Soil Erosion
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第 26 卷 第 9 期 农 业 工 程 学 报 Vol.26 No.9 72 2010 年 9 月 Transactions of the CSAE Sep. 2010 Models of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the loess hilly region of China Dang Xiaohu1,2,Liu Guobin2※,Xue Sha2,3 (1. School of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; 3. Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China) Abstract: Ecological degradation characterized by severe soil erosion and water loss is the most imposing ecological-economic issue in the Loess Hilly Region; the soil and water conservation (SWC) and ecological restoration are crucial solutions to this issue. It is of importance to explore SWC models for ecological reconstruction compatible with local socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The paper reviewed on SWC and ecological rehabilitation researches and practices and mainly concerned on eight small-scale (small catchments) models and Yan’an Meso-scale model in the Loess Hilly Region. To evaluate the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of these models, their validities were examined using the participatory rural appraisal. The results indicated that SWC and ecological restoration at different scales have played important roles both in local economic development and environmental improvement and provided an insight into sustainable economic development on the Loess plateau in the future. Furthermore, this paper strengthens our belief that, under improved socioeconomic conditions, SWC and ecological reconstruction can be made sustainable, leading to a reversal of the present ecological degradation. -
S41598-021-96384-7.Pdf
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A mechanical insight into the triggering mechanism of frequently occurred landslides along the contact between loess and red clay Baoqin Lian1, Xingang Wang1*, Kai Liu1, Sheng Hu2 & Xiao Feng3 The triggering mechanism and movement evolution of loess-red clay landslides, which occurred frequently along the contact between the loess and red clay on the Loess Plateau, are closely related to the mechanical properties of the contact surface. This work presents an experimental investigation on loess, clay and loess-red clay interlaminar (LRCI) samples obtained from a typical loess-red clay landslide in northern part of Shaanxi province of China, using a series of ring shear tests, microscopic observation and scanning electron microscopy tests, in an attempt to explore the mechanical behavior of loess, clay and LRCI samples with variation in moisture content, normal stress and shear rate. The results revealed that for all specimens, both the peak shear strength τp and the residual shear strength τr decreased with increasing moisture content, among which, moisture content has the greatest infuence on the τp and τr of red clay, followed by the LRCI specimen, and the loess specimen is least afected by moisture content. Meanwhile, exponential functions describing the correlations between shear strength and moisture content of LRCI, red clay and loess specimens were proposed. Furthermore, the macroscopic morphological characteristics and the microstructure of shear surface obtained from the LRCI specimens showed that a localized water accumulation was built up within the shear surface as the water content increases to some extent, and a high degree of liquefaction developed within shear surface when the moisture content reached to the saturate degree. -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
Study on Carbon Sequestration Benefit of Converting Farmland to Forest in Yan’An
E3S Web of Conferences 275, 02005 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127502005 EILCD 2021 Study on Carbon Sequestration Benefit of Converting Farmland to Forest in Yan’an Zhou M.C1, Han H.Z1*, Yang X.J1, Chen C1 1School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an, China Abstract. This paper takes Yan'anas the study area, analyses the current situation of the policy, calculates the carbon sequestration value by using the afforestation area and woodland area in Yanan in 2019, and explores its carbon emission trading potential. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the amount of carbon sequestration increased by 203575.5 t due to the afforestation in 2019 in Yan'an. The green economy income of Yan'an can be increased by 5.8528 million RMB, because of it. The carbon sequestration value of total woodland is 120 million RMB, which can increase the forestry output value of Yan'an by 19.32%. (2) The new carbon sequestration benefit of northern area is higher than that of southern area in Yan’an; the highest carbon sequestration benefit of returning farmland to forest isWuqi County’s 35307.29t, and its value is 1.015 million RMB, it can be increased by 0.15% of the green economy income. (3) The industrial counties Huangling County and Huanglong County, the industrial counties Luochuan County and Yichuan County carry out carbon trading respectively, under the condition of ensuring the output value of the secondary industry in the industrial county, it can increase the green economy income of the total output value of Huanglong County and Yichuan County by 0.73% respectively. -
& the 19 National Academic Symposium of Red Beds And
THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DANXIA LANDFORM & The 19th National Academic Symposium of Red Beds and Danxia Landform Yan’an Tourism Development Conference (First Announcement) August 18th – 22nd, 2019 Yan’an, Shaanxi, China Hosted by IAG Working Group on Red Beds and Danxia Geomorphology Asia Pacific Geoparks Network (APGN) Red Beds and Danxia Working Group, Geographical Society of China Department of Natural Resources of Shaanxi Province Xi'an Center of the China Geological Survey. Yan’an Municipal People's Government Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey Organized by Yan'an Municipal Natural Resources Bureau Shaanxi Provincial Mineral Geological Survey Center Bureau of Land and Resources of Yan’an City Co-organized by SunYat-Sen University Shaanxi Normal University Chang’an University Northwestern university, Yan’an University Yulin College Geographical Society of Shaanxi Province Northwest Geological Science and Technology Innovation Center 1. About the Conference After consulting with the Yan’an Municipal People's Government of Shaanxi Province, the 4th International Symposium on Danxia Landforms & the 19th National Academic Symposium of Red Beds and Danxia Landforms & Yan’an Tourism Development Conference is decided to be held from August 18th to 22nd, 2019 in the Yan’an City of Shaanxi Province. We welcome scholars from diverse fields to participate in the conference, to prompt the scientific understanding, protection and utilization of Danxia Landform resources in Northern Shaanxi and offer suggestive advice on Yan’an tourism -
World Bank Document
Documentof The World Bank FOROFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 18127 IMPLEMENTATIONCOMPLETION REPORT 'CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized SHAANXIAGRICULTURLAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT CREDIT1997-CN June 29, 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Rural Development and Natural Resources Unit East Asia and Pacific Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the perfonnance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit = Yuan (Y) 1989 $1=Y 3.76 1990 $1=Y 4.78 1991 $1=Y 5.32 1992 $1=Y 5.42 1993 $1=Y 5.73 1994 $1=Y 8.50 1995 $1=Y 8.30 1996 $1=Y 8.30 1997 $1=Y 8.30 FISCAL YEAR January 1-December 31 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System 2 mu = 666.7 square meters (m ) 15 mu = 1 hectare (ha) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS EASRD - Rural Development and Natural Resources Sector Unit of the East Asia and Pacific Regional Office EIRR - Economic internal rate of return FIRR - Financial internal rate of return FY - Fiscal year GPS - Grandparent Stock IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICB - International Competitive Bidding ICR - Implementation Completion Report IDA - International Development Association ITC - International Tendering Company of China National Technology Import & Export Corporation NCB - National Competitive Bidding O&M - Operations and maintenance OD - Operational Directive (of the World Bank) PMO - Project Management Office PPC - Provincial Planning Commission SAR - Staff Appraisal Report SDR - Special Drawing Rights Vice President :Jean-Michel Severino, EAPVP Country Director :Yukon Huang, EACCF Sector Manager :Geoffrey Fox, EASRD Staff Member :Daniel Gunaratnam, Principal Water Resources Specialist, EACCF FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY CONTENTS PREFACE ....................................................... -
Agricultural Structure Adjustment and Rural Poverty Alleviation in the Agro-Pastoral Transition Zone of Northern China: a Case Study of Yulin City
sustainability Article Agricultural Structure Adjustment and Rural Poverty Alleviation in the Agro-Pastoral Transition Zone of Northern China: A Case Study of Yulin City Yongsheng Wang 1,*, Yan Chen 2,* and Zhengjia Liu 1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] 2 School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.) Received: 23 April 2020; Accepted: 18 May 2020; Published: 20 May 2020 Abstract: Poverty restricts rural sustainable development and urban–rural integration. Agricultural development is an engine of rural economic development and poverty elimination. Agricultural structure adjustment and rural poverty alleviation in Yulin City from the agro-pastoral transition zone of Northern China were studied using statistical data. Our results showed that the rural poverty ratio in Yulin was 7.70% in 2017, with clearly higher trends in southeast regions and lower trends in northeast regions. Northern Yulin had a lower proportion of primary industry to gross domestic production and ratio of agriculture to animal husbandry than southern Yulin. The agricultural structure variability index and agricultural specialization index have changed little, while the actual growth rate of the rural per capita net income has dramatically declined in the last decade. The rural poverty ratio was positively correlated with proportion of primary industry and ratio of agriculture to animal husbandry. These results suggest that a reduced proportion of primary industry and animal husbandry development will promote rural poverty alleviation and future rural revitalization. -
Probing the Spatial Cluster of Meriones Unguiculatus Using the Nest Flea Index Based on GIS Technology
Accepted Manuscript Title: Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology Author: Dafang Zhuang Haiwen Du Yong Wang Xiaosan Jiang Xianming Shi Dong Yan PII: S0001-706X(16)30182-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.007 Reference: ACTROP 4009 To appear in: Acta Tropica Received date: 14-4-2016 Revised date: 3-8-2016 Accepted date: 6-8-2016 Please cite this article as: Zhuang, Dafang, Du, Haiwen, Wang, Yong, Jiang, Xiaosan, Shi, Xianming, Yan, Dong, Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology.Acta Tropica http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology Dafang Zhuang1, Haiwen Du2, Yong Wang1*, Xiaosan Jiang2, Xianming Shi3, Dong Yan3 1 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. -
Vegetation NDVI Change and Its Relationship with Climate Change and Human Activities in Yulin, Shaanxi Province of China
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2016, 4, 28-40 http://www.scirp.org/journal/gep ISSN Online: 2327-4344 ISSN Print: 2327-4336 Vegetation NDVI Change and Its Relationship with Climate Change and Human Activities in Yulin, Shaanxi Province of China Tao Wang1,2,3 1College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China 2College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China 3State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China How to cite this paper: Wang, T. (2016) Abstract Vegetation NDVI Change and Its Relation- ship with Climate Change and Human Activ- Yulin is a typical ecological fragile area in China, and its vegetation ecosystem is so ities in Yulin, Shaanxi Province of China. fragile that could be vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Spatial and Journal of Geoscience and Environment Pro- temporal change of vegetation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tection, 4, 28-40. its relationship with climate change and human activities were analyzed based on http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.410002 MODIS NDVI data from 2000 to 2015, as well as annual temperature and precipita- Received: September 8, 2016 tion data from 2000 to 2014, and linear trend analysis, correlation and buffer analysis Accepted: October 10, 2016 were used. Result showed: 1) NDVI value was small and vegetation cover was low, Published: October 13, 2016 but NDVI had a linear growth rate of 0.0096/annum from 2000 to 2015 in Yulin area. -
Study on the Potential of Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Based on a Geological Detector
Received: 11 August 2017 Revised: 29 October 2017 Accepted: 31 December 2017 DOI: 10.1002/gj.3160 SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLE Study on the potential of cultivated land quality improvement based on a geological detector Xuefeng Yuan | Yajing Shao | Xindong Wei | Rui Hou | Yue Ying | Yonghua Zhao School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China The restrictive factors of cultivated land are key to the improvement of cultivated land quality, Correspondence scientific implementation of the land consolidation projects, and the efficiency of remediation. Xindong Wei, School of Earth Science and On the basis of the provincial plots of cultivated land quality in Shaanxi Province, this paper Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, analysed the improvement potential of cultivated land quality from the perspective of restrictive 710054, China. Email: [email protected] factors. First, the potential exponential model was used to determine the distribution of various Funding information combinations of restrictive factors at the provincial scale. Second, a geological detector was used the State Key Laboratory Fund of the Key to determine the influences of different combinations of restrictive factors on cultivated land Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land quality. Finally, through the investigation of cultivated land consolidation projects that have been Consolidation Engineering, Grant/Award implemented in the study area, the improvement potential level of different combinations of Number: SXDJ2017‐4; Shaanxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Team Project, restrictive factors was determined. The degree of influence of the single restrictive factor or com- Grant/Award Number: 2016 KCT‐23 binations of restrictive factors on the quality of cultivated land was improved, and the difference of the quality of cultivated land in different index areas could be revealed as well. -
Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics in the Natural Plague
Du et al. Infectious Diseases of Poverty (2017) 6:124 DOI 10.1186/s40249-017-0338-7 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics in the natural plague foci of Chinese Mongolian gerbils based on spatial autocorrelation Hai-Wen Du1,2, Yong Wang1*, Da-Fang Zhuang1 and Xiao-San Jiang2* Abstract Background: The nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a critical indicator for the prevention and control of plague, which can be used not only to detect the spatial and temporal distributions of Meriones unguiculatus, but also to reveal its cluster rule. This research detected the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the plague natural foci of Mongolian gerbils by body flea index from 2005 to 2014, in order to predict plague outbreaks. Methods: Global spatial autocorrelation was used to describe the entire spatial distribution pattern of the body flea index in the natural plague foci of typical Chinese Mongolian gerbils. Cluster and outlier analysis and hot spot analysis were also used to detect the intensity of clusters based on geographic information system methods. The quantity of M. unguiculatus nest fleas in the sentinel surveillance sites from 2005 to 2014 and host density data of the study area from 2005 to 2010 used in this study were provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: The epidemic focus regions of the Mongolian gerbils remain the same as the hot spot regions relating to the body flea index. High clustering areas possess a similar pattern as the distribution pattern of the body flea index indicating that the transmission risk of plague is relatively high.