18548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS LET'S EASE THE SUFFERING OF in Iraq. As a result, Saddam is free to per­ Emaciated pets now prowl Baghdad alleys, THE PEOPLE OF IRAQ secute his own people just as he persecuted set loose by owners who can no longer afford the people of Kuwait. to feed them. International aid has thus far HON. WM. S. BROOMREID We may not be able to remove Saddam, but staved off the apocalyptic rates of disease we can certainly ensure that his people, and and malnutrition feared a few months ago, OF MICHIGAN but conditions remain ripe for an epidemic. not he and his cronies, are in a position to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On a back street of Saddam City, the Mosan benefit from the country's financial assets and family spent a recent day bailing raw sewage Tuesday, July 16, 1991 its great wealth of natural resources. from the front room of their mud brick Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, yester­ In the recent war in the gulf, America's great home. With Iraq's water system crippled by day's Wall Street Journal brought a fresh re­ scientific minds and military strategists were bomb damage and lack of spare parts, pipes minder of the pain and suffering being en­ able to wage a war of terrific ferocity but lim­ often burst, flooding streets with fetid green dured by the people of Iraq. ited scope. Many Iraqi civilians died, but I'd sludge. The Mosans' three-room hovel, home to 13 In the words of the Journal's reporter, Tony like to think that many more survived because America was intent on aiming its precision people, has no furniture and only one appli­ Horwitz, who is in Saddam City, "Iraq's econ­ ance: a creaking refrigerator cooling crusts omy is in a free fall, and so are most of its weapons against Saddam and his military and of bread and chunks of fat, the poor Iraqi's people. In the poorest districts, barefoot chil­ sparing as much as possible Iraq's civilian cooking oil. A teen-age boy smiles from a dren scavenge the streets for edible garbage. population from the horrors of war. photo on the wall. The Mosans' oldest son, he Huge lines form, Moscow-like, on the rumor of It's time for some precision diplomacy. We was killed in the Iran-Iraq war and remains meat arriving at government shops. Beggars want to make sure that the outcome of this the family's main breadwinner, earning $30 a are suddenly rife, as are young prostitutes, war is not only the defeat of a reckless dic­ month in death benefits. In this Shiite Muslim district, where riots peddling sex for $10." tator but the development of lasting friend­ ships with the people of Iraq and the Middle erupted in March, there is little love for Sad­ In case anyone gets the impression that the dam Hussein. But for 17-year-old Kadriya misery is universal, Horwitz points out that East. I believe the Penny resolution is a good Mosan, sanctions make no sense. "The Ku­ Saddam's corrupt inner circle is benefiting step in that direction, and urge my colleagues waitis have their country back," she says. hugely from the post-war economic confusion, "So why are we still being punished?" to support it. I insert the Wall Street Journal's and that Saddam's son, Oday, frequently ar­ article in the RECORD: RUNAWAY INFLATION rives at the five-star Rasheed Hotel "in his [From the Wall Street Journal, July 15, 1991] Nearby, at the Saddam Hussein Hospital, black Porsche, wearing a silk shirt and smok­ CASUALTIES OF WAR-IN IRAQ TODAY, CHIL- shortages are forcing X-ray teams to use ex­ ing a Havana cigar, to visit the hotel's posh DREN SCAVENGE FOR FOOD, ECONOMISTS pired film, which often clouds in developing. discotheque." DRIVE CABS A lack of anesthetics limits surgeons to In the war against Saddam Hussein, Amer­ emergency cases. There are no gloves and no (By Tony Horwitz) catheters. At other hospitals, patients on ica scored one of the most convincing and SADDAM CITY, lRAQ.-Khalid Saad measures clear-cut battlefield victories in its 200-year machines needing constant electricity, such despair in the quantity of gold swaying on as kidney dialysis, are dying during power history. his jeweler's scales. outrages. To find a parallel, you would have to go On a stifling day in this poor Baghdad sub­ In Saddam City and other destitute areas, back to America's participation in World War urb, a pregnant woman pauses in the cool of war and sanctions have deepened chronic II. Yet one reason we look with so much pride Mr. Saad's shop. She stands as if to go-then poverty. Many residents are accustomed, to our participation in that effort was the diplo­ gropes inside her abaya and unclasps the however grimly, to living on the margin. necklace nuzzling her breast. Much more sudden is the impoverishment of matic victory we achieved in the aftermath of "Are you sure?" Mr. Saad asks. She nods the war. Our two major opponents are now and turns away as the gold chain clatters middle-class Iraqis, and of the once-pristine among our closest allies. onto his scales. The necklace, a wedding capital they inhabit. In World War II, America was unrelenting in present, fetches the equivalent of $80 for the Downtown Baghdad, a modern sprawl of 19-year-old newlywed. "My husband will for­ crisp towers and futuristic monuments, is its prosecution of the war, yet it was generous acquiring the shabby air of poor Arab cities to those it defeated. We have never been in­ give me," she says, "when he sees all the food I bring home." such as Cairo. In the clotted traffic, snarled terested in waging war against people of other For Mr. Saad, such scenes have become a by the bombing of Tigris River bridges, taxis nations, but always against those unscrupu­ dispiriting ritual. Hoisting a sack holding with broken windshields cough and gasp on lous officials in power who force their people one day's haul of purchased jewelry, he says, the impure, low-octane fuel sold at local into foolhardy military adventures. "Before the war, I would not buy this much pumps. Lights dim as merchants turn on air It's time we turned our most recent victory in a month." conditioners. Whole sections of the city peri­ on the field of battle into a convincing victory Iraq's economy is in free fall, and so are odically black out. Most telephones are use­ most of its people. In the poorest districts, less. And to keep pace with runaway infla­ in the field of diplomacy. tion, the state is printing bank notes so flim­ To help get that process moving, I recently barefoot children scavenge the streets for ed­ ible garbage. Huge lines form, Moscow-like, sy that some bills are printed on only one cosponsored a concurrent resolution offered on the rumor of meat arriving at govern­ side. by Congressman PENNY that would encourage ment shops. Beggars are suddenly rife, as are THE DEATH OF SOCIALISM? our Government to ask the United Nations to young prostitutes, peddling sex for SlO. The state also is abandoning market con­ release a portion of Iraq's frozen assets to NO EPIDEMIC-YET trols in hopes that the private sector can UNICEF. Iraq's plight poses a conundrum for the shore up this once-centralized economy. The sole purpose of this move would be to West as it debates continuing sanctions. Eco­ Each week brings new decrees, relaxing rules provide medical and humanitarian assistance nomic despair clearly sharpens discontent; it on import licenses or currency exchange. As to the Iraqi people, particularly its children. appears that most Iraqis blame Saddam Hus­ a result, Baghdad now teems with vendors The funds would be funneled through UNICEF sein, not the allies, for their country's col­ and hustlers. Even state food stores have so that the money would be used to feed and lapse. But because Iraqis feel powerless to spawned bazaars, with government workers change their regime, sanctions are admin­ buying goods at subsidized prices and then clothe hungry Iraqi citizens and not to fill up istering pain without any promise of a cure. reselling them at a 200% markup on the side­ the gas tank in Oday Hussein's black Porsche. "The embargo doesn't touch Saddam or the walk outside. After World War II, American troops occu­ people around him," says a Baghdad shop­ This sudden opening of the economy "is pied both Germany and Japan. We have nei­ keeper, lunching on cucumber and bread. the unannounced death of the socialist sys­ ther the ability nor the desire to do the same "All you are doing is starving us." tem of the Baath Party," says Dominique

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18549 Dufour, head of the Red Cross delegation in recently went to India and flew a plane-load a Baghdad auction house, buyers bid up to Iraq. "It's a free-for-all." of parts from there to Jordan. In Amman, he 12,000 dinars (about $1,500) for silk carpets Job security is one of the first casualties. has also contacted former supplier in Europe from Qom in Iran. "People are getting rich, At one downtown square, itinerant laborers and persuaded them to fill orders placed be­ and they want hard assets to put their crowd the curb each dawn, waving shovels to fore the crisis started last August. He has money in," says Mohamed Kasim, a carpet catch the eye of passing contractors. A year sent two truckloads to Baghdad and says dealer, who adds that business is booming. ago, this floating labor pool was almost ex­ Jordanian border guards have waved him Business also is brisk on the sidewalk out­ clusively African. Now it is predominantly through. side the auction house. Here, at an informal Iraqi. Estimates of unemployment range as But such ingenuity is limited by Iraq's bazaar that has sprung up over the past year, high as 20%. lack of hard currency. Foreign businessmen cash-strapped Iraqis are selling their house­ Clad in a faded Benetton shirt, tattered in Iraq, peddling food or renewing contacts hold possessions, often from the trunk or Reebok running shoes and an army cap, for the day sanctions are lifted, say Iraqis hood of their cars. Common items include Bassam Mohamed waits patiently for a mid­ are only offering Iraqi dinars or promises of dolls, steam irons, toasters, and picture day handout from a falafel shop beside the payment from now-frozen foreign assets. frames. Also available are TVs and radio-cas­ square. A welder by trade, he was drafted Diplomats say the government is towing settes looted from Kuwait and now into the army to serve in Kuwait and re­ unneeded equipment to the Iranian border to recirculating through the economy as Iraqis turned to find his foundry closed for lack of sell for dollars. try to raise cash. spare parts. Now he's lucky to earn SlO a Iraq is using what few resources it has to On Friday, Tariq Aram parked a baby car­ week hauling and digging, half his earlier patch its bomb-pummeled infrastructure. riage filled with kitchenware by the auction wage. "I'm still not sure," he says blankly, For a regime barely able to feed its citizens, house entrance. Encouraged by the quick "what happened to my life." and stripped of its military might, rebuilding sale of his pots and pans, Mr. Aram decided White-collar Baghdad is also in shock. is about the only way to publicly display to keep the carriage. "If things improve, I With salaries static, and the cost of many some progress to a dispirited populace. News­ want to have more babies," says the 40-year­ goods having soared 1,000% or more over the papers routinely carry photographs of work old engineer and father of three. past year, middle-class workers must drain crews repairing bridges and buildings, with If things don't improve, Mr. Aram plans to savings or take second jobs to survive. After captions such as "Trying hard to repair what leave Iraq. Since the lifting of travel restric­ dark, Baghdad's streets fill with gypsy cab­ aggressors have destroyed." Working round tions in May, Iraqis have begun flooding into drivers, many of them professionals or bu­ the clock and cannibalizing parts from idle Jordan, to shop and also to secure visas to reaucrats lucky enough to have serviceable plants, Iraq has gotten its utilities running. the West. With litle money and no family cars. "Each night, I pray to Allah that I In Baghdad, fountains are even operating, abroad, Mr. Aram knows his chances of don't get a flat," says Ahmed Abdul Hussein, and in outlying villages there is enough reaching the West are bleak. As a fallback, a moonlighting government economist. A power to keep Saddam Hussein portraits he's considering the one country that is ac­ new tire costs 400 dinars, 10 times the price floodlit through the night. tively seeking skilled Iraqis. a year ago and double Mr. Hussein's monthly But this rapid recovery is more apparent "Libya," he says. Chuckling grimly, Mr. salary. than real. With control panels destroyed, Aram wheels his baby carriage home through NO CHICKENS, NO DREAMS workers at some power stations are monitor­ the hot and crowded streets. Most Iraqis now are spending almost all ing turbines by ear, making accidents fre­ their income on food. While sanctions permit quent. Electricity and water, running at 30% food imports, Iraq can't export oil or get at to 40% of pre-war levels, are adequate only because Iraq's biggest consumer-industry­ TRIBUTE TO THE LATE FRANK its foreign assets to pay for adequate sup­ MOORE plies. With the size of state rations diminish­ is idle. And aid workers say capacity has ing, most families find that their monthly peaked; from now on, unless spare parts allotment lasts a week. So they must buy come in, services will inevitably run down. HON. GEORGE (BUDDY) DARDEN the rest on the open market, where prices WIDESPREAD CORRUPTION OF GEORGIA are spiraling so fast that many merchants To prevent a collapse of Iraq's infrastruc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have stopped marking their goods. ture, and of its food supply and health care, Out of an average salary of 50 dinars a a United Nations team just back from Bagh­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 week, Iraqis now must pay 18 dinars for a dad has recommended easing some strictures Mr. DARDEN. Mr. Speaker, today I rise to kilo of beef, up from 14 a week ago and one on Iraq. With limited oil exports and access pay tribute to Frank Moore of Cartersville, GA, dinar before the invasion of Kuwait. A kilo to foreign assets, Iraq could buy essential a respected Bartow County commissioner who of flour has risen 40-fold, to 4.5 dinars. Other food, medicine and spare parts. Otherwise, staples, such as chicken, have simply van­ aid groups warn, Iraq could yet face a catas­ passed away July 6. ished from the market. trophe as foreign relief funds dwindle. Commissioner Moore will long be remem­ Economizing is painful for Iraqis used to a But monitoring Iraq, to make sure it uses bered by members of the Cartersville commu­ comfortable urban lifestyle. Moayid Sayed its income on necessities, and distributes nity as a dedicated and responsible member says his wife recently started baking bread, goods and services fairly, could be impos­ of the Bartow County Commission. He was a but " the rolls are so hard, we can't cut it for sible. At a wholesale market in Saddam City leader to the young and old, and worked dili­ sandwiches." There also isn't much to put on last week, trucks unloaded hundreds of 50- gently in his position to enhance and encour­ them. With the household favorite, processed kilo bags of flour labeled "Gift from Can­ cheese, now costing 10 times what it did a ada." The flour, donated to Iraq by the age better services to the area. It was always year ago, the Sayeds dip their rolls in a tra­ World Food Program and intended for free a pleasure to work with Commissioner Moore ditional Bedouin mix of oil and herbs. distribution to orphans, war refugees and on projects of interest to Bartow County, and Mr. Sayed, like many Iraqis, also has jetti­ other needy Iraqis, is seeping onto the open I share the feelings of many Cartersville resi­ soned his career dreams. After a long army market, where it sells for 72 dinars a bag. dents when I say I will surely miss him. service, he opened a souvenir shop a year Foreign diplomats, and many Iraqis, say Commissioner Moore was first elected ago, but shut it recently because he could no corruption is rife at all levels of government. Bartow County Commissioner in 1980. He was longer afford the rent. Now he's living on his They add that the biggest beneficiaries in­ a member of First Baptist Church of savings and on handouts from his elderly fa­ clude Saddam Hussein's inner circle, who use ther until he finds other work. "For a 44- their dollars to stockpile goods that are then Cartersville and the John W. Akin Masonic year-old man, this is humiliating," he says. sold on the wildly inflated black market. Lodge. He was past president of the Associa­ Iraqis must scramble as well to keep cars Such profiteering means that many among tion of County Commissioners of Georgia, and and appliances running. At his car repair Iraq's elite-ostensibly the group most capa­ was active in Little League programs in shop, Mohamed Mahmoud has found that ble of dislodging Saddam Hussein-are not Bartow County through the years. Commis­ with a bit of grinding, some parts can be only insulated from the embargo, but actu­ sioner Moore served on the board of directors made to fit different makes. "I can use Lada ally profiting from it. They also are flaunt­ for the Georgia Department of Community Af­ parts to fix a Fiat," he says, "and a Mer­ ing their wealth. The five-star Rasheed Hotel cedes to fix a Toyota." He also has found is busy each night with lavish wedding par­ fairs, and was active in numerous community that his 40-year-old, Bombay-made grinder ties, and Saddam Hussein's son, Oday, fre­ programs in Cartersville and Bartow County. has an advantage over newer, computerized quently arrives in his black Porsche, wearing He is survived by his wife, Mary Lanier models." If it breaks, I don't need a professor a silk shirt and smoking a Havana cigar, to Moore; daughter and son-in-law, Melinda and to fix it," he says. visit the hotel's posh discotheque. Danny Gilreath, Cartersville; daughter, Vali SHORTAGE OF HARD CURRENCY BRISK BUSINESS IN CARPETS Moore, Cartersville; grandson, Tyler Gilreath; Some smuggling of spare parts is taking Conspicuous consumption sometimes oc­ parents, E.P. and Beulah Moore, Emerson; place. Naoom Harby, a truck parts supplier, curs side by side with conspicuous want. At and several nieces and nephews. 18550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Mr. Speaker, I would also like to share with which democratic and popular forces emerged Government has been lacking in its efforts. my distinguished colleagues a story in victorious, Armenia has proceeded toward For this reason we should seriously address Cartersville's The Daily Tribune News, which sovereignty within the terms of succession the injustice of forcing the destitute to pay nicely profiles Commissioner Moore's political stipulated by the Soviet constitution-the only costs for which they are not liable. We must career. Excerpts of the article follow: Soviet Republic to do so. Regrettably, the So­ be willing to show the elderly of this Nation "The three-term commissioner, first elect­ viets, using the Azerbaijanis as surrogates, that our actions are sincere and well intended. ed in 1980, last won re-election in 1988. Prior have resisted the democratization of Armenia A repayment of those medical costs for which to his election, he had served as Bartow every step of the way. they are not liable would go a long way in County clerk. As Armenia strives for indendence from the doing just that. Commissioner Moore, who had an open ear Soviet colossus, we, in the Congress, must and door to all Bartow County residents, will offer our strong and unequivocal support. We be remembered in the community for many must speak out against the deplorable tactics THE NAVY LEAGUE AND ITS RE­ reasons-one of which is the new county ad­ PORT ON DESERT SHIELD/STORM ministration building, currently under con­ used by the Soviets to purposefully make Ar­ struction, that will bear his name. menia's transition to democracy as difficult The county is currently undergoing a and burdensome as possible. HON. CHARLES E. BENNETI major building program with the construc­ Mr. Speaker, the actions of the Soviets and OF FLORIDA tion of five facilities, administration build­ the Azerbaijanis are nothing short of criminal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing, jail, two senior citizens facilities and a I call on those responsible for the violence Tuesday, July 16, 1991 health department, which were all spear­ against Armenians to cease these deplorable headed by the commissioner. Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to Moore was an advocate for both the youth actions and permit Armenia to move toward its recognize the Navy League of the United and elderly residents, having been a leader in democratic future. The time has come to put States for its comprehensive report on the per­ the Little League organization on the local an end to the undeclared and immoral war formance of our sea services in the Persian and at higher levels, as well as developing fa­ against Armenia and the Armenian people. Gulf war. This balanced report offered by a ci­ cilities for senior citizens in the community. vilian organization concisely reviews the in­ He served as an officer, including that of volvement of all U.S. maritime elements lead­ president, of the Association of County Com­ THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ing to the stunning successes of Operations missioners of Georgia. REPAY LOW-INCOME SENIORS Along with the physical changes being seen Desert Shield and Desert Storm. in the county as a result of the commis­ The Navy League has no superior as our sioner's leadership, the county underwent HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II Nation's staunchest supporter of the maritime other changes, including the adoption of a OF WEST VIRGINIA services-the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, Coast housing ordinance .and adoption of the coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Guard and merchant marine. The group was ty's land use map and zoning ordinance. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 chartered in 1902 by a group of New York ci­ Moore, who said on numerous occasions vilians concerned about our Nation's that he had the best interest of Bartow Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I was recently seapower. President Theodore Roosevelt was County at heart at all times, lead a success­ shocked to learn that the Federal Government an early proponent, donating a portion of his ful effort to institute the changes deemed had not informed low-income Medicare bene­ necessary. Nobel Peace Prize money to found the first In addition, he endorsed the establishment ficiaries that they may not be liable for their Navy League Council. Through wartime and of an ordinance allowing the selling of malt out of pocket health costs. The recently re­ peacetime, through times when the sea serv­ beverages and wines, worked toward updat­ leased report by Families, U.S.A. has caused ices had adequate funding and those with ing of county services, as well as making a brief fire storm of protest from many Mem­ funding shortfalls, the members of the Navy those and other services available to more bers of the House of Representatives. League have told the maritime story. residents throughout the county." Recently I joined with over 100 of my col­ The Navy League is an active, forward­ leagues in signing a joint letter to Dr. Louis thinking organization dedicated to ensuring the Sullivan, Secretary of the Department of quality of our sea services is maintained and THE TRAGIC PLIGHT OF THE Health and Human Services, expressing our recognized. It offers forums where community ARMENIANS IN THE SOVIET UNION distress with regard to the inaction of the De­ and military leaders enjoy a free exchange of partment. If is unfair to the disadvantaged to ideas. It sponsors the annual Sea-Air-Space HON. TOM I.ANTOS not make them aware of important benefits for Exposition in Washington-the world's largest. OF CALIFORNIA which they are eligible. It presents recognition awards to top sea serv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To address this issue I have introduced a ice performers and has established a scholar­ bill that would require the Federal Government Tuesday, July 16, 1991 ship fund. It sponsors the U.S. Naval Sea to reimburse those individuals that are quali­ Cadet Program, preparing young men and Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, I would like to fied Medicare beneficiaries [QMB's], but have women for sea service careers. call the attention of my colleagues to the plight not been notified of their eligibility. The bill is All of the Navy League's 75,000 members of the Armenians in the Soviet Union. designed to compensate poor individuals for a are civilians. They serve in 330 councils in the Over the weekend, yet another act of vio­ benefit that they should be rightfully receiving, United States and overseas. These councils lence was perpetrated by Azerbaijani forces­ as well as to provide an economic incentive form bonds with local sea service units, com­ apparently with the concurrence of Soviet offi­ for the Department of Health and Human mands, and recruiting districts, and provide cials-against Armenians living in the border Services to begin notifying people about this support tailored to local needs. region of Armenia and Azerbaijan. This latest important program. As educators first and foremost, Navy installment of brutality involves the use of heli­ Under the current law, State Medicaid funds Leaguers inform the public about our Nation's copters, tanks, and other armored vehicles to pay for the out-of-pocket medical costs of a dependence on maritime superiority. Through forcibly expel Armenians from villages where Medicare beneficiary enrolled as a QMB. Sea Power, the magazine of the Navy they have lived for generations and which are Since my bill require the Federal Government League, and reports like this, members are now within Azerbaijan. These actions rep­ to reimburse beneficiaries, the States will not kept abreast of issues affecting this country's resent a continuation of the repressive meas­ be burdened by undue costs to their Medicaid ability to maintain ocean superiority. I salute ures employed by Soviet and Azerbaijani offi­ funds. Additionally, this legislation stipulates the Navy League's efforts and their prepara­ cials as they attempt to thwart Armenia's that the individual is only eligible for reim­ tion of this report, which will also be reprinted movement toward a more free and democratic bursement if they make application within 60 in full in the September issue of Sea Power society. To date, more than 800 people have days of their notification of eligibility as a magazine. been killed in this troubled region since Feb­ QMB. I include here an excerpt from the report ruary 1988. If a State/Federal program is going to truly which discusses the situation in the gulf prior Within the past year, Armenia has made work toward serving the people, both govern­ to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and a summary of laudable strides in the direction of democracy. ments must hold up their end of the deal. In the role played by the U.S. Navy's active-fleet Since the referendum in August of last year, in the case of the QMB Program, the Federal combatant forces. July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18551 THE SEA SERVICES' ROLE IN DESERT SHIELD/ almost brand new Whidbey Island-class land­ CATHOLIC SCHOOLS IN AMERICA: STORM ing ships (dock) (LSD-41). But also present A LONG RECORD OF ACHIEVE­ The build-up of military forces which ulti­ were many whose ages must cause the MENT mately would be used to drive Iraqi forces Navy's leaders of tomorrow considerable con­ from Kuwait and to decimate Saddam Hus­ cern: four 33-year-old ammunition ships, six sein's ability to wage war against his Middle cruisers more than 25; all seven of its combat HON. GERALD B.H. SOLOMON Eastern neighbors took place amidst condi­ stores ships (AFS) whose average age is 24; OF NEW YORK tions unique in comparison with any pre­ three fast combat support ships (AOE), 23; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vious prelude to U.S. military action in our six amphibious assault ships (LPH), 26; 10 nation's history. Never before had there amphibious transport docks (LPD), 23, and Tuesday, July 16, 1991 been, and probably never again would there three ocean minesweepers (MSO), 27. But old Mr. SOLOMON. Mr. Speaker, I have come be, more than 30 modern air bases available, and new performed flawlessly, and only two across a feature in Time magazine which and in most instances ready, for use by both ships, Princeton (CG 59) and Tripoli (LPH 10), serves as a perfect affirmation for President combat and logistics aircraft. Never had suffered major damage, both from striking there been eight relatively new ports capable mines. Leader (MS0-490) sustained minor Bush's "America: 2000" educational package. of handling any and all U.S. military cargo. damage when she detonated a mine rel­ The feature was titled "Can Catholic Never had there been an unlimited supply of atively close astern. Iwo Jima (LPH 2) suf­ Schools Do It Better?" and the subsequent necessary petroleum products available in fered a high-pressure steam leak that cost answer, to no one's great surprise, was a re­ theater, free. And rarely had there been the lives of 10 of its crew, but repairs kept sounding yes. ready for use and under contract, close by, her fully operational. And Harry W. Hill (DD Mr. Speaker, whatever our religious affili­ highly capable shipyards with drydocks large 986) damaged her sonar dome, but because ations, we can all admit that for many genera­ enough to accommodate a Ticonderoga-class there was no submarine threat she was able tions our parochial schools have achieved out­ to ably carry out her Desert Storm mission. cruiser should they be needed for battle­ standing results in providing a superior edu­ damage repair. Basic communications links already in place, and the United States and cation at less cost than almost all public its allies would be ready for combat in an as­ A WOMAN FOR AL'L SEASONS school systems. Even non-Catholic parents tonishingly short time, given the vast dis­ have turned to the parochial schools to edu­ tances to be traveled before men and women HON. ROMANO L MAZZOLl cate their children. and their tools of war could be put in place. True, like many other institutions, our paro­ OF KENTUCKY Once combat began, there were many more chial schools have been facing their own fiscal "firsts": Tomahawk missiles silently and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES uncertainties and pressures. But parochial offi­ unerringly finding their way to their targets Tuesday, July 16, 1991 while spectators watched in amazement; cials have loudly applauded the America: 2000 "smart" bombs whose dead-center hits on Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, my community initiative. They recognize it as a program that their targets were watched by millions of TV of Louisville and Jefferson County experienced will encourage educational alternatives, while viewers around the world through the means a severe loss when Sister Janet Dougherty, it goes a long way in bringing America out of of film taken by the pilots who dropped cofounder and director of the Sister Visitors its educational malaise. them; uncannily accurate missiles being Center, announced her retirement at the end I enter the entire article in today's RECORD, fired at other missiles, and lighting up the of May. and urge all Members to read it: night sky when they intercepted them, and Sister Janet is a native of Massachusetts, aircraft undetectable by the enemy's radar CAN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS Do IT BETTER? which wreaked havoc with their weapons. but came to Louisville in 1954, where she (By Sam Allis Boston) At the same time, there was reliance upon taught at St. Thomas More Elementary School America's parochial schools have often weapons and techniques of yesteryear, fore­ and then became principal at St. Brigid School served as a reproach to the troubled public most among them being the 16" guns of the in Louisville's west end. ones in their communities. Unburdened by Navy's last two battleships, which fired more But, it was 22 years ago, Mr. Speaker, the bureaucracy and lethargy that bedevil than two million pounds of ordnance at Iraqi when Sister Janet Dougherty made her indel­ most big-city school systems, and with a tra­ targets in Kuwait, and the dogged search for ible mark on the community-service sector of dition of emphasizing discipline and aca­ and destruction of one of the oldest of weap­ demic rigor, they have generally been able to ons, enemy mines, by four U.S. minesweepers Louisville and Jefferson County. It was then Sister Janet cofounded the Sister Visitors turn out better graduates-while often and those of five other nations. But clearly spending less than half the money per pupil. paramount in the ultimate success of Desert Center in west Louisville which supplies the Now the Roman Catholic Church, worried Storm were a Navy organization tried and poor and needy with food, clothing, and guid­ about declining enrollments and hopeful -tested over the past decade, a logistics sys­ ance until more permanent, long-term aid can about the emerging political sentiment to tem in place and ready and enhanced by be found. The center is backed by other allow public school parents greater choice in more than 40 years of operational experience prominent charity organizations in the Louis­ where they send their kids, has launched the in the Middle East, and absolutely magnifi­ ville area, including the Archdiocese of Louis­ most extensive marketing campaign ever for cent performances by tens of thousands of ville, the Sisters of Charity, Dare To Care and its brand of education. Billboards, banners sea services men and women, regular and Re­ and posters will be blanketing the nation serve, afloat and ashore. the Kentucky Harvest. Sister Janet Dougherty will be so deeply with the message Discover Catholic Schools A glimpse of the contributions to the suc­ 1992. cess of Desert Storm of the respective ele­ missed because of her dynamic leadership, The Archdiocese of Chicago alone plans to ments of the overall sea services force is in her innovation, and her extreme piety. By all lease 50 billboards as part of the mammoth order. accounts, Sister Janet was a people person. promotion. Nationwide, each of the church's ACTIVE-FLEET COMBATANT FORCES She made it her mission to find those people 7,291 elementary schools and 1,296 high Of its active-fleet combatants and support who were not being attended to by existing schools will be asked to market an array of ships-carriers, submarines, battleships, services. She turned no one away in need of buttons, T shirts, pins, decals, posters, vid­ cruisers, destroyers, frigates, amphibious assistance, regardless of race, color, or creed. eos and banners that bear the logo of a proud ships, replenishment ships, and mine­ Mr. Speaker, Sister Janet is now home galleon slicing through the waves, its sail sweepers-124 participated in Desert Shield/ emblazoned with a giant cross. Kits will be Storm. They were a fascinating mixed bag of again in Massachusetts where she is continu­ sold that instruct local administrators on ships whose staying power was phenomenal; ing with her theological studies and spending how to place ads, write press releases and they were underway for months on end, on time with her family. Her spiritual presence choreograph a month-by-month promotional an average, 90 percent of the time in a truly and legacy, however, will remain with those campaign. Says Sister Ann Dominic Roach, forbidding operational environment. More whom she touched in the Louisville and Jeffer­ superintendent of schools for the Arch­ than half were in theater six months or son County community. diocese of Boston: "This is not business as more. Among them were some of the newest Mr. Speaker, I wish Sister Janet Dougherty usual." and the best: 11 Ticonderoga-class cruisers all best health and happiness in the years The campaign, which is designed to ignite (CG-47), of which nine were ready to fire ahead. My community's charity alliance is di­ the faithful as well as sell non-Catholics and Tomahawks; 10 Los Angeles-class sub­ political leaders on the excellence of paro­ marines, also Tomahawk armed and ready; minished by her absence. But, as a star chial schools, promotes them as "the best­ 12 modernized Spruance-class destroyers, one shines brightly in the distant sky, the accom­ kept secret in the U.S." This they are not-­ of which, Fife (DDG 991) fired the most plishments and love of Sister Janet Dougherty parochial schools have been part of U.S. edu­ Tomahawks, 58, at enemy targets, and four shine equally brilliant. cation since the mid-19th century, and cur- 18552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 rently serve 2.5 million children. The real se­ The parents of non-Catholic students, who hibiting his generous spirit of giving, Dr. cret is how these schools have been able to account for about 12 percent of enrollment, Hayashi took time to chair Sacramento City do more for less. In the austere '90s, their seem less worried about the religious in­ College's Advisory Committee during the cost-controlled quality and focus on fun­ struction their children may absorb than damentals could serve as a model for public about the absence of values in the public sys­ 1960's and was instrumental in helping orga­ school systems seeking to conquer the prob­ tem. This parental acceptance is largely the nize the school's dental assistant and dental lems of drugs, violence, lax standards and result of the self-selecting nature of paro­ hygiene programs. low morale. chial schools. Catholic administrators make In addition to his dedicated work in the den­ Statistical evidence of the parochial sys­ it clear in advance that their institutions tal profession, Dr. Hayashi was extremely ac­ tem's success is striking. James Coleman, a teach the tenets of the church. Parents com­ tive in community service organizations, espe­ University of Chicago sociologist, has found fortable with that arrangement are free to cially Lions International. Past president of the that Catholic high school students out­ apply. "I'm not Catholic, but we're all serv­ Senator Lions Club of Sacramento and district perform their public school counterparts in ing the same God," says Betty Pitts, a black reading, vocabulary, mathematics and writ­ parent of two children in Our Lady of governor of Lions International for 1969-1970, ing. The dropout rate in Catholic high Lourdes elementary school in Boston's Ja­ Dr. Hayashi was a key initiator of the Lions' schools was less than 4 percent, he discov­ maica Plain section. "When the children are Glaucoma Trailer Clinic and the Northern Cali­ ered, compared with more than 14 percent in grown, they'll make up their own minds." fornia Lions Sight Association, Inc. He was public schools. Black or Hispanic students Then why the marketing push now? For all also an unselfish supporter of the Japanese­ are three times as likely to graduate in four their advantages, parochial schools badly American Citizens League and a faithful mem­ years as their public school counterparts. need funds. They have lost half their stu­ ber of the Japanese United Methodist Church. Some 83 percent of the graduates go to col­ dents and 2,500 of their schools during the Dr. Hayashi is survived by this wife of 54 lege, in contrast to 52 percent of those from past 25 years as part of the general move­ public school. ment to suburbia. Inner-city schools are still years, the former Alice Kimiko Sakata; chil­ To some extent such comparisons are un­ vulnerable as working-class Catholics con­ dren, Robert H. Hayashi, M.D., of Ann Arbor, fair. The public systems are required to serv­ tinue to migrate to the suburbs. Moreover, Ml, Edwin M. Hayashi of Fresno, David K. ice, at tremendous cost, students with severe the cadre of women in religious orders who Hayashi of Minneapolis, and Sybil Miyamoto learning disabilities, physical handicaps and traditionally taught in Catholic schools con­ of Sacramento; brothers, Masao Ben Hayashi discipline problems. In addition, public tinues to decline, and lay teachers, often of Honolulu and T. Terry Hayashi, M.D., of schools must take everyone, whereas the with families, demand higher salaries. Pittsburgh; a sister, Florence Kinuko Ishibashi children in Catholic schools tend to be from By publicizing the advantages that paro­ of Chicago; and 12 grandchildren. I offer my chial schools can offer, the church hopes to families motivated to find them a good edu­ sincerest sympathy to his family and friends. cation. help a good system thrive once again. In the Even in the inner cities, Catholic schools process, by increasing a sense of competition We will all mourn the loss of such a generous have been successful in attracting-and edu­ for students and an awareness of the value of and well-respected man. cating-children from poor and minority a rigorous education, the campaign could fam111es willing to bear the cost. The sac­ even serve to spur the nation's public rifice is often heavy: high school tuitions can schools. TRIBUTE TO THE GREAT LAKES approach $4,000. Nevertheless, minority en­ SWEET ADELINES CHORUS rollment in the Catholic system is now 23 COMPARATIVE REPORT CARD percent of the total, double what it was 20 HON. DAVID E. BONI OR years ago. "When my son would come home New York City Public schools Cathol ic from public school, all he could talk about schools OF MICIIlGAN was who was fighting whom," recalls Laura Students ...... 956 ,616 110,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Williams, a black Baptist whose three chil­ Student-to-teacher ratio: Elementary and middle ...... 28:1 24:1 Tuesday, July 16, 1991 dren have attended the Academy of St. Bene­ High school ...... 30:1 18:1 dict the African on Chicago's South Side. Percentage of students who graduated on Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to How do the Catholic schools do it? Mostly time ...... 38 99 pay tribute to the Great Lakes Sweet Adelines Students in special-education classes .... . 119,858 100 by practicing and preaching old-fashioned Spending per student ...... $7,107 $1.735 Chorus who represented the State of Michigan stuff: values, discipline, educational rigor Average teacher salary ...... $39,136 $22,550 in the National Independence Day Festival Administrators at headquarters ...... 3,930 and parental accOUJ.ltab111ty, coupled with 33 and Parade in Washington DC. minimal bureaucracy. " Catholic schools have had to make a virtue out of necessity," Often referred to as the "ambassadors of explains Archbishop Francis Schulte of New harmony," the Great Lakes Chorus is a 90- Orleans. "These institutions have had to A TRIBUTE TO DR. AKIO HAYASHI member women's chorus, headquartered in think and act creatively for decades to Sterling Heights, Ml. The members of the cho­ stretch small budgets." HON. ROBERT T. MATSUI rus range in ages from 18 to 82 and represent It adds up to what Coleman calls "social OF CALIFORNIA all walks of life. The one thing they share is capital," a combination of qualities that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the joy of singing. public schools simply can't match. At a time Since the chorus' inception in 1959, they when fam111es and neighborhoods are being Tuesday, July 16, 1991 have been dedicated to promoting good will ripped apart, the Catholic Church often an­ Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in chors an institutional network on which par­ through the universal language of the arts. ents, teachers and children can depend. The deep sorrow to advise you that an outstanding They are one of 650 choruses that belong to schools provide more personal attention to citizen of Sacramento and a dear friend, Dr. Sweet Adelines International, a nonprofit, non­ students-and to parents. Single-parent fam­ Akio Hayashi, has recently passed away. Dr. discriminatory, worldwide women's organiza­ ilies in particular gain from the parochial Hayashi made numerous contributions to the tion that promotes music education and per­ approach. Children from such homes are Sacramento community and the State of Cali­ formance skills. twice as likely to drop out of public schools fornia and he will be sorely missed. The group prides itself on its professional­ as those from two-parent families; in Catho­ Dr. Hayashi was a generous man who gave ism, harmony, and contagious enthusiasm. lic schools the rate for children from both of himself in many ways. After earning his types of families is about the same. They have become an acknowledged leader in Catholic educators are proud that their in­ doctorate of dentistry from the University of the barbershop community by preserving bar­ stitutions eschew the shopping-mall ap­ California School of Dentistry in San Fran­ bershop harmonies for the people of Michigan. proach they see in public high schools, where cisco, Dr. Hayashi started a private practice in Their exciting and intricate choreography en­ students shop around for courses among end­ Walnut Grove, CA. There, Dr. Hayashi started abled them to place eighth in the international less electives. Their high schools rountinely a Boy Scout troop for Japanese-Americans chorus competition in Salt Lake City, UT in offer fewer electives and require a heavier before returning to Sacramento in 1936. Al­ October 1990. They also were last year's re­ load of basics than do inner-city public ways committed to the duties of citizenship, gion 2 champion and made a historic appear­ schools: four years of English; three years or Dr. Hayashi faithfully served as an Army den­ more of math; three years of science, foreign ance at New York City's Carnegie Hall in June language and social science; and at least one tist during the Second World War. In addition, 1990. year of computer science. Students must Dr. Hayashi was a fellow of the International Under the able direction of Ms. Lee show proficiency in a course before they can College of Dentistry and an honorary member Balaguer-Davison, the Great Lakes Chorus move up a grade. Period. of the Sacramento County Dental Society. Ex- has continued to share their joy of singing and July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18553 performing in the barbershop style with music 50TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY OF I insert the letter and the names of my col­ lovers and art patrons everywhere. Perhaps MARTIN AND HELEN CIESIELCZYK leagues who joined me in signing it in the Ms. Balaguer-Davison's inspiration has taught RECORD. the group to "go for it, no matter what it takes HON. WIWAM 0. LIPINSKI HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, and learn from it, no matter what the results." OF ILLINOIS Washington, DC, May 28, 1991. I know with this in mind the Great Lakes Cho­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His Excellency v ACLA v HAVEL, rus will have thoroughly enjoyed participating President of the Czech and Slovak Republic, Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Presidential Palace-Hracany, Prague, in the National Independence Day Festival Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it gives me Czechoslovakia. and Parade, and I know those in attendance great pleasure to bring to the attention of my DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: We were extremely must have equally enjoyed the group's per­ colleagues an exemplary couple from the 5th disturbed and dismayed by the reports that formance. Congressional District of Illinois, Martin and your government is involved in negotiating the sale of tanks to Syria and Iran. Mr. Speaker, it is with great pleasure that I Helen Ciesielczyk, on the occasion of their Arms sales to those two countries would be recognize these ambassadors of harmony on 50th wedding anniversary. They were married a grave error because both governments have the floor of the House. We were proud to have at Mary Queen of Heaven Church in Cicero, IL a long-standing record of supporting inter­ them represent the State of Michigan on the on July 19, 1941, and are a role model of the national terrorism. Furthermore, any arms 21 Sth anniversary of our independence. I am family strength and solidity which has made sales to the Middle East in the aftermath of America great. the recent Gulf War should only be consid­ confident that they will continue to share their ered in light of broad international efforts to joy of singing, preserving an integral part of Martin and Helen have lived in the Chicago area all their lives. Mr. Ciesielczyk worked for control arms sales in that region. our culture. Under its previous communist government, Peerless Jewelry Co. for 45 years, and Mrs. Czechoslovakia had an extremely negative Ciesielczyk worked at Western Electric Co. international reputation because of large­ before she had children and Sunbeam Electric scale arms sales to countries which contrib­ A TRIBUTE TO HAL WATKINS OF Co. after her children were grown. In addition, uted to global tensions and the undermining CAMARILLO, CA Mr. Ciesielczyk served our country for four of democratic governments in a number of years during World War II. While in the army, areas. It would be most unfortunate if the Martin achieved the rank of staff sergeant and new democratically elected government of HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO was honored with several ribbons and medals. the Czech and Slovak Republic continued The Ciesielczyk's raised three wonderful that same irresponsible and counter-produc­ OF CALIFORNIA tive policy. children: Martin, Jr., Carol, and Barbara. All We urge you in the strongest terms not to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES three have married and started families of proceed with this arms sale. their own. Martin and Helen now enjoy four Tom Lantos, Chester G. Atkins, Frank Tuesday, July 16, 1991 grandchildren. Nicole, Julie, Christine, and Horton, Robert J. Lagomarsino, Wil­ liam Lehman, Barney Frank, Barbara Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, it is with Kimberly. During their retiring years, they are looking forward to spending time with each F. Vucanovich, Raymond J. McGrath, great, personal sadness that I rise today to Jim Jontz, Dick Swett, Gerry Sikorski. honor my friend, the late Hal Watkins of other and their family. They find much pleas­ ure in watching their grandchildren grow. Ronald V. Dellums, Michael J. Kopetski, Camarillo, CA, who died on Wednesday, July Their commitment to each other and their Anthony C. Beilension, James A. Trafi­ 10, after a long illness. I want to extend my cant, Jr., Nita M. Lowey, Ronald K. family is impressive and deserving of special Machtley, William 0. Lipinski, James deepest sympathies to his wife, Vi; his sons, recognition and honor. I am sure that my col­ Craig and Gary; and his four grandchildren, H. Scheuer, Barbara Boxer, Gary L. leagues join me in congratulating Martin Ackerman, Frank Pallone, Jr., George Courtney, Rory, Brittney, Alana, and all of his Ciesielczyk and his bride of 50 years, Helen, J. Hochbrueckner, William E. Danne­ friends and family. on their many years of love and commitment. meyer, Michael R. McNulty. Mr. Watkins, the son of a bread May their life together continue to be refresh­ Peter H. Kostmayer, Michael Bilirakis, deliveryman, built an auto empire in Camarillo ing and offer them many more pleasant Thomas M. Foglietta, Lawrence J. Smith, James H. Bilbray, Charles B. and Oxnard out of hard work and determina­ memories. Rangel, Richard H. Stallings, Henry A. tion. His success as a car salesman was more Waxman, Mel Levine, Martin Frost, than matched by his belief in giving to the Robert T. Matsui, Jolene Unsoeld, John community. CONGRESSIONAL OPPOSITION TO Edward Porter. CZECHOSLOVAKIA'S PLANNED Joseph P. Kennedy, II, Rick Santorum, Mr. Watkins served as the director of the SALE OF TANKS TO SYRIA AND Bill Paxon, Howard L. Berman, Thom­ Ventura County Council of Boy Scouts for 16 IRAN as J. Manton, Vic Fazio, Benjamin L. years before becoming ill in 1987. He helped Cardin, Ben Erdreich, Dennis E. Eck­ raise an estimated $50,000 for the group be­ HON. TOM LANTOS art, Edward J. Markey. tween 1972 and 1979 by organizing annual OF CALIFORNIA Members of Congress. automobile auctions for their benefit. In 1975, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the year he served as the president of the Boy Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Scouts, he donated a building to the group for BUY AMERICAN WEEK 1991 its meetings. Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, as my col­ leagues in the Congress are aware, Czecho­ HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II Mr. Watkins' involvement with the youth of slovakia recently was involved in negotiating Ventura County did not end here. OF WEST VIRGINIA the sale of tanks to Syria and Iran. Those re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES His relationship with the Oxnard Union High ports are extremely disturbing. Given the vola­ School District spanned 17 years. Mr. Watkins tile nature of the Middle East in the aftermath Tuesday, July 16, 1991 donated 89 cars to the Oxnard Union High of the Gulf War, the sale of such military hard­ Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, yesterday I intro­ School district for its drivers training program. ware to Syria and Iran would certainly have a duced House Joint Resolution 299, which will declare the week of September 2, 1991 "Buy Mr. Watkins was also a fundraiser for the destabilizing effect on the region. Mr. Speaker, opposition in Congress to American Week." The importance of buying St. John's Regional Medical Center Humani­ Czechoslovakia's sale of tanks to Syria and American-made products and the positive im­ tarians and a member of the Rotary Club, of Iran-two nations that have a longstanding pact that such purchasing habits will have on which he was president in 1971. Mr. Watkins record of supporting international terrorisnr­ the economy of the United States, should not was a past director of the Oxnard Chamber of runs wide and deep. Subsequently, 47 of my be underestimated. I feel that it is only appro­ Commerce as well. colleagues joined me in signing a letter to priate to associate a week that will focus the His dedication to helping others endeared President Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia Nation's attention on buying American-made him to the community and he will be sorely urging him to reconsider this unfortunate pol­ goods with Labor Day, the day we set aside missed by all. icy. to honor the American worker. 18554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Although products made by American work­ AIRCRAFT: the Air Force and the Navy on these mis­ ers are often more costly than those made by THE SEA SERVICES' ROLE IN DESERT SHIELD/ sions generally was outstanding. their counterparts in other countries, it is for a STORM This air campaign also marked the first time in combat for the five aircraft: Navy F- good reason. Laborers in the United States At the time of the President's decision to 14A+ fighters, the C and D versions of the F/ are better compensated for their efforts. They move forces to the Middle East, only Navy A-18, the Marines' AV--aB attack aircraft, are also protected by minimum wage restric­ aircraft were there to provide combat mis­ and the Navy's HH-60H strike rescue heli­ tions, unemployment compensation, work­ sions if needed, and perhaps were the reason copters. Av--aBs flew from both land and sea, men's compensation, safety considerations, Saddam Hussein halted his armored columns effectively utilizing the decks of two am­ and other benefits that cause the products on the Saudi Arabian border with Kuwait. phibious assault ships as well as airfields But by the time the air assault began on 17 ashore. But the most frustrated of all the they make to be more costly. Foreign workers January, 80 percent of the aircraft in theater do not enjoy such protection and are often Navy and Marine aviators were F-14 pilots were land based. Ultimately Navy and Ma­ who for the most part simply could not find forced to work for under $1 an hour. rine aircraft flew roughly 20 percent of the an enemy to engage. A number of Iraqi MIGs American workers, though, are also con­ missions prescribed in the Central Com­ were sighted by pilots, but they elected to sumers. They purchase cars, clothes, and mand's Air Tasking Order, that directive turn away rather than face the F-14s in com­ other commodities. They send their kids to which set forth each day's planned air oper­ bat. Eventually many would seek sanctuary ation. But in addition, Navy aircraft flew an­ in Iran and take themselves out of the war. college just like you and I. The money they other 5 percent, some for intelligence gather­ make is put back into our economy. Foreign From October through late May, six MH- ing, some for electronic jamming, other for 53E minesweeping helicopters had flown 3,386 workers do not contribute to the economy of fleet defense. Further, because of their dis­ hours; minesweeping gear was towed 1,455 the United States in the same way. tances from targets-500 miles as an average hours. Each aircraft averaged some 70 hours In fact, the United States has tremendous for aircraft flying from carrier in the Red a month in the air, with no personnel casual­ deficits with most of the countries with which Sea, 250 miles for those flying from the Per­ ties or aircraft lost, a highly credible per­ we have trade relations. While American con­ sian Gulf carriers-tanking was required formance in a demanding environment with coming and going, and as a result times aloft sumers are spending their dollars on products an equally demanding mission. were long indeed. Land-based aircraft, with Marine AH-lW Sea Cobra helicopters also made in Japan, China, and Germany, people the exception of the F-117 stealth fighters, were most effective on combat missions and in these countries do not have the same op­ which were based well behind the forward particularly in support of the Marine assault portunity to purchase merchandise made in line bases, were flying only 100-150 miles to on Iraqi ground forces when the ground cam­ America. their targets. The workhorses among Navy paign commenced. American businesses also contribute to this and Marine aircraft were F/A-18s, with al­ A scintillating collective performance that most 9,500 missions flown with but three country's economy. They provide jobs for went almost completely unnoticed by the losses one in combat. Also a bulwalk of the media, although not by those who benefitted Americans, pay truces, and contribute to the air assault were the venerable A-6s, which daily from their skills and stamina, was that social security and unemployment funds. For­ with Air Force F-llls, and a hand-full of F- of the CH-46 pilots flying resupply missions eign companies, which merely export their 15s were the only all-weather aircraft in the­ from their replenishment ships. Going a.loft goods to the United States, do not have the ater. Many of their almost 5,000 missions in 25-year-old aircraft which certainly a.re same kind of impact on our economy which were flown when other aircraft were ground­ the workhorses of the Navy's helicopter American companies do. ed because of foul weather. Four A-6s were fleet, during Desert Shield/Storm they lost in combat; another was a non-combat logged 20,000 accident-free flying hours, a Another factor to consider is the quality of loss. phenomenal performance. products. American-made goods are high Helping to clear the way for the more than The absence of Navy film footage showing quality goods which reflect the pride Ameri­ 1,00 Navy and Marine strike aircraft were weapons striking targets precisely where cans take in their work and in their country. EA-6Bs which blinded enemy radars and de­ aimed gave rise to speculation that Navy air­ American workers have more incentive to stroyed many critical sites with their HARM craft lacked "smart bombs." On the con­ produce superior merchandise because they (high-speed, anti-radiation) missiles. Of all trary, Navy aircraft were armed with, and are producing for themselves and their neigh­ the HARMs fired during the air assault, pilots did use effectively, laser-guided bors. Navy aircraft accounted for more than 80 bombs. What was lacking was a.cross-the­ percent. So vital to the success of attack board capability to film their trajectories, a All Americans have to be made aware of missions were EA-6Bs that a number of Air tactical oversight which the Navy plans to the importance of purchasing American-made Forces and Navy strike were scrubbed be­ correct. goods. Buying American provides jobs for cause they weren't available to jam and/or American workers, boosts American busi­ knock out key sites. Meanwhile, E-2C nesses, and strengthens the U.S. economy. earlywarning and 8-3 and P-3C ASW aircraft TRIBUTE TO COL. JOHN F. "JACK" "Buy American Week" is one step in raising combined with Air Force AWACS planes to DONAHOE this awareness and putting the U.S. economy monitor Iraqi planes and provide airborne traffic control. 8-3s and P-3s also patrolled back on the right track. the shipping lanes, with specially configured HON. ROBERT T. MA~UI It is my hope that all of my colleagues will P-3Es providing electronic reconnaissance. OF CALIFORNIA join me in recognizing the American worker in An 8-3B on a reconnaissance mission in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this most appropriate way. northern Persian Gulf became the first air­ craft of that type to engaged and destroy a Tuesday, July 16, 1991 hostile vessel using high-altitude bombing Mr. MATSUI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to techniques. Guided by an Aegis cruiser, it pay tribute to Col. John F. "Jack" Donahoe, NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIR OP­ pinpointed the position of a high-speed pa­ an outstanding citizen who has dedicated over ERATIONS IN DESERT SHIELD/ trol craft and sank it. 25 years of service to the United States and STORM REPORTED BY NAVY Although most attack missions were flown is leaving California after a remarkable tenure LEAGUE against targets in northern Iraq, in the first three weeks of the air assault Navy pilots as commander of the Sacramento Army also contributed greatly to the annihilation Depot. HON. CHARLFS E. BENNETI of the Iraqi Navy, sinking and/or disabling Colonel Donahoe was born in Boston, MA in many of its missile gunboats, minewseepers, 1943. Having a talent for science, he attended OF FLORIDA and patrol craft. Boston Technical High School and in 1966 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The availability of tanker aircraft was earned a B.S. from Northeastern University. critical to the success of Navy missions in Always a hard worker, Jack then earned a Tuesday, July 16, 1991 the air campaign, since the longer missions commission with the U.S. Army through the Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, I would like to required refueling en route to and from tar­ Reserve Officers Training Corp and completed publish at this point the Navy League's report get areas. In providing that vital service, Air the signal officers basic course at Fort Gordon Force aircraft excelled. As one carrier air­ on Navy and Marine Corps air support in wing commander observed: "We simply and the Airborne School at Fort Benning. Desert Shield/Storm. The entire report will be couldn't have done it without them." Rarely For his outstanding service with the 198th printed in the September issue of the Navy were there occasions when tanker aircraft Light Infantry in Vietnam Colonel Donahoe League's Sea Power magazine. were not available, and cooperation between was awarded both a Bronze Star and a Purple July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18555 Heart. He completed the signal officers career from the courage of our troops, we draw inspi­ In the 1970's an International Plaza rep­ course in 1972 and was assigned to the 82d ration from the mothers who organized family resented various countries. This decade paid Airborne Division. In 1976 Jack was once support groups * * * the companies who set tribute to the expanding world of the agricul­ again assigned to serve abroad, this time in up special satellite links to send messages to tural central coast. A record $101,339.53 was Turkey where he served as chief, Tele­ the troops * * * the school children who have raised during the 9-hour junior livestock auc­ communications and Operations Branch. Flu­ written cards and sent care packages. Every­ tion, the first time the $100,000 mark had ent in German, Colonel Donahoe reported to one in this community has done their part. been passed. In 1976, Jody Marshal of Germany in 1982 and commanded the 51 st You have all done us proud. Lompoc and Violo Buono of Santa Maria be­ Signal Battalion, VII Corps. He completed his This is a moment of great national pride. came the first women to be named to the fair tour by serving with the U.S. Military Com­ We are not a nation that seeks war. Our goal board. mand, Berlin. is peace. But, when asked to pay the price for Like many other public entities, the fair In 1987 Colonel Donahoe assumed com­ peace, we have drawn courage from the men began the 1980's decade in a financial pinch mand of the Sacramento Army Depot. As the and women who carried our flag so bravely in but managed to pull through and begin a 5- depot commander, Jack demonstrated a deep the gulf. We stand by them now-and we year construction program to improve facilities. respect for his employees and oversaw many must continue to stand by them as they are An addition to the facility was the Frank extremely effective programs. Under his lead­ returning home. Marciel Pavilion. Throughout the history of the ership, the Sacramento Army Depot was the We should take some time to honor our fair, 4-H and Future Farmers of America first organization within depot support com­ Vietnam veterans as well. This honor is long members have displayed their dedication, hard mand to award a contract to the National In­ overdue. We knew whom to call upon, but for­ work, creativity and commitment to agricultural dustry for Severely Handicapped. The Depot's got whom to thank. Let all of us here pledge pursuits. Agricultural leadership awards honor­ Value Engineering Program saved $4.39 mil­ that we will never, never make the mistake of ing farmer, livestock producer and agri­ lion and was noted as one of DESCOM's fin­ neglecting our veterans again. business persons of the year began in 1985 est for the fiscal years 1989, 1990, and 1991. Let us remember the pride and the sense of under the leadership of Ernest Righetti. 1991 The Total Quality Management Program was purpose Operation Desert Storm instilled in agricultural award winners include: Steve Jor­ a finalist for the prestigious Office of Manage­ us. America and its allies have shown the dan, Lompoc, "Farmer of the Year;" Lamar ment and Budget Quality Improvement Proto­ world the power of democracy. Let us capture Johnston, Cuyama, "Livestock Producer of the type Award and received the President's this spirit and fight for democracy here at Year;" and Williams Brothers Markets, "Agri­ Council for Management Improvement Man­ home. Our greatest challenges are before us business of the Year." agement Excellence Award. Jack also resided and we will overcome them-America will get This year the Santa Barbara County Fair over the depot during the Desert Storm/Desert better, Amercia will get stronger-let the cour­ runs 10 days from June 28 through July 7. Shield operations. He made sure that the age of our troops inspire us all. The 1991 fair intends to "Celebrate A Cen­ depot provided strong support for both the tury" of fun, entertainment, and education. troops abroad and their loved ones at home. Independence Day will begin with a special Clearly, Colonel Donahoe's leadership will be SANTA BARBARA COUNTY FAIR-A Saiute to Desert Storm soldiers to honor the sorely missed in Sacramento. CENTURY OF EXCELLENCE return of heroic United States military men and Mr. Speaker, I ask that my colleagues join women involved in the Persian Gulf. Linda me in saluting Col. Jack Donahoe and in ex­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO Rondstadt headlines a special program for the tending he and his family our best wishes in OF CALIFORNIA Fourth of July evening along with a spectacu­ their future endeavors. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lar fireworks display which takes place in the Minetta Arena. The Santa Barbara County Fair Tuesday, July 16, 1991 boasts a history of outstanding shows, exhib­ TRIBUTE TO ALL OF OUR VETER­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I rise its, community support, and professional en­ ANS AND TO THE SOLDIERS OF today to recognize the Santa Barbara County tertainment. Its "Celebrate a Century" theme OPERATION DESERT STORM Fair's centennial anniversary. In March 1891, is well deserved. the 37th District Agricultural Association of HON. DAVID E. BONIOR California was formed with the approval of the OF MICHIGAN California Legislature. The first annual Santa SWEARING IN OF KENTUCKIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Maria Valley Fair was held September 1-4 of MARINE PLATOON that year. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 In 1928, the exposition's name was officially HON. ROMANO L MAZZOU Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to changed to "The Santa Barbara County Fair." OF KENTUCKY pay tribute to our veterans, and particularly to Parachutists were the main feature that year. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thank the men and women who served in Op­ As The Los Angeles Times put it, "There is eration Desert Storm. They were being recog­ more to be seen in three hours than could be Tuesday, July 16, 1991 nized in Port Huron, Ml, on July 4th for their told about in ten columns here." Admission in Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I had the dis­ efforts on behalf of us all. 1928 was 25 cents. tinct honor and privilege to swear in the 55- I would like to congratulate all those who The opening day attendance in 1930 was person Kentuckiana Marine Platoon on July 4 participated in July 4th's rally. I am sorry I was 4,850. In the 1930's, airplanes were as much at Cardinal Stadium in Louisville, KY. The unit, unable to be with you in person. It is an honor an attraction as the fair exhibits themselves. In comprised of Kentucky and southern Indiana to salute our men and women who have 1944, the first fair to be held since the sum­ residents, will leave next month for Boot Camp served our country so valiantly. Our recent vic­ mer of 1941 offered more than $50,000 in at Parris Island, SC. tory in the Persian Gulf clearly shows the re­ cash premiums. That year, the First Annual I have participated in all types of cere­ solve of American soldiers. Elks Recreation Foundation Wild West Show monies before, Mr. Speaker. This induction The war in the gulf has been hard fought and Rodeo was held. The rodeo is a major at­ ceremony, however, had a little extra pull on and bravely won. America has spoken with traction to this day. After the disruption by my heart for two reasons. First, it was Fort one voice. We have stood behind our troops World War II, the Santa Barbara County Fair Knox Appreciation Day at Cardinal Stadium 100 percent. We are proud of our victory. We continued at its present location, Stowell Road where the Triple-A Louisville Redbirds play. are especially proud of the men and women and Thornburg in Santa Maria, CA. The men and women of Fort Knox always play who put their lives on the line to win. Our The fair facilities expanded during the a significant role in the military welfare of this troops were sent to the Middle East to battle 1950's, a decade of prosperity. In 1956, live­ Nation. In the afterglow of Operation Desert a ruthless dictator-they have done their job stock records at the time saw $3.25 per pound Storm, it seems one day is not enough to ex­ with all their heart and soul. for the championship lamb. In 1966, the new tend our love, affection, and praise to them. Let us not forget the families and friends of convention center was completed just in time The second aspect that struck me, Mr. our soldiers who have given so much. They to house the fashions and home furnishings Speaker, was the youthful exuberance of too are our heroes. Just as we draw strength show at the fair. these young recruits. When I chatted with 18556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 them, I could see and sense their pride in 1959, citizens of the United States have par­ team that would uphold (and still is uphold­ America and their determination to protect her ticipated in ceremonies and activities support­ ing) United Nations sanctions against Iraq interests. They embodied this renaissance in ing the self-determination of peoples through­ by intercepting ships which might have con­ how Americans view the military after Desert out the world. At no time, however, has this tained cargo for that country. As of early Storm-with pride, joy, and optimism. June, 10,733 had been intercepted, an average issue become more urgent than it is today. of more than 30 a day. Many of the ships I would like to salute Maj. David J. Breen, In the past half-century, captive nations intercepted there were seeking to enter the the commandant of the Marine recruiting sta­ have looked to the United States as a citadel Gulf of Aqaba, with their ultimate destina­ tion in Louisville, and his three key assistants, of freedom and a leader in bringing about their tion the Jordanian port of Al Aqabah. More S. Sgt. Drew Milburn, S. Sgt. Donna S. Alcorn, liberation and independence. However, the than 90 percent of the intercepts took place and Sgt. Stephen E. Grimes for their leader­ United States, once a captive nation itself in the Red Sea. More than 1,500 ships would ship in recruiting these young Americans and within the British Empire, has been overly cau­ be boarded, many after stubborn chases and for arranging the July 4 ceremony. tious in recognizing the independence of such shots across bows finally brought vessels to Mr. Speaker, I am asking permission to in­ nations as Georgia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slove­ a halt, and 92 would be diverted to other ports. Often boardings would have to be sert here the names of the 55 recruits whose nia, Tibet, and the Baltic republics. The time made from helicopters, with boarders sliding dedication, strength, and patriotism will make has come to replace rhetoric with action. down lines onto ships' decks. With sanctions Kentucky, Indiana, and the Nation proud. A more aggressive policy should be formu­ still in place, intercepts still are being made. KENTUCKIANA PLATOON ROSTER OF lated, one which champions multiparty elec­ Frigates also were active in assualts on PERSONNEL tions, the establishment of free-market econo­ Iraqi-held Kuwaiti islands that returned mies, and the withdrawal of foreign military them to Kuwaiti control. Nicholas (FFG 47) Marine Corps Recruiting Office, Lou­ captured 23 Iraqi sailors, the first enemy isville: Maj. David J. Breen, S. Sgt. and political forces. Freedom and diversity should also be maintained in the ethnic, cul­ prisoners of war taken, during such a raid. Drew Milburn, S. Sgt. Donna S. Alcorn The 13 submarines, which included a one­ and Sgt. Stephen E. Grimes. tural, linguistic, and religious spheres. Only time SSBN now 29 years old and converted to then, in the words of the resolution, will "the MARINE CORP RECRUITS attack submarine and to carrier of two dry­ desire for liberty and independence by the dock shelters from which swimmer-delivery From Louiville, KY: William R. Page overwhelming majority of the people of these vehicles (SDVs) can be launched, operated at III, Christopher A. Goodin, Christopher submerged nations [constitute] a powerful de­ will in the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, A. Kehrur, Jackie E. Sims, Larry J. terrent to war and one of the best hopes for gathering useful intelligence on ship move­ Menendex, Christopher L. Carr, Robert a just and lasting peace." ments and other activities thoughout those B. Long, Timothy A. Oyler, William K. In 1776, our Founding Fathers asserted in bodies of water. But when hostilities com­ Haydon, David C. Payne, David E. Tan, menced, they were there as part of the stike the Declaration of Independence the basic force, and two launched Tomahawks against Drumonda L. Simpson, Anthony S. rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness Iraqi targets. Young, Gary L. Robey, Julius W. for all American citizens. These are rights to The 43 amphibious ships, excluding the two Lumpkins, and Paul A. Olges. which all people are entitled, and are not re­ command ships, which participated in Desert From Lexington, KY: Bradley N. served solely for Americans. I hope that the Shield and Desert Storm-73 percent of all Johnson, John G. Wilson, Gary A. coming year will witness the release of all cap­ such ships in the Navy-were among the Smith, Jr., Kevin D. Gullett, Donald G. tive nations and the flourishing of freedom and busiest in the international armada. They Gabbard, James E. Baldwin, and Mark democracy around the globe. and their 18,000 embarked Marines prepared F. Holthaus. for amphibious assaults, if and when called From London, KY: Johnny R. upon, with practice forays along the .Omani and Saudi Arabian coasts, assisted in Mcknight, Jr., Dennis L. Greer, Mi­ NAVY LEAGUE'S CHRONOLOGY OF boardings and searches of merchantmen chael V. Kersey, Randy Strunk, Bryan THE NAVY IN DESERT SHIELD/ whose uncooperative masters provoked more E. Shelby, and Dane E. Lambdin. STORM forcible measures, provided support for the From Hopkinsville, KY: Jamie D. many successful raids on Iraqi-held Kuwaiti Halter, David R. Rodrequez, Jr., and HON. CHARLFS E. BENNETI islands, and with their active presence posed Allan R. Korb. such a threat to Iraqi forces defending the OF FLORIDA Kuwaiti coast that 7-11 divisions were kept From Paducah, KY: Gregory E. Bur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gess, Cliff R. Dalton, and Jonathan J. waiting for the invasion that never came. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Their deceit was masterful, and as TV Poe. screens dramatically emphasized after Ku­ From Bowling Green, KY: Jason B. Mr. BENNETI. Mr. Speaker, the Navy wait was liberated, it paid dividends in the Wilson, Christopher A. Trosper, Kevin League's report "The Sea Services' Role in form of tons of weapons and munitions that D. Jenkins, and Ralph D. Phelps. Desert Shield/Storm" chronicled the role never got to be used against coalition forces. From Clarksville, IN: Bryan D. Glov­ played by the Navy's forward-deployed carrier But for that force, that wasn't all. Many er, Scott A. Jump, Kirk D. Sparks, Eric battle groups in the second segment of its re­ became part of a five-month vigil off Monro­ L. Henson, Dale L. Adkins, and Chris­ port as follows. The entire report will be print­ via, the war-torn capital of Liberia, during topher L. Tedesco. ed in the September issue of the Navy which thousands of Americans and other for­ eign nationals were evacuated and Marines From Evansville, IN: Loren L. Rod­ League's "Sea Power" magazine. ensured the continued safety of the Amer­ gers, Darren S. Byers, Toby D. Shaw II, THE SEA SERVICES' ROLE IN DESERT SHIELD/ ican embassy. That vigil, which commenced Mark C. Hall, Stephen J. Carr, Jon M. STORM in August, finally ended in January. While it Williams, Anthony J. Cutone III, Brian First on the scene, as the nation had come was going on, another small amphibious task S. Byrne, Kenneth V. Gamblin, and to expect by virtue of countless other similar force, in response to an emergency request Christopher M. McBride. arrivals in trouble spots worldwide in the al­ from the U.S. ambassador to Somalia, sailed most five decades since the end of World War for that nation's capital. Mogadishu, and em­ II, were two carriers, Eisenhower (CVN 69) barked helicopters at night for a 360-mile, THE 32D ANNIVERSARY OF and Independence (CV 62), with their support­ air-refueled dash that would make possible ing casts of combatants. By the time Presi­ the evacuation under fire from the embassy CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK dent Bush ordered U.S. forces to the Middle compound of hundreds of Americans and for­ East on 7 August, both were ready to under­ eign nationals from 30 nations. The govern­ HON. WIWAM 0. LIPINSKI take combat missions for as long as might be ment of Somalia was overthrown shortly OF ILLINOIS necessary. Ultimately these two would be re­ thereafter. lieved by two others, and when hostilities The one area of naval endeavor where coa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commenced on 17 January, six carriers were lition forces were behind when the build-up Tuesday, July 16, 1991 launching aircraft against Iraqi targets. At began and never caught up was in mine coun­ conflict's end, four would be operating in the termeasures. Although U.S. naval leaders in Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the week of July Persian Gulf, a "First" for any navy. the Persian Gulf were able to watch Iraqi 14 to 20 commemorates the 32d anniversary Meanwhile, almost from the moment they minelayers deploying at night and returning of Captive Nations Week. Ever since Con­ arrived in theater, cruisers, destroyers, and at daybreak, and therefore were certain the gress designated Captive Nations Week in frigates became part of the international Iraqis were planting mines in international July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18557 waters, it was not known until long after the I want to say at the outset that I am not to attach so much importance to discovering effort to counter them began that the Iraqis one of those fellows who runs around the the truth about the murders that took place had planted over 1,000 mines in fields in a world telling other people how to run their here at the UCA. 150-mile arc along the Kuwaiti coast. Despite countries. I have never set out to change the We are moved, instead, by the friendship heroic efforts by the four U.S. minesweepers world; I'll be happy if I can make things a that so many of us had for one or another of in theater, which included Avenger (MCM-1), little better for the people I represent back the nurdered priests; we are moved by the re­ the first of a 14-ship class of new mine coun­ home in Massachusetts. spect we felt for the courage of these men in termeasures ships, minesweeps of other na­ El Salvador represents my first major ef­ their pursuit of social justice and peace; we tions, 20 explosive-ordnance-disposal (EOD) fort in the field of international affairs and are moved by the innocence and suffering of teams, and MH-53 minesweeping helicopters, judging from the reviews I've received in Elba Julia Ramos and her daughter Celina; by mid-April only slightly more than 550 some of the more conservative Salvadoran and we are moved by the brutality and cow­ mines had been detected and destroyed. newspapers, there are some people out there ardice of the murders themselve&-carried Avenger provided a glimmer of hope for the who hope it will be my last. out, not in the heat of some battle-but in future, however, when on 27 February she de­ As you may know, I am the Chairman of a cold blood, in the dead of night, by dozens of tected by sonar, and ultimately destroyed, a special task force that was appointed by the well-armed and well-trained troops. magnetic mine hitherto regarded as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives We are moved by these murders and we are undetectable by sonar. Later she would lo­ to monitor the investigation into the ter­ determined that unlike the cases of Arch­ cate and destroy many more. rible murders that took place on this campus bishop Romero, Fr. Rutilio Grande and so on November 16, 1989. Members of the task many others; at least this one crime against force have not tried to investigate the case God and humanity will not go unpunished. MOAKLEY SPEAKS OUT FOR ourselves, but we have tried to monitor the In this one case, we demand the truth. In JUSTICE IN JESUIT CASE progress of the investigation conducted by this one case, we insist that the justice sys­ the authorities in this country. tem do its job. In this one case, we demand Over the past year, our task force has pre­ that the Government and the armed forces of HON. DAVID E. BONIOR pared one major report and a number of El Salvador live up to their claims to respect OF MICHIGAN shorter reports discussing the investigation. democracy and the law. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These efforts would not have been possible Opponents and critics of the government Tuesday, July 16, 1991 without the help of Salvadorans from many have been picked up, questioned, tortured walks of life and from individuals in the U.S. and murdered in this country for years. Now, Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, the distinguished Embassy, especially the U.S. Ambassador to in the course of peace talks, they are asked chairman of the Rules Committee, JOE MOAK­ El Salvador, William Walker, who I believe to trust the government, to trust the armed LEY, recently took a trip to El Salvador to con­ is a very good man who wants very much to forces, to trust the political system. It tinue his ongoing investigation into the 1989 see justice done in this case. should not be too much to expect that gov­ murders of the six Jesuit priests, their house­ I am conscious, as I stand here, that past ernment, those armed forces and that system keeper, and her daughter. relations between the people of El Salvador to be worthy of trust in this one case. While there, he made a very important and the Government of the United States For if El Salvador, with all the inter­ have not always been smooth. national pressure, cannot bring those who speech in which he underscored the fact that A former political leader of your country murdered the Jesuits to justice, how can it is "the institution of the Armed Forces that once said that El Salvador has endured dur­ anyone expect justice the next time a labor is responsible, not only for the murders but for ing this century "fifty years of lies, fifty leader or a teacher or a campesino is killed? the failure of the investigation, thus far, to un­ years of injustice, (and) fifty years of frus­ How can we expect those who have seen their cover the whole truth." Chairman MOAKLEY tration." El Salvador's history, he said, is relatives and neighbors kidnapped and tor­ urged officers who had information about the the history "of a people starving to death, tured and murdered to lay down their arms crimes to come forward, and indicated that El living in misery. For fifty years, the same unless they can do so in an atmosphere of Salvador will not become truly democratic until people have had all the power, all the money, justice and law? How can we expect an end to all the jobs, all the opportunities." the violence of the left unless there is an end justice is done in the Jesuit case. And throughout those fifty years, I am sad to the impunity from prosecution of the Mr. Speaker, I am proud to associate myself to say that all the people of El Salvador right? with the remarks of Chairman MOAKLEY. No heard from the United States was silence. That is why finding the truth in the Jesu­ one in this Congress has more passionately It was not until ten years ago, after the its' case is so important; not because it pursued justice in the Jesuits case. revolution in Nicaragua, that the U.S. Gov­ pleases the United States, England, Spain or In the past, the Salvadoran military has ernment began to pay serious attention to El some other foreign country; but because been immune from convictions for human Salvador. Because even the Reagan Adminis­ finding the truth is essential for El Salvador rights abuses. That pattern must be broken if tration understood that your country, with to live at peace with itself. its history of social inequality, its corrupt Ill. STATUS OF THE CASE democracy is to prevail. I commend Chairman and brutal military and its active and mili­ MOAKLEY for his leadership on the issue-and As you know, eight members of the armed tant left was as logical a candidate for revo­ forces, including one Colonel, have been join him in warning that future decisions about lution as this hemisphere has ever seen. U.S. aid will be contingent on progress in the charged with the murders. Two others have And so, for the past ten years, America has been charged with destroying evidence. Four Jesuits case. provided more than $4 billion in economic others have been charged with perjury. A copy of Chairman MOAKLEY's remarks fol­ and military aid to El Salvador. There are I believe the President of the Supreme lows: some in the Congress of the United States Court, Dr. Mauricio Gutierrez Castro, and REMARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE JOE MOAKLEY who have fully supported that aid. Others, Judge Ricardo Zamora deserve great credit such as myself, have expressed serious con­ I. INTRODUCTION for bringing the case to this point. The judge cern about the wisdom of providing large had done his best to build a strong case I am honored to be here at this historic amounts of aid to the Salvadoran military. university and grateful for the kind invita­ against the accused. And he has done his tion to speak to all of you this afternoon. II. IMPORTANCE OF THE JESUITS CASE best to investigate the possible involvement I am especially grateful to Father Estrada Those concerns were validated on the of others in ordering or participating in the for his very flattering introduction. He rep­ morning of November 16, 1989. crimes. resents the very best in the Jesuit tradition Obviously, the horrible murders at this The role of the military is another story. and has done a remarkable job of presiding campus were not the first in El Salvador nor, General Ponce has said over and over again over this very great university during these tragically, would they be the last. Tens of that these murders should be considered the very difficult times. thousands have died as a result of political acts of individuals and not the responsibility I also want to thank Father Michael violence over the past decade. It makes no of the armed forces as an institution. Gen­ Czerny and my dear friend, Father Charlie difference in the eyes of God, and it should eral Ponce is just plain wrong. Beirne, for their assistance in arranging to­ make no difference in our own eyes, whether Consider that: day's speech. I am delighted, as well, to par­ a victim of that violence is famous or un­ Radio stations, controlled by the military ticipate in a program with Father Jon known, rich or poor, a partisan of the left or at that time, broadcast threats against the Sobrino who has always been a strong de­ right or of no side at all. Jesuits shortly before they were killed; fender of social justice. Every one of us is entitled to our rights; There were more than 200 soldiers at or And I want to thank Father Rodolfo and every one of us is entitled to justice near the scene of the crime; Cardenal who has bravely agreed to translate when those rights are violated. The murders were carried out by an experi­ my remarks. I just hope his Spanish has a It is not on abstract human or moral enced and well-trained military unit, acting Boston accent. grounds, then, that so many of us have come under orders; 18558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Efforts were made at the scene to cover up such thing as half a democracy. You either agree; negotiate in good faith; and bring to the crimes and to point the finger of blame have a democracy in which everyone-in­ justice not just some, but all, who ordered or at the FMLN; cluding the powerful-is subject to the law participated in the murders at this campus A phony firefight was recorded in the offi­ or you don't. nineteen months ago. cial log of military operations; That's why I believe it is so important that V. CLOSING Not a single officer has come forward vol­ the whole truth emerge in this case. Truth is I have been following events in El Salvador untarily with information concerning the not the enemy. for about ten years. And I can't count the case; Without the truth, the armed forces will never be cleansed of its responsibility for number of times I have been told not to ex­ Evidence controlled by the military has pect very much from El Salvador. I have been withheld and destroyed; this crime, and for shielding those involved in it. Without the truth, this government been told over and over again by people in Many of the officers who were called to my own government that violence is just testify lied and lied again about what they cannot lay claim to truly democratic insti­ tutions. Without the truth, the argument part of the culture. Killing and corruption, I know; am told, have always been common in El Even the special military Honor Board ap­ that those in opposition to the government should lay down their arms in undermined. Salvador. pointed by President Cristiani to review the Well, I love my country, but I think it's case lied about it. Without the truth, the path towards peace in El Salvador will grow steeper still. pretty arrogant for anyone from a nation General, believe me, you have got an insti­ with a $300 billion defense budget, $25 billion tutional problem. IV. PEACE in arms sales, a huge military foreign aid And that's not the worst of it. I am con­ And I don't have to tell any of you how im­ program and the highest murder rate in the vinced that, at a minimum, the high com­ portant it is to bring the civil war in El Sal­ western world to criticize another society for mand of the armed forces knew soon after vador to an end. its tendency towards violence. I don't say the murders which unit was responsible for Not long before he died, Father Ellacuria that Salvadorans are better than anyone the crimes. At a minimum, they sought to said that "the way of war has now given all else, but I have never seen a people that limit the scope of the investigation in order it has to give; now, we must seek the way of wanted or deserved peace more than the peo­ to protect certain officers from prosecution. peace." ple of El Salvador. And I continue to believe there is a strong As Father Ellacuria would have been the You do not have to travel far from this possibility that the murders were ordered by first to say, the way of peace is not easy, nor beautiful campus to see whole urban neigh­ senior military officers not currently is it without risk. borhoods constructed out of tin and card­ charged. But the way of war is murdering El Sal­ board, wedged into ravines where nothing I am convinced that there are officers in vador. It is a war without victors, only vic­ grows except the appetites of young children. the armed forces who did not themselves par­ tims. Seventy-five thousand dead. Thousands You do not have to travel far to find babies ticipate in the crimes, but who have further disappeared. A million forced to flee their being delivered and surgery being conducted information about the crimes. To date, these homeland. A generation of children denied using methods that have hardly changed in officers have not come forward because they the innocence and the laughter of childhood. the last one hundred years. fear they will be killed. They know that tell­ Thousands of young men and women who You do not have to travel far to find farm­ ing the truth about the military is consid­ have lost an arm or a leg to explosives or ers struggling to grow food for their families ered by some in El Salvador to be a capital gunfire. with no equipment except their own hands crime. Again, I say to General Ponce, you Even the powerful, the Generals and the and no credit except their own empty pock- have an institutional problem. commanders, on both sides, are victims. For et~ · It is, in my opinion, the institution of the those responsible for this war must bear the You do not have to travel far in El Sal­ armed forces that is responsible, not only for burden in their souls of the killing they have vador to understand why it is so important the murders but for the failure of the inves­ caused, the destruction they have produced, that the destruction end and the rebuilding tigation, thus far, to uncover the whole the injustices that have been generated begin. truth. throughout this decade of war. And you do not have to travel far to under­ And, in my opinion, you have an institu­ For ten years, we have heard what the stand why the lives of Father Ellacuria and tional problem when it is the institution leaders on both sides are against. We have his colleagues, far more than their deaths, that instills fear in potential witnesses; listened to the words of hate, the demands were so important. when it is the institution that teaches its of­ for vengeance, the predictions of triumph. The Jesuit fathers taught us that peace is ficers to be silent, to be forgetful, to be eva­ But it has never been important what each better than war for the simple reason that sive, to lie; when it is the institution that side is against; it only really matters what life is better than death. demands loyalty to the armed forces above each side is for. They taught us to value the dignity and to loyalty to the truth or to honor or to coun­ Now, during the negotiations, the burden respect the rights of every human being, no try. has been on both the Government and the matter how humble. The fact is that there is nothing a soldier FMLN to define what they are for. Both They taught us that, although it has often or officer could do that would be more patri­ sides deserve credit for the progress that has been considered a crime in this country, it is otic or better for the armed forces or for El been made; both deserve blame for the sense­ never a crime to speak up for the poor, the Salvador than to come forward with the less violence that has continued. helpless or the ill; it is never a crime to tell truth in this case. And if that happens, it It breaks my heart, after all this time, to the truth; it is never a crime to demand jus­ will be our responsibility, and that of the ci­ hear of yet more young people being dis­ tice; it is never a crime to teach people their vilian government, to protect that witness figured or maimed or killed. It makes me rights; it is never a crime to struggle for a and to make certain that the evidence he sick to hear this violence justified as a bar­ just peace. It is never a crime. It is always a provides is acted upon, not covered up. gaining tactic. And it makes me wish even duty. I still believe it is possible that a new wit­ more that Father Ellacuria were still here to So, in closing, I say let us pray that God ness or witnesses will come forward. I believe share with us his wisdom and compassion. will grant us the strength, with the memory this because I know there are many good It is not my job or the job of anyone from of these martyred heroes always present in people in the armed forces of El Salvador, my country to define the appropriate terms our minds, to fulfill this duty each and every some of whom were educated right here at for peace in El Salvador. That is solely the day of our lives. this university or at other Jesuit schools. responsibility of Salvadorans, with help, as I believe there are many in the armed needed, from the United Nations. forces who want to see the full truth come But we in Congress do have a responsibil­ GARNISHMENT EQUALIZATION ACT out. I believe there are many who want to re­ ity to see that the United States is a force OF 1991 form the armed forces and to see it take its for peace, not war, in El Salvador. proper place within your society. It is our job to help those on both sides I have been asked many times what it who share the vision of an El Salvador that HON. ANDREW JACOB.S, JR. would take to satisfy me in the Jesuits' case. is democratic and just. OF INDIANA Would I be satisfied with the conviction of And so I say to the FMLN, if you want our five soldiers? Must a Colonel be convicted? understanding, negotiate in good faith; end IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Are eight convictions enough? your campaign of sabotage; no more assas­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 My response is simple. I want the truth. sinations; and bring to justice those who Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, as an abstract Like Ambassador Walker, I want the truth murdered the two Americans killed after the because I believe the Salvadoran people de­ helicopter crash last January. proposition, those of us who are Federal em­ serve the truth. The whole truth. And I say to the armed forces, if you want ployees ought not be bathed with immunity There is no such thing as half justice. You our aid, do your part to end the violence; re­ from the enforcement of judgments for the either have justice or you don't. There is no spect the rights of those with whom you dis- payment of debt, but we are. July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18559 That is bad enough in the abstract. The very carry by law, which, my attorneys kept, in have been made throughout our Nation's his­ notion that Uncle Sam cannot afford or is not great part because I am dictated by the Fed­ tory by the brave men and women who have willing to accept for himself the same legal re­ eral Government if, when and how I am al­ answered the call to service. sponsibilities other employers in our country lowed to exercise my legal rights to collect A constituent of mine, Robert L. Layton, on my awarded judgment. must meet, is offensive enough to the reason­ My assailant up to this day never showed wrote a poem dedicated to those who serve. able person. the slightest remorse, only confirming the Entitled, "A Letter Home," it is a moving trib­ But adding to that abstraction a real life jury's verdict of his willful and malicious in­ ute, and I wanted to take this opportunity to tragedy that results from that immunity should tent. Moreover, from the beginning, I was share it with my colleagues. motivate all of us to correct this Federal arro­ harassed, threatened, and verbally sexually A LE'ITER HOME gance at our earliest opportunity by erasing offended. Also his spouse verbally and phys­ I was walking through the woods one day, the myth of sovereign immunity for individual ically attacked me in the court's elevator. I it was cloudy and the sky was gray. debts of Federal employees. was humiliated by them when they told me I kicked a pile of leaves and found, in court I could use the judgment for toilet Accordingly, I have sponsored legislation to stationery all faded and brown. paper, assured they had the government's it was a letter with no date or name, do just that and I should hope that it could be support of immunity. passed in this Congress. The bill currently has but I started to read it just the same. I have been unable to collect my judgment "My Dearest Family and Friends, 117 cosponsors. in great part because I am told by the gov­ this war for me did finally end. Text of H.R. 643 follows: ernment that federal salaries cannot be gar­ I've done my job as best I can, H.R. 643 nished for reasons other than child support and alimony, while my rights for restitution doing my duty like a grown man. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ as a victim of a violent crime are oppressed I've been tired & hungry, sick & scared, resentatives of the United States of America in because the offender is a federal employee. praying to wake up from this nightmare. Congress assembled, This is the case even though the court deter­ Seen many things too bad to tell, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. mined that . the defendant was criminally things right out of a fiery Hell. This Act may be cited as the "Garnish­ negligent. But I've seen love and kindness, too, ment Equalization Act of 1991". I have suffered greatly, not just from the and devotion among comrades, true. SEC. 2. FEDERAL PAY TO BE TREATED IN SAME violent crime which devastated my life and The day I was killed was like any other, MANNER AS NON·FEDERAL PAY destroyed my livelihood, but also because of and it didn't hurt that much, dear Mother. WITII RESPECT TO GARNISHMENT the failure of the judicial system to ensure It's peaceful now, 'round the campfire here, AND SIMILAR LEGAL PROCESS. that victims of federal employees are com­ with my new friends of goodwill and cheer. Notwithstanding any Federal law to the pensated appropriately. In my case, the Fed­ Most of them are kids just like me, contrary, the pay of any person employed by eral Government dictates to me when and fighting and dying throughout history. the United States shall be subject to gar­ how I am allowed to exercise my legal rights But we're not complaining if die we must, nishment in the manner applicable to the after justly being awarded a judgment. protecting freedom is our sacred trust. pay of persons not employed by the United I am impoverished as a result of my inju­ We razz each other about how we're dressed, States. ries. Having used up my life savings, I had to like those 3 cornered hats & home-spun SEC. 3. DEFINmONS. sell my home and most of my family heir­ vests. As used in this Act- looms just to survive. I can no longer afford A city boy in blue with lots to say, (1) the term "person employed by the Unit­ to retain attorneys to represent me after all to a farmer's son in butternut & gray. ed States" means (A) an elected officer of these years when my attorneys' and my ef­ The kid in leggings with mud from France, the United States and (B) a member of the forts and legal results were ignored by the spread all over his khaki pants. civil service or of a uniformed service (as government, which declined to accept prior A very young couple of G.I. Joe's, such terms are defined in section 2101 of title court evidence of the debtors' income as I one died on a beach, one in a hedgerow. 5, United States Code); and was also denied to file a claim in any court (2) the term " garnishment" means garnish­ Close to the fire is a guy next to me, for garnishment of his salary. A federal gov­ from a frozen place called Hill 103. ment, execution, levy, attachment, and any ernment policy that expects federal employ­ similar legal process. Many uniforms and jungle green, ees found guilty of a crime to pay their fi­ Soldiers, Sailors, Pilots and Marines. SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE. nancial obligations "in a proper and timely And we newcomers in desert tan, This Act shall apply to any garnishment manner" is untrue and a misrepresentation rapping with our brothers from Vietnam. order served after the date of the enactment of the facts. The government has not an­ We're guys & gals and of all races, too, of this Act. swered my questions pertaining to this pol­ a bullet doesn't care when it hits you. The following testimony from Ms. icy, and I have been unable to obtain the statute which explains what constitutes the Gotta get going to my new quarters, Betty Moraes of Escondido, CA, is rea­ "proper and timely manner" pertaining to doing what I was taught, following orders. son enough why this legislation needs the government's policy, and who judges or Sure wish I could be with you right now, to become the law of the land: will dictate when to make restitution to the but we'll be together, someday, somehow. I am writing in pursuit of justice. victim. Now you take care and don't be too blue, In 1979 I was violently assaulted by a At this time no attorney is willing to take just think of me, as I think of you." drunken driver who is a career U.S. Navy en­ this "collection" case on contingency for un­ The letter ended with the word "Love", listed man, a First Class Petty Officer. This derstandable reasons. The navy retired this the name was hidden by a drop of blood. man had a terrible prior and subsequent individual at the age of 39 with full benefits, I gently laid the letter down, record of arrests and violent crashes for driv­ tuitions, etc. and refuses to give me his for­ it turned to dust upon the ground. ing while intoxicated and other serious vio­ warding address where his checks are being Then I felt a soothing breeze, lations, including inflicting almost fatal in­ mailed. and saw sunbeams through the trees. juries to others. I survived an impact of over I strongly believe that my constitutional I vowed never again to take for granted, 110 miles an hour when he crashed his truck right to equal protection has been violated. the seeds of freedom those kids had planted. head-on into my car; he destroyed 6 vehicles Passage of H.R. 643 will help ensure that All filled with sorrow, but with pride, too, for all Americans who died for me and you. from 1974 to 1987 during his slaughtering this type of unfairness is not perpetuated. rampages. Five and a half years later, in April of 1984, I won a civil suit in Federal Court after this man and his wife claimed PUBLIC SERVICE SCHOLARSHIPS joint bankruptcy (previously avoiding trial A LETTER HOME in Superior court for 31h years). After a 2lfi­ HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN week trial, the jury ruled that the injuries I HON. MARTIN FROST sustained during the crash were inflicted on OF NEW YORK me intentionally and maliciously. The jury OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES found that his and his wife's debt to me were IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, July 16, 1991 nondischargeable and awarded me a judg­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, last year Con­ ment in the amount of $333,000.00 including punitive damages. Mr. FROST. Mr. Speaker, the Persian Gulf gress enacted legislation which I introduced To this date I've been unable to collect my war gave us new heroes, a renewed sense of allowing Federal agencies the flexibility to judgment, other than the lowest insurance patriotism, and love for our country. It has also repay employee student loans and pay for em­ this repeat offender drunk driver had to reminded us of the supreme sacrifices that ployee educational expenses as part of the 18560 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Federal Government's continuing efforts to im­ I ask that the full text of the H.R. 2894 be vidual to assist the individual in pursuing a prove its recruiting and retention efforts. printed in the RECORD at this point in addition full-time course of study, for a period of not Today, I am introducing H.R. 2894, an admin­ to the section-by-section analysis. less than 1 nor more than 4 academic years, istration initiative, which complements these leading to a bachelor's, master's, or doctor's H.R. 2894 degree at an accredited educational institu­ past efforts by establishing a Federal scholar­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ tion that is authorized to grant such degree; ship program to allow agencies to pay for the resentatives of the United States of America in "(2) the individual shall pursue such course costs of an employee's or recruit's education Congress assembled, That this Act may be of study, maintaining an acceptable aca­ in return for a specified period of service. cited as the "Public Service Scholarship Act demic standing, until such degree is award­ At the beginning of the 101 st Congress, the of 1991". ed, and shall provide to the agency such cer­ SEC. 2. (a) Part III of title 5, United States Committee on Post Office and Civil Service tification from the educational institution Code, is amended by adding after chapter 35 as the agency may require of the individual's held a series of extensive hearings on the rec­ the following new chapter: attendance and academic standing during ommendations put forth by the President's "CHAPTER 36-PUBLIC SERVICE such period of study; Commission on the Public Service. The Com­ SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM "(3) the agency shall appoint such individ­ mission was formed in 1987 to prepare rec­ "Sec. ual, upon receipt of such degree, to full-time ommendations to the President and Congress "3601. General; definitions. employment in the agency in a position- on what was viewed as the quiet crisis in the "3602. Selection of candidates. "(A) in the excepted service, if the individ­ Federal Government. The Commission saw an "3603. Scholarship agreements. ual has not previously acquired competitive status, and, upon successful completion of 2 erosion in the attractiveness of public service "3604. Scholarship payments. "3606. Regulations; report. years of employment by the individual and which seriously undermined the ability of gov­ the satisfaction of such requirements as the ernment to respond effectively to the needs § 3601. General; definitions Office may prescribe, shall appoint the indi­ and aspirations of the American people. "(a) The Office of Personnel Management vidual to a position in the competitive serv­ Among the Commission's findings was a rec­ shall establish a program under which agen­ ice, notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter ommendation that the Federal Government cies may award scholarships to outstanding 33; or establish a scholarship program for current students in return for a commitment by the "(B) in the competitive service, if the indi­ students to accept employment with the employees and recruits as a means of improv­ vidual has previously acquired competitive agencies for a specified period of service. status; and ing its efforts in recruiting and retaining highly "(b) For the purposes of this chapter- "(4) the individual shall serve as an em­ qualified employees. "(1) 'agency' means an Executive agency; ployee of the agency for 18 months for each This legislation I am introducing today re­ and academic year of study during which schol­ flects the goals of the Commission by estab­ "(2) "Office' means the Office of Personnel arship assistance was provided. lishing a Public Service Scholarship Program Management. "(c)(l) An individual who has entered into to be administered by the Office of Personnel § 3602. Selection of candidates an agreement with an agency under this sec­ tion and who- Management. Agencies can select candidates "(a) The Office is authorized, without re­ "(A) fails to complete the specified degree under the program to enter into a written gard to title 41 or other statute requiring in the specified field of study at the specified agreement for the agency to provide up to a competitive bidding, to enter into a contract academic institution in the specified period 4-year academic scholarship, leading to a with one or more not-for-profit, non-govern­ of time; or ment organizations to seek out and select bachelor's, master's, or doctor's degree at an "(B) fails to complete the specified period candidates for the Public Service Scholar­ of service as an employee, accredited educational institution in return for ship Program in accordance with this section 18 months of service for each academic year and the direction of the Office. shall repay to the agency the entire amount of scholarship assistance provided. "(b)(l) Candidates for the Public Service the agency has paid as scholarship assistance to or on behalf of the individual under the Candidates must obtain an acceptable aca­ Scholarship Program shall be selected on the basis of- agreement, unless the agency determines demic standing with an accredited educational that some or all of such repayment should be institution. Upon completion of the degree, the "(A) academic excellence and a commit­ ment to public service or to a field of en­ forgiven because requiring repayment would agency shall appoint such individual to full­ deavor of use to the Government; and violate equity and good conscience or be time employment in the agency. Should an in­ "(B) geographic diversity from throughout against the public interest. dividual who entered into a scholarship agree­ the United States. "(2) An amount subject to repayment ment fail to complete the degree or fail to under this subsection shall be recoverable Candidates shall be selected without regard from the individual or individual's estate complete the specified period of service, he or to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, by- she will repay to the agency the entire amount marital status, age, disabling condition, or "(A) set off against accrued pay, compensa­ the agency has paid as scholarship assist­ political party or affiliation. tion amount of retirement credit, or other ance, unless the agency determines that such "(2) A Federal employee may be selected as amount due the individual as an employee of repayment would violate equity and good con­ a candidate for the Public Service Scholar­ the Government; and science or be against the public interest. ship Program. "(B) such other method as is provided by "(c) A contract awarded by the Office Amounts payable as a scholarship under law for the recovery of amounts owing to the under this section shall specify the efforts Government. this program will include tuition and fees, that shall be made by the contractor to en­ "(d)(l) An agency and an individual who books and necessary expenses, appropriate sure that applicants for the Public Service have entered into an agreement under this living expenses, and any estimated tax liability Scholarship Program are sought out from all section may, by mutual agreement, modify for such scholarship. Agencies are authorized of the diverse groups that comprise the Na­ or terminate the agreement at any time. to make scholarship payments from the appro­ tion. "(2) An agency may unilaterally terminate priation available to pay salaries and other ex­ "(d) The Office and the Comptroller Gen­ an agreement under this section at any time, eral shall have access, for the purpose of penses. In addition, appropriations are author­ in which case the individual shall have no audit and examination, to any books, docu­ further obligation to the agency. ized to be made to the Office of Personnel ments, papers, and records of a contractor "(3) An agency may agree to allow the in­ Management to permit it to reimburse agen­ under this section that are pertinent to the dividual to complete part or all of the period cies for scholarship payments in order to en­ contract. of service required under subsection (b)(4) as courage agencies to make use of this pro­ "§ 3603. Scholarship agreements an employee of another agency, subject to gram. "(a) An agency may select, from among any agreement between the two agencies on Mr. Speaker, I commend the Office of Per­ the candidates identified under section 3602, reimbursement for the cost of the scholar­ sonnel Management for its efforts in develop­ an individual to receive a Public Service ship assistance. ing this program. Such policies reflect far­ Scholarship from the agency. "§ 3604. Scholarship payments sighted leadership and are in step with at­ "(b) The agency and the individual who is "(a) The Office shall determine the amount tempts to constantly improve the Federal Gov­ selected under subsection (a) shall enter into that may be paid as a scholarship under this a written agreement which shall specify such chapter, on the basis of average costs at pub­ ernment's efforts at recruiting and retaining the matters as the Office and the agency may de­ lic and private educational institutions, cov­ best and brightest employees. I hope all my termine appropriate, and under which- ering tuition and fees, books and necessary colleagues will join me today in supporting this "(1) the agency shall provide a scholarship, expenses, appropriate living expenses, and legislation. as determined under section 3604, to the indi- any estimated tax liability for such scholar- July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18561 ship. The amount may vary by level of de­ master's, or a doctors degree at an accred­ The article follows: gree being sought. The Office may revise the ited institution for at least 1 and not more SEMPER FIDELIS * * * maximum amount from time to time, as the than 4 years, maintaining an acceptable aca­ Office determines appropriate. demic standing until the degree is awarded, (By Mr. Irving Jaffe) "(b)(l) Agencies are authorized to make and under which the agency must appoint The year was 1963; the scene, a resplendent scholarship payments from the appropria­ the individual, upon receipt of the degree, to hearing room in the nation's capital. Appear­ tion, fund, or account that is available to full-time employment in the agency, either ing before a Committee of Congress, a former pay salaries of employees of the activity in the competitive service, if the individual Cabinet officer and Secretary of Defense where the recipient of the scholarship assist­ has competitive status, or in the excepted knowingly, and with specific intent to avoid ance is expected to be employed. service, if the individual lacks such status, disclosure, gave wholly misleading testi­ "(2) Appropriations are authorized to be with subsequent noncompetitive appoint­ mony before a co-equal branch of Govern­ made to the Office to permit the Office to re­ ment to the competitive service following ment. This characterization, I hasten to add, imburse agencies for scholarship payments successful completion of 2 years of employ­ is not mine but, rather, the rueful admission under this chapter, or for portions of such ment and satisfaction such other require­ of a then serving colleague. payments, in order to encourage agencies to ments as OPM may prescribe. It also re­ The Question: "Are you aware of any make use of the Public Service Scholarship quires the individual to complete 18 months agreement, any assurance, by yourself or Program established under this chapter. of service with the agency for each year of anyone else in high government office, to Khrushchev that if he would withdraw at the "§ 3605. Regulations; report scholarship provided. Subsection (c) specifies that an individual who has entered into an time under the conditions that you showed "(a) The Office may prescribe regulations agreement and who either fails to meet the us, the United States would thereby commit and criteria that it determines necessary for academic requirements under the agreement itself to any particular course of action?" the administration of this chapter. The Answer: "I am not only unaware of "(b) The Office shall prepare and submit to or fails to complete the required period of employment must repay the entire amount any agreement, it is inconceivable to me Congress each year a report on the operation of scholarship assistance provided unless the that our President would enter into a discus­ of the Public Service Scholarship Program agency forgives some or all of the debt be­ sion of any such agreement. Moreover, there established under this chapter.". were absolutely no undisclosed agreements (b) The table of chapters for part III of cause requiring repayment would be con­ trary to equity and good conscience or the associated with the withdrawal of the Soviet title 5, United States Code, is amended by interests of the Government. Subsection (d) missiles from Cuba. . .. " (Hearings, Sub­ adding after the item relating to chapter 35 authorizes modification or termination of an committee of the Committee on Appropria­ the following new item: tions, Eighty-Eighth Congress, First Session, "36. Public service scholarship pro- agreement by mutual consent of the agency and the individual. It also authorizes unilat­ pp. 30-31.) gram ...... 3601". eral termination of an agreement by an Such testimony was not lightly given; it SEC. 3. The amendments made by this Act was considered and deliberate. It had its ori­ are effective on the date of enactment. agency, with such termination, relieving the individual of any further obligation. In addi­ gins some months earlier when the whole tion, the subsection permits an agency to world watched with some fascination, and no SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS allow the individual to complete some or all little concern, the unfolding nuclear con­ The first section titles the bill as the of the required service with another agency, frontation over the presence of Soviet mis­ "Public Service Scholarship Act of 1991." subject to any agreement between the agen­ sile bases in Cuba-a drama which would Section 2(a) amends title 5, United States cies regarding reimbursement for the schol­ cause all who were riveted to their portable Code, by adding a new chapter 36, "Public arship assistance provided. radios to suspend their daily affairs until the Service Scholarship Program." The fourth section of chapter 36 describes Secretary of State was heard to remark that The first section of chapter 36 requires the the scholarship payments to be made under the other fellow just blinked. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to the program. Subsection (a) requires OPM to For what was then held to be good and suf­ establish a program under which agencies determine the amount to be paid based on ficient reason, the President, supported by would be authorized to award scholarships to the average costs at public and private his senior Cabinet officers, decided to se­ outstanding students who agree to work for schools, including tuition and fees, books cretly inform and assure Khrushchev that the agencies for specified periods of service. and necessary expenses, and appropriate liv­ he, the President, was determined to remove It also provides definitions of "agency" and ing expenses, and taking into account any Jupiter missiles from their bases in Turkey "Office" for use under chapter 36. estimated tax liability for such scholarship. and would promptly do so once the Cuban The second section of chapter 36 governs The amount may be fixed at different levels crisis was resolved. Concerned at this im­ the selection of candidates for the program. for different levels of degrees sought, and plicit betrayal of our Turkish friends and Subsection (a) authorizes OPM to contract OMP may revise the maximum amount pay­ ally and the certain chorus of Republican noncompetitively for the recruitment and able from time to time. Subsection (b) au­ criticism over any "deals" with the then selection of candidates for the program. Sub­ thorizes scholarship payments to be made current "devil'', all in the room (the Oval Of­ section (b) specifies that candidates must be from the money available for salaries and ex­ fice) on that fateful Saturday (October 27, selected on the basis of academic excellence, penses by employed. Subsection (c) author­ 1962) "agreed without hesitation that no one a commitment to public service or to a field izes appropriations to OPM for reimburse­ not in the room was to be informed of this of use to the Government, and geographic di­ ment of agency payments to encourage use additional message (to Khrushchev)." versity from throughout the United States, of the program. Among those who made this pledge were but without regard to race, color, religion, The fifth section of chapter 36 authorizes the Secretaries of State and Defense, their sex, national origin, marital status, age, dis­ OPM to prescribe regulations and criteria it principal deputies, the Attorney-General, a abling condition, or political party or affili­ determines necessary to administer the former American Ambassador to Russia, the ation. It also authorizes the selection of a chapter, and requires OMP to report annualy President's principal aide, and his Special Federal employee as a candidate. Subsection to Congress on the operation of the program. Assistant for National Security Affairs. (c) requires the contract to specify the ef­ Section 2(b) makes a conforming amend­ Some nine in all: Dean Rusk, Robert McNa­ forts the contractor must make to ensure ment. mara, Robert Kennedy, George Ball, that applicants are sought from all of the di­ Section 34 provides that the amendments Rosewell Gilpatric, Llewellyn Thompson, verse groups in the Nation. Subsection (d) made by the Act are effective on the date of Theodore Sorensen, McGeorge Bundy, and grants OPM and the Comptroller General ac­ enactment. the then President, John F. Kennedy-a gal­ cess to pertinent books, documents, papers axy of public officials seldom equalled for and records of a contractor under this sec­ collective intelligence and wit. tion, for the purpose of audit and examina­ SEMPER FIDELIS We are indebted for this dramatic account tion. to the first Assistant to the President for The third section of chapter 36 describes HON. HENRY J. HYDE National Security Affairs to hold that office, the scholarship agreements, that must be en­ OF ILLINOIS McGeorge Bundy, in his excellent memoir tered into between agencies and individuals "Danger and Survival" (Random House, 1988, who are selected under the program. Sub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pp. 391-462). section (a) authorizes an agency to select Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Caught in this vortex of conflicting obliga­ from the candidates identified under the pre­ Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, as the saga of tions, the then Secretary of Defense felt compelled to give a wholly misleading assur­ vious section, an individual to receive a Iran-Contra goes on and on, and as Judge scholarship from the agency under this pro­ ance to a properly constituted Committee of gram. Subsection (b) outlines the major pro­ Walsh, the independent counsel, gears up for the Congress; others, with reason, might visions to be incorporated into the written further action, an article by Washington attor­ choose a harsher characterization after read­ agreement, under which the individual must ney, Irving Jaffe, is very instructive in provid­ ing the full transcript. Clear in mind and be full-time student pursuing a bachelor's, ing some historical context to these events. bold in execution, Mr. Bundy and his col- 18562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 leagues thought this secret assurance and branches-a standard devoutly to be wished organic and inviolate nature; it is simply "collateral deception" entirely justified. "So for and beyond partisan reproach. But the in­ fundamental, if one is to weld a fighting we thought that Saturday evening, and so we escapable fact, more so today than in the force and not just field a mob. think today." All who witnessed those anx­ day of our founders, is that 535 members of A recent test of this doctrine comes to ious days-the stark danger, the secret nego­ Congress cannot responsibly make or exe­ mind in considering the plight of Messrs. tiations, the partisan clamorings, and then, cute foreign policy. And yet, many are more Poindexter and North. In the just concluded the peaceful denouement-would be hard­ than eager to try-to the consternation of Gulf War, we have at hand the means to pressed to disagree. our friends and the delight of those who do apply the practical logic of the so-called les­ And yet, secrecy and deception, however not wish us well. sons of Nuremberg, as some so fervently sternly justified, have their costs, as Mr. Must we then resign ourselves, ever-more urge. It has been widely reported that Presi­ Bundy freely admits: "By keeping to our­ helpless in a turbulent world, to an all-know­ dent Bush was reluctant to seek and obtain selves the assurance on the Jupiters, we mis­ ing and all-powerful Executive-the despised Congressional authorization for resort to led our colleagues, our countrymen, our suc­ "Imperial Presidency"? The short answer, at force. An adverse vote would have been dev­ cessors, and our allies." least, is that at times and in places we may astating to his policy; a favorable vote a use­ One such cost of necessitous executive se­ have no other practical choice. Hard cases ful, perhaps, but undesirable encroachment crecy, of contemporary and compelling in­ make bad law, as Mr. Justice Holmes once on his executive authority. Indeed, it has terest, is the continuing misfortune which observed. While we can all hope for a more been reported that he was prepared to act has befallen a successor in office to Mr. mature relationship with appropriate com­ without Congressional sanction. Bundy, Admiral John F. Poindexter and his mittees of Congress, and a public discourse Had he done so, what then? Would General then aide, Lt. Colonel Oliver L. North who, based on reasoned dialogue ratgher than Schwarzkopf have carried out the instruc­ some five years after their ordeal com­ mindless recrimination, we can be certain tions of his commander-in-chief to start the menced, still find themselves adrift among that suber choices will again have to be bombing campaign and the following ground the interstices of our vaunted criminal jus­ made in the future as they have in the past-­ war? Or should his reply have been: Yes, sir­ tice system. And yet, despite the passage of without public disclosure and, yes, with but first, sir, you will understand, sir, that I years, the gods are still not sated. It now ap­ "plausible deniabili ty" if required. must consult my attorney (which person, pears that others will soon join them. The Lockerbie, Rabat, and Baghdad, as we have conceivably, he may have forgotten to bring rack-and-screw of a more tormented age has recently seen, are not philosophical abstrac­ along, however excellent the planning may now found its modern embodiment. It is tions. otherwise have been). After all, how else called the " plea bargain", in which five If not quite perfection, then, neither does could a mere general (let alone a lieutenant years of relentless and not so subtle pressure such recognition present so unbearable or colonel) be certain that his superior was (the threat of a felony indictment) has been dangerous a risk. For over 200 years the Re­ cloaked with the proper authority? A new "bargained" down to a mere disabling public has survived recurrent disputes over Independent Counsel awaits in the wings to charge-a misdemeanor-as the quid pro quo executive powers without invoking the spec­ instruct on correct procedure should the gen­ for naming names, incriminating others or, tre of prison for dedicated and loyal officers. eral be so lacking in circumspection as to more simply stated, squealing on one's To argue, as some do, that the Nuremberg follow his orders. friends, colleagues, and the associates of a defense is no defense, is to equate the bestial Is this truly the result to be wished for­ lifetime. This is considered a more humane conduct of a nation gone mad with an effort the number of attorneys to be determined methodology to pursue by those in charge to free American citizens held hostage. Mis­ and assigned in accordance with say, rank? If than the grosser, but somewhat quicker, guided, perhaps; bestial, by no stretch of an so, a plethora of unmined riches awaits the ways of our forebears. over-wrought imagination. To take refuge in bar and gives splendid and renewed vitality Alan D. Fiers, Jr., a long-serving and dis­ such moral equivalency is to suspend all to the current pursuit of "billable hours." tinguished CIA officer, has now pled guilty critical judgment and the evidence of a thou­ Is the real error in judgment, then, made to two counts of withholding information sand eyes. No war crimes were committed; by Admiral Poindexter and Colonel North from Congress. In turn, he is expected to no crimes against humanity were authorized. that of not having a battery of attorneys on name his superiors, and possibly other intra­ Our citizens, we need be reminded, still fes­ retainer to interpret the less-than crystal government colleagues, with whom he shared ter in their cells. Important ii?c;ues concern­ clear instructions of the Congress (the Bo­ the knowledge he gained in the course of per­ ing the limits of executive power remain to land Amendment), or the ultimate constitu­ forming his everyday duties. Since the Inde­ be debated and will likely occupy the na­ tional authority of a president? And now, by pendent Prosecutor has only been able to tional agenda for some time to come. Noth­ extenso, the error also of poor Mr. Fiers? If produce fairly meager results for his com­ ing can be resolved, however, by the contin­ so, America is in far greater and unchartered plex five-year effort, it is understandable ued prosecution, if not persecution, of two difficulty than any of us has yet imagined. that, if one listens closely, one can discern military officers who, unwisely perhaps, at­ Given our founding concern with excessive the quiet tinkling of champagne glasses tempted to serve their country too well. presidential powers, now juxtaposed against being hoisted in anticipation of a rich and Some would raise the banner of an unending evil events, it is unsurprising that satisfying harvest, to wit: the ensnarement undiscriminating accountability to justify an answer satisfactory to all yet eludes us. of an additional number of dedicated and the current witch hunt. He did it (or, at Must the constitutional balance then remain loyal civilian aides. least, he knew about it), therefore he must at risk, and the people defenseless, while the Are there differences of substance to dis­ pay, and pay criminally! In various guises, debate continues? Not entirely. Measured by tinguish these two events, equally traumatic this is the basic rationale for the five year results, if not by an exact participatory de­ to a nation in thrall at the time they oc­ (and counting) hunt for presumed culprits. mocracy, we can all take comfort that the curred? Of course. To any fair-minded ob­ However, when one attempts to think first Tuesday in November occurs with some server, however, the differences that do ap­ through the implications of such rough and regularity-every four years. In the privacy pear are chiefly of related fact, but hardly of simple justice, less certainty appears. Con­ of the voting booth, we can each weigh how policy in-the-making or, indeed, principle in sider: the glue which holds and binds a mili­ well the Republic has fared, render our ver­ application. Both transactions, in concept tary organization is that of a known and cer­ dict on the presidential stewardship, and di­ and in execution, were based on what seemed tain discipline, refined and revised over rect change accordingly. The aberration at the time a compelling Presidential assess­ years of sharp testing. Its fundamental tenet which occurred, and the accountability ment, a felt necessity, a valid national pur­ rests upon obedience to orders, whether in which is needed, is Presidential, not that of pose, and each, in turn, gave rise to tortured matters of dress, formation, or procedure, in a distraught staff caught in the cruel vise of responses by the responsible actors at the order to meet its ultimate test-in battle. conflicting loyalties. time. Purists will doubtless disagree. This is so for the start yet simple reason Yes, President Reagan is now retired and One major difference, of course, unseemly that one's life may well depend on the beyond partisan reach; his accountability though it may be, is that the administration prompt and unquestioning obedience to or­ must remain to history-a history that is, it now in office is Republican, while the prin­ ders. While we may hope, and plan, and train is important to note, still unfolding. But, to cipal Congressional criticism, now as then so as to assure that all orders will be ration­ continue to vent the nation's spleen on two ostensibly bipartisan, is led by Democrats. ally issued, the premise and requirement re­ military aides (and now their civilian coun­ In President Kennedy's Administration, the mains the same: Yes, sir, immediately, if not terparts, as well) who remained faithful to partisan attack was led by leading Repub­ sooner! their calling as they say their duty, smacks licans: Senators Keating, Capehart, and Such a stern and unyielding concept is im­ more of ancient tribal feuds than that of a Goldwater. plicitly resisted by the sophisticates great and magnanimous nation. And yet, The purists would argue, as did Rep. Ham­ amongst us who find such thoughts intellec­ today, the Supreme Court in having let il ton (D., Ind.) at the time, that our system tually barren and, indeed, a bit primitive. stand the overturn of Colonel North's convic­ cannot work if complete trust does not exist And, while at times, this practice may also tion by the Court of Appeals raises anew the between the Executive and Legislative have its comic aspects, let no one doubt its appalling spectacle of still another "trial" July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18563 ("witness-by-witness" and "line-by-line") to As you know, it is the Mexican Chamber of particular, to inform it on the use being determine the possibility of tainted evidence Deputies that is decidedly the most pluralistic made of the powers received. This should be having permeated both the original grand institution within the Mexican Government. done by the Executive without detriment to jury investigation and the subsequent trial. the obligation in Article 131 of the Constitu­ The remaining charges at issue are two: ob­ Like the U.S. House of Representatives in America, it is the most representative body of tion, second paragraph, imposed on him to structing Congress and acceptance of an ille­ submit for the approval of the Congress, in gal gratuity-the famed security fence, at the diverse views of the Mexican people on the issues of the day. When constitutional sending the fiscal budget for each year, the home, to help ward off the attentions of Abu use that he may have made of the power Nidal and his like-minded colleagues. (The doubts are voiced there about the manner in granted. third charge, destruction of documents, was which Mexican President Salinas is rushing to reversed on appeal and not further pursued complete a NAFT A, it should give pause to all According to PAN, so that a free trade by the Independent Counsel.) To the parties Americans who believe that a cornerstone of agreement executed between our country concerned this is no small matter. We have and other nations will have the full effect, it democratic governance is the right of people Judge Walsh's word that the required evi­ must be implemented. In the case of Mexico, dentiary hearing, which he is determined to affected by decisions to have a voice in mak­ the implementation of an international pursue, could well exceed the original trial ing those decisions. trade agreement, assuming that its execu­ in length and complexity. The article, as translated from Spanish to tion is legal, requires the clauses of the trea­ And so the stage is set for a new constitu­ English by the Congressional Research Serv­ ty not to be in conflict with or to violate tional challenge of indeterminate length and ice, follows: legal provisions in effect. In order to safe­ expense, and of uncertain end. Not only will SCENARIOS: THE ExECUTIVE AND THE FTA; guard the legality of the juridical system of the prohibition against self-incrimination be THE POWER OF CONGRESS; PAN QUESTIONING exhaustively re-examined, but we can al­ the Nation in view of the implementation of ready hear the early musings of defense (By Francisco Gomez Maza) a free trade agreement, it is necessary a counsel as to when the equal prohibition The National Action Party (PAN) brought priori and not a posteriori to carry out a against cruel and unusual punishment begins up for discussion in the Chamber [of Depu­ careful analysis of all the legal provisions, to apply. The taxpayer's purse, if not quite ties] the power and authority of the Execu­ beginning with the constitutional ones, that the defendant's, is seemingly bottomless. tive Branch to increase, decrease, or elimi­ may be affected by the clauses of the treaty In recent days, New York and Washington nate the import and export tariff quotas in­ negotiated. vied with one another to stage the "mother" cluded in the Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and Canada. This legislative work, PAN says, by its of all parades. President Bush proclaimed very nature, is the responsibility of the Con­ July 4 as a day of rejoicing and remembrance In quite a heated session this past Tues­ day, PAN said that, since everything related gress and it will not be able to carry it out and, indeed, of healing and commonality. if it does not know clearly and on a timely Can not a wise polity, as distinguished from to increasing, decreasing or eliminating the a vindictive one, summon the wit and wis­ export and import tariff quotas is the very basis what the clauses are of the inter­ dom to close this polarizing chapter as well? essence of a free trade agreement, the Execu­ national trade agreement that are to be exe­ Two avenues offer: Congress can instruct tive should expressly receive from the Con­ cuted and implemented. If the Executive, in Judge Walsh to terminate his long and exem­ gress of the Union the authority to be able to fact, should fail to recognize the competence plary pursuit and submit his final report for legally negotiate international trade agree­ of the Congress in these areas he would do so legislative review and corrective action, as ments such as the ones being negotiated in clear and open violation of Article 49 of the Congress finds necessary. Alternatively, with the U.S., Canada and Chile. the Constitution. the President can dip into his now ample po­ If the Executive negotiates free trade agreements that involve tariff modifications In view of this situation, according to litical bank account and pardon these offi­ PAN, the complexity and risks involved in cers in simple recognition that Semper and if he does not have express powers grant­ ed by the Congress of the Union, those nego­ the broad and permanent incorporation of Fidelis has long served this nation well. the country into international trade makes Upon reflection, a grateful nation will ap­ tiations will be carried out by the Executive outside of the Constitution and therefore it indispensable to have sufficient regula­ plaud the wise re-affirmance of this bond tions on Foreign Trade which determine and with its mill tary. they will be arbitrary and illegal-both the Largeness of spirit, and not demeaning negotiations themselves and the acts coming spell out: cruelty, has time and again been the distin­ from them, in the opinion of the legislators 1. What the power of the Congress is in the guishing characteristic of this nation. And, of the PAN opposition. negotiation and execution of foreign trade while political courage has, admittedly, PAN is basing its argument on section 29 of agreements. never been in plentiful supply, at a time of Article 73 of the Constitution, which states 2. The objectives that t he country should national rejoicing what better occasion for that the establishing of taxes on foreign its exercise? Thirty-seven million dollars trade is a power of the Congress of the achieve in foreign trade, eliminat ing all dis­ and five years later, both partisans and Union. In addition, the second paragraph of cretionary authority in its establishment purists of every hue can surely and conscien­ Article 131 of the Constitution determines and follow-up. tiously agree that enough is truly enough. that the goal being pursued with the exercise 3. The forms and times at which the nego­ of that power is " to regulate foreign trade, tiations, implementation and oversight of the economy of the country, the stability of the international trade treaties which the CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTIONS IN national production, or to realize any other country executes should be carried out. goal to the benefit of the country." MEXICO CLOUD FTA NEGOTIA- On the basis of the above, according to the 4. The measures that the country should TIONS PAN deputies, in order for the Executive to take to defend sufficiently its economic and be able to enter into legally valid negotia­ commercial interests in the dealings with its HON. DONALD J. PEASE tions, aimed at executing international trade trade partners and agreements that involve modifications in OF OHIO 5. The steps that should be taken to pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tariffs, he must: 1. Ask the Congress for expressed powers in tect the companies, workers, and peasants Tuesday, July 16, 1991 order to negotiate international trade agree­ that find themselves affected by the execu­ Mr. PEASE. Mr. Speaker, I call the attention ments, specifying the breadth and scope of tion of international trade treaties. of my colleagues to the following article from the negotiations proposed and their effects · PAN concludes that the Congress must on the foreign trade tariffs in force. face the historic demands that the current Mexico that appeared in the July 4 edition of 2. In his request, the Executive should El Financiero. It reports on a recent heated times present to it with a full patriotic sense clearly specify to the Congress what the and participate responsibly and appro­ session in the lower House of the Mexican agenda for the negotiations is, the sectors Congress, the Chamber of Deputies, in which priately in compliance with the mandate and regions that would be affected, posi­ that the National has granted it and for tively or negatively, with those negotia­ members of the conservative National Action which it will hold it responsible, since in the Party [PAN] raised profound questions about tions; the objectives sought; the steps that will be taken in defense of employment in negotiation and possible execution of a free whether Mexican President Salinas has the trade agreement with the U.S. and Canada constitutional authority and power to negotiate, the cases in which it would be negatively af­ fected as a result of the execution of the the future of Mexico is at stake. And in order let alone consummate, the NAFTA and other international trade treaty or treaties. to analyze this question, the PAN deputies international trade agreements without receiv­ 3. Consult constantly with the Congress demanded the holding of an extraordinary ing express formal approval from the Mexican during the negotiations in order to inform it period of sessions of the Chamber of Depu­ Congress. on the progress on them in general and, in ties. 18564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 UNITED STATES-BULGARIAN AND try. With the increased willingness by the raguan Assembly, and outrage at the recent UNITED STATES-MONGOLIAN Yugoslav Central Government to use military violence in that country. TRADE AGREEMENTS force against Slovenia and Croatia in the past In the months between the election of few weeks, I believe this is a particularly time­ Violeta Chamorro as President, and the time HON. RICHARD A. GEPHARDT ly resolution and deserves immediate consid­ she took office, the Sandinista government eration. The resolution urges the United States OF MISSOURI gave away tens or even hundreds of millions policy toward Yugoslavia to be based on sup­ of dollars in Government assets to their sup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES port for democracy, peaceful resolution of dis­ porters. Houses, cars, computers, beachfront Tuesday, July 16, 1991 putes, respect for human rights, establishment property, livestock, tractors, boats, and as­ Mr. GEPHARDT. Mr. Speaker, just before of a market economy, and the peaceful pursuit sorted other booty were handed out. The the July 4 recess, Minority Leader BOB MICHEL of the national aspirations of the peoples of grandest prize went to former President Daniel and I introduced legislation to extend most-fa­ Yugoslavia. Ortega. He gained a two-square-block com­ vored nation status tq the Republic of Bulgaria Mr. Chairman, can the United States do any plex that was confiscated from a bank execu­ and the Mongolian People's Republic. This less for the people of Yugoslavia? These are tive. This is now surrounded by a solid con­ legislation was introduced pursuant to the people that have suffered under a Communist, crete wall, and has guard towers to protect it. Trade Act of 1974, following the negotiation of authoritarian government, ruled from Belgrade, This giveaway is commonly referred to as "La new trade agreements with these two coun­ for over four decades and is currently domi­ Pinata," after the colorful paper animals that, tries by the administration. nated by the Yugoslav military. when broken at childrens parties, shower the Under each agreement, "most-favored-na­ Yugoslavia consists of nations that do not children with toys and gifts. Nobody, even the tion" status, including the lowest applicable even want to remain in the union, such as Sandinistas, deny that this giveaway occurred. tariffs, would be accorded these nations, thus Croatia and Slovenia. In 1990, these two na­ There is current debate in the Nicaraguan encouraging an increase in trade between our tions held free, open, multiparty elections re­ Assembly about a bill that would repeal the countries. Enhanced trade through free and sulting in parliamentary governments. On June laws that were passed in the waning days of fair trade agreements such as these merits all 25 of this year, the Democratic Republics of Sandinista rule that granted the legal of our support. Through such market opening Croatia and Slovenia declared their independ­ rubberstamp to this preposterous giveaway. agreements we increase economic opportunity ence. Since that day, the Yugoslav Govern­ The Sandinistas, reacting to this proposal in for American consumers, workers and busi­ ment has deployed troops and tanks to Slove­ the only manner they seem to know, have dis­ nesses alike. nia, Croatia, and Kosovo which has led to rupted the democratic process and reacted Both the United States-Bulgarian and United conflicts resulting in numerous deaths and ex­ with violence. The Sandinista legislators States-Mongolian treaties address several tensive property damage. walked out of the National Assembly, ending basic yet important concerns that have been In 1989, the world witnessed the dramatic the opportunity for real, democratic debate of voiced. Each nation will respect and enforce movement ·toward democracy and away from the issue. In addition, Sandinista sympathizers rights to patents, copyrights and national pro­ communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet took over at least six city halls and three radio prietary information. Other provisions add sub­ Union. The United States and Western Eu­ stations. Several bombs exploded at the stance to these treaties by easing business rope, rather than remaining silent, actively en­ homes and offices of anti-Sandinista politi­ operations through basic but necessary ar­ couraged and promoted the ideals of freedom cians. And Mr. Ortega threatened war if meas­ rangements allowing direct hiring of employ­ and democracy to the people of this region. ures are passed to return his mansion to its ees, advertising, repatriation of hard currency, Should the United States remain silent on the previous owner. et cetera. question of freedom and democracy in Yugo­ Mr. Speaker, this only proves to me that the Additionally, in both Bulgaria and Mongolia, slavia? I say no. I say the United States Sandinistas should not be trusted to play an approval of commercial representatives of the should speak loudly and clearly so the Yugo­ active role in the Government of Nicaragua. United States will be handled through a simple slav Government unequivocally understands They will not retire peaceably now that the registration process, and each participating our position. people of Nicaragua have spoken, and said nation has also agreed not to mandate the Mr. Chairman, some would argue that we that they do not want to be ruled by the Sandi­ use of barter or countertrade in commercial should not say or do anything because this nistas. transactions. would upset the stability of the region. Where To my National Assembly counterparts in Finally, as the West and East become in­ have these people been for the last 2 years? Nicaragua, I say be strong. Believe in democ­ creasingly integrated, both treaties establish a Real stability is constructed on the firm foun­ racy, and do not back down. You stand for framework for operating official tourism pro­ dation of democracy and human rights. A per­ what is right, you represent the will of the peo­ motion offices as we develop stronger bilateral son crushed under the rock of authoritarianism ple and the hope for a secure, prosperous, links between the United States and these two might be described as existing in a stable con­ and peaceful future for Nicaragua. States. dition. Of course, this type of stability the Mr. Speaker, as our interdependent, global world can do without. economy evolves, the United States must lead I applaud President Bush and the European PROLIFERATION PROFITEERS: the way toward free and fair trade practices. Community for recently invoking an arms em­ PART 20 These bills to approve the trade agreements bargo against the Yugoslav Government. I call with Bulgaria and Mongolia are a small but upon the President and the State Department to continue to convey to the Yugoslav Govern­ HON. FORTNEY (PETE) STARK meaningful step in our quest for a truly global OF CALIFORNIA economy. ment that their behavior is totally unaccept­ able. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Finally, I ask my colleagues to join me in Tuesday, July 16, 1991 A RESOLUTION OPPOSING THE the struggle for freedom and democracy in Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, in recent weeks, USE OF FORCE IN YUGOSLAVIA Yugoslavia by cosponsoring the resolution that the media has been full of news reports on will be introduced in the coming days. Iraq's nuclear weapons program. There is no HON.GEORGEE.SANGMEISTER longer any doubt whatsoever that Baghdad OF ILLINOIS SANDINISTA VIOLENCE IN had a program, in fact several programs, to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NICARAGUA enrich uranium. The International Atomic En­ ergy Agency [IAEA] estimates that within 2 Tuesday, July 16, 1991 years, these programs would have been capa­ Mr. SANGMEISTER. Mr. Speaker, along HON. JACK F1ELDS ble of enriching enough uranium to build nu­ with a number of my colleagues from both OF TEXAS clear weapons. sides of the aisle, I will soon introduce a reso­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES How could we have let this happen? How lution opposing the use of force in Yugoslavia Tuesday, July 16, 1991 did we allow Saddam Hussein to come this and supporting the peaceful and democratic Mr. FIELDS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to ex­ close to having nuclear weapons? Immediate resolution of political differences in that coun- press solidarity with legislators in the Nica- steps are called for. In my series on "prolifera- July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18565 tion profiteers," I have focused on one of the One non-German firm allegedly involved doubt and claims and without peace law can­ aspects of this problem-the Western compa­ with Sa'ad 16 is Matrix-Churchill, a British not function with justice. nies which have sold nuclear technology to machine tool manufacturer. Once controlled In Lithuania, Soviet troops continue destruc­ countries like Iraq. Today, I wish to include in by an Iraqi-front company, Matrix-Churchill is accused of supplying equipment and train­ tive attacks on border posts. Armenians are the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a summary of ing for the Iraqi complex as well as machin­ accusing the Kremlin of supporting various foreign firms that helped fuel Iraq's nu­ ery used to manufacture uranium enrich­ Azerbaijanis in the recurring flareup of fighting clear weapons ambitions. ment components. between the two republics. Slovenia and Cro­ I have introduced legislation to help address In Latin America, personnel of the Brazil­ atia are involved in a tense standoff with the this issue. My Nuclear Non-Proliferation En­ ian Aeronautics Company (Embraer), Bra­ Yugoslavian Government. forcement Act (H.R. 830) would put import zil's state-owned aircraft manufacturing con­ Mr. Speaker, the great irony here is that sanctions on any foreign company which traf­ cern, are alleged by the "strong evidence" of while western Europe moves toward greater fics in nuclear weapons technology without the a congressional report to have exchanged in­ formation with Iraqi weapons experts. cooperation and integration, eastern Europe is proper safeguards. literally ripping itself apart trying to get away Another aspect of this issue is the IAEA, the Embraer has strong connections to Brazil's Aerospace and Technology Center (CTA) from itself. By fighting and resisting, these na­ agency responsible for ensuring that peaceful which has worked to enrich weapons grade tions are destroying the confidence and trust nuclear facilities are not redirected towards uranium. which they will need to become independent military purposes. The IAEA has done well to U.S. Trade Relations: Some of the ques­ and integrated members of the family of na­ fulfill it's limited mandate. But for the agency tionable activity of the firms listed above in­ tions-the only real benefit of self-determina­ to truly inspire confidence in its safeguards, its volved U.S. firms. For example, Gildemeister tion. role must be expanded. The IAEA must be Projekta placed an order in 1986 with two U.S. companies, Electronics Associates of Mr. Speaker, I am including for the RECORD able to perform random and unannounced in­ a list of other captive nations, those with bor­ spects of any nuclear facilities, declared or New Jersey and Gould of Fort Lauderdale, who unwittingly supplied the Sa'ad 16 com­ ders and without: undeclared, in any country in the world which plex with a sophisticated computer. Ger­ Slovenia, Croatia, Cambodia, Latvia, Lithua­ has signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Only many's MBB allegedly acquired electronic nia, Estonia, Armenia, Georgia, Moldavia, when these and other steps are taken will we measuring instruments from the U.S. firm, Tibet, Mongolia, the Kurds, and blacks in have any real assurances that clandestine nu­ Wiltron, Inc., and then resold them to Iraq South Africa, who still do not have the right to clear weapons programs are not taking place while Matrix-Churchill's procurements were vote. in the lraqs of this world. partially financed through the U.S. branch of FOREIGN FffiMS REPORTED IN ILLICIT NUCLEAR the Italian Banca Nazionale Del Lavoro. Besides the controversial attempt to pur­ TRADE WITH IRAQ H.R. 2913 Numerous foreign firms are involved in the chase a U.S.-manufactured supercomputer illicit export of nuclear technology to (which could be used for nuclear weapons re­ proliferant countries such as Iraq. Some of search), Brazil's Embraer signed a $700 mil­ HON. Bill ARCHER lion purchase option in 1990 to sell its air­ these companies are profiled in a series of OF TEXAS craft to Westair Holding Inc. and United Ex­ case studies produced by the Emerging Nu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clear Suppliers & Nonproliferation Project of press. MBB also has major U.S. trade rela­ the Monterey Institute. A sample of several tions. For example, it agreed in 1987 to pur­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 sue communication satellite contracts in firms supplying Iraq, the allegations against Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, a uniform inter­ them, and their significant U.S. trade rela­ conjunction with France's Aerospatiale and General Electric of the United States. national order in corporate taxation has long tions is extracted from those studies and is been established between the United States listed below. Several of the firms represented are German, but other European and Latin and its trading partners to encourage trade American concerns are represented as well. CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK and profitability of multinational corporations, One of the most notorious German firms to ensure the right to tax their activities is eq­ engaged in illicit nuclear trade is H & H Met­ HON. JOHN JOSEPH MOAKLEY uitably distributed between countries, and to alform GmbH, a machine tool manufacturer. OF MASSACHUSETI'S avoid double taxation. The foundation of this H & H Metalform allegedly delivered special­ international order is the application of arm's­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ized machinery to Iraq for the production of length separate accounting by all jurisdictions. enriched uranium-a critical nuclear weap­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 That method of corporate tax assessment is ons-related material-and reportedly agreed to establish an entire plant in that country. Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, this past year required by the Internal Revenue Code and The transfer of sensitive enrichment design has been an expectant one for the people of the model treaties of the United States, the information to Iraq may also have occurred the Baltic States. Many times in this past year United Nations and the Organization for Eco­ through former employees of Germany's we have taken the time to reiterate our desire nomic Cooperation and Development. The MAN Technologie GmbH, a major supplier of to see the Salties free and independent. This Federal Government and our trading partners such technology. Two Swiss firms, week, the 33d Captive Nations Week, in which have agreed to use arm's-length separate ac­ Schaeublin SA and Schmiedemeccanica SA, when we contemplate and commemorate the counting in every income tax treaty to which are also accused of supplying Iraq with ura­ struggle for self-determination around the they are parties. nium enrichment components and manufac­ turing tools. world, affords us yet another opportunity. Under arm's-length separate accounting, Another German trading firm, Export­ There is no doubt that the Soviet Union, just corporations are subject to tax only by the ju­ Union GmbH, with annual sales around DM as those nations considered as captive, wish­ risdiction in which they operate and only on 70 million, filled a 1990 Iraqi order for 54 tons es to join the family of nations as an equal the portion of their income attributable to the of special steel suitable for nuclear weapons­ and powerful partner. Perestroika and business carried on in that jurisdiction. Profits related applications while training Iraqi spe­ glasnost, restructuring and openness, are not are subsequently taxable when distributed as cialists in how to process the material. The just means to this end, they are fundamental. dividends in those jurisdictions where the divi­ steel was originally produced by the German firm Saarstahl. German investigations of In this world of intertwined lines of commu­ dends are received for tax purposes. If mem­ both firms continue. nication and trade, the Soviet Union, as any bers of a corporate group do business with Several German enterprises were impli­ other nation, can ill afford to establish bound­ each other, intercompany pricing is required to cated in Iraq's Sa'ad 16 weapons development aries that are taken by force and guarded like be the same as prices which would be complex where nuclear and missile-related a fortress. charged between unrelated companies. research is believed to have occurred. The The United States has always been, and will Only Alaska, California, Montana, and North general construction contractor, continue to be, the leading advocate of self­ Dakota use a conflicting method, "worldwide Gildemeister Projekta GmbH, was in fact a determination. However, we do understand the German firm now facing criminal proceed­ combined reporting." Montana applies it to ings. Germany's largest aerospace concern, unavoidable tensions of these struggles. It is U.S.-based multicorporate groups, but not to Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm GmbH (MBB) easy to understand the frustrations of a coun­ those based overseas. Worldwide combined also participated in the development of that try divided by ethnic nationalism, but we must reporting is not used by any country in the center along with Transtechnica, an MBB stress the need for lawful and peaceful resolu­ world or by the other 41 of the 45 States subsidiary. tions. Without the law, there will always be which tax corporate income. 18566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Worldwide combined reporting combines the HONORING THOSE THAT SERVED has found a new tool to use in their favor: the profits of related but separate corporations permanent replacement employee. Replacing worldwide and taxes them based on the ratio HON. JACK REED legitimate strikers with permanent replacement of payroll, property, and sales of the subsidi­ OF RHODE ISLAND employees or even threatening to do so ne­ ary in the State to the payroll, property and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gates a union worker's fundamental right to sales of the entire worldwide corporate group. strike. It tilts the balance of fairness in our col­ Separate entities, dividend flows, and sources Tuesday, July 16, 1991 lective-bargaining system in favor of the em­ of profitable activity are ignored. The mere Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to pay ployer. presence of a corporation subjects the income tribute to the American servicemen who saw I ask the opponents of H.R. 5 to explain to earned overseas by it and its overseas affili­ combat and sustained casualties during troop me the difference between firing a legally strik­ ates to State tax in direct contradiction to es­ deployments in Lebanon, Grenada and Pan­ ing employee and permanently replacing that tablished international and Federal tax policy. ama. employee. American and overseas-based corporate It is important to remember that troops were It's like saying I am going to kill you-do groups are adversely affected. stationed in Lebanon for more than 2 years you want to be shot or stabbed? The end re­ under hostile conditions. By the end of 1983, sult is the same-you're dead. The use of this conflicting method of cor­ 257 servicemen had lost their lives in Beirut. The end result for the striking employee porate tax assessment by a few States has Eighteen American soldiers lost their lives in who is permanently replaced is the same as disrupted international tax policy and prevents service to their country in Grenada. There the striking employee who is fired-no job and the United States from speaking with one were also 20,000 servicemen who were sta­ no paycheck. voice in matters of international taxation. For tioned in Panama during Operation Just Tomorrow, the House will consider the over a decade, our trading partners have for­ Cause and 24 servicemen died during this de­ Workplace Fairness Act which will give us the mally conveyed their objections. The United ployment. opportunity to restore the balance in our col­ Kingdom's House of Commons even enacted At a time when our Nation is honoring those lective-bargaining system. I urge my col­ retaliatory legislation. Most recently, the Gov­ who served in the Persian Gulf, we must not leagues to support this legislation. ernments of Canada, the United Kingdom, and forget to also recognize the hardships of those Australia, Austria, Finland, Japan, Sweden, men and women who served so proudly. Switzerland, and the 12 member countries of These individuals were also away from their THE NOMINATION OF CLARENCE the European Communities-Belgium, Den­ homes and families during holidays, birthdays THOMAS-A PERSPECTIVE FROM mark, France, Federal Republic of Germany, and other special events. Their families en­ THE PADUCAH SUN Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Neth­ dured many of the same ordeals and worries erlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United King­ as did the families of Desert Storm soldiers. It HON. CARROil. HUBBARD, JR. dom-filed briefs in the Supreme Court of the is time that the soldiers who served in past OF KENTUCKY State of California pointing out their objections deployments receive the same kind of support IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the use of worldwide combined reporting and appreciation that we have seen in the Tuesday, July 16, 1991 and their frustration at the resultant inability of months following Operation Desert Storm. the United States to speak with one voice in Mr. Speaker, I ask my fellow colleagues to Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, today I would such matters. The U.S. Department of Justice join me as I recognize and honor those mem­ like to take this opportunity to bring to the at­ also filed a brief in the case, agreeing with the bers of our Armed Forces who took part in tention of my colleagues an excellent editorial decisions of the California trial court and the military operations in Grenada, Beirut and written by Don Gordon, the editorial page edi­ court of appeals, that worldwide combined re­ Panama. And, I also ask you to join me in sa­ tor of The Paducah Sun. The Paducah, KY, porting when applied to a U.S. corporation luting the thousands of men and women in newspaper is the largest daily newspaper in with an overseas parent corporation and to an uniform around the world from Korea to the my western Kentucky district. The editorial ap­ overseas corporation with overseas subsidi­ Kurdish frontier, who even as we speak, man peared in the newspaper on Wednesday, July aries is unconstitutional, a violation of the for­ the watchtowers of freedom. We must not for­ 3. eign commerce clause of the Constitution of get the service of all of these men and Under the insightful leadership of the news­ the United States. women. paper's senior managers, president Fred Paxton and editor Jim Paxton, this newspaper I am introducing today for myself and Rep­ consistently contains editorials which provide a resentatives COBLE, GIBBONS, GRADISON, SUPPORT FOR H.R. 5 respected perspective on issues confronting LEWIS of Georgia, RA y' SHAYS, RHODES, ROB­ our Nation, State and region. ERTS, and VANDER JAGT, H.R. 2913, the Do­ HON. MIKE KOPETSKI This particular editorial concerns the nomi­ mestic Corporation Taxation Equality Act of nation of Judge Clarence Thomas to serve as 1991. The bill addresses the problems result­ OF OREGON an associate justice on the U.S. Supreme ing from the use of worldwide combined re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Court. porting. The bill also addresses the double Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Because of the importance of this issue, I taxation which occurs when a few States sep­ Mr. KOPETSKI. Mr. Speaker, in 1860, Abra­ would urge my colleagues to read this edi­ arately tax intercorporate dividends received ham Lincoln stated: torial. by American corporations from their overseas The editorial is as follows: affiliates, without allowing any credit or exemp­ I am glad to know that there is a system of labor where the laborer can strike if he THOMAS' PAST Is REVEALING OF MAN tion for taxes paid in the country in which that wants to! I would to God that such a system There is little profit in pondering such income was earned. The principle is the same, prevailed all over the world. imponderables as whether there is, or should that income was earned outside the United Well, President Lincoln would be dismayed be, a black seat on the U.S. Supreme Court, States and the taxing jurisdiction of any State, that this system is in jeopardy today. or for that matter a female, Hispanic or Jew­ ish seat. and is subject to the tax of the country in For over a century, this country has main­ which it was earned. The facts are, a black man is leaving the tained a tradition that allows workers to court and another black man has been nomi­ In this time of increased global competition, unionize and, as a last resort, to strike. In fact, nated to take his place, and the only really we should not ignore the practices of a few the National Labor Relations Act and the Rail­ important questions have to do with Clar­ States that detract from the ability of our cor­ way Labor Act were enacted by Congress to ence Thomas' fitness for the job. porations to compete internationally and from guarantee these rights. NLRA and RLA also President Bush is not very convincing our ability as a nation to encourage invest­ provide a level playing field for management when he says race had nothing to do with his ment. We should act to resolve the disruption selection of Mr. Thomas, but so what? If he and organized labor to settle disputes. While is qualified for the high bench, his skin pig­ to this country's foreign policy that results from not always perfect, these laws have main­ mentation makes no difference. the use by four States of a method of tax as­ tained a fair balance. From President Bush's standpoint, the sessment that contradicts the tax policy of the Mr. Speaker, that balance has shifted over consensus politically ideal successor to United States and the rest of the world. the past decade. Why? Because management Thurgood Marshall was thought to be a mi- July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18567 nority citizen who shares the president's matches his philosophy, which is one good I hope that others will join us in the working general philosophy. Mr. Thomas, now a fed­ reason for his confirmation. for the prompt adoption of the Social Security eral appeals judge in Washington, D.C., and Protection Act by the House. formei'ly the head of the U.S. Equal Employ­ The text of our bill follows: ment Opportunity Commission, fits the SOCIAL SECURITY NEEDS OUR mold. PROTECTION H.R. 2898 Confirmation is not destined to be routine. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ It rarely can be when the Senate and the resentatives of the United States of America in White House are controlled by opposing par­ HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. Congress assembled, ties, especially during times of sharp ideo­ OF MICHIGAN SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. logical divisions in the country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This Act may be cited as the "Social Secu­ Mr. Thomas can expect to come under seri­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 rity Protection Act of 1991". ous challenge, if not outright attack, from SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, today along abortion rights and civil rights groups, as The Congress finds that- well as the Judiciary Committee's leading with my distinguished colleague from New (1) the intent of the Budget Enforcement liberals. York, FRANK HORTON, and 24 additional Mem­ Act of 1990 was to exclude from the calcula­ The man is a conservative, as that term is bers from both sides of the aisle, I am intro­ tions of the Federal budget the entire OASDI commonly understood, which in itself is ducing the Social Security Protection Act of program, both the trust funds and the appro­ enough to draw heated opposition from some 1991. priations for their administration; quarters. As all of us in this Chamber remember, last (2) the intent of the Budget Enforcement One past statement by Mr. Thomas is par­ year in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 was to exempt from the limi ta­ ticularly revealing of his outlook: "Race­ Act, we excluded Social Security trust fund re­ tions on domestic discretionary spending es­ conscious remedies in this society are dan­ tablished by the Balanced Budget and Emer­ gerous. You can't orchestrate society along ceipts and expenditures from the budget and gency Deficit Control Act of 1985 the entire racial lines by saying there should be 10 per­ Gramm-Rudman-Hollings spending calcula­ OASDI program, including appropriations for cent blacks, 15 percent Hispanics." tions. The administration, however, has taken its administration; Does that mean Mr. Thomas' elevation to the position that trust fund expenditures which (3) the intent of the Budget Enforcement the Supreme Court would be "a sad day for pay the costs of operating the Social Security Act of 1990 was to exempt from sequestration older workers, for minorities and for system are still subject to Gramm-Rudman­ under the Balanced Budget and Emergency women," as one senior citizen advocate con­ Hollings. Deficit Control Act of 1985 the entire OASDI tends? The purpose of our bill is to correct this program, including appropriations for its ad­ Not likely. It more probably means Mr. ministration; and Thomas would bring to the court a healthy misperception and to make it clear once and (4) this legislation is necessary to correct and well-taken skepticism about preferential for all that all moneys in the Social Security the interpretation by the Office of Manage­ treatment on behalf of any class of citizens, trust funds are protected from the pressures of ment and Budget that administrative ex­ a point of view beyond reasonable constitu­ the budget and the impact of Gramm-Rud­ penses of the OASDI are not included in the tional challenge. man-Hollings, including expenditures to pay Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. It is almost impossible to believe that Mr. the costs of administering Social Security pro­ SEC. 3. CLARIFICATION OF OFF-BUDGET STATUS Thomas, given his background, ever would be grams. OF ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES hostile to individual rights or insensitive to This protection is especially important be­ PAID FROM OASDI TRUST FUNDS. the plight of people. Section 13301(a) of the Omnibus Budget The nominee was born into poverty in Sa­ cause Social Security old-age and survivor in­ Reconciliation Act of 1990 is amended- vannah, Ga., experienced the bigotry that af­ surance, and Social Security disability insur­ (!) by inserting "(including the expenses of flicted his race, sampled the black militancy ance are critical safety nets for the American administering the old-age, survivors, and dis­ of the 1960s and emerged as an individual of people. Without funds to pay the administra­ ability insurance programs)" before "shall"; education and achievement-and his own tive expenses of Social Security, benefits and and convictions. claims payments cannot be processed. I do (2) by adding at the end the following new His biography to date doesn't in itself not believe that Social Security beneficiaries sentence: qualify Mr. Thomas as a Supreme Court jus­ should be held hostage to the budget process. "No expenses of administering the old-age, tice, but it provides a measure of what is in­ survivors, and disability insurance programs side the man, not an unimportant consider­ Under the administration's view, the funds needed to operate Social Security are subject shall be subject to sequestration under the ation. Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Professional qualifications tend to be in to possible sequestration, which would disrupt Control Act of 1985.". the eye of the beholder. Judicial tempera­ these vital programs. Indeed, during the 1990 SEC. 4. EXCLUSION OF ADMINISTRATIVE EX· ment, however that might be defined, usu­ sequester, the Social Security Administration PENSES FOR OASDI TRUST FUNDS ally is mentioned, and most presidents say underwent a 2.4 percent cut, which is causing FROM TREATMENT AS DISCRE· they covet "strict constructionists" as serious problems, in processing disability TIONARY APPROPRIATIONS. bench nominees. Experience, of course, is an claims due to the resultant "downsizing." (a) DEFINITION OF CATEGORY.-Section objective criterion, and here Mr. Thomas' There are ample moneys in the trust funds 250(c)(4)(A) of the Balanced Budget and record is a bit thin, his having served just to pay the operating expenses of Social Secu­ Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is over a year as an appeals court judge. amended by inserting after "1990" the follow­ Critics shouldn't gain much ground on that rity and sequestration serves no purpose. The ing: ", except that expenses for the adminis­ score, however, considering the impressive Social Sequrity Protecton Act of 1991 would tration of the social security old-age and amount of precedent for appointing Supreme also expressly protect administrative expendi­ survivors ·insurance trust fund and the dis­ Court justices with little or no judicial back­ tures from these funds from sequestration. ability insurance trust fund (20-a000-0-7-651 ground. Earl Warren, Hugo Black and an in­ Our bill has already secured wide bipartisan and 20-a007--0-7-651) shall not be considered to cumbent, Byron White, come to mind. Nei­ support including the following cosponsors: be within any category.". ther Joe Biden nor Ted Kennedy would have Mr. ACKERMAN, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. MFUME, Mr. (b) EXCLUSION FROM REDUCTION UNDER SE­ objected to any of the three. PETERSON of Minnesota, Mr. YATES, Mr. RA­ QUESTRATION ORDER.-Section 256(h)(4) of the The ethnic, racial and gender makeup of HALL, Ms. DELAURO, Mr. PAYNE, Mr. ENGLISH, Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit the U.S. Supreme Court cannot be dismissed Control Act of 1985 is amended by inserting lightly. The highest court of the land makes Mr. CARDIN, Mr. CONDIT, Mr. MORAN, Ms. at the end the following: decisions profoundly affecting all Americans MINK, Ms. NORTON, Mr. WISE, Mr. FLAKE, Mr. "(J) The old-age, survivors and disability and it would not do if its places were occu­ THORNTON, Mr. MCGRATH, Mr. ERDREICH, Mr. insurance (OASDI) programs.''. pied always by nine white males of northern Cox of Illinois, Mr. BARNARD, Mrs. COLLINS of SEC. 5. EFFECT OF AMENDMENTS MADE BY THIS European ancestry. Yet it is not appropriate Illinois, Mr. KLECZKA, Mr. FRANK, Mr. TOWNS, ACT ON DISCRETIONARY SPENDING to think of the court in terms of special con­ Mr. BONIOR, Mr. LAFALCE, Mr. NOWAK, Ms. LIMITS. stituencies. Sandra Day O'Connor doesn't BOXER, Mr. MCNULTY, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. WEISS, No amendment made by this Act shall represent the interests of women; Antonin Mr. CLINGER, Mr. MCCANDLESS, Mr. SHAYS, Mr. cause any adjustment to be made under sec­ Scalia is not there to look after the concerns tion 251(b) of the Balanced Budet and Emer­ of Italian-Americans. And Clarence Thomas HOBSON, Mr. LEWIS of Florida, Mr. MARTIN, Mr. gency Deficit Control Act of 1985 to any dis­ should not be regarded as the black justice. HASTERT, Mrs. BENTLEY, Ms. Ros-LEHTINEN, cretionary spending limit (as defined in sec­ He happens to be black. That is all. From Mr. MACHTLEY, Mr. QUILLEN, and Mr. EMER­ tion 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget what is known of him, that perspective SON. Act of 1974). 18568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE. Montgomery would never dream of behaving who head most unions these days,' says Pro­ This Act and the amendments made by it that way. They can read a calendar. They fessor Eli Ginzberg, of Columbia Univer­ shall apply to any fiscal year beginning on or know what year this is. sity ... after October 1, 1990. But they haven't gotten to the point where Rivera was born in 1950 in Albonito, a they have started having heart-to-hearts small industrial and farming town about an with their esteemed colleagues. (Like Edu­ hour's drive south of San Juan ... Dennis's HARASSMENT HARMFUL BUT IT'S cation Secretary Lamar Alexander, I'm a father was Daniel Hickey, an Irish-American TREATABLE firm believer in the benefits of adult edu­ from Dunkirk, New York, who ... came to cation.) Puerto Rico ... in search of a site for a fac­ Also unwilling to speak out: many of the tory [on behalf of his employers. There he HON. BARNEY FRANK women who every day bear the brunt of this met, married and settled into a comfortable OF MASSACHUSETTS pervasive attitude. house with Dennis' mother-a Puerto Rican IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Part of it is that for many, a quick retort of Spanish extraction.] ... could cost them a job. For all the gains Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Dennis showed from his earliest years that women have made in recent years-evident he was unlikely ever to become a pillar of Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, even in Montgomery from the growing num­ the establishment ... Radical activities en­ sexual harassment is an issue which has been ber of women working the halls as lobbyists, grossed him during his university years ... ignored-and unfortunately even snickered as reporters-the men still hold the power. [H]e began leading marches in opposition to at-for too long. We are dealing with one leg­ They control the flow of money, jobs and in­ higher tuition, and joining other students in islative response to it as part of our civil rights formation. demanding a larger voice for students . . . In There are other, more complicated reasons. 1973, Rivera's itch to remake the world had bill. There are also efforts going on in the We've all heard these comments: become so strong that he quit the university House to address our own procedures with re­ "Cause a fuss, and you'll be cut out of the ... [and] accepted an invitation to sign on gard to it. And one of the most important loop." with [a sanitation union that he believed was things that can be done in dealing with this "That's just the way these guys are." doing nothing for its members] . . . After outrageous practice is to publicize the extent "They just want to get a rise out of you- that, Rivera assumed a prominent role in or­ to which women have been, sadly, expected let it slide." ganizing hospital and home-health-care Or these: to just accept it. workers into what became one of the island's " Come on, can't you take a joke?" biggest and strongest unions. . . Fortunately, young women in particular see "Hey, honey, I was just trying to pay you no reason why they should simply go along [Changes in his personal life] . . . in 1976 a compliment." prompted Rivera to leave the island and with a practice which degrades them. And I "What are you so sensitive about? Wrong come to New York to settle ... [After a New have seen no better exposition on the refusal time of the month?" York job search, he] ... turned to Local of young women to put up with this out­ I'm luckier than most. The guys doing the 1199, the union that best exemplified the vir­ rageous behavior on the part of some men harassing aren't my employers; they aren't tues Rivera felt a labor organization ought and a recent article in the Montgomery Star even my colleagues. And working for a news­ to have ... The local had begun organizing paper gives me a certain power even the written by political correspondent Pat Lewis. hospital employees in the late nineteen-fif­ most cavemannish of lawmakers can under­ ties . . . It had been founded by a small cote­ Mr. Speaker, particularly in this era of ethical stand. Does the phrase "ink by the barrel" sensitivity, I feel compelled to disclose that the rie of extreme leftists lead by Leon Davis, a ring any bells? pro-Communist native of Russia, who had author of this superb denunciation of sexual I don't know why this behavior is so preva­ been a drugstore clerk in Harlem . . . harassment of women is, in addition to being lent in the capital. It's certainly not con­ Rivera's experience in organizing hospital the political correspondent for the Montgomery fined to Montgomery, or the Statehouse employees in Puerto Rico proved a passport Star, my niece, the daughter of my sister Ann halls, as attested to by the recent resigna­ to a job ... to serve the local's mushroom­ Lewis. But I ask that it be printed here anyway tion of a highly respected Stanford Univer­ ing Hispanic membership ... [But in spite of sity physician who, at age 50, said she simply Rivera's success in his new role, the local because it is an extraordinarily well done arti­ couldn't take the harassment. cle on a very important subject. had been in decline-a decline that had been All I know is that we shouldn't let these exacerbated by the change, a change in HARASSMENT HARMFUL BUT IT'S TREATABLE guys off the hook. It's not funny. It's not union leadership. Davis had retired.] ... (By Pat Lewis) harmless. [H]is successor, Doris Turner, a former die­ MONTGOMERY.-Have you heard the one But it is treatable. tary clerk given to religious proselytizing about the legislator and the reporter? and black nationalism, paid little heed to They're in this restaurant that's a popular Davis's more traditional secular leftism ... gathering spot for lawmakers, the working HONORING DENNIS RIVERA For Rivera, a youthful Davis aficionado, the press, lobbyists. The legislator spots the re­ struggle was a painful but valuable edu­ porter, and beckons her over to his table. cation, showing him what unionism at its "I just wanted to tell you I think you have HON. BILL RICHARDSON OF NEW MEXICO most virulent and violent could be... the nicest breasts in the press corps," he The tide began to turn [for Rivera and the says sincerely. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other anti-Turnerites] in September, 1985, So she says, "Well, at least they're bigger Tuesday, July 16, 1991 when the Labor Department at last estab­ than your brain." lished rules and guidelines for a new elec­ Unfortunately, it's no joke. I'm the re­ Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, there are tion, to be held the following April ... Ri­ porter. It was our first, and given his low­ many young political leaders emerging in this vera and his confederates nominated . . . key role in the House, likely our last, con­ country. One of these is Dennis Rivera; presi­ Georginna Johnson, a black social-work as­ versation. dent, AFL-CIO Union Local 1199 in New York I'm not going to name him because his re­ sistant-and she campaigned for the presi­ City. As the following article in the New Yorker dency on a racially balanced ticket: it in­ mark was no unique instance of cluded Rivera for executive vice-president miscommunication. indicates, Rivera's meteoric rise has been Instead, it's an example of how too many characterized by a combination of toughness, . . . [as well other blacks, hispanics, and male elected officials talk to women in, and tenacity, compassion, and hard work. He three whites] ... Johnson squeaked through to victory by a margin of only 2,933 votes, out of, the Statehouse. makes every Hispanic in this country proud of Ask anyone whose job brings them in close out of 35,011 cast ... That comparatively his accomplishments. Obviously we have not narrow win, unfortunately, didn't put an end contact with the Legislature and you'll be heard the last of Dennis Rivera. treated to a depressing litany of harassing to the intra-union conflict ... within a year remarks and gestures against women. I think my colleagues would be interested in it became plain that there was almost as It ranges from the unprintable to the rou­ reading selected excerpts from "Dennis Ri­ much discontent with Johnson's palace tine, but it adds up to be downright exhaust­ vera: Getting Things Done," which appeared guard as there was among Turner ing. Ask some guy about insurance premium in the December 10, 1990, issue of the New diehards... taxes, and he'll tell you what a cute little [In February 1988 a new slate was put to­ Yorker: gether to compete against her in April 1989 thing you are. [From the New Yorker, Dec. 10, 1990) Try to take notes in an interview, and you with] the designation of Rivera as standard­ find yourself shrugging off unwanted phys­ DENNIS RIVERA: GETTING THINGS DONE bearer in the drive to replace Johnson... 'It ical contact at the same time. . . . [A] leader began to emerge-a soft-spo­ was basically not a strongly contested elec­ Now, let me point out that they are not all ken Puerto Rican named Dennis Rivera ... tion,' Rivera says. 'Johnson went into her like that. A number of men who work in 'is an exciting change from the schlumps shell'. . . Rivera won by a nine-to-one July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18569 ratio-an almost incredible result in any President of the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Sues Because south Floridians are fervent and union where a president is running for re­ were transformed from a losing team to a loyal sports fans, I am confident that the major election, with all the built in advantages of World Series contender. Given Huizenga's league has made a wise decision to grant incumbency. . . track record, I am confident that he will make [Almost immediately after taking office, them an expansion team. South Florida, like the] calendar compelled him to begin bar­ the decisions necessary to make the Marlins a myself, will wholeheartedly support the Marlins gaining for a new master contract with the success. just as they have the Miami Dolphins, the League of Voluntary Hospitals ... Rivera's South Florida's great excitement about the Miami heat, and the University of Miami Hurri­ initial approach was in the direction of peace Marlins is no surprise given recent history. canes. not war [, as he] met privately with ranking Sports and south Florida have gone hand in hospital officials in an attempt to convince hand. Joe Robbie Stadium and The Orange them that a mutual-assistance pact made Bowl sellout each year when the Miami Dol­ WALLACE McCALL: DADE COUNTY more sense for both sides than a test of stay­ phins and the University of Miami Hurricanes PUBLIC SCHOOLS' PARENT-CITI­ ing power in an extended economic duel. .. The hospitals rejected a joint lobbying ef­ take the field for a football game. In addition, ZEN VOLUNTEER OF THE YEAR fort ... Rivera's next step was a blitz cam­ the annual New Year's Day Orange Bowl, one paign to disabuse the hospitals of any notion of the most prestigious college football bowl HON. WIWAM LEHMAN that the union, despite its bruising internal games, has witnessed some of football's best OF FLORIDA battles, had become a paper tiger... Rivera battles of the past 2 decades. Furthermore, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spread the gospel that no goal was unattain­ the first Blockbuster Bowl proved to be an in­ able in the contract talks if the members stant success as it attracted two perennial Tuesday, July 16, 1991 demonstrated their determination to stand winners and a sellout crowd. Mr. LEHMAN of Florida. Mr. Speaker, together... The union got its first breakthrough ex­ Basketball also has brought a new would like to bring to the attention of my col­ actly a week after the league contract ex­ excitment to our fans. South Floridians con­ leagues a man who has been at the forefront pired, on June 30th, with the negotiations sistently fill the spectacular Miami Arena as of a quiet revolution in Dade County. deadlocked. Five Roman Catholic hospitals they cheer for Reny Seikaly, Sherman Doug­ For years, Wallace McCall has unselfishly and nursing homes, ... agreed to two-year las, Glen Rice, and the rest of the young, ex­ devoted his time and effort to improving our contracts providing annual pay increases... citing, and much improved Miami Heat. community. He is currently president of the The Catholic institutions' decision to take Lastly, baseball is an extremely popular Miami Job Corps Advisory Council, vice presi­ the lead did not come out of the blue. It sport in south Florida. Besides supporting the dent of the Martin Luther King Parade Fes­ arose from the personal philosophy of Car­ great University of Miami baseball team, fans dinal O' Conner as well as [his] admiration tival, vice president of the Greater Miami for Rivera... The Cardinal's high regard for have shown widespread support for major Branch of the NAACP and is a founder of the Rivera was strengthened by the negotia­ league spring training games. In addition to its Inner City Scholarship Foundation. He also tions... 'He has given every evidence in my surplus of spectators, south Florida is a haven serves on the Dade County Police Advisory dealings with him that he is a very decent for future major league stars. A myriad of slug­ Board. man, a man of integrity and high principles,' gers, such as Jose Canseco, Andre Dawson, Mr. McCall has paid special attention to the he said. 'If he maintains that posture, the Rafeal Palmiero, and Oddibe McDowell, grew students at Charles R. Drew Elementary sky is the limit for the beneficial influence up playing little league and high school base­ School, an inner-city school that has become he can have on the labor movement and, in ball in sunny south Florida. Because of the fa­ that sense, on the country. I think he can be­ a model for other such schools around the come one of the great labor leaders in the vorable weather, youngsters in Florida have country. I would like to share with my· col­ United States.' the opportunity to play baseball all year round. leagues two articles which provide more detail As a result, many Florida athletes dedicate about Mr. McCall's achievements and activi ... their time to baseball, thus providing fans, col­ ties: PLAY BALL! leges, and major league teams with a constant [From the Miami Times, June 20, 1991] , supply of talented players. WALLACE MCCALL MAKES MARK AS HON. LAWRENCE J. SMITH Now that south Florida has its own squad, DISTRICT'S TOP PARENT VOLUNTEER OF FLORIDA it will no longer have to settle for watching its (By Ebony Jasper) native stars and other baseball greats on tele­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If he's not raising funds for Drew Elemem­ vision. The fans will finally have the chance to Tuesday, July 16, 1991 tary School, he's at a public hearing,. g,Lving:· vote for their favorite players for the All-Star voice to community problems. Mr. SMITH of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I rise Game, see their idols up close, and perhaps This year's ParentJCenter Volunteer, of"the today in celebration of Florida's acquisition of snag an autograph or a foul ball. Year for Dade County is Wallace McCall. "r-. a major league baseball team. I would like to Joe Robbie Stadium also will provide an at­ enjoy helping an enabling others to help one~ thank Wayne Huizenga whose dedication and mosphere in which south Florida's unique, di­ another," he says simply. foresight helped make the dream a reality. verse community can unite together. Whether McCall, who visits 26 schools in D.ad'e.:.Coun:­ When Frank Robinson, the former manager the players render cheers, jeers, or tears, ty, is a former general foreman at, Miami' International Airport and is now cQlllllli_:tted: of the Baltimore Orioles, first brought his team south Floridians will congregate at Joe Robbie to helping the youth in the community. to Joe Robbie Stadium for a 1989 Spring Stadium and root for a Marlins victory. Wheth­ His favorite school is Charles R. Dltew1El-e;. training game, he complained of the field's er they originally came from New York or the mentary, 1775 N.W. 60th St. This B£h"Goll was> poor conditions, especially the short outfield Caribbean, the Midwest, Cuba, or South at one time considered one of tlte. wars.tr. fence. Since then, the innovative Huizenga America, the fans can now come to share in schools because it is in the heart Qf the dtuit has replaced the first several rows of outfield the making of an intense "wave" or simply sit area. (Fred) Morley (princii;)al)' b.asi w.on.ke:dt seats with retractable ones. During the Miami back and relax while debating their opinions of hard to change that stereotype a:nd IJCV.W iltt iSi Dolphins football games, the seats are elec­ the game. number-one and I call this home-."' Known for his captain ha~ M eaD.J aftem l!lei game. During baseball games, the seats are Many adults and children will always be able found at a community affair and. J:ie!s ain adt-­ pulled together to expand the size of the out­ to recall their first major league baseball vocate of change and improvemelllt field. As a result, when Frank Robinson trav­ game. Nearly every New York Giants' and He often invites locall lea.ders toi viisit; the eled with his team to Joe Robbie Stadium last Brooklyn Dodgers' fan vividly remembers school to talk with the chlld!lten ~tai.t, t:lit.~lr' March, he told the press that he was happily Bobby Thompson's dramatic home run at the careers and the importance of a edl!ll.caticm.. stunned with Huizenga's improvements. Polo Grounds which propelled the Giants into The days in which he's not at a s.ehool he:lp­ ing students he's probably bUS& with his As Huizenga has brought success to Block­ the 1951 World Series. Whether they are ex­ other projects and a.ctivities. buster Video and the Blockbuster Bowl, so wUI hilarating or disappointing moments, they have He's president of the Mia.mi Job Corps Ad­ he bring success to the Marlins. He has a commanding ability to unit spectators and visory Council, he sits on the Advisory Boa.rd brought in a talented and experienced execu­ leave them spellbound as they forget all their of Jan-Mann Youth Center. is vice-president tive, Car1 Barger. In Barger's short time as other worries. of the Martin Luther King Parade Festival, 18570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 member of the Dade County Advisory Board INTRODUCTION OF THE BALTI­ to the region. Also, it would demonstrate the and began the Inner City Scholarship Foun­ MORE-WASHINGTON CORRIDOR region's commitment to building a 21st-century dation. He is also a member of the Southern MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANS­ economy. Further advantages include the Christian Leadership Council, vice-president PORTATION ACT OF 1991 presence of BWI Airport as a feeder into the of Greater Miami branch of NAACP, member proposed maglev line, and the extended line of the Dade County Police Advisory Board and a crime-prevention council member. HON. BENJAMIN L CARDIN to be created running the length of the North­ OF MARYLAND east corridor. McCall says he is not seeking publicity but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The legislation I am introducing today with is concerned about Dade County and chil­ my colleagues, Representatives MFUME, Tuesday, July 16, 1991 dren. He's often the only Black advocate at MCMILLEN, MORELLA, and NORTON, from the many public hearings because many Blacks Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ have to work and "if someone's not present region, would provide for a feasibility study, six ducing the Baltimore-Washington Corridor 1-year grants for a design competition, and to express our views, we're often over­ Magnetic Levitation Transportation Act of looked." Federal matching funds on a 50--50 basis for 1991. This legislation authorizes development development of the line. Only American com­ of a magnetic levitation line between Balti­ panies and organizations will be eligible to WALLACE MCCALL AN ALL-AROUND SPECIAL more, MD and Washington, DC. This 40-mile compete. The maglev line will be developed DAD system would serve as the first link for a line by a public-private partnership where the Fed­ He gives them all the things a good father revolutionizing travel through the entire North­ eral Government will work with a private in­ gives his children. He helps them with their east corridor. dustry to prove the viability of this new tech­ schoolwork; he helps them develop and show­ The construction of this initial line will bring nology. The system would not only meet case their talents, and he gives them a vision benefits not only to the Baltimore-Washington America's transportation needs, but at the of what they can be in the future. corridor, but to all America as our Nation leads same time, improve America's international development of this cutting edge transpor­ Wallace McCall thinks of Drew Elementary competitiveness in a virtually unlimited market. School as his family. He treats all the chil­ tation system. Magnetic levitation technology, I would ask my colleagues to join me in dren of Drew as it they were his own chil­ commonly known as maglev, was initially in­ support of this technology and legislation. Fur­ dren. vented and researched in the United States in .ther, I include a copy of the bill in the RECORD: the 1960's. However, it was not pursued here Like many concerned parents, he also H.R. 2914 aggressively and only Japan and Germany works to insure that their school and the Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep­ schools they will be attending are providing have developed working model transportation resentatives of the United States of America in the best possible education. systems using this technology. Maglev uses Congress assembled, electromagnetic forces to lift and propel pas­ Having a special father like Wallace SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. McCall is a great experience for the children senger cars a few inches above a guideway at This Act may be cited as the "Baltimore­ of Drew Elementary School. The children of speeds reaching 300 miles per hour or more. Washington Corridor Magnetic Levitation Drew are very proud that he's been chosen as Testing of small-scale systems has shown the Transportation System Demonstration Act Dade County Public Schools' ParentJCitizen promise of maglev as a safe, fast, environ­ of 1991". Volunteer of the Year. mentally sound, economically viable, and en­ SEC. 2. FINDINGS. ergy efficient form of transport. Congress finds that- If you were to visit Drew Elementary (1) our Nation's aviation safety and high­ school, you would find Wallace McCall pa­ Mr. Speaker, the Baltimore-Washington cor­ ridor would be an appropriate testing ground way network are increasingly overburdened tiently helping students who have trouble resulting in inefficiencies which waste bil­ with reading and math. for this technology as maglev would link two lions of potentially productive working major urban centers across varying terrains. On another day, you would find him intro­ hours each year at a tremendous cost to the ducing one of the many community business There are already approximately 100,000 Nation's economy; and professional people he brings to Drew El­ commuters traveling daily between these 2 (2) the cost of conventional transportation ementary to serve as role models for children cities, and 4,600 businesses based in the re­ by automobile, aircraft, and rail is high and and to give them ideas for future careers. gion. This combined area ranks fourth among because these conventional systems rely the Nation's largest metropolitan areas. The heavily on fossil fuels which are in limited On Wednesdays, you would find Wallace supply, costs will continue to rise as energy McCall at an area restaurant with talented implementation of a maglev system could end costs increase and as the Nation's transpor­ students from Drew. He arranges opportuni­ the backups on 1-95 and the Baltimore-Wash­ tation infrastructure deteriorates; ties to showcase their performing arts tal­ ington Parkway. In a January 1991 study enti­ (3) safety and environmental problems ents at club luncheons. One of these lunch­ tled "Roadway Congestion in Major Urban which are not easily addressed are also cre­ eon events was the Orange Bowl Committee's Areas, 1982-1988," it was found that of the ated from aviation and highway congestion reception to salute Dr. Martin Luther King six Northeast cities, Washington and Baltimore and entail additional costs; Jr., which was held at the Bayside Market­ ranked first and fifth respectively in terms of (4) magnetic levitation is a developing place. traffic congestion. The study also stated that transportation technology which is high speed, environmentally clean, energy effi­ He's on the school's Magnet Advisory Washington itself had the third worst traffic cient, quiet, and safe; Board and has raised money for the talented problem in the country costing approximately (5) the Governments of Japan and Germany arts magnet program. He has also raised $1.73 billion a year in lost time, gas consump­ have each spent over Sl,000,000,000 research­ money for much-needed uniforms and equip­ tion, and accident losses. ing and developing magnetic levitation ment for Drew's Flagette and Drill Team. Besides relieving the density of traffic in this transportation technology and are preparing "As a citizen advocate, he volunteers his area, this system would make commuting to introduce systems in the United States; time during the day and evenings represent­ more convenient. It is projected the system (6) United States scientific and industrial ing the Miami Northwestern Feeder Pat­ would carry 1,000 to 3,000 passengers an capabilities exist to support a domestic mag­ netic levitation industry and to construct tern," says Drew Elementary School Prin­ hour between these 2 cities. With a population operational magnetic levitation transpor­ cipal Fred Morley. "He works to improve the in the region totaling 6 million, the potential for tation systems in the United States; image of all the schools in the feeder pat­ growth in use of the line is great. It could take (7) in order to promote the development of tern." 15 minutes or less to travel between Baltimore a United States designed and constructed "We have called on Mr. McCall in many in­ and Washington, as compared to the time of magnetic levitation transportation system, stances to serve as an advocate for Drew Ele­ 1 hour that it presently takes without complica­ Federal efforts must be undertaken to dem­ mentary School," says Morley. "He has tions. onstrate the feasibility and practicability of never turned us down. He is truly an out­ Additionally, the business sector located such systems; and standing member of the Drew family." within this corridor would benefit from a (8) the corridor between the cities of Balti­ more, Maryland and Washington, District of maglev system making it easier for companies Columbia, possesses numerous characteris­ to locate in Baltimore and do business in tics including a length of approximately 40 Washington, or vice versa. It would lure the miles, exposure to a range of climatic condi­ best minds and other advanced technologies tions, several potential routes, large popu- July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18571 lation bases at both ends and a link with a Columbia, including cost-effectiveness, safe­ (1) MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPOR­ major airport which makes it ideal for a ty, ease of maintenance, ability to achieve TATION.-The term "magnetic levitation demonstration of the feasibility and prac­ speeds of 250 miles per hour, and the poten­ transportation" means suspension, guidance, ticability of a magnetic levitation system tial for the design to be a national model for and propulsion of a vehicle by magnetic which would eventually link the major met­ such systems. forces with no physical contact between the ropolitan areas of the northeast corridor of (d) ELIGIBLE PARTICIPANTS.-Participation vehicle and the guideway. the United States. in the competition required by this section (2) ADMINISTRATOR.-The term "Adminis­ SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. shall be limited to United States businesses trator" means the Administrator of the Fed­ It is the policy of the United States to con­ and consortia of such business, United States eral Railroad Administration. struct and put into operation in the shortest public and private educational and research (3) BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON CORRIDOR.-The time practicable a United States designed organizations, Federal laboratories, and term "Baltimore-Washington Corridor" and constructed magnetically levitated other United States organizations. means a corridor not more than 50 miles in transportation system eventually linking (e) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.-The Adminis­ length connecting the cities of Baltimore, the major metropolitan areas of the north­ trator shall establish terms and conditions Maryland and Washington, District of Co­ east corridor of the United States. to which grants awarded under this section lumbia. shall be subject. SEC. 4. BALTIMORE·WASmNGTON CORRIDOR MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPOR· (f) SELECTION OF FINAL DESIGN.-Not later TATION SYSTEM FEASIBILITY than 28 months after the date of the enact­ RECOGNITION OF TERRYVILLE STUDY. ment of this Act, the Administrator shall re­ CORINTHIANS (a) IN GENERAL.-The Administrator shall view and select from among the design pro­ study the feasibility of constructing a mag­ posals submitted pursuant to this section a single design to be used as the basis for the HON. GEORGEJ. HOCHBRUECKNER netic levitation transportation system be­ OF NEW YORK tween the cities of Baltimore, Maryland, and award of a grant under section 6. In making Washington, District of Columbia. The study the selection required by this subsection, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES required by this section shall include- Administrator shall consider cost-effective­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 (1) a preliminary evaluation of alternative ness, safety, ease of maintenance, ability of the system to achieve speeds of 250 miles per Mr. HOCHBRUECKNER. Mr. Speaker, routes; today I would like to recognize the T erryville (2) a market analysis of potential rider­ hour and the potential for the system to be ship; a national model. The Administrator shall Corinthians soccer team, a group of young (3) an examination of alternative financing also consider the extent to which the design men from eastern Long Island who are dedi­ mechanisms and projected costs; incorporates new and innovative design con­ cated not only to fine scholastic achievement (4) identification of operational character­ cepts and components. and athletics, but also to fighting the war on istics; and SEC. 6. BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON CORRIDOR drugs. The Corinthians are coordinated by Ed­ (5) a determination by the Administrator MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPOR· TATION SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION ward M. Lee, drug awareness chairman for of the feasibility and practicability of con­ the Port Jefferson Elks Lodge, and coached structing a magnetic levitation transpor­ (a) IN GENERAL.-Not later than 31 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, by Francisco Dezubiria. . tation system between the cities of Balti­ This group of 19 men is also known as the more, Maryland, and Washington, District of the Administrator shall award 1 grant in an Columbia. amount as may be necessary, not to exceed Hugs Team for their efforts in the Hugs Are (b) REPORT.-The Administrator shall com­ 50 percent of the total cost, for the purposes Better Than Drugs Program. They have shown plete the report required by subsection (a) of constructing a privately owned and oper­ their peers the dangers of drugs in today's so­ and transmit the results thereof to Congress ated magnetic levitation transportation sys­ ciety by their guest appearances at various not later than 12 months after the date of tem between the cities of Baltimore, Mary­ ceremonies and distribution of antidrug lit­ the enactment of this Act. land and Washington, District of Columbia, erature. Their community involvement, such as (c) FEDERAL SHARE.-The Federal share of in accordance with specifications contained in the design selected pursuant to section marching in the July 6 Brookhaven Town Sa­ the cost of the study required under sub­ lute to All Veterans, and sponsorship by the section (a) shall not exceed 50 percent. 5(f). The grant required by this section shall Elks Lodge, is exemplary. SEC. 5. BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON CORRIDOR be awarded to either State or local govern­ MAGNETIC LEVITATION TRANSPOR· ments or consortia of United States private The Corinthians' efforts on the soccer field TATION SYSTEM DESIGN COMPETI· business. has earned them Sportsmen of the Year hon­ TION. (b) APPLICATION PROCEDURES.-The Admin­ ors at nationwide tournaments. Currently, the (a) IN GENERAL.-Upon a favorable deter­ istrator shall prescribe the form and proce­ players are competing at the National Soccer mination pursuant to section 4(a)(5), the Ad­ dures for applicants to apply for the grant Tournament at the U.S. Air Force Academy in ministrator shall conduct a competition in made available under this section. (C) CRITERIA FOR SELECTION.-Criteria for Colorado. which grants shall be awarded for the re­ Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me search and development of designs for mag­ selection of the grant recipient or recipients netic levitation transportation systems be­ under this section shall be established by the in saluting the young men of the Terryville Co­ tween the cities of Baltimore, Maryland, and Administrator. rinthians, Mr. Lee and Mr. Dezubiria, in their Washington, District of Columbia. (d) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.-A grant made strong commitment on and off the playing (b) AWARD OF GRANTS.- Not later than 15 to an applicant under this section shall be field. I commend them for their sportsmanship months after the date of the enactment of subject to such terms and conditions as may and more importantly for their work to fight the this Act, the Administrator shall award up be prescribed by the Administrator. drug problem in their community. to 6 one-year grants to participants who (e) COOPERATIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP­ have submitted proposals for research and MENT.-ln carrying out this section, the Ad­ development of a design for a magnetic levi­ ministrator may enter into contracts or co­ operative research and development agree­ INTERNATIONAL FISH AND tation transportation system between the WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT cities of Baltimore, Maryland, and Washing­ ments as defined by section 12 of the Steven­ ton, District of Columbia. In awarding such son-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of grants, the Administrator shall take into 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a), except that the Admin­ HON. DON YOUNG consideration the fact that the design may istrator may fund up to 50 percent of the cost OF ALASKA be more easily accomplished if a business, of each collaborative research and develop­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment project undertaken. organization, or other entity receiving such Tuesday, July 16, 1991 grant is located in the State of Maryland or SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. Virginia, or in the District of Columbia. There are authorized to be appropriated­ Mr. YOUNG of Alaska. Mr. Speaker, today (C) RULES AND SELECTION CRITERIA.-The (1) $500,000 for fiscal year 1992 for carrying I am introducing the International Fish and Administrator shall issue rules governing out section 4 of this Act; Wildlife Protection Act, a bill to expand the the competition required under this section, (2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 for carry­ Presidenfs authority to take action against ing out section 5 of this Act; and including criteria that will be used to judge those nations whose citizens violate inter­ and select each proposal for system design (3) such sums as may be necessary for each submitted for consideration. Such selection of the fiscal years 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 for national fish and wildlife conservation agree­ criteria shall include factors relating to the carrying out section 6 of this Act. ments. This bill is identical to H.R. 132 in the construction of a magnetic levitation trans­ SEC. 8. DEFINITIONS. 101 st Congress, which was reported from the portation system between the cities of Balti­ For the purpose of this Act, the following Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee but more, Maryland, and Washington, District of definitions apply: was not taken up by the full House. 18572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 Under existing law, the President is author­ keep its commitment to its former employees S&L crisis, we in the Congress must be con­ ized to embargo the importation of fish and who have relied in good faith on the promises cerned over the significant obligations of these wildlife products from those nations that have made to them, or to its creditors, who also federally chartered organizations. Last year's been certified as diminishing the effectiveness have strong, legitimate claims to whatever pie Budget Reconciliation Act required the Treas­ of international conservation agreements. My is left for Eastern to divide. ury and CBO to submit studies on the GSE's bill expands the President's authority and pro­ The management of Pan Am and the bank­ and recommend legislation by April 30, 1991. vides him with additional foreign policy options ruptcy court must take into account the East­ The Treasury's legislative proposal was in­ by allowing him to embargo any product from ern situation as they struggle through their troduced on June 25, 1991 by Chairman GON­ a certified country. own reorganization. It is imperative that plan­ ZALEZ, Mrs. ROUKEMA, the ranking member of The concept of using embargoes for con­ ning begin now to ensure that Pan Am's retir­ the Housing Subcommittee and myself-by re­ servation reasons is not a new one-it is em­ ees will continue to receive all the health and quest. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have also bodied in the Marine Mammal Protection Act retirement benefits for which they worked and presented their own alternative proposal for and the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and planned most of their lives and now rely on at the committee's consideration. At our direc­ Management Act and has been used with a time in their lives when they are most vul­ tion, the joint staff of the Housing Subcommit­ great success. Unfortunately, the limitation on nerable to illness and reduced income. Pan tee have worked on a bipartisan basis with embargo authority to fish and wildlife products Am owes these individuals nothing less. both Treasury and the GSE's in order to craft has its limits. While the threat of such an em­ Mr. Speaker, Pan Am's current employees, a compromise proposal. This attempted com­ bargo can have great effect, we often face sit­ who may now be facing layoffs, are also in a promise, modeled on the Treasury bill with uations where an offending nation has no ex­ very difficult position. Until 1978, employees of certain changes, creates a separate arms­ ports of fish or wildlife to the United States, or airlines involved in mergers, route sales, asset length safety and soundness regulator at HUD where an embargo on such exports might be transfers, and similar transactions were rou­ for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and estab­ counter-productive to U.S. interests. By ex­ tinely protected by labor protective provisions lishes statutory capital requirements. Although panding the embargo authority, we can make which gave them the right of first hire and I feel that changes need to be made in the bill, it more effective, as well as providing the other benefits. Following airline deregulation, I want to commend the chairman for doing his President with a wider range of options from these protections ceased to be imposed by best to get the process of GSE reform moving which to choose. the Department of Transportation and were in a bipartisan fashion. Mr. Speaker, just last week the House considered only on a case-by-case basis As I stated, I do not support all of the provi­ passed two resolutions deploring the use of when proposed mergers came before the De­ sions in the bill, but it's a good first step to get large-scale, high seas drift nets, with signifi­ partment for approval. the process moving. Some issues may prove cant adverse consequences to our fisheries as In 1987, the House passed legislation which to be contentious. Higher levels of risk-based well as other marine resources. The Commit­ would have restored many of these LPP's. capital, the affordable housing component of tee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries is now However, under threat of a veto by the Presi­ the bill, and the limitation on compensation are considering two bills which will help address dent, the Senate never considered the bill and all areas which deserve thorough consider­ this problem. Passage of the International Fish the administration continues to strongly op­ ation during subcommittee and full committee and Wildlife Protection Act will give additional pose such legislation. markup. The chairman has assured me that support to the conservation goals we all share. To its great credit, Pan Am's management every Member's rights to offer amendments does seem to be giving first priority in all its will be preserved. Mr. Speaker, let me say that negotiations to the fate and welfare of its em­ we should proceed with caution in terms of PAN AM, BANKRUPTCY COURT ployees and retirees. They, after all, are the making any radical changes to these critically MUST ENSURE EMPLOYEES' ones who made the company what it was and important housing-related organizations. By HEALTH AND PENSION BENEFITS will be the ones to carry on if it is to survive. the same token, however, the great impor­ tance of these GSE's and the tremendous size HON. DANTE B. FASCEil of their borrowings makes it incumbent upon OF FLORIDA INTRODUCTION OF THE GOVERN­ our committee to consider carefully the need IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MENT-SPONSORED HOUSING EN­ for increased Government oversight. TERPRISES FINANCIAL SAFETY We established a good record of coopera­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 AND SOUNDNESS ACT OF 1991 tion during last year's Cranston-Gonzalez Na­ Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, a real tragedy tional Affordable Housing Act. I look forward to is befalling our Nation's transportation indus­ HON. CHALMERS P. WYLIE working in the same bipartisan way with the try. Recently, Pan American World Airways OF OHIO administration, and with the distinguished announced that it is selling its transatlantic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES chairman of the Banking Committee, HENRY routes and other assets in an effort to reorga­ GONZALEZ, on this legislation. I am confident Tuesday, July 16, 1991 nize its financial position and attempt to climb that the Banking Committee will meet its re­ out of bankruptcy. It is hard to believe that it Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, today, I am sponsibility under last year's Budget Reconcili­ will soon not be possible to fly Pan Am to Eu­ pleased to be joining the distinguished chair­ ation Act and report out legislation by Septem­ rope after decades of being the pioneer and man of the Banking Committee, Mr. GON­ ber 15 of this year. leader in aviation history. It is my fervent hope ZALEZ, along with the ranking member of the that the company will be able to survive and, Housing Subcommittee, Mrs. ROUKEMA, in in­ perhaps, to fly again on a global basis. troducing the Government-sponsored Housing TRIBUTE TO DR. MARTIN J. ZION But the real potential tragedy lies with the Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness effect these actions will have on the loyal and Act of 1991. This bill is designed to assure the HON. Bill GREEN dedicated employees who have served Pan safety and soundness of the housing-related OF NEW YORK Am over the years. While many of them will Government-sponsored enterprises. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES apparently be offered jobs by whomever takes Last year's Omnibus Budget Reconciliation over these operations, there will, undoubtedly Act [OBRA] requires the House Banking Com­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 be layoffs. And, as the company restructures, mittee to report out legislation by September Mr. GREEN of New York. Mr. Speaker, it is its retirees can only pray that they will not suf­ 15, 1991 to assure the safety and soundness with great pleasure that I rise today to honor fer the same anxiety as their colleagues from of the three housing-related Government­ my constituent, Dr. Martin J. Zion, upon his re­ Eastern Air Lines. Eastern retirees face reduc­ sponsored enterprises: Federal National Mort­ tirement as rabbi of Temple Israel of the city tion of pension benefits in some cases and the gage Association [Fannie Mae], Federal Home of New York. possibility of the loss of all or a good portion Loan Mortgage Corporation [Freddie Mac], Rabbi Martin J. Zion is the senior rabbi of of their health benefits. The decision, which is and the Federal home loan bank system. To­ Temple Israel of the city of New York, one of one of Solomon-like proportions, will be en­ gether, these housing-related GSE's have in­ the largest and oldest Reform Jewish Con­ tirely up to the bankruptcy court judge, who curred outstanding debt of over $885 billion. In gregations in Manhattan. He has brought great must determine whether the company will light of the 1987 farm credit bailout and the lustre and prestige to the congregation during July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18573 his tenure of 29 years and the rabbinate with per year. The level which is currently estab­ GERIATRIC REACTIVATION distinction for 47 years. lished under section 457 has not changed PROGRAM FOR VETERANS He was ordained with honors at Hebrew since 1978. Conversely, the maximum deferral Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion amount per year of virtually every other exist­ where he also received a master's degree in ing deferred compensation plan is allowed to HON. LANE EVANS Hebrew Letters and the degree of doctor of di­ increase with inflation. My bill will justifiably vinity. align section 457 plans with 401 (k}'s, 403(B)'s, OF ILLINOIS Throughout his active ministry he has taken and other deferred compensation plans by al­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a prominent part in civic, academic, and reli­ lowing for this cost-of-living adjustment. gious affairs. He is widely known as a lecturer The second provision of my bill allows an in­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 under the auspices of the Jewish Chatauqua dividual who has separated from service from Mr. EVANS. Mr. Speaker, by the year 2000 Society and a frequent preacher on the "Mes­ a State or local government or tax-exempt or­ nearly two out of every three men over the sage of Israel" program. He has served as in­ ganization to make a one-time change in the age of 65 will be a veteran of the U.S. armed structor in Bible at Marymount College and date in which distributions from deferred com­ services. Many of these veterans will inevi­ Fordham University, and as an adjunct profes­ pensation plans under section 457 will begin. sor in Bible at the Augustance Lutheran Theo­ Under present law, an individual who retires tably experience the effects of aging, the rav­ logical Seminary. During World War II he was early, or separates from service for other rea­ ages of illness, and the increasing depend­ the Jewish Chaplain at the U.S. Merchant Ma­ sons, must select a date in the future when ence on family caregivers. For many of these rine Academy. distributions from the deferred compensation veterans, commitment to institutional care may In the community, Rabbi Zion has been en­ plan will begin. After selection, the individual be unavoidable, but for many others institu­ gaged in a wide variety of activities, including does not have the option of changing this fu­ tionalization can be avoided by restoring and a number of interfaith, interracial exchanges. ture date. My bill would allow the individual to maintaining physical, psychological, and social He is a founding member of the Neighborhood make one change in this date of distribution, functioning. Coalition for the Homeless and has served as but the change can only be to a date later Today, therefore, I rise along with 17 of my a member of the U.J.A.-Federation Task Force than the original distribution date. distinguished colleagues from the State of Illi­ on Synagogue Relations. This modification of current law would espe­ nois to introduce legislation authorizing the cially benefit individuals who are employed in Upon his retirement he will continue to be Secretary of the Department of Veterans Af­ active in the Temple. He is also looking for­ public safety-police, firefighters-and nor­ fairs to conduct a 5-year pilot program to dem­ ward to devoting more of his time to travel and mally retire at an early age. Upon arrival of the onstrate the advantages of providing veterans study. I ask all my colleagues to join me in predetermined distribution date, my bill would paying recognition to Dr. Martin J. Zion for the give retirees the option of receiving distribu­ in nursing homes with treatment and services dedication and leadership he has provided our tions from the deferred compensation plan, or to maintain or reactivate their living functions. community. selecting another date in the future for dis­ With this legislation in mind, the Illinois tributions to begin. This is a fair adjustment to AMVETS Health Care Facility Corp., in co­ the law. Early retirees should not be expected operation with the University of Illinois at Chi­ AMENDING SECTION 457 OF THE to accurately determine financial needs many cago and Veteran's Administration Medical INTERNAL REVENUE CODE years in advance. District 17, proposes to finance, construct, Finally, my bill will permit unpenalized dis­ own, and operate a teaching nursing home. HON. JIM MOODY tributions to individuals whose deferred com­ The facility will establish a geriatric reactiva­ OF WISCONSIN pensation plans hold less than $3,500 and tion program for dependent elderly veterans in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have been inactive for at least 2 years. a national pilot project adopting research re­ The individuals most affected by this will be sults and applied care systems tested and Tuesday, July 16, 1991 young workers who decide, or are forced, to proven effective in Sweden. This unique initia­ Mr. MOODY. Mr. Speaker, here in Washing­ make changes in their lives that prevent them ton, and in Congress, as laws are conceived from continuing to defer income. Marriage, tive will coordinate the resources of a veter­ that are meant to improve our public policy, raising a family, purchasing a home, and sud­ an's service foundation, a major university, we often overlook our fellow friends in public den health problems are all examples of and the Department of Veterans Affairs in a service in State and local governments. The events that could prohibit an individual from program to improve the quality of life expecta­ interests of these individuals, especially those being able to defer income. By allowing dis­ tions of elderly veterans and their families. who assist in public safety, are frequently tribution from only small, inactive accounts, This pilot project will not only enhance the taken for granted as we work to develop con­ there is virtually no likelihood that this provi­ quality of life for millions of elderly veterans, structive and equitable public policy. sion could be abused. its demonstrated benefits will ultimately trans­ Today I am introducing a bill to modify sec­ This provision will also ease much adminis­ late into an enhanced quality of life for all el­ tion 457 of the Internal Revenue Code relating trative burden, since under current section 457 derly Americans. I am confident that this to the treatment of deferred compensation law, these accounts must remain until time of project will display reductions in hospital ad­ plans of State and local governments and tax­ distribution, which is after separation from missions, nursing home stays, physician serv­ exempt organizations. service. By letting individuals obtain their ices, and various social services. Applied on a This bill is a response to the expressed in­ money and dissolve their deferred compensa­ national level, this program will result in an terests of the employees and union represent­ tion plans, administrators are relieved of the oveall reduction in health care costs and an atives of State and local governments and a costs associated with maintaining these ac­ response to the interests of the Governments' counts. improved quality of life for aging Americans. administrations as well. This bill clearly If the individual does not want to dissolve For too long, we have failed to fully explore crosses both sides of the aisle. their plan, then the plan administrator will have opportunities to increase the independence of My bill will amend section 457 in three the option of dissolving the plan after 2 years aging Americans in our elderly care services. ways. Together, these three measures should of inactivity and distributing the money without For too long, we have failed to recognize the prove to be at least revenue neutral, and pos­ the individual's consent, thus relieving itself of potential in many elderly Americans for a self­ sibly revenue positive. Despite their minor rev­ the costs associated with keeping the account sufficient lifestyle. For too long, Mr. Speaker, enue implications, these measures will have open. we have failed to show the kind of resolute major beneficial and fair effects on the policies Mr. Speaker, this bill should not raise any faith in many of our aging Americans that they of deferred compensation plans for many indi­ major concerns among my colleagues. How­ have continued to show in themselves. viduals. These measures will also ease the ever, this bill has important implications for burden on the Government and pension ad­ many of the State and local employees I strongly urge the House to swiftly enact ministrators. throughout the country. I urge my colleagues this legislation thereby renewing its faith in mil­ First, my bill will provide for a cost-of-living to support their public service employees and lions of elderly veterans. adjustment to the maximum deferral amount sign on to this bill.

49-059 0-95 Vol. 137 (Pt. 13J 21 18574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 THE SOCIAL SECURITY NOTCH year it successfully competed against much vate efforts, encouraged more diverse leader­ larger facilities in urban areas. ship development, and organized greater re­ HON. ROBERT A. ROE Mr. Speaker, Franklin is a town in my dis­ gional cooperation. Today we see a thriving OF NEW JERSEY trict which continues to struggle through the community in positive transitition, moving to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES difficult economic times which currently ward a successful future. confront northern New England. High unem­ Greensboro's All America City Award entry Tuesday, July 16, 1991 ployment has resulted in mounting human was initiated by City Manager Bill Carstarphen Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to thank my needs, particularly in the area of access to in May of 1990, and ultimately involved a com­ colleagues from New Jersey, Congressman quality health care. A recent State government mittee of 19 citizens who determined the is­ JIM SAXTON for organizing this opportunity for study showed that Franklin and the surround­ sues to be presented and prepared the final those of us who feel so strongly about this ing area had the highest need for prenatal entry application which was submitted in April issue: the Social Security notch. It is an issue care in the State. of 1991. The committee was chaired by Gary which affects more than 12 million retired Franklin Regional Hospital has responded to Davis, community affairs director of WFMY­ workers born between 1917 and 1921, over these demands by creating a prenatal clinic to TV, and supported by the late Jack Gardner, 419,000 of which reside in my State of New meet the needs of low-income families. New director of the City of Greensboro Public Infor­ Jersey. Think about it, 12 million people rep­ programs have also been established for mation Department. Following Mr. Gardner's resented by legislation supported by more counseling and support for young mothers in death in February of 1991, Richard Harriman, than a majority of the House of Representa­ at-risk categories with courses in nutrition, acting director of the Public Information De­ tives and for almost 15 years virtually no ac­ childbirth, and parenting skills. The success of partment, coordinated the effort. The commit­ tion has been taken on the matter. these initiatives in Franklin will serve as a na­ tee raised private financing and arranged to The average-earning, 65-year-old retiree tional model for other rural communities strug­ send a delegation of 18 individuals to San An­ born between 1917 and 1926 will receive an gling to improve access to quality health care. tonio, TX, to make the presentation. average of $912 a year less in Social Security Mr. Speaker, over the past few years many Individuals involved included Davis, Har­ benefits than the same average worker born in Washington have argued in favor of closing riman, Susan Howard, codirector of Greens­ between 1912 and 1916 and $454 a year less hospitals outside of our large cities. This na­ boro Horizons; Linda Hiatt-Reichard, former than the same worker born from 1927 to 1931 , tional award demonstrates that small hospitals executive director of Greensboro Visions; according to official Social Security Adminis­ have a vital role to play in our national health Mabel Scott, Greensboro Public Schools infor­ tration estimates. I know that we all would like care system. We in Congress must follow the mation officer; Mary Schott, former president to see this injustice fixed. lead of Franklin, and support legislation to of the Greensboro Jaycees; Ken Alston, direc­ At the start of 102d Congress, I along with help rural providers meet the enormous de­ tor of Challenge Greensboro; Peter Reichard, several of my colleagues in the House and mand for quality care in rural areas. The staff vice president of the Greensboro Area Cham­ Senate introduced legislation to correct the at Franklin Regional Hospital and the entire ber of Commerce; Gail Murphy, Greensboro notch situation. The consensus bill, H.R. 917, community should take tremendous pride in Area Convention and Visitors' Bureau; Meryl sponsored by Chairman ROYBAL and Con­ their accomplishment. I ask my colleagues to Mullane, Mullane Associates, Inc.; Sandy gressman MATIHEW RINALDO, does not abolish join me in paying tribute to them on their re­ Carmany, Civic Volunteer; Janice Taylor, Unit­ the reduction but instead eases the burden for ceipt of this prestigious award. ed Way; Don Brady, Brady Treane, Don notch victims, accordingly balancing benefit Vaught, First Home Financial Services Corp.; fairness and fiscal responsibility. Don Dixon, American Express; Thurmon The support for correcting the notch benefit GREENSBORO TRULY IS AN "ALL Deloney, president, Piedmont Technolgies; injustice is widespread. The notch babies are AMERICAN CITY" City Manager Bill Carstarphen; and Mayor Vic conscientious people who worked hard all Nussbaum. their lives, through some of the most difficult HON. HOW ARD COBLE I again offer Greensboro and its citizens a times this country has ever faced, four wars, OF NORTH CAROLINA hearty pat on the back for their accomplish­ depression, and recession. Now they have or­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments. Now the rest of the Nation is aware of ganized a national grassroots campaign to re­ what we've known all along-what an out­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 store what they have paid for with their many standing place Greensboro, NC, is to call years of labor. Mr. Speaker, they deserve to Mr. COBLE. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the home. Greensboro truly is an "All American be heard. citizens of the 6th District of North Carolina, I City." wish to congratulate the city of Greensboro, NC, on its recognition as one of only 10 to re­ TRIBUTE TO FRANKLIN REGIONAL ceive the coveted National Civic All America CRIME PREVENTION MONTH HOSPITAL City Award. The award program, which began over 40 years ago, is the oldest and most re­ HON. DAVID E. PRICE HON. DICK SWETT spected community recogition program in the OF NORTH CAROLINA OF NEW HAMPSHIRE United States. While over 5,000 communities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have applied for this honor, only 400 have been awarded this designation. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Tuesday, July 16, 1991 The National Civic League bases its deci­ Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, crime affects ev­ Mr. SWETT. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to sion on the level of civic excellence a commu­ eryone, everyday, and everywhere. Crime is offer my congratulations to Franklin Regional nity portrays. Through strengthening the civic not isolated to poor, inner-city neighborhoods, Hospital of Franklin, NH, winner of the pres­ infrastructure-the social and political fabric of but is rapidly growing in America's suburban tigious Foster G. McGraw Prize for excellence a community, including how decisions are and rural communities. Murder, child abuse, il­ in community service. made, how citizens interact with one another licit drug use, rape, and theft are problems This is the second award the 49-bed, acute­ and governmental institutions, and how chal­ every community in America experiences. care facility has received in 1991. Earlier this lenges to the community are met-the cities Crime not only affects its victims and their year, New Hampshire Health and Human compete to meet the strenuous criteria of the families, but crime affects the whole commu­ Services Commissioner, Dr. Harry Bird, pre­ All America City Award. nity through increased insurance rates, work sented Franklin Regional Hospital with a com­ In order to set itself apart from other nation­ absenteeism, loss of community vitality, and mendation for its community health program wide challengers, Greensboro was described lost human potential. All totaled, crime costs on cancer education and screening. This inno­ as "a city charting a new path into a new cen­ American taxpayers $175 billion a year. vative program has served as a model for tury." Major economic and social changes en­ For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, today I am similar programs across the State. This most veloped Greensboro, as they did many other introducing a joint resolution to designate the recent honor is a unique accomplishment for cities in the 1980's, yet the city met the chal­ month of October 1991 as "Crime Prevention Franklin Regional Hospital as it is the smallest lenge. Greensboro adopted broad-based stra­ Month." Representative CHARLES SCHUMER, facility to receive the McGraw Award. This tegic planning, increased both public and pri- chairman of the Judiciary Subcommittee on July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18575 Crime; Representative HAMIL TON FISH, ranking No credit to the Smithsonian." Word made its the controversial piece myself, I can sym­ member of the Judiciary Committee; and Rep­ way from Dr. Boorstin, a distinguished Amer­ pathize with her original position. In fact, the resentative WILLIAM HUGHES, past chairman of ican scholar, to Senator TED STEVENS (R-AK), Director's offer to show the LeWitt work in a the Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, are who without seeing the exhibit, threatened different part of the museum only re-enforces joining me in introducing this resolution today. Smithsonian Secretary Robert McC. Adams at the credibility of her reasoning. However, the Crime Prevention Month will serve as a a May 15 appropriations hearing with cutting Museum of American Art does not have a pol­ "Call to Action" to our Nation's citizens. It will the Smithsonian budget if the institution per­ icy of censoring artwork for any reason, and provide organizations like the National Crime sists in purveying a political agenda. With the its Director-despite the criticism-possesses Prevention Coalition, Neighborhood Watch, PC debate reverberating across the political an unwavering commitment to freedom of ex­ Crime Stoppers, and Community Responses landscape, the Senator's diatribes struck a pression, regardless of who may be offended. to Drug Abuse a focal point for promoting resonating chord. Some critics have accused Ms. Broun of crime prevention activities, and will celebrate But Newsweek put it best in a story on the being no better than Senator STEVENS, at­ the many accomplishments in preventing controversy when it wrote: "To label the tempting to stifle views contrary to her own­ crime that have already occurred in commu­ Smithsonian a hotbed of radicalism because it the only difference being the ideology invoked. nities around the country. Crime Prevention runs a show like The West as America is a lit­ They say her attempt to remove the LeWitt Month will also provide an opportunity to reaf­ tle like calling The Wall Street Journal a com­ piece was no different than conservative at­ firm citizens' support of an involvement in munist rage because it once ran a piece of tempts to shut down the Robert Mapplethorpe community crime prevention programs and to Eugene Debs." Yet Secretary McC. Adams exibit at the Corcoran Gallery of Art 20 years enlist new individuals and groups in crime pre­ was subjected to a McCarthy-like grilling be­ ago. And on the surface, the parallels seem vention efforts. fore the Senate subcommittee, warned by Ste­ obvious, even ironic. Crime Prevention Month is supported by the vens that "I'm going to get other people to However, I must tell you, Mr. Speaker, that National Crime Prevention Coalition which is help me make you make sense." Elizabeth Broun believes deeply and passion­ made up of 133 organizations including the It is ironic that in its attempt to foster diver­ ately as I do in the first amendment and its National Sheriffs Association, AARP, NAACP, sity and the free flow of ideas, the Smithso­ principles of freedom of expression. A closer the National Council of La Raza, and the Na­ nian has been criticized for having a political examination of the facts in both exhibits re­ tional Association of Mayors. The cooperative agenda. It is also ironic that those who level veals someone who is more than willing to de­ efforts of these groups have been successful these criticisms seek to impose their own ide­ fend these principles in the face of strident op­ in creating partnerships among citizens, law ology on the Smithsonian-a political agenda position; in short, someone who is a great enforcement agencies, businesses, and gov­ of a different breed. The institution should be asset to the Smithsonian. I welcome her ef­ ernment to rid our Nation's communities of commended for not laying a politically correct forts thus far, and join her in the fight to de­ crime. blanket over its exhibits, and for examining fend these principles, so essential to both the I urge my colleagues to join with us in high­ history with an open mind. Unfortunately, the Smithsonian and the Nation. lighting the accomplishments of crime preven­ same cannot be said for Senator STEVENS. tion programs in your communities and in pro­ Apparently, freedom of expression means tol­ moting more involvement in such efforts by erating unpopular views, except when you dis­ CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND becoming cosponsors of Crime Prevention agree with them. TREATMENT ACT Month. The second exhibit in question has created more controversy. This time, however, the HON. ELEANOR HOLM~ NORTON roles are reversed. While "The West as Amer­ OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SMITHSONIAN DEFENDS FREEDOM ica" found the museum defending the display IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF EXPRESSION-MUSEUM DI­ of a controversial exhibit, "Eadweard RECTOR BRAVES STORM OF CON­ Muybridge and Contemporary American Pho­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 TROVERSY tography," which opened at the end of June, Ms. NORTON. Mr. Speaker, last week, the found Director Broun under fire for removing a House voted to extend for 1 year the author­ HON. PETER H. KOSTMA YER piece by artist Sol LeWitt which she said de­ ization for child abuse prevention and treat­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tracts from the exhibit. ment, adoption opportunities, and family vio­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ms. Broun's objections to the 1964 LeWitt lence prevention and services programs. What work-a narrow oblong black box with 10 tiny these programs have achieved in the District Tuesday, July 16, 1991 apertures through which the viewer sees im­ of Columbia is a case study success story that Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Speaker, earlier this ages of an advancing nude female torse­ argues for reauthorization. week I met with the Director of the were met with an unexpectedly harsh re­ The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Smithsonian's National Museum of American sponse by Jock Reynolds, one of the curators Act, has enabled the District to provide inves­ Art, Ms. Elizabeth Broun, and had the oppor­ of the exhibit. Mr. Reynolds, director of the tigations by social workers of alleged child ne­ tunity to view two exhibits currently on display Addison Gallery in Andover, MA, rallied the glect; crisis counseling; referrals to agencies which have generated some controversy in re­ support of most of the living artists rep­ to determine arrangements for child custody; cent weeks. resented in the exhibit, who demanded that services to boarder babies; and counseling re­ The two exhibits at issue are very different their works be withdrawn to protest the muse­ garding the relinquishment of parental rights. and are under fire for very different reasons. um's decision to remove the LeWitt piece. The District has also received funding through The controversy began with the March open­ Accused of censorship in the name of sen­ this program to provide training to address the ing of the revisionist exhibition called The sitivity, Ms. Broun has come under heavy fire. problems of disabled infants and children, es­ West as America: Reinterpreting Images of But on Monday, the Director issued a state­ pecially those suffering from AIDS-related ill­ the Frontier. The show juxtaposes traditional ment saying the LeWitt work will be installed nesses. paintings and sculptures of the American West in the exhibit. Claiming that the issue has Similarly, the Family Violence Prevention with a text based on an unflattering appraisal never been about whether the piece is too Act has provided critically needed services to of the westward expansion from 1820 through controversial, but about whether the object en­ the people of the District-4,000 assisted 1920. This volatile combination of imagery and hances or detracts from the focus of the show, through community outreach, hot lines, and language propelled the gallery and the rest of Ms. Broun now believes that the public is best workshops; training and counseling to 425 the Smithsonian Institution into the raging de­ served by including LeWitt's work in the exhi­ shelter staff and volunteers who serve bat­ bate over political correctness. bition, so everyone can discuss the issues, tered women and dependents; 500 battered On page 1 of the museum's comment after having seen it. women aided. book-used to give visitors an opportunity to While I appreciate the prerogative of a mu­ Reauthorization of this program is also a express their views-the first shots were fired seum director authorized under contract to edit special issue for the special people in the Dis­ by former Librarian of Congress Daniel the contents of a show, I was gratified to learn trict who work in these fields. Their jobs are Boorstin, who wrote that the exhibit was "per­ of Ms. Broun's change of heart. After discus­ not glamorous, just vital to the many women, verse, historically inaccurate, destructive * * * sions with her on Monday, and after viewing men, and children who are served. These 18576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 dedicated professionals deserve our com­ A TRIBUTE TO THE GREENPOINT will be phased in, and an opportunity will be mendation for their service to the community, LITTLE LEAGUE provided for first time offenders to avoid pay­ and the programs that assist them in their ment by jumping through several bureaucratic work deserve to receive the funding that will HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ hoops, the point remains that this whole proc­ allow them to expand the nature and scope of OF NEW YORK ess will prove to be a source of aggravation to these vital services. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the boating public. This is particularly true since very little information has been made Tuesday, July 16, 1991 available to date, apart from the public notices Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I take great A SALUTE TO AN ADVOCATE FOR included in the Federal Register. pleasure in rising today to pay tribute to the EDUCATION: EDOLPHUS "ED" With over 16 million boats registered across Greenpoint Little League on the occasion of its TOWNS the Nation, and one centralized distribution 40th anniversary and Alumni Reunion Day. center for the stamps, the current time frame In 1951, the first games were played, and is insufficient and is a recipe for a bureaucratic HON. MERVYN M. DYMALLY now, 40 years later, with 37 teams, the nightmare. Greenpoint Little League strongly continues to Furthermore, an active effort is still under­ OF CALIFORNIA make its contribution to the community. The way to repeal the user fee. Should the repeal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES league affords the children the opportunity to be successful, the enforcement measures will play ball, be part of a team, experience the prove to be not only an inconvenience to boat­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 thrill of victory and the agony of defeat, and ers, but also a waste of Coast Guard time and Mr. DYMALLY. Mr. Speaker, I want to draw learn what sportsmanship is all about. Further­ money. my colleagues' attention to the extraordinary more, the league draws together businesses Either way, a 4-month grace period serves work of the chairman of the Congressional which sponsor teams, residents, volunteers, the public interest. Should the user fee be re­ Black Caucus, EDOLPHUS "ED" TOWNS, on be­ fundraisers, and executive committees. By pealed, we save both the Coast Guard and half of educational opportunities for our youth. teaching the fundamentals of baseball and the public from an unnecessary and sportsmanship to our youth, the league has confrontational enforcement process. Should He is particularly known for his support of been effective in drawing together the commu­ this effort fail, the fees will be collected with no black colleges and universities. As a graduate nity and providing the cornerstone for atmos­ ultimate loss to the Treasury, and will provide of an 1890 land grant institution, North Caro­ phere and good will. a more realistic timeframe for the phase-in pe­ lina A&T State University, the gentleman from Frank Crowley, the current Little League riod. New York, has been a long-time advocate for president, is ably assisted by several volun­ For those concerned by a possible loss of increasing assistance to the Nation's histori­ teers. One such volunteer is Machael Gius. revenue caused by this legislation, I would cally black land grant colleges and univer­ Mr. Gius, over the past 25 years, has served point out that the bill in no way affects the fee sities. During his 9 years in Congress, the as coach and manager, and with his team structure or the collection of fees. It simply al­ Brooklyn Congressman has sponsored several won the Minor World Series in 1968. Mr. Gius, lows a longer period for boaters to pay the fee amendments during the reauthorization of the currently in community relations, has signifi­ before they would be subject to a fine. This is farm bill which provide new resources for cantly contributed to the program by obtaining time which can be spent informing the boating these colleges. ED TOWNS has been equally equipment and organizing field trips. Over the public of its obligations under the new Coast recognized as an avid supporter of the United many years, powerful bonds of friendship have Guard user fee law. Negro College Fund. been formed both among the players them­ To date, ED's most successful educational selves, and between the players and Mr. Gius. initiative has been the enactment of the Stu­ I am truly proud to congratulate the SUPPORT NOTCH-CORRECTION dent Right to Know Act. This landmark legisla­ Greenpoint Little League on its 40th anniver­ LEGISLATION tion, which became public law last year, re­ sary, and the wonderful people who make it quires the reporting of graduation rates for stu­ work and to wish them continued success in HON. GARY L ACKERMAN dent athletes and reports on the incidence of their contribution to the community and, more OF NEW YORK crime on college campuses to the Department importanlty, to our children. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Education. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 As a member of the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health and the LEGISLATION TO ALLOW A 4- Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, the time to Environment, ED TOWNS has championed in­ MONTH GRACE PERIOD FOR THE remedy the injustice known as Social Secu­ creased scholarship opportunities for the train­ PAYMENT OF FINES ON THE rity's "notch" is now. After considerable de­ ing of minority and disadvantaged health pro­ COAST GUARD USER FEE bate, a well-designed, comprehensive bill has fessionals. ED also promoted legislative initia­ emerged to win the cosponsorship of more tives which supported educational programs HON. C. THOMAS McMillEN than a majority of the House of Representa­ for those health-care workers who are willing OF MARYLAND tives. This consensus legislation, the Social to practice in medically underserved urban IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Security Notch Adjustment Act of 1991, H.R. areas. 917, would provide over 12 million Americans Tuesday, July 16, 1991 born in the notch years of 1917 to 1926 with Locally, this Brooklyn Representative has Mr. MCMILLEN of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, I a fairer level of retirement benefits. served as an instructor at Fordham University rise today to introduce legislation to provide a A study by the Social Security Administra­ and Medgar Evers College. His Annual Col­ 4-month grace period for the Nation's boaters tion clearly shows that the typical-earning 65- lege Fair and his efforts to encourage students before they are subject to fines in regard to year-old retiree born in the notch years will re­ to apply to the Nation's military academies are the payment of the recently enacted Coast ceive an average of $912 a year less in Social examples of the extra effort that ED under­ Guard user fee. Under this legislation the im­ Security benefits than the same worker born takes to inform his constituents about potential plementation of the law will not be affecte~ between 1912 and 1916 and $454 less than educational opportunities. In addition, ED's its effective date remains June 30. However, the same worker born from 1927 to 1931. This work with local scholarship programs, like the the fines for not obtaining the proper stamps sharp dip in benefits over a 10-year period is Randolph Evans Scholarship Fund, have en­ will not be effective until October 31, instead the notch in Social Security. H.R. 917 would abled many Brooklyn youngsters to attend col­ of the current date of July 31. These fines run create a transitional formula to correct this in­ lege. upwards of $5,000. equity without creating another notch. As an educator and a former member of the The need for this legislation is self-evident. And most importantly, the bill would not House Education and Labor Committee, I am Beside the fact that the fee is unpopular threaten the financial health of the Social Se­ honored to salute our colleague, ED TOWNS, among boaters, the short timeframe in which curity system. The measure would still allow on his many accomplishments as an advocate to obtain the proper certification without being the Social Security trust funds to increase by for enhanced educational opportunity. liable for fines is unrealistic. Although the fee almost $1 trillion by the end of the decade. July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18577 Mr. Speaker, it is plainly unfair to reduce a TRIBUTE PAID TO HONOR We have come to expect near miracles from retiree's benefits solely because he or she is SCHOLARS the medication available with a prescription born in a certain year. Congress must take a through retail and hospital pharmacies. We stand to restore fairness to the Social Security HON. GEORGE W. GEKAS marvel at the curative powers of modern drugs system. I strongly urge my colleagues who OF PENNSYLVANIA and the latest advances in pharmacology. have not signed on to H.R. 917 to join me and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Too often, however, we take for granted the contributions of those who work behind the 231 other Members who already have. Retir­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 ees born in the notch years should not have counter in these institutions, assisting in the to wait any longer to receive benefits they Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to preparation of medications for our use. The pay tribute to 11 young people from the 17th same prescription drug that can heal can worked a lifetime to earn. Congressional District of Pennsylvania who cause immediate harm if not properly pre­ were recently awarded Robert C. Byrd Schol­ pared. We depend upon the skills of the phar­ arships for outstanding academic achieve­ macists and their technical support staff to en­ BEYOND THE NUMBERS: WHY THE ments. sure that the most exacting standards are met CENSUS SHOULD HAVE BEEN AD­ Robert C. Byrd scholarships are federally in the preparation of our medications. Their at­ JUSTED funded grants awarded to students like these tention to detail ensures that our medication 11 , who are top-ranked in their respective serves its intended effect. classes. More than 3,900 applications for the We are well-versed in the pharmacists' con­ HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON $1,500 scholarships were received this year. tributions to the delivery of health care. In­ Each of these 11 outstanding students met creasingly, the pharmacy industry has come to OF CALIFORNIA rigid academic standards including an overall depend upon pharmacy technicians in the de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grade point average of 3.5 on a 4.0 scale or livery of quality pharmacy services. above, SAT scores of 11 00 or better, and a Increased demand for pharmacy techni­ Tuesday, July 16, 1991 rank within the top 5 percent of their respec­ cians, coupled with more sophisticated roles, tive classes. has led to greater professional and legal rec­ Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. Speaker, by the Cen­ The following students were all recipients of ognition of the services that these individuals sus Bureau's own estimate, the 1990 census the Byrd Scholarship: Jill J. Bower of Mont­ provide. An extensive network of pharmacy undercounts our Nation's true population by gomery, a graduate of Montgomery Area Jun­ technician training programs has evolved na­ 5.3 million people. Secretary of Commerce ior/Senior High School; Melinda K. Burrell of tionwide, through community and technical Robert Mosbacher had until July 15 to decide Halifax, Halifax Area High School; Charles J. colleges, the military and industry, to assure whether or not to adjust the census to include Fusano of Mifflinburg, Mifflinburg Area Senior the continued delivery of high quality phar­ these undercounts, or to leave the initial num­ High School; Raymond V. Garner, Jr. of Mil­ macy services. This growth will only continue bers intact. The census numbers are important ton, Milton Area Senior High School; Abby and represents an important element in the because they determine both political rep­ Irwin of Lewisburg, Lewisburg Senior High evolution of pharmacy services in the United resentation and the disbursement of Federal School; Brad Krock of Elysburg, Southern Co­ States. funds. An inaccurate census could undermine lumbia Area High School; Katie E. Mann of Mr. Speaker, the Association of Pharmacy the principle of one man, one vote, and pro­ Selinsgrove, Selinsgrove Area High School; Technicians, by celebrating National Phar­ hibit the right amount of money from reaching Justin Morris of Winfield, Selinsgrove Area macy Day on October 24, 1991, gives us an the appropriate people. This will have a real High School; Kimberly D. Snyder of Sunbury, opportunity to look back on the positive con­ impact on our States and local communities. Shamokin Area High School; Robert T. Stoudt tributions that technicians have made to the of Turbotville, Warrior Run High School; delivery of pharmacy services and to focus on Despite the inaccuracies of the 1990 cen­ Heather Ulsh of Tower City, Williams Valley the expanded role that these individuals will sus, Secretary Mosbacher decided yesterday Junior/Senior High School. play in the future. It is their skill and commit­ that he would not adjust the census. In making The scholarships will be used during the ment to excellence in the delivery of pharmacy this decision, Secretary Mosbacher claimed 1991-92 academic year. These fine students services that brings the benefits of modern that he did not want to break with tradition or have shown initiative throughout their high medication to bear on our lives. politicize census decisions. A decision of this school years, the time they invested in aca­ magnitude, though, should be based on facts, demic achievement has brought them recogni­ not tradition. Furthermore, his decision was tion which will help them begin a college ca­ TRIBUTE TO LISA ANN KRIMMER unavoidably a political one, with both out­ reer. These students in their scholastic work comes involving clear winners and losers. have each left an impression of leadership HON. DAN SCHAEFER Without an adjustment, the losers became and ability for those who will to follow them, OF COLORADO urban areas, large States, and minority an impression which will also precede them in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES groups. The losers will now be denied accu­ their next academic endeavor. Tuesday, July 16, 1991 rate representation and their rightful piece of I ask all of my colleagues to join me today the Federal pie. in congratulating these fine young people and Mr. SCHAEFER. Mr. Speaker, I would like in wishing them the best of luck in their future to recognize Lisa Ann Krimmer, a student from California is one loser that has been im­ academic endeavors. my district who was awarded a 1991 Public pacted by the Secretary's decision. Not only Service Scholarship presented by the Public will the State lose an additional Eighth Con­ Employees Roundtable. Lisa was one of only gressional District, but it will also be denied PHARMACY TECHNICIAN DAY 1991 12 recipients chosen nationwide to receive a adequate Federal aid for its true population. scholarship from among more than 300 appli­ As a result, the people of California will be HON. SCOTI L. KLUG cants. underrepresented, politically and financially, in OF WISCONSIN In her winning essay, "Why I Have Chosen the Federal Government. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Pursue a Public Service Career," Lisa con­ veys the rewarding feeling she derives from Although Secretary Mosbacher has made Tuesday, July 16, 1991 his decision, this matter is far from settled. Nu­ giving her time and abilities to helping others. merous cities and States who will be hurt by Mr. KLUG. Mr. Speaker, October 24 of this Her commitment to public service and dedica­ year has been set aside by the Association of tion to those less fortunate than herself is an the current census figures are sure to file law­ Pharmacy Technicians as National Pharmacy inspiration to us all. suits demanding that the census be adjusted. Technician Day. Mr. Speaker, I would like to Lisa, a student at New York University, has It is my hope that when the courts review this take this opportunity to draw my colleagues' participated in volunteer activities ranging from matter, they will break with tradition and rely attention to this date and the important con­ offering dance instruction to underprivileged on the facts and figures available to ensure an tributions of technical personnel in the delivery children, to providing physical therapy to those accurate census. of pharmacy services in the United States. less fortunate than herself. 18578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 16, 1991 I wish to congratulate Lisa for her rewarding IMMIGRATION SERVICE late spokesman. Although I didn't hear it my­ work. I would like to have her essay read into VOLUNTEER ASSISTANCE ACT self, Senator TOM DASCHLE once told me that the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in hopes of en­ the single best speech that he'd ever heard couraging others to participate in public serv­ HON.CARLOSJ.MOORHEAD was made by Harry Chapin talking about hun­ ice. OF CALIFORNIA ger. He said that by the time that the speech IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was over that Senator PAUL SIMON unasham­ edly had tears streaming down his face; it was Tuesday, July 16, 1991 that powerful. POINTS OF LIGHT NO. 469 Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, today I am What separated Harry Chapin from many again introducing legislation which I believe people is that he defined family different than addresses two important goals in the United its conventional definition. Although he had his HON. THOMAS J. RIDGE States: The strengthening of our borders and own family that he cherished, he also knew OF PENNSYLVANIA the encouragement of volunteer activities by that-in the ultimate sense-we are all family. our citizens, a concept ardently supported by That, I believe, was the real meaning of his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Bush and the Congress. life. Because if we realized that we were all Tuesday, July 16, 1991 The Immigration Service Volunteer Assist­ family, we wouldn't tolerate the fact that one ance Act would allow for the use of volunteers out of eight children in this country go to bed Mr. RIDGE. Mr. Speaker, as the 1990-91 in search and rescue missions and similar hu­ hungry. We wouldn't tolerate the fact that in school year came to a conclusion, President manitarian activities in border areas, in chap­ this world there are hundreds of people who George Bush named the volunteers of the lain programs, as interpreters for languages starve every day. "Student to Student Mentoring Program" of other than spanish, as observers and report­ On this, the day that he died 1O years ago, the Erie School District as the 469th "Daily ers in border areas, and in other non-critical we are reminded of the tragedy of his loss. Points of Light" for the Nation. Through the and non-operational support functions that the Not so much for his talent, although he was Student to Student Mentoring Program, high Attorney General deems appropriate. Let me talented, but for the fact that his love for oth­ school students are experiencing the joys of assure you that the bill will in no way displace ers was so fully realized in the way that he led being a positive influence in the lives of at risk U.S. Government personnel, nor will the vol­ his life. The world is a colder, darker place youths in the community and I would like to unteers be used for any law enforcement du­ without him. commend them. ties which include arresting, detaining or inter­ rogating individuals. Volunteers would only be Started in 1989 by the school district of the considered a Federal employee relative to tort IT'S TIME TO RESOLVE NOTCH city of Erie, the Student to Student Mentoring claims or in the event of a job-connected in­ INJUSTICE Program matches elementary students who jury. are in need of academic assistance with high I am excited about the concept of using vol­ HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA school students who serve as positive role unteers in support of law enforcement be­ models in their lives. The high school students OF CALIFORNIA cause I have seen how it can succeed. Los IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must maintain good grades, good attendance, Angeles County has a history of utilizing thou­ and have good communication skills in order sands of volunteers in its operations. The Tuesday, July 16, 1991 to serve as mentors. The elementary students Sheriff Reserve Program, for example, has Mr. MINETA. Mr. Speaker, expedient injus­ are those who are in academic or social jeop­ been a tremendous asset to the citizens of tice has no place in the United States, or in ardy, more commonly called "at risk" students. Los Angeles County, both in terms of addi­ the public policy decisions made by the Con­ The President's designation further honors the tional services and budget savings. gress. That ethic must hold especially true for program and the people who have, and will The influx of illegal aliens over our southern our senior citizens. continue to make it work to the benefit of all border presents enormous challenges and I have long supported legislation by my fine concerned. problems for government at all levels and for colleague from California, Mr. ROYBAL, that During the 1990-91 school year more than society in general. Authorizing the use of vol­ would restore fairness to the Social Security 150 high school volunteers worked to make a unteers to augment our Border Patrol in its system. H.R. 917 is important legislation that difference in their world through the "Student noncritical responsibilities makes sense, and I would resolve a mistake made long ago. to Student Mentoring Program." Many of these urge my colleagues to lend their support to my Under current law, Americans born between students have graduated, no doubt richer for proposal. The volunteer spirit in America is a 1917 and 1921 are being penalized for their the experience the program has given them. vigorous one, and now is an excellent time to dates of birth. As most recall, the "notch" in­ They have left a lifelong impression on the foster that enthusiasm. equity arose when Congress acted to phase­ lives of our young children. The recognition in the new benefits calculation to correct the given by the President should serve to encour­ flawed benefits formula of the 1970's. Instead age even greater numbers of qualified high TRIBUTE TO HARRY CHAPIN of creating a gradual transition, what resulted schoolers to participate next year. But beyond was a precipitous reduction in benefits, most that, it should encourage all of us to seek HON. TIM JOHNSON severely affecting those born between 1917 to ways in which we can make a difference. As OF SOUTH DAKOTA 1921. Senior citizens should not be penalized be­ the President has said, "If you have a hammer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cause of their birthdates. Hundreds of my con­ find a nail-if you know how to read help Tuesday, July 16, 1991 stituents have written me and expressed their someone who does not." These students have Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Speak­ legitimate concern and anguish over the notch done just that. er, it was 1O years ago today that Harry injustice. Many have written to me wondering I was honored to nominate the Erie School Chapin was killed in a tragic car accident. if Congress is waiting for the notch babies to District "Student to Student Mentoring Pro­ Harry was famous for being a singer whose be phased out of the Social Security system gram" as a "Daily Point of Light" and look songs of hope, sadness, and wistfulness as the solution to the problem, rather than foward to seeing this program become a touched the lives of many people. But what grappling with the problem itself. model for similar, efforts across the country. was more striking about Harry Chapin than his This country and this Congress must stand Everyone involved-the student mentors, the songs, and known by far fewer people, is the for more than turning a cold shoulder to our elementary schoolers who showed the initia­ incredible depth of his commitment to end fellow Americans. We must not delude our­ tive to accept the help offered, as well as the hunger. Although he had earned many millions selves into believing that you can phase out teachers and administrative staff who provided of dollars from his records and concerts, he unfairness, when that phaseout effectively assistance and guidance-deserve our con­ contributed most of it to the antihunger foun­ means waiting for people to die. gratulations. We already knew what a great dation that he formed. As an original cosponsor of H.R. 917, I urge resource the young people of Erie are, now Not only was he a crusader on the issue of my colleagues to act on this legislation, and to the Nation will know. hunger, but he also was an extremely articu- act now. We now have more than a majority July 16, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 18579 of the Members of the House in bipartisan agencies, the Port of Brownsville, and the pri­ military. Petty Officer Potter has demonstrated, support for H.R. 917. Our senior citizens have vate sector. By establishing this center, com­ time and time again, a commitment and dedi­ worked hard in helping to build this Nation. prehensive graduate and undergraduate pro­ cation to the Navy that has elevated him They justly deserve their full benefits, and full grams can be established for basic and ap­ above his peers to become one of the best attention from this Congress. plied research on environmental matters. Addi­ and brightest individuals in all of the U.S. tionally, this piece of legislation will help pro­ Armed Forces. vide educational avenues for minority students First joining the Navy in August 1981, Petty WETLANDS RESEARCH to pursue environmental protection, science, Officer Potter has continually been honored for and engineering. By supporting wetlands re­ his hard work and devotion. He has excelled HON. SOLOMON P. ORTIZ search, we not only preserve sensitive eco­ in all aspects of his military service, but has OF TEXAS logical habitats, but we encourage academic particularly demonstrated excellence in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES learning in this important area of study. I Navy's special technical schools and in his would like to salute the Port of Brownsville for Tuesday, July 16, 1991 technical duty assignments. For his hard work, recognizing the value of this wetlands property Petty Officer Potter is now recognized as the Mr. ORTIZ. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro­ within their navigation district and for utilizing leading petty officer for the Combat Systems ducing legislation that will establish a Wet­ this land in such a unique way. I urge my col­ Electronics Division. lands Research Center in Brownsville, TX. leagues to support this bill and help provide a Most recently, Nicholas Potter was selected The Port of Brownsville has graciously made valuable service to our environment. available over 7,000 acres of property for wet­ as one of four sailors to be given the Navy's lands research, education, and policy program Sailor of the Year Award. As the Atlantic Fleet activities. Congress has recognized that the TRIBUTE TO NICHOLAS J. POTTER Sailor of the Year, Petty Officer Potter will re­ study and preservation of wetland must be a ceive a meritorious promotion to the next high­ national priority and in his 1992 fiscal year HON. VIC FAZIO er pay grade, and all-expense paid trip to budget, President Bush called for expanding Washington, DC, 5 days' rest and relaxation, OF CALIFORNIA and the opportunity to serve a year's duty as wetlands research. This property will also be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES used to establish an international wetlands en­ assistant to his Fleet Master Chief. vironmental research and policy center with Tuesday, July 16, 1991 Mr. Speaker, Petty Officer Potter has collaborative efforts by colleges and univer­ Mr. FAZIO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to rec­ earned the honor of being named Sailor of the sities from the United States and Mexico. This ognize PO Nicholas J. Potter for his outstand­ Year. I know my colleagues join me today in innovative wetlands program will being to­ ing contributions to the U.S. Navy and to our recognizing and thanking him for his outstand­ gether institutions of higher learning, Federal country during his distinguished career in the ing service to the Navy and to the Nation.