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Report on Natural Disasters in the Western Balkans

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Report on Natural Disasters in the Western Balkans Development of master curricula for natural disasters risk management in Western Balkan countries (573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) Report on natural disasters in the Western Balkans Project title Development of master curricula for natural disasters risk management in Western Balkan countries Project acronym NatRisk Project reference number 573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP Coordinator University of Nis Project start date October 15, 2016 Project duration 36 months Reference no and title of WP1 Analysis of natural disasters needed to be managed in workpackage Western Balkan regions Institution BOKU, KPA, TCASU, UNI, UNID, UNSA, UPKM, VSUP Author(s) BOKU (Kurt Glock, Michael Tritthart) KPA (Dragan Mlađan), TCASU (Mirjana Galjak, Predrag Stanojević), UNI (Milan Gocić, Slaviša Trajković, Mladen Milanović), UNID (Miroslav Talijan, Rade Slavković, Goran Dikić, Vladimir Ristić, Saša Stojanović, Nenad Komazec, Darko Boţanić, Dragan Pamučar, Ljubomir Gigović, Radovan Karkalić), UNSA (Naida Ademović, Slobodanka Ključanin, Emina Hadţić), UPKM (Nebojša Arsić, Jelena Đokić), VSUP (Predrag Ćeranić, Mile Šikman) Document status Final Document version and v.01, 03/10/2017 date Dissemination level Public Project number: 573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP "This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein" Development of master curricula for natural disasters risk management in Western Balkan countries (573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) Table of contents 1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................1 2 Identification of natural disasters .....................................................................................................1 2.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina..............................................................................................................1 2.1.1 Types of extreme events.......................................................................................................1 2.1.2 Landslides ..............................................................................................................................1 2.1.3 Earthquakes............................................................................................................................3 2.1.4 Floods......................................................................................................................................4 2.1.5 Wild fires ................................................................................................................................7 2.1.6 Droughts .................................................................................................................................9 2.1.7 Blizzard and snow drifts ....................................................................................................11 2.2 Kosovo* ........................................................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Types of extreme events.....................................................................................................13 2.3 Serbia ............................................................................................................................................16 2.3.1 Types of extreme events.....................................................................................................17 2.3.2 Earthquakes..........................................................................................................................20 2.3.3 Floods....................................................................................................................................23 2.3.4 Landslides and escarpments on the slopes and inclinations ........................................27 2.3.5 Snowdrifts and low temperatures ....................................................................................29 2.3.6 Hail ........................................................................................................................................31 2.3.7 Drought.................................................................................................................................31 2.3.8 Epidemics of contagious diseases.....................................................................................33 2.3.9 Large-scale fires ...................................................................................................................35 3 Analysis of risk management ..........................................................................................................36 3.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina............................................................................................................36 3.1.1 Established practices for risk management .....................................................................36 3.1.2 Assessment of risk management aspects.........................................................................39 3.2 Kosovo* ........................................................................................................................................43 3.2.1 Established practices for risk management .....................................................................43 3.2.2 Assessment of risk management aspects.........................................................................45 3.3 Serbia ............................................................................................................................................46 3.3.1 Established practices for risk management .....................................................................46 3.3.2 Assessment of risk management aspects.........................................................................50 4 Analysis of responsible institutes ...................................................................................................55 Development of master curricula for natural disasters risk management in Western Balkan countries (573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) 4.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina............................................................................................................55 4.1.1 Organization structure-State Level...................................................................................55 4.1.2 Organizational structure for protection and rescue at lower levels ............................58 4.1.3 Individual structures according to natural hazards ......................................................59 4.1.4 General comments on responsible institutes ..................................................................63 4.2 Kosovo* ........................................................................................................................................63 4.3 Serbia ............................................................................................................................................64 5 Literature ............................................................................................................................................66 Kosovo*: This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence Development of master curricula for natural disasters risk management in Western Balkan countries (573806-EPP-1-2016-1-RS-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP) 1 Introduction Information about natural disasters in Western Balkan region is indispensable for developing master curricula for risk management in these countries. According to work package 1.1 (WP 1.1) a partnership between BOKU and all partners from the Western Balkans is foreseen to close the knowledge gap about natural disasters. In the following chapters information about natural disasters, analysis of risk management aspects and survey of responsible institutes are documented for Western Balkan countries. In this report information of several reports was merged to get an overview about all natural disasters in the Western Balkans. Information in detail is given in the following reports, which can be found on the web page http://www.natrisk.ni.ac.rs/: WP1.1 UNI, UNID, KPA WP1.1 UNSA WP1.1 UPKM, TCASU WP1.1 VSUP 2 Identification of natural disasters Natural disasters, which have occurred in Western Balkan countries, are qualitatively and/or quantitatively identified in the following chapters for all WB project partners. The following documentations are supported by photos of natural disasters and their consequences to improve the understanding of different process types. 2.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.1.1 Types of extreme events In Bosnia and Herzegovina occur a significant number of various kinds of natural disasters, with different frequency intensity. An overview of the major natural hazards like floods, landslides, earthquakes, wild fires, droughts as well as blizzard and snow drifts is given in the following chapters. 2.1.2 Landslides The topography of the central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) features mountainous terrains with peaks ranging from 500 to 2000 m above sea level. Approximately 2,400,000 ha (or 48%) of the total land area is forested and the remaining about 2,700,000 ha (52%) are covered by agricultural lands (CPDR 2007). Due to the topographic
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