compared to other immigrants from the east, people from these two countries came voluntarily to the U.S. in search of economic opportunity. In contrast, Vietnamese and Thai people often came as refugees (Holtzman, Sharpe & Gardner 2014). Chinese and Japanese have similar cultures; furthermore, both Chinese and Japanese, in particular, were targeted as the “yellow peril” in the nineteenth century (p. 278). However, political events (for example, the militarism of Imperial Japan and the U.S. “loss” of China), different immigration experiences (for example, the 2 internment camps for Japanese), and living conditions create distinctions between these two groups. When “East” (Chinese American) meets “East” (Japanese American), their stories can be insightful and meaningful. The Far East Café, a Chinese restaurant located in the heart of Little Tokyo in Los Angeles at 347 East First Street, has an 80-year-old history. Ten Chinese immigrants, all part of the extended Jeong family, made the arduous journey from Guangdong Province in Kaiping County, China to the U.S. in 1935. Initially, the Jeong cousins leased the storefront commercial space and established the restaurant. In 1963, the cousins were finally able to buy the property for $70,000 (Chong, 2013). The Jeong family’s experience was similar to many early Chinese immigrants’ experience. K. Connie Kang, an LA Times staff writer states, the Chop Suey sign and the Far East Café in Little Tokyo were “part of Japanese American life in Southern California” for six decades. For those customers of the Far East Café, it was “like a home away from home”, and the Far East Café is “a part of history, a part of community and our (Japanese American) heritage” (Kang, 2003, B.3). The Far East Café was very famous in the mid-20th century. Sports figures including Michael Garret, gangsters including Micky Cohen and film sarts like Anna May Wong attended the Far East’s grand opening (National Trust For Historic Preservation, 2010). Since the 1970s, film and history buffs discovered the Far East Café and used it for location shots in some movies such as Farewell, My Lovely; Chinatown, Dragon; Running Through the Night; A Year in the Life (Harris, 1988); Restore America; Gasa-Gasa Girl, and Community Matters (Chong, 2013). It also played host to countless events for those in and around Los Angeles City Hall.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China in 50 Dishes
    C H I N A I N 5 0 D I S H E S CHINA IN 50 DISHES Brought to you by CHINA IN 50 DISHES A 5,000 year-old food culture To declare a love of ‘Chinese food’ is a bit like remarking Chinese food Imported spices are generously used in the western areas you enjoy European cuisine. What does the latter mean? It experts have of Xinjiang and Gansu that sit on China’s ancient trade encompasses the pickle and rye diet of Scandinavia, the identified four routes with Europe, while yak fat and iron-rich offal are sauce-driven indulgences of French cuisine, the pastas of main schools of favoured by the nomadic farmers facing harsh climes on Italy, the pork heavy dishes of Bavaria as well as Irish stew Chinese cooking the Tibetan plains. and Spanish paella. Chinese cuisine is every bit as diverse termed the Four For a more handy simplification, Chinese food experts as the list above. “Great” Cuisines have identified four main schools of Chinese cooking of China – China, with its 1.4 billion people, has a topography as termed the Four “Great” Cuisines of China. They are Shandong, varied as the entire European continent and a comparable delineated by geographical location and comprise Sichuan, Jiangsu geographical scale. Its provinces and other administrative and Cantonese Shandong cuisine or lu cai , to represent northern cooking areas (together totalling more than 30) rival the European styles; Sichuan cuisine or chuan cai for the western Union’s membership in numerical terms. regions; Huaiyang cuisine to represent China’s eastern China’s current ‘continental’ scale was slowly pieced coast; and Cantonese cuisine or yue cai to represent the together through more than 5,000 years of feudal culinary traditions of the south.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation JIAN 2016 Final
    The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: Laada Bilaniuk, Chair Ann Anagnost, Chair Stevan Harrell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology © Copyright 2016 Ge Jian University of Washington Abstract The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Laada Bilaniuk Professor Ann Anagnost Department of Anthropology My dissertation is an ethnographic study of the language politics and practices of college- age English language learners in Xinjiang at the historical juncture of China’s capitalist development. In Xinjiang the international lingua franca English, the national official language Mandarin Chinese, and major Turkic languages such as Uyghur and Kazakh interact and compete for linguistic prestige in different social scenarios. The power relations between the Turkic languages, including the Uyghur language, and Mandarin Chinese is one in which minority languages are surrounded by a dominant state language supported through various institutions such as school and mass media. The much greater symbolic capital that the “legitimate language” Mandarin Chinese carries enables its native speakers to have easier access than the native Turkic speakers to jobs in the labor market. Therefore, many Uyghur parents face the dilemma of choosing between maintaining their cultural and linguistic identity and making their children more socioeconomically mobile. The entry of the global language English and the recent capitalist development in China has led to English education becoming market-oriented and commodified, which has further complicated the linguistic picture in Xinjiang.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Memory and Rural Development
    Rural Memory and Rural Development by Xinran Tang Submitted in partial fulflment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2019 © Copyright by Xinran Tang, 2019 CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Thesis Questions ................................................................................. 2 1.2 Rural China .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 History of Rural China .......................................................................... 3 1.4 Chinese Rural Society .......................................................................... 4 1.5 Challenges and Problems in Rural China ............................................ 5 1.6 The Relationship Between City and Rural Area ................................... 8 1.7 Opportunities for Rural China ............................................................... 10 1.8 Site: Liujiadu Village ............................................................................. 11 Chapter 2: Rural Memory Study ........................................................................ 14 2.1 Collective Memory ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Riverside
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Xi Tian August 2014 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson Dr. Paul Pickowicz Dr. Yenna Wu Copyright by Xi Tian 2014 The Dissertation of Xi Tian is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930-1949 by Xi Tian Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Comparative Literature University of California, Riverside, August 2014 Dr. Perry Link, Chairperson My dissertation rethinks satire and redefines our understanding of it through the examination of works from the 1930s and 1940s. I argue that the fluidity of satiric writing in the 1930s and 1940s undermines the certainties of the “satiric triangle” and gives rise to what I call, variously, self-satire, self-counteractive satire, empathetic satire and ambiguous satire. It has been standard in the study of satire to assume fixed and fairly stable relations among satirist, reader, and satirized object. This “satiric triangle” highlights the opposition of satirist and satirized object and has generally assumed an alignment by the reader with the satirist and the satirist’s judgments of the satirized object. Literary critics and theorists have usually shared these assumptions about the basis of satire. I argue, however, that beginning with late-Qing exposé fiction, satire in modern Chinese literature has shown an unprecedented uncertainty and fluidity in the relations among satirist, reader and satirized object.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF (100.9
    index 36th Statistical Report on Internet ‘american dream’ 40, 324 Development in China 433 Analects 318 40 Kids Songs in Cartoon 279 anderson, benedict 28 5000 Years of Chinese Characters 254 anderson, Chris 46, 49 animation industry A Bite of China 248, 255, 256 and copycats 280 A Complaint Free World 316 control/censorship mechanisms across the taiwan strait and Hong 282–7, 289–90 kong film festival 487 domestic industry growth/challenges adorno, theodor 5, 17, 18, 20 277–8, 279–80, 282, 287–8, 290 Adventure Under the Sea 285 evolution of 278–80 advertising foreign animation culture 279–80, and commercialization of television 288 industry 361, 369–72 and ‘going global’ 136, 140–41, and cultural governance of mass 277–8, 287–8 media 192, 199, 200 ‘golden eras’ of 279 and digital publishing industry government policy/regulation 277–8, 388–9 280–87, 288, 289–90 and e-commerce 416–17 international industry growth 276–7, and genesis of cultural industries 5–6 279–80 and ‘going global’ 125, 131, 137, ‘managed creativity’ in 288–90 and industrialization of art 520, 522 recommendation and awards and mobile internet 402–5 systems 283–4 and online video platforms 347, 348, anti-culture process 17, 18 351–2, 355–6, 403 app-based distributors (digital and radio 5, 260, 262–3, 265, 267–8, publishing industry) 383–4 271, 272 Approval for Foreign Cultural and Advice on Further Strengthening and Artistic Performance Groups & Improving the Work of Exporting Individuals in Song & Dance 140 Cultural Products 129 apps 332, 367, 369, 382–4, 403–4, Aftershock
    [Show full text]
  • TO CHINA FOOD to CHINA 5 Cover Story 封面故事
    FOOD TO CHINA, TASTE FROM WORLD 链接全球 . 美味中国 进口食品 FOOD TO CHINA2016 年 5 月 May 2016 FOOD FROM GOURMET ITALY 来自美食国度的意大利食品 UnionAlimentari 意大利中小食品制造商联合会 2016 年全球食品和饮料十大趋势 Preface 卷首语 民以食为天。中国饮食文化绵延 1700 年，多姿多彩的宴席和百家争鸣的风味流派，共同打响了“烹饪王国”的 美誉。2012 年，《舌尖上的中国》在央视首播，引起了广泛的关注。中华美食，给国人带来舌尖上的享受，也向 世界传递源远流长的中华饮食文化。 农业部部长韩长赋指出，我国国民一天要吃 40 多万吨粮食、10 多万吨肉、50 多万吨蔬菜和 20 多万吨水果，数 量十分庞大。在吃货盛行的年代，除了中华美食，吃遍全球，也是我们孜孜不倦的追求。由广东省进口食品协会主 办的行业杂志《FOOD TO CHINA》，任性地坚持“链接全球，美味中国”的情怀，如饥似渴地为国人分享各国的优 质食品及采购资源，我们喜闻乐见其创刊与成长。 作为协会的常务副会长单位，广东省食品进出口集团有限公司，肩负着打造高端国际绿色食品供应链的社会责 任，定将联合各方资源，让“高质、优价、安全”的食品走进千家万户。 进口食品行业已进入快速发展的“黄金十年”，活在当下，唯美食与爱不可辜负，我们已在路上！ “Food, the engine of life.” China has been renowned as the Kingdom of Cooking , where diversified styles of banquets and schools of cuisines have been flourishing in its 1700 year history of food culture.” 2012 saw the first-run of A Bite of China, a CCTV (China Central Television) program that soon became a nationwide hit.” It fired up the taste buds of Chinese and told the world a long history of Chinese food culture.” According to Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture of the People s Republic China, Chinese citizens consume a mountain of food on a daily basis 400,000+ tons of cereal, 100,000+ tons of meat, 500,000+ tons of vegetables and 200,000+ tons of fruit.” Like every foodie in the globe, eating around the world, including China, is our ever-burning dream.” FOOD TO CHINA is a magazine issued by Guangdong (China) Imported Food Association (IFA).” Sticking to the romantic ambition of Food to China, Taste from world , this magazine
    [Show full text]
  • La Mediatización De La Experiencia Migrante De La Comunidad China En Madrid
    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Periodismo y Nuevos Medios TESIS DOCTORAL La mediatización de la experiencia migrante de la Comunidad china en Madrid MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Longxing Wang Directora Cristina Peñamarín Beristain Madrid, 2019 © Longxing Wang, 2018 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Periodismo y Nuevos Medios LA MEDIATIZACIÓN DE LA EXPERIENCIA MIGRANTE DE LA COMUNIDAD CHINA EN MADRID PRESENTADA POR: LONGXING WANG DIRECTORA: DRA. CRISTINA PEÑAMARÍN BERISTAIN MADRID, 2018 AGRADECIMIENTOS Sin cada una de las ayudas que me han prestado los profesores y los compañeros de estudio españoles, no habría podido realizar este trabajo. Por eso, quisiera expresar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todos ellos, especialmente a mi tutora Cristina Peñamarín Beristain, quien no solo me ha orientado con paciencia y dedicación en el laberinto de la realización de la tesis, sino que también me ha abierto la puerta hacia el mundo semiótico. Merced a ella, abro los ojos a la percepción y exploración de los sentidos producidos e intercambiados a mi alrededor. Además, quería agradecer a los colaboradores de mi trabajo de campo, los entrevistados y las entrevistadas. Tras tantas entrevistas, nos hemos hecho amigos, amigos para toda la vida. Sin su ayuda, no podría saber ni redactar nada. También quisiera dar las gracias a Sheila Villafruela, la profesora que me enseñó español en la Universidad de Estudios Extranjeros de Beijing, China, y despertó en mí un gran interés por el Periodismo del mundo hispanohablante. Gracias a mis padres y a Yuqi, que me han animado y dado el coraje que necesitaba a lo largo de todos estos años.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploratory Study of Food Tourist Motivations Visiting Food Museum Restaurants
    Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications Post 2013 2020 Hunger for learning or tasting? An exploratory study of food tourist motivations visiting food museum restaurants Eerang Park Edith Cowan University, [email protected] Sangkyun Kim Edith Cowan University, [email protected] Min Xu Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013 Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons 10.1080/02508281.2020.1841374 Park, E., Kim, S., & Xu, M. (2020). Hunger for learning or tasting? An exploratory study of food tourist motivations visiting food museum restaurants. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1841374 This Journal Article is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworkspost2013/9058 Tourism Recreation Research ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rtrr20 Hunger for learning or tasting? An exploratory study of food tourist motivations visiting food museum restaurants Eerang Park , Sangkyun Kim & Min Xu To cite this article: Eerang Park , Sangkyun Kim & Min Xu (2020): Hunger for learning or tasting? An exploratory study of food tourist motivations visiting food museum restaurants, Tourism Recreation Research, DOI: 10.1080/02508281.2020.1841374 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1841374 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 05 Nov 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 113 View related articles View Crossmark
    [Show full text]
  • The New Development of Contemporary Food Writing and The
    Journal of Contemporary Educational Research Review Article The New Development of Contemporary Food Writing and the Value of Chinese Courses Qiuhong Zhu* School of Teacher Education of Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China Abstract: Delicacy is one significant theme of literary and “Han Xizai evening banquet” painted by Gu Hong and artistic creation. Since the 1980s, excellent delicacy in its cup bowl to get inspiration. Also, he wanted to writing industry has become an important part of check again “Tokyo Wei Menghua record”, “Capital Chinese teaching in middle schools. Since the beginning Jisheng”, “the west lake old man numerous wins of the new century, the carrier of food writing has record”, “dream Liang Lu” and “wulin old things”[2]. In changed from the literal one to full-view video, audio- Wang Zengqi’s food prose, he is persistent in tracing the visual television documentaries. The essence of new origin of food and exploring its historical background. form of contemporary food writing does not change; it In order to introduce the cutting enjoys a dish, all the still implies the meticulous and warm humanistic care. relevant statements, which are written in “the analects The value of it in Chinese courses still has much room of Confucius, Jia Sixie’s Qiminyaoshu, the Tokyo to expand. recorded” Wei Menghua, works, “cut photographs resort Mid-Autumn festival enjoys” and Du Fu “Wen Keywords: Food literature, New changes, Chinese township ginger seven fewer government set Kuai play courses value a gift long song, twang-ching-shih” him, unitary Yang Publication date: January, 2020 impurity leather, should be displayed one by one.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Teaching and Learning Outline
    SAMPLE TEACHING AND LEARNING OUTLINE CHINESE: SECOND LANGUAGE YEAR 5 Copyright © School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2018 This document—apart from any third party copyright material contained in it—may be freely copied, or communicated on an intranet, for non- commercial purposes in educational institutions, provided that the School Curriculum and Standards Authority is acknowledged as the copyright owner. Copying or communication for any other purpose can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act 1968 or with prior written permission of the School Curriculum and Standards Authority. Copying or communication of any third party copyright material can be done only within the terms of the Copyright Act 1968 or with permission of the copyright owners. Any content in this document that has been derived from the Australian Curriculum may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Disclaimer Any resources such as texts, websites and so on that may be referred to in this document are provided as examples of resources that teachers can use to support their teaching and learning programs. Their inclusion does not imply that they are mandatory or that they are the only resources relevant to the learning area syllabus. 2018/46232v4 The sample teaching and learning outline provides one possible approach through which the Chinese: Second Language syllabus within the Western Australian Curriculum: Languages can be taught. Consistent with the rationale of the Languages curriculum, this outline supports students’ ability to communicate proficiently in a language other than English, with essential communication skills in that language, an intercultural capability, and an understanding of the role of language and culture in human communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the EU-China Cultural and Creative Landscape
    MAPPING THE EU‐CHINA CULTURAL AND CREATIVE LANDSCAPE A joint mapping study prepared for the Ministry of Culture (MoC) of the People's Republic of China and DG Education and Culture (EAC) of the European Commission September 2015 1 CO-AUTHORS: Chapters I to III: Cui Qiao - Senior Expert, BMW Foundation China Representative, Founder China Contemporary Art Foundation Huang Shan - Junior Expert, Founder Artspy.cn Chapter IV: Katja Hellkötter - Senior Expert, Founder & Director, CONSTELLATIONS International Léa Ayoub - Junior Expert, Project Manager, CONSTELLATIONS International http://www.constellations-international.com Disclaimer This mapping study has been produced in the context and with the support of the EU-China Policy Dialogues Support Facility (PDSF II), a project financed jointly by the European Union and the Government of the People's Republic of China, implemented by a consortium led by Grontmij A/S. This consolidated version is based on the contributions of the two expert teams mentioned above and has been finalised by the European Commission (DG EAC). The content does not necessarily reflect the opinion of Directorate General Education and Culture (DG EAC) or the Ministry of Culture (MoC) of the People’s Republic of China. DG EAC and MoC are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. The authors have produced this study to the best of their ability and knowledge; nevertheless they assume no liability for any damages, material or immaterial, that may arise from the use of this study or its content. 2 Contents I. General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 5 1. Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 2. Project Description .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Soft Power by Accident Or by Design: If You Are the One and Chinese Television
    Soft Power by Accident or by Design: If You Are the One and Chinese Television Wanning Sun The notion of soft power started to gain traction with the Chinese policy makers as early as the 1990s, but it was not until 2008 – when China realized that there was a big discrepancy between how China saw itself and how the world saw China (J. Wang) – that the concept started to bear policy implications. In 2008, China succeeded in hosting the Beijing Olympics but failed to convince the Western world of its rightful territorial claim to Tibet and its handling of the human rights issues related to it. To China’s policy-makers and strategic thinkers, how China can gain the ability to “get what it wants through appeal and attraction” – Joseph Nye’s definition of soft power (Bound to Lead) – was no longer just a theoretical question. Unlike the United States, which witnessed only a lukewarm response to Nye’s soft power arguments, the concept of soft power became widely embraced in China’s foreign policy discourse and in strategic frameworks that were articulated in the major speeches by the Chinese leadership (Hayden). It was also widely believed in China’s policy-making circle that the concept and theory of soft power needed to be converted – quickly – into the tangible outcome of creating a more desirable international opinion environment for its policies and actions. As public and cultural diplomacy programs and international broadcasting efforts are the key instruments of soft power, it is not surprising that China’s public diplomacy policies, practices and initiatives (such as the Confucius Institute) moved into “higher gear” (d’Hooghe) around the Beijing Olympics.
    [Show full text]