E1491 v.1
Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project Public Disclosure Authorized by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Part A Executive Summary
Public Disclosure Authorized
Shaanxi Institute for Environmental Sciences Research and Design
Dec. 2006
Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Brief Description of the Project...... 2 3. Regional Environmental Conditions...... 6 3.1 Definitions of Environmental Boundary/types...... 6 3.2 Natural Environment...... 6 3.3 Ecological Environment...... 7 3.4 Socio-economic Conditions...... 8 3.5 Current Status of Drinking Water in Project Area ...... 8 3.6 Sanitation Status in Project Areas...... 9 4. Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements...... 9 4.1 Identification of Environmental Impacts...... 9 4.2 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements ..... 9 4.2.1 environmental sensitivity...... 9 4.2.2 Assurance of water quantity...... 10 4.2.3 Assurance of drinking water quality...... 12 4.2.4 The safety of dams...... 15 4.2.5 Public health and sanitation ...... 15 4.2.6 Environmental impacts from construction...... 17 4.2.7 Assurance of sustainability of project...... 18 4.2.8 Alternatives ...... 20 4.2.9 Environmental impacts from sanitation engineering...... 23 4.2.10 Risk assessment...... 24 5. Public consultation and information disclosure ...... 25 5.1 Project planning phase ...... 25 5.2 Project implementation phase...... 27 6 Environmental Management Plan...... 28 6.1 Note for this environmental management plan...... 28 6.2 Summary of environmental issues and mitigation measurements from environmental assessment process ...... 28 6.3 Summary of environmental monitoring...... 28 6.4 Environmental management organization...... 30 6.5 Technical supports and environmental management training ...... 31 6.6 Summary of environmental management works ...... 31 6.7 Environmental management reporting...... 35 6.8 Environmental management cost and budget assurance...... 35 7. Environmental Policy Framework for Remaining 80% Project...... 35 7.1 Brief introduction to remaining 80% project...... 35 7.2 Environmental baselines and impact prediction in remaining 80% project .. 36 7.3 Environmental assessment framework for remaining 80% project ...... 36 7.4 Reporting to World Bank...... 39
I Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 1. Introduction
This report is an executive summary report of environmental assessment for Shaanxi rural drinking water supply and sanitation project loaning from World Bank and funding by the donation of DFID. It is one of project documents for an appraisal by World Bank.
To improve drinking water supply and sanitation conditions in some remote rural areas in Shaanxi province, Shaanxi provincial government decided to initiate a program on rural drinking water supply and sanitation in 90 project blocks within 15 counties (city) by seeking a loan from World Bank and funding of DFID. It is expected to provide drink water supply and a better sanitation conditions for about 321,000 populations in 335 villages. The investment is estimated as 37.5 million USD, among which 12.5 million USD from loan of World Bank and 12.5 million from the donation of DFID and 12.5 million from domestic sources.
This project was classified as category B by World Bank in September 2005. An environmental assessment report and environmental management plan were required. A scope report for this environmental assessment was provided.
In November 2005, World Bank required to undertake and complete an environmental assessment for the 1st group of project areas (20% (4 project counties/districts)) and then develop a policy framework for environmental assessments of the remaining 80% project areas.
Shaanxi provincial development and reform commission assigned Shaanxi Institute for Environmental Sciences Research and Design (short for Shaanxi Environmental Institute (SEI)) to undertake an environmental assessment for Shaanxi rural safe drinking water and sanitation project in November 2005.
An environmental assessment for the 1st group of project areas (20%) and a policy framework for environmental assessment of remaining 80% project areas were completed by SEI in September 2006. This executive summary report was prepared based on the full report of environmental assessment of the 1st group of project areas and the policy framework for environmental assessments of remaining 80% project areas.
This report is prepared according to Chinese relevant laws and regulations for environmental assessment, World Bank environmental policies, outline and appraisal remarks of environmental assessment provided by World Bank preparation and pre- appraisal, appraisal missions.
The full environmental assessment report includes three parts: 1) executive summary report (part A, this document); 2) main report (part B, includes the policy framework for environmental assessment of remaining 80% project); 3) environmental management plan (part C). This executive summary report provides a summary on the main report and environmental management plan.
1 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 2. General Description of the Project
This project mainly includes three elements i.e. water supply, improvements in toilets, and garbage disposal. Water supply includes utilizing existing water reservoirs, channeling water from nearby rivers, on-site deep wells, and existing tap water plants.
According to the project planning, new water supply capacity of 21,879m3 /day will be increased via newly building-up, modification, and expansion of existing capacity, 73,978 toilets will be built or improved, and 796 garbage disposal sites at villages will be constructed.
The first 20% project area involves in 11 project blocks within 4 counties. A summary of these engineering works is presented in table 2.2.2-1 2.2.2-2.
It will take 5 years to complete all project activities and planned to start from January 2007 until March 2012.
2 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 2.2.2-1 Water supply programs in project area (summary)
Tap- water Project Project Water Sources plant/wat Type Storage ponds Pipes Remark county blocks Engineering er treatment station Yao Chi 52.60k River 2 Overflow dams 1 2 ponds @ 200m3 Tou m Bing 31.00k Ya He Wan Deep well 4 deep well 1 2 ponds @ 100m3 Xian m Ming Yu Existing water / / / 31km Chi supply facility 1 new water-taking 1 pond with100m3,2 ponds @ 88.14k Ma Zhui Reservoir 1 Yao pumping station 200m3,1 pond with 300m3 m Zhou Reservoir 1 modified water-taking 1 pond with 200m3,1 pond with 90.50k Bao Cun 1 pumping station 300m3 m Reservoir 1 collection pond and 1 51.15k Xi Yuan 1 1 pond with 200m3 Ying pumping station m Tai Existing water 76.62k Chen Lu 1 pumping station 1 2 @ 300m3 supply facility m Wang Zhui 2 ponds @ 300m3 with high Zhi Dan Deep well 2 pumping wells / 80km Zi adjustment function 1 pond with 300m3 with high 22.64k Sun Cha Deep well 1 pumping well / adjustment function m 2 ponds @ 300m3 with high 33.2k Niu Gou Deep well 2 pumping wells / adjustment function m
3 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
1 pond with 300m3 with high 17.8k Shi Wa Deep well 1 pumping well / adjustment function m
4 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 2.2.2-2 Toilet modification and garbage disposal engineering (summary)
Toilet with 3 School Project Project Methane Double- Garbage School Hand- compartments septic Garbage county blocks Toilet funnel toilet Collection Site washing facility tank Site Yao Chi Tou 900 2146 6 26 / / Bing Ya He Wan 350 1081 2 11 / / Xian Ming Yu Chi 250 1293 1 13 / / 10 Yao Ma Zui / 2702 10 35 10 Zhou Bao Cun / 2505 6 25 6 6 Xi Yuan 121 1156 469 23 / 4 Ying Tai Chen Lu 500 3907 20 23 / 12 Wang Zhui 2367 / 2 26 / / Zi Sun Cha 444 / 1 12 / 6 Zhi Dan Niu Gou 871 / 2 21 / / Shi Wa 279 / 1 12 / /
5 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 3. Regional Environmental Conditions
In chapter 3 of the main report, the boundary of the first 20% project area was defined and then regional natural physical environments, ecological environments, socio- economic conditions, drinking water status and sanitation conditions were addressed.
3.1 Definitions of Environmental Boundary/types
The boundary of study area for each project block was defined according to the type of water sources. The target environmental study area include project block, areas influence the project and areas impacted by the project implementation and operation.
3.2 Natural Environment
Landforms
Each project block is separately distributed in 4 counties of Shaanxi province. The main types of landforms are tableland of river, mountain areas, high-land, and valley.
Geology
All project blocks are geologically as part of plateau of Ordos. Project blocks within Zhidan county mainly are Quaternary loess with few exposure of new tertiary strata (red earth). Project blocks within Yintai district are of hilly-gullied region with Mesozoic rock mountainous area at lower part of the town urban area. Project blocks within Yaozhou district are mainly of limestone and rocks of Majiagou group of the Mid-Ordovician and erosion-type landform from a long time erosion process of sand rocks (Permian and Triassic) can be observed. Project blocks within Bing county are mainly of alluvium of Q4 and Q3 of Quaternary period. No geo-hazard area and faults, sink are observed in all project blocks.
Hydrology
1 Surface water
There are 3 main river systems in Zhidan county i.e. Luo River, Zhou River, and Xingzhi River. Yintai district covers both of Luo River and Wei River systems. The main river within Yintai district is Lishui River. Yaozhou district holds 5 major rives – Ju River, Lishui River, Zhaoshi River, Zhuyu River and Qingyu River which are belong to Shichuan River system of Wei River system of Yellow River. Jing River is the major river in Bing county and is the branch of Yellow river. Among all rivers mentioned-above, Luo River, Zhou River and Jing River are of very poor water quality and much below the quality requirements as a drinking water source.
In this project, it is planned to channel water from 3 reservoirs – 1) Taoqupou reservoir which is located in Yaozhou district with the volume of 57.2 million m3. Its
6 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation upstream river is Ju river; 2) Baocun reservoir which is also sited in Yaozhou district with the volume of 1.28 million m3 . Its upstream river is Zhuyu river; and 3) Mashaogou reservoir which is located in Yintai district with the volume of 3.12 million m3. Its upstream river is Qishui River.
2 Groundwater
In Yintai district, Bing county, and Yaozhou district, the aquifers are fissures among Fuji rocks under loess in main forms of pressured rock fissure water and hole fissure water. The distribution of groundwater is not same among areas, wide storage, and lower flow rate. It is difficult to explore it and ground water can only be used for human being and cattle uses in some localized area. Aquifers in project blocks in Zhidan county are sand, sand stone and sand rock of Q3 and Q4 of alluvium of Quaternary period. The main forms of groundwater are phreatic water and pressured water among holes or fissures. The depth of aquifers are normally 200 meters below ground with volume of 64 million m3. It has a significant potential to develop these groundwater resources.
Climate
All project blocks experience a typical warm, continental climate with four seasons and obvious warm and cold, try and wet characters. The average sunlight hour is among 2260-2313 hours per year. The annual average temperature is 7.8 –12.3oC. The annual average rainfall is 520-590mm with the raining season of July to September. The annual average evaporation capacity is 800 – 1100 mm. The average wind speed is between 1.4 – 2.2 m/s. The worse weather are dry, frost, ice, heavy rain, strong wind.
Soil types
All soils are from loess including black soil, yellow soil, red soil, alluvium soil. These soils are thick and of good quality for farming.
Mineral resources
There exist rich mineral resources in the project areas mainly including coal, oil shale, limestone, and clay. According to the information from geological department, there is no project area for exploration and production of such mineral resources.
3.3 Ecological Environment
All project blocks are distributed in suburban areas with high density of residents and locals have difficulties to access clean drinking water. The type of environment is an agricultural ecosystem affected by human activities for a long time.
7 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation In these project blocks, corn, cotton and sweat vegetable are mainly planted by local farmers. There are few forests with economic value. No rare or dangerous plants are identified. The habitats for wild life have been changed by agricultural activities and big wild life stay from these project blocks and no rare or dangerous animal is identified. Animal husbandry/fowl species (pig, ox, bull, chicken and duck) are major animals in the project blocks.
According to the survey from forestry department, no environmentally sensitive areas such as nature reserves, protected wetlands, habitats of nature species, areas of occupied by rare/dangerous species and geo-hazard areas.
3.4 Socio-economic Conditions
The population in each project block of 4 counties are 15,800-28,000. The landscape is similar among all of these project blocks and mainly of farmland, forest land, and un-utilized lands. Try land is the major type of farmland. At moment, the main income sources for villagers are plantation, husbandry and short-time employment outside of village with the annual net income of 1,125-1,500RMB. Education is developed quickly and pupils can go to near schools. There are 7769 children and teenagers in schools within project blocks which is 99% of whole population of school-age. In some villages of project blocks, cable TV and programmed telephone are available, mobile phone signals cover 90% of total area. At moment, county town is the center of land transportation and links with other townships via highway networks. The later usually has one simple highway (one lane for vehicles) to villages.
3.5 Current Status of Drinking Water in Project Area
At this moment, the major drinking water sources are stored water, small/shallow wells, stream water via transport by human from far distance, or self-well. No any treatment for these drinking waters is undertaken and no assurance for water quality can provided for these drinking water. The major issues in project area are: z The shortage of water source and insufficient water amount in the project area. It is estimated to have 2-4 months in the shortage of water per year. In such period, it needs people to take water from far away which takes time and energy. z Water pollution- many parameters can not meet the criteria of safe drinking water quality. There is also high opportunity for water-borne communicable diseases. On other hand, chemicals in current water resources present a high opportunity for endemic diseases such as Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Kashin-Beck Disease, Endemic Fluorosis.
8 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 3.6 Sanitation Status in Project Areas
At moment, no essential wastewater/garbage treatment facility is installed. Garbage is disposed at people’s will (almost anywhere). Excrements of cattle and poultry can be observed commonly. Local sanitation condition is poor. In addition, it is also short of essential medical facilities, low awareness of a good sanitation and good living habit. It results in a high occurring of water-borne disease and Gastroenteric diseases.
The current situation of short of water amount, poor water quality and sanitations significantly affect the normal life of farmers. It, therefore, require an urgent effort to improve local safe drinking water and sanitation conditions.
4. Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements
4.1 Identification of Environmental Impacts
Based on the scope document provided by World Bank Preparation Mission (annex 1) and the requirements of World Bank Appraisal Mission, ten aspects of environmental assessment are defined as (mainly for water supply engineering) environmental sensitivity, assurance of water quantity, assurance of water quality, safety of dams, public health, environmental impacts of constructions, assurance of sustainability of project, alternatives, environmental impacts from sanitation engineering and risk assessment.
4.2 Environmental Assessment and Environmental Protection Measurements
4.2.1 environmental sensitivity
The 1st group of project areas (20%) is located at rural residential areas with difficulties to access clean water. The human activities have resulted in a low environmental sensitivity – no nature reserves, protected wetlands, habitats of nature species, areas of occupied by rare/dangerous species, cultural heritage sites, site- seeing sites and geo-hazard areas.
The only environmental sensitive targets involved in the project are protection zones for water sources of drinking water including Wangyao reservoir and its upstream watershed of Xingzi River; Taoqupo reservoir and its upstream watershed of Ju River.
The project block of Shiwa in Zhidan county is outside of protection zone of Wangyao reservoir and water sources for project block is groundwater without impacts to the quantity and quality of water in Wangyao reservoir. The main water supply engineering includes drilling wells, constructing small storage compartments (also for purification of water) and pipes. These are of limited engineering scale without a large digging operation and stone laying with a minor impacts on reservoir
9 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation and its upstream rivers.
The project block of Mazhui will use Taoqupo reservoir as water supply source but it only takes 2.58% of total available amount of the reservoir and should not be threat for the capacity of water supply of Taoqupo reservoir to Tongchuan city. The main water supply engineering are the construction of pumping stations, water treatment plant and pipes with limited engineering scale with a minor impacts on reservoir and its upstream rivers.
A series of environmental protection measurements will be implemented during the construction and operation phases of the project which will minimize environmental impacts from the project.
4.2.2 Assurance of water quantity
1 Prediction of quantity consumed by the project
The objective of this project is to provide safe drinking water for rural areas in Shaanxi province. As project blocks are widely distributed, the water amount consumed in each project block is relatively small. The water amount in each project block is estimated and the results are presented as below (table 4.2.2-3).
10 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Table 4.2.2-3 Designed demand amount of water supply in each project block
Daily Maximu Maximum Daily Project Project deman m daily annual demand Remark county blocks d pers demand demand(104 cattle on (m3) m3 ) Yao Chi 42L/d 35L/d 858.86 31.34 River Tou Bin Xian Ya He Wan 42L/d 35L/d 352.19 12.85 Deep well Ming Yu 42L/d 35L/d 413.07 15.08 Tap-water Chi Yao Ma Zui 50L/d 30L/d 772.59 28.20 Reservoir Zhou Bao Cun 50L/d 30L/d 695.56 25.39 Reservoir Xi Yuan 42L/d 35L/d 541.36 19.80 Reservoir Yin Tai Chen Lu 42L/d 35L/d 1013.33 36.99 Tap-water Wang Zui 50L/d 25L/d 668.87 24.41 Deep well Zi Zhi Dan Sun Cha 50L/d 25L/d 125.96 4.60 Deep well Niu Gou 50L/d 25L/d 246.20 8.99 Deep well Shi Wa 50L/d 25L/d 79.71 2.91 Deep well
2) Amount of water supply in project
As a relatively small amount of water demand in the project, the capacity of water supply in all selected water sources are much more than the amount of water demand in project. It is certain that water amount demanded by the project can be provided by selected water sources.
Table 4.2.2-4 presents a comparison of amounts of water supply and water demand.
Table 4.2.2-4 Summary of reservoirs status in project area
Total capacity Total amount Capacity for for water Water demand Reservoir Volume consumed by water supply to supply per in project current users the project year Taoqupo 3602×104m3 5231×104m3 2224×104m3 36.5×104m3/a 28.2×104m3/a Baocun 137×104m3 80×104m3 0 29.2×104m3/a 25.4×104m3/a Mashaogou 312×104m3 / 0 22.4×104m3/a 19.8×104m3/a
All project blocks using reservoir as water source have been approved by the reservoir management and it is confirmed that these reservoir can provide water to these project blocks. Agreements on water supply have been signed.
Only the project block of Yaochitou in Bing county will use streams as a water source. No other users in the section of two streams where water will be channeled into project block. The combined flow rate of these 2 streams is 1,050m3/d in average
11 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation in a year. The water amount demanded by the project is 858.86m3/d. It can meet water demand by the project. In lower water season, there is 80,000m3 storing in overflow dam which can provide water for lower water season.
For those project blocks using groundwater as water source, the quantity of storage, rechargeable water and available extraction in aquifers are sufficient to satisfy the water demands in these project blocks. It is unlikely to have a negative impacts on the groundwater resources and ensure the sustainability of the project. Regional groundwater information is summarized in table 4.2.2-5.
Table 4.2.2-5 Summary of groundwater in counties using deep wells
County Storage 104m³ Rechargeable 104m³ Available Project extraction 104m³ demand 104m³ Bing / 287.7 926.47 31.34 Xian Zhidan 6400 1280 4097 40.91 Xian
In remaining project blocks (Chenlu and Mingyuchi), tap water will be used as water source. The targeted tap-water plants are Tongchuan and Taiyuhe tap water plants. The designed water supply capacity, current consumption, available capacity to the project are presented in table 4.2.2-6
Table 4.2.2-6 Summary of water supply information in tap water plants
Tap water Designed Current Available water Water plant water supply consumption supply capacity to demand in capacity the project project Tongchuan 2920×104m3/a 912×104m3/a 54.8×104m3/a 37.0×104m3/a Taiyuhe 40×104m3/a 20×104m3/a 20×104m3/a 15.1×104m3/a
3 Environmental protection measurements
Project management office (PMO) should collect the statistics of available water supply capacity and actual water demand amount in each project block and analyze the assurance degree for water supply and conduct sampling study at user end to assess the satisfaction of water demand.
4.2.3 Assurance of drinking water quality
1 monitoring for water quality of water sources
PMO will assign water quality monitoring unit to undertake water quality monitoring for water sources. The responsible monitoring units and monitoring requirements are presented in table 4.2.3-1.
12 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 4.2.3-1Monitoring for water quality of water sources
Project Project Type of Responsible unit for water monitoring Result of monitoring county blocks monitoring Yao Chi Tou Xianyang public health station Regular monitoring Bing Xian Ya He Wan Xianyang public health station Regular monitoring Ming Yu Chi Shaanxi provincial sanitation monitoring station Regular monitoring One-time Ma Zhui Tongchuan Yaozhou public health station monitoring Yao Zhou One-time Bao Cun Tongchuan Yaozhou public health station monitoring Qualified as water source for Tongchuan tap water plant – water monitoring Xi Yuan Regular monitoring drinking water center Ying Tai Tongchuan tap water plant – water monitoring Chen Lu Regular monitoring center Wang Zhui Zi Yan-an Center for Disease Control (CDC) Regular Monitoring Sun Cha Yan-an Center for Disease Control (CDC) Regular Monitoring Zhi Dan Niu Gou Yan-an Center for Disease Control (CDC) Regular Monitoring Shi Wa Yan-an Center for Disease Control (CDC) Regular Monitoring
13 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation The monitoring results in each project block are presented in chapter 4 of the main report (table 4.2.3-2). The monitoring results show that monitoring parameters meet with criteria of Grade III in “standards of surface water quality(GB3838-2002)”and “standards for groundwater quality (BG/T14848-1993)”as well as “Rules for implementing “drinking water hygienic criteria” in rural area (1991.05.03)”except for color, turbidity, total coliform and total E-coli in some water samples. It concludes that these water sources are qualified as drinking water sources.
2 Evaluation of water treatment process
In the project blocks where surface water (river and reservoir) is used as water sources, it is planned to construct water treatment plant to purify and dis-infect source water and then channel water into networks of water supply. The water treatment process is feasible to ensure required quality can be met.
In the project blocks where groundwater is used as water sources, it is planned to construct storage pond at high places and then add chlorine to disinfect source water and then channel water into networks of water supply. As groundwater is of good quality, it is reasonable to add chlorine only before use.
In the project blocks where tap water is used as water sources, water quality is ensured by existing water quality control in tap water plants.
3 Evaluation of water quality at terminals of networks
As networks of water supply is enclosed system, it is normally ensured to have a good water quality in the networks after a purification and dis-infection process
As this project is a small-scale centralized water supply engineering, water supply may not continuous. When user does not take water, water will be kept in storage ponds. If water stays in storage ponds too long time, it is possible to generate some microbes which result in a decrease of water quality. Therefore, the water quality in the project is linked with the clean degree of water storage ponds.
On the other hand, it is possible to have a negative pressure in the networks as water supply is not continuous. If tap of networks connects with the container of water of users, it is possible for water in container to enter back the networks via tap which will has a negative impact on water quality in the whole networks.
It should install a valve in the networks to prevent water in container to enter networks. It is also required to clean the storage ponds regularly and keep a positive pressure in the networks. It is also necessary to educate villagers to separate water container and tap after water is received. It provides an assurance to water quality when all measurements mentioned-above are in place.
14 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 4 Environmental protection measurements
In project implementation period, PMO will employ professionals to monitor water quality of source water, export water at water plants, and network terminals in each project block to ensure a safe water quality.
4.2.4 The safety impact of dams
There are three project blocks where reservoir will be used as water source. All dams involved are higher than 15 meters with many operational years. The essential information on these dam is presented in table 4.2.4-1.
Table 4.2.4-1 Project involved dam information
Height of Area of water Dam name Volume ×104m3 Components Note dam m collection km2 Earth Taoqupo 61 3602 830 dam Dam, flooding Earth Baocun 27.7 137 15.74 path discharge dam facilities Earth Maoshaogou 40 312 11 dam
According to World Bank OP4.37-safety of dam and requirements of World Bank Mission, a separate dam safety report was prepared (annex 5)
The expert panel from Shaanxi provincial and local governments undertook a comprehensive safety inspection on dams in 2001 and 2002. It was concluded that these three dams involved in this project are B type dam ,safe with normal operation. In condition of finishing related dam safety treatment, dam can be used by the project.
The water quantity channeled from reservoir is small with limited earth-works and a short period for construction activities. These engineering activities will not have impacts on the dam safety.
In China, there is a comprehensive legal framework for dam safety. The safety aspects in these three dams are managed/operated by assigned organizations. Governments organize experts to conduct inspection on dams prior to the flooding season and after flooding season to ensure that all dams are safe and operation is normal.
In this project, it is planned to have an annual dam safety review by PMO and water conservancy sector, dam charged sector and submit reports to World Bank.
4.2.5 Public health and sanitation
1 Review on current status
15 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation At this moment, the economic development in the project areas is behind the national status and it is difficult to ensure a safe drinking water. Villagers are short of knowledge in health and a good life style. It is also lack of essential medical facilities and equipments. The clinics in villages of project blocks are mainly operated by individuals with simple facilities, less drugs.
No wastewater and garbage treatment facilities in the project blocks. Industrial (processing) and domestic garbage, excrement of cattle and poultry can be observed everywhere. At this moment, the toilets used by villagers are earth-made dry pits.
For all these reasons mentioned-above, endemic and communicable diseases are highly occurred esp. water-borne diseases dysentery, intestinal infections and diarrhea. The occurring of Kashin disease and Kashin-Beck Disease are higher than the average in the country.
2 Project benefits analysis
It will improve the life quality of locals via implementing this water supply program that will help locals to access safe drinking water. It will also prevent the occurring of endemics due to water quality and significantly reduce the incidence of water borne diseases. According to relevant researches, it can achieve a 50% reduction of dysentery, intestinal infections and diarrhea.
In this project, garbage storage sites and disposal sites will be constructed to collect and dispose of garbage in a centralized approach. This will significantly improve local sanitation conditions and remarkably decrease the incidence of disease related to garbage.
This project will also help the modification of existing simple dry toilets via constructing two pits toilets or methane toilets. As the harmless treatment of excrements can be undertaken in these two kinds of toilets, all relevant diseases (caused by contacting excrement or excrement related) will be decrease in incidence. In addition, the change in storage of excrement from open to covered which block the access of fly and mosquito to excrement can effectively prevent the occurring of fly/mosquito-borne disease.
The coverage of sanitation facilities will be increased and the management and operation of these facilities will be improved by implementing this project. It will be 100% coverage of harmless sanitation toilets in 335 villages. Three compartment toilets will be used in all schools (180). It will achieve 75% for temporary storage of garbage and centralized transport among rural households after project implementation.
It will improve health conditions via changing individual’s living habits in project areas. It is targeted to increase the rate of hand washing before meals and after using
16 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation toilets from 7-15% to 50% among villagers, 60% of hand washing rate among pupils in schools. It plans to treat excrement of child <5 yrs old from current 35% to 80%.
This plan is also considered as a public health promotion project to significantly improve life quality of locals and prevent and reduce occurring of communicable diseases.
3 Health impact assessment of project
The engineering scales of the project is small with short construction period and small construction teams. Most workers will be employed from local villages so it is no risk to bring health issues from external workers to local community.
No resettlement issue is presented in this project as only few farmland will be taken for this project. The disturbances from the project is minor to local’s life. No negative health impacts on locals in project areas.
There are two potential health risks to the public i.e. 1) terminal water is polluted after a centralized water supply system is set up. A full discussions on this issue is presented in the section of 4.2.3 in this report; 2) after a centralized collection of garbage, it may bring health risks if children can access it due to mistakes in site selection and designs or poor management which bring a new source for fly, mosquito, and mice. This issues will be discussed in the section of 4.2.9 – Sanitation engineering. In addition, environmental risk assessment in the section of 4.2.10 also discuss these issues. All environmental control measurements are presented in these sections and ensure that these two public health risks can be reduced to a minimum degree or removed.
4 Environmental measurement
PMO will employ professionals to conduct sampling studies on public health conditions in project area.
4.2.6 Environmental impacts from construction
This project is a water supply program for rural areas with limited engineering scale and distributed in different counties(districts). There are some disturbances to the environments but it is minor, localized and short period.
To mitigate negative environmental impacts from construction activities to a minimum and acceptable, it should adopt a series of environmental measurements including water pollution controls, dust controls, noise controls, solid waste management, sanitation management, eco-environmental protection and site restoration of temporary land use areas of projects.
17 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation As the construction will be undertaken by construction contractors and all environmental measurements will also be implemented by construction contractors, these environmental measurements will be issued by provincial PMO in a form of “Requirements on environmental protection in construction” to require all construction contractors to commit to follow and implement these requirements.
When construction contract is signed between county (district) PMO and construction contractors, “Requirements on environmental protection in construction” will be integrated into contract document and committed by contractors to follow it.
Each county (district) PMO should assign project supervision engineers to monitor and manage on-site performances of contractors against “Requirements on environmental protection in construction”
Provincial and city PMO should assign inspectors to regularly visit construction sites to check if contractors follow “requirements on environmental protection in construction” and close the gaps identified during the inspection.
4.2.7 Assurance of sustainability of project
1 Policy assurance of project sustainability
China State Council and China National Development and Reform Commission and the ministry of water resources as well as Shaanxi provincial governments pay high attention to the issues of safe drinking water and modification of toilets in rural areas. As a result of this attention, a series of policies are issued. Clear targets and detail requirements on implementation are presented in these policy documents.
In “the implementation planning of establishment of rural safe drinking water (2004- 2005)”, Shaanxi provincial government plans to invest 204.7 million RMB to solve the issues of unsafe drinking water among 5.22 million residents. In “the planning of modification of toilets in rural areas in Shaanxi province (2005-2010)”, it stated as “make progress in modification of toilets in rural areas, improve sanitation conditions in rural areas, and change unhealthy habits”.
This project is compatible with national and provincial policies and planning. The relevant detailed implementation rules in Shaanxi province are being implemented. The implementation and sustainability of this project is ensured by these policies.
2 Management of water supply as drinking water
At moment, there are several drinking water sources in project areas i.e. stored water, springs, shallow wells and river water without administration and water quality monitoring.
18 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Referring to the management experiences in similar projects in Shaanxi province, two management models are proposed in this project according to the different types of water supply.
Model for channeling water from reservoir and river
County (district) leading group office of water
Project block water supply company, association or station
Some water management staff
Components of water supply
Figure 4.2.7-1 Model for channeling water from reservoir and river
Model for deep well and existing water supply facility
County (district) leading group office of water
Some water management staff
Components of water
Figure 4.2.7-2 Model for deep well and existing water supply facility
In comparison with no management in place in past years, water management organization is set up in project area that will greatly improve the reliability of water supply for safe drinking water. Experiences in other similar projects in Shaanxi province show that it is a reasonable and feasible to set up a water management organization in such projects. However, it is a new task in local governments to undertake management of water supply for drinking water in rural areas. The water supply management organization should improve itself in implementation and operation including assignment of responsibility, development of rules and procedures, supervision and inspection, and participatory management of users.
To realize an effective and sustainable management and targets for project implementation and operation, it is recommended to enforce participatory management of users, prepare implementation rules for project management, have a clear roles and responsibility and management procedures and approaches.
19 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 4.2.8 Alternatives
This main purpose of project is to provide safe drinking water for rural areas. The environmental impacts from the project depend on type of water supply i.e. water from reservoir, river, deep well and existing water supply facility. Table 4.2.8-1 provides a comparison among different options in each project block.
20 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 4.2.8-1 Comparison among different options in each project block
Project Technical County water source typeAvailable Water Sourc Quantity Quality Cost-effective analys Remarks block option Reservoir No / / / / / Yes Yujia Gou Yao chi tou River Sufficient Fair Easy to treat High investment Ni River Deep well No / / / / / Bingxian Reservoir No / / / / / Yahe River Yes Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment Jing River Yes No treatment Deep Wan Deep well Sufficient Good Lower investment required aquifier Reservoir No / / / / / Yuming River Yes Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment Jing River Yes Hard to treat Bitter&salt Chi Deep well Sufficient Poor High investment y water Yes Mashuogo Reservoir Sufficient Good Easy to treat Lower investment u reservoir Xiyuan River No / / / / / Yintai Deep well No / / / / / Reservoir No / / / / / Chenlu River No / / / / / Deep well No / / / / / Yes Yaoqupo Yaozhou Mazui Reservoir Sufficient Good Easy to treat Lower investment reservoir River No / / / / / Deep well No / / / / /
21 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Yes Baocun Baocun Reservoir Sufficient Good Easy to treat Lower investment reservoir River No / / / / / Deep well No / / / / / Reservoir No / / / / / Wangzuizi Yes Contamina River Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment ted water Yes No treatment is Deep Deep well Sufficient Good Lower investment required aquifer Reservoir No / / / / / Yes Contamina River Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment Suncha ted water Yes No treatment is Deep Deep well Sufficient Good Lower investment required aquifer Zhidan Reservoir No / / / / / Yes Contamina River Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment Niugou ted water Yes No treatment is Deep Deep well Sufficient Good Lower investment required aquifer Reservoir No / / / / / Yes Contamina River Sufficient Poor Hard to treat High investment ted water Shiwa Yes No treatment is Deep Deep well Sufficient Good Lower investment required aquifer
22 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation The decision is made following rules – deciding engineering option based on available water quantity, quality, technical feasibility and investment and then comparing with the option to use existing water supply facility in technical and cost aspects. After this process, the final option is determined.
As constraints in water quantity and quality, the number of selection of water supply types is limited in the project blocks. It can conclude that the current option for water supply is reasonable with minor environmental impacts.
4.2.9 Environmental impacts from sanitation engineering
1 Sanitation engineering
In addition to water supply component, sanitation engineering includes:
A To construct methane toilets and two pits toilets at villagers household.
B To construct three compartment toilets and hand washing stations at schools.
C To construct garbage collection sites at villages and schools in project blocks.
D To construct simple protection facility at selected garbage disposal sites in project blocks.
2 Environmental assessment for these sanitation engineering
The water supply increased in this project is for drinking water without wastewater discharge from production process. The volume of domestic wastewater will likely be increased but the composition of these wastewaters is simple without toxic components. In addition, water-saving concept is among locals as dry climates for a long time and water resources are limited. It estimates that the amount of domestic wastewater should not be significantly increased. The environmental impacts from the discharge of domestic wastewater are minor.
The excrements in newly built toilets will be treated under an enclosure condition to achieve harmless after the treatment. All treated excrements will be transported regularly and used by locals as fertilizer. The new toilets will prevent the occurring of diseases via excrement, improve their living environments, and treated excrements can still be used as fertilizer. It is an environmental benefit from such sanitation engineering.
In general, there is no specific garbage treatment facility in villages within project blocks at this moment. Garbage collection sites will be constructed in villages within project blocks to avoid the disposal of garbage everywhere within villages. It will play a significant role in improving local environment within villages.
23 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation However, it may present some negative impacts on local environment if such garbage treatment facility is not designed well or constructed at un-suitable site or theses facilities are not managed well.
A The location of site is not appropriate if it is not convenient for villagers so villagers give up to use it or it is too close to some villagers houses so it results in complaints from locals.
B A poor design for such sites may result in the spillage of garbage outside of sites and children may contact with such spilled garbage.
C The garbage can not be cleaned out in time and it may result in the outcomes in A and B above-mentioned.
D If the location of garbage collection sites is not correctly selected or no protection measurements is in place, it is possible to contaminate soil and water via these garbage.
3 Environmental protection for sanitation engineering
A The location of garbage collection site should be easy for villagers to access it
B It should be not impacts from odor on nearby residents (if any) and contents within garbage collection site should be cleaned out in time.
C The selection of site location should be reasonable with necessary protection measurements.
4.2.10 Risk assessment
This main purpose of project is to provide drinking water for rural areas and improve local sanitation conditions among villages involved in this project. In each project block, the engineering scale is limited with simple task and these activities are distributed in different villages and areas within a project block. It can conclude that no significant environmental risk is presented in this project. It may bring few minor environmental risks related to water supply engineering in this project including
1 Quantity of source water In case of extremely dry climate conditions, it may be insufficient water quantity or other users consumption. As a result, it may be possible that no sufficient water supply is available for the project users
2 Water quality at sources and supply process such as serious water pollutions at water sources, toxic substances added by people, and flow-back of contaminated water from end-users causing the contamination of whole networks.
3 Dam safety: collapse of dams
24 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation The main report of environmental assessment addresses potential risks mentioned- above in relation to the type of water supply. It shows that:
1 In case of extremely dry climate condition, it is possible that no available water can be channeled from rivers. It should consider temporary stand-by water sources to cope with such emergency situation.
2 It is possible to add some toxics by people in all types of water supply but it is likely happened before water enters a pressured pipe system. For deep wells, it can be prevented by designing a enclosure system and sealing well head with cement/house. For other types of water supply, it should be effective to enforce monitoring and find such accidents as early as possible and response early to reduce damages. It may be more important for PMO to prepare emergency response plan for such scenario and immediately mobilize such program in case of such thing happens to minimize damages from such event.
3 Water flowing back from end users to pipe to cause water contamination within pipe system is possible but it can prevented via a.) To keep positive pressure inside pipe, b.) To install valve to prevent such flowing back, c.) To educate villagers to disconnect their own water container with tap in time.
4 Three reservoirs involved in this project are operational ones and inspected by government regularly such as in 2001 and 2002. The conclusions from these inspections are “dam is safe with normal operation”. It is possible for dam collapse but the likelihood for these three dams is extremely low. Emergency response plan is available for these three dams. In case of abnormal situation, this emergency response plan will be mobilized to avoid collapse of dam and its damages (more details are available in a separate dam safety report.
5. Public consultation and information disclosure
There are two phases of public consultation and information disclosure in this project i.e. planning and implementation phases.
5.1 Project planning phase
1 public consultation
To understand the opinions of locals to this project and comments on designed water supply, modification of toilets, and garbage collection sites, workshops and visits were undertaken by two teams in four project counties/districts in November 2005 and March 2006 respectively. With the assistance of county PMO, environmental consultants held workshops with locals and visited local family. The participants for these workshops are mainly from agriculture, forestry, environmental protection, public health, water resources sector and education. The visited locals are mainly
25 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation villagers including few local doctors and teachers. All relevant key information for these consultations is listed in table 5.1-1 and table 5.1-2.
Table 5.1-1 Key information on consultation in project area (blocks)
Project Yintai district Yaozhou District Bing county Zhidan county county Date 15 March 2006 14 March 2006 13 March 2006 13 March 2006 Meeting conference room within Xiangshan Hotel Binzhou Hotel Zhidan hotel Venue Yintai in Yaozhou in Bin county meeting room governmental building Number of 13 9 9 10 Participants
Table 5.1-2 Key information on local visits
Project Zhidan Yintai district Yaozhou District Bing county county county date 13 March 2006 15 March 2006 14 March 2006 14 March 2006 Project Yahe Wan, mingyu Zhaoshi Wa, Xiyuan,Chenlu Potouzheng Baocun block Chi Yaochi Tou Wang Zuizi Number of participant 10 10 9 16 s
In a workshop, it is normally started with an introduction by PMO staff for briefing all participants about project contents, components, construction cost, water management, water price for water supply, compensation for green plants and then environmental consultants will introduce environmental assessment and concerned issues. After these information sharing process, an open discussion will be undertaken among all participates. For visits, it is a normal practice to introduce essential information to interviewers by environmental consultants and then villagers provide feedbacks on these issues.
Environmental consultancy team has forwarded the comments and suggestions of locals from consultation process to project feasibility study team such as selection of garbage collection sites, modification of toilets. These comments and suggestions were considered in later feasibility study and preliminary design. In addition, the suggestions on environmental measurements are also considered in this report. The comments from locals include:
A management model for water supply, price range of water, how to collect water fee and maintenance of facilities during operation phase.
26 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation B how to collect garbage, selection of garbage collection and disposal sites.
C the modification of toilets should be suitable with local actual situation
2 Information disclosure
Even this project is still in planning phase, all relevant information of project have been disclosed to the public via TV programs, governmental websites, and notices. It was confirmed during villagers visits that locals have essential knowledge about the project. Local PMOs will continue to share the project progress with the public via different ways mentioned-above.
After environmental assessment (final draft) of the project is completed, it will be published by county governmental websites and disclosed the environmental assessment progress via TV program. It will inform audiences that such information is available on governmental website and comments are welcomed as well as contact information.
5.2 Project implementation phase
1 public consultation
Following aspects will be consulted with the public during implementation phase: A) project implementation plan, draft for comments; B) project management model C) water price
In implementation of project, each county PMO will prepare their own implementation plan which will include the date to construction, investment and laboring, alignment of pipes, land type used by project and compensation. All these items will be discussed with locals and finalize/improve it.
In project implementation, county PMO will organize locals to discuss management model of water supply, seek opinions from locals on how to manage these project that will help locals to manage and supervise this project.
County PMO will also organize people within project block to discuss water price issues.
2 Information disclosure
After environmental assessment report is completed, it will be published via county governmental websites and inform audiences via TV that such information is available on governmental website and comments are welcomed especially for further environmental assessment for remaining 80% project. Such information will be forwarded to environmental consultants.
27 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Each county PMO will disclose main contents of project implementation plan via website and notice board when it is completed.
6 Environmental Management Plan
6.1 Note for this environmental management plan
Part C of environmental assessment for phase I project (20%) is environmental management plan that was developed according to the requirements of World Bank (OP4.01-Environmental Assessment) and Chinese relevant laws and regulations. The purpose of this environmental management plan is to ensure environment measurements can be implemented in project execution and operation. It is expected to maximize environmental benefits and minimize negative impacts via implementing this environmental management plan.
6.2 Summary of environmental issues and mitigation measurements from environmental assessment process
In the main report of environmental assessment, there are 10 environmental issues identified and mitigations proposed accordingly. All mitigations are summarized in this section of environmental management plan.
6.3 Summary of environmental monitoring
Among mitigations mentioned-above, a series of environmental monitoring are included. To help PMOs to manage such issues, a summary table is presented in table 6.3-1.
28 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table6.3-1Summary of environmental monitoring plan
Environmental issues Supervision and monitoring plan Action party PMO undertakes regular inspection at sites for implementation of environmental Provincial PMO Environmental sensitivity measurements County PMO Collect annual statistics of available water quantity and actual quantity supplied in each project county and analyze the assurance degree of water supply Environmental Water quantity assurance Sample data of actual water consumption in villager households per year and monitoring units analyze the assurance degree of water demand. For details, refer to table 2.2-1 and 2.2-2 in part C of main report PMO contract qualified institute to undertake regular water quality monitoring for water Environmental sources, export water from tap water plant and water at terminals of pipe networks. Water quality assurance monitoring units Related water quality management measures Health and hygiene For details, refer to table 2.3-1 and 2.3-2 in part C of main report sections invite dam safety expert to inspect reservoirs involved in this project before and after Dam safety flooding season or specific inspection. An annual summary report will be presented Dam safety expert to World Bank. Public health Provincial PMO undertake annual survey on public health among project blocks. Public health experts county PMO assigns qualified project/engineering supervisors to have on-site Environmental impacts from supervision to supervise and manage construction contractors in following “ Engineering supervisors construction environmental protection requirements in construction Project sustainability No detail monitoring plan / assurance Alternatives No detail monitoring plan / Environmental impacts from Provincial PMO conducts an annual survey on progress of sanitation and its Public health expert/ sanitation works effectiveness. provincial PMO Environmental risk No detail monitoring plan /
29 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 6.4 Environmental management organization
An environmental management system will be established with the center at provincial PMO to be responsible for the implementation of project environmental management plan.
1 An environmental management unit under provincial PMO will be set up to work on the details in implementation of this environmental management plan in phase I project (20%) and environmental management works for remaining 80% project:
2 A staff in county/district PMO will be assigned for environmental management works in its own project areas within the county/district.
3 Provincial PMO will employ environmental consultants to provide technical supports in environmental management works in this project implementation. Experienced environmental assessment expert will be employed by provincial PMO for reviewing the environmental assessment report for remaining 80% project.
4 Provincial and county PMOs will assign environmental monitoring units to undertake environmental monitoring works in this project.
5 An environmental protection person in each project village will be assigned for managing, supervising the construction and operation of water supply and sanitation facilities within the village.
30 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation The organization for environmental management in this project is presented in figure 6.4-1.
Figure 6.4-1 Project environmental management system
Provincial PMO World Bank
Environmental management unit of provincial PMO Environmental expert
, Environmental staff in county PMO
Construction site/project village/impact areas
Engineering supervisors Environmental person in village Environmental monitoring
6.5 Technical supports and environmental management training
Provincial PMO will organize environmental experts to provide technical supports and advice as required according to the status of project implementation.
Based on the experiences in environmental management training in similar projects, two kinds of training are proposed as training for environmental staff in provincial and county PMOs and training for environmental person at villages. In addition, a series of health promotion/training program included in this project will be organized by provincial and county PMOs which is not included in project environmental management plan.
6.6 Summary of environmental management works
Environmental management tasks are summarized in table 6.6-1
31 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Table 6.6-1 Summary of environmental management tasks
Implementation No. Items Environmental management works Action party Budget assurance period • supervise/inspect on the compliance with relevant regulatory requirements on protection zones of Allocate it under Environmental reservoir water resources during the construction Project construction engineering cost 1 County PMO sensitivity phase/operational phase and operational phases and environmental • regular site inspection on implementation of management fee. environmental measurements • Collect annual statistics on available water quantity and actual water supply quantity in each project block for water quantity assurance analysis Environmental Allocate it under Water quantity • Sampling study on actual water consumption in monitoring unit engineering cost 2 Operational phase assurance villager household to analyze how sufficiency of in each project and environmental water demand county management fee. Details is available from part C of main report (table 2.2-1 2.2-2) • contract qualified institute to undertake regular water quality monitoring for water sources, export Allocate it under water from tap water plant and water at terminals of Environmental Water quality engineering cost 3 pipe networks. Operational phase monitoring assurance and environmental • Related water quality management measures units management fee. For details, refer to table 2.3-1 and 2.3-2 in part C of main report • invite dam safety expert to inspect reservoirs involved in this project before and after flooding Project construction Provincial 4 Dam safety Environmental fee season or specific inspection. An annual summary and operational phases PMO report will be presented to World Bank.
32 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
· Provincial PMO prepares “environmental protection Contractor include requirements on construction activities” and such cost in the formally issue it. construction · Each county/district PMO will integrate contract fee environmental requirements into construction Engineering contract and require construction contractor to Provincial supervisor fees are commit to follow it. Environmental PMO included in project ·county PMO assigns qualified project/engineering 5 impacts from Construction phase Engineering supervision supervisors to have on-site supervision to supervise construction supervisors Provincial/county and manage construction contractors in following “ PMO need to list environmental protection requirements in environmental construction. protection fee in ·Provincial and city PMO will assign delegates the project /experts to conduct site inspection on compliance management with “environmental requirements on construction budget. activities” Provincial Include it in PMO and construction fee Construction and provincial CDC 6 Public health · conduct annual public health survey in project areas and environmental operation phases and health management monitoring budget units • prepare implementation rules in project Allocate it into Project management to clearly assign management roles and Provincial and project 7 sustainability Operational phase responsibility, management procedures, and county PMOs management assurance management protocols budget 8 Alternatives No detail management tasks / / / Environmental Allocate it into impacts from Provincial PMO conducts an annual survey on Construction and Provincial environmental 9 sanitation progress of sanitation and its effectiveness. operation phases PMO management engineering budget
33 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
Allocate it into Environmental Construction and Provincial project 10 • prepare emergency response plan risk operation phases PMO management budget · training for environmental staff working at Allocate it into Environmental provincial and county/district PMO Provincial and 11 Construction phase environmental training · training for environmental person working at county PMO management fee villages ·employ experienced environmental assessment Construction phase expert working on (reviewing) environmental Allocate it into Environmental Provincial 12 assessment report for remaining 80% project. environmental consultancy PMO ·employ environmental experts working on management fee environmental protection works in project. · An annual environmental management report will Construction phase Environmental Allocate it into be prepared by county PMO Provincial and 13 management environmental · An annual overall environmental management county PMO report management fee report will be prepared by provincial PMO Environmental Allocate it into · All hard copies and electronic copies of Construction and Provincial and 14 document environmental environmental documents will be kept. operation phases county PMO management management fee
34 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation 6.7 Environmental management reporting
1 Annual environmental management report will be prepared by county PMO environmental staff and then submitted to provincial PMO
2 Environmental monitoring report will be prepared by environmental monitoring units and submitted to provincial PMO and county PMO
3 Environmental consultancy report will be prepared by environmental consultant and submitted to provincial PMO
4) Annual environmental management report will be prepared by provincial PMO and submitted to world Bank no later than 15th March of next year.
6.8 Environmental management cost and budget assurance
All environmental training/monitoring/consultancy costs are estimated in table 6.8-1. The total amount is 1.23 million RMB. This budget has been listed in the total budget of the Project.
Table 6.8-1 Summary of environmental management cost
No. Item Cost (10,000 RMB) 1 Environmental expenses in each PMO 20 2 Environmental consultancy 10 3 Environmental training 17 5 Environmental monitoring 50 6 Miscellaneous 16 7 Total 123
7. Environmental Policy Framework for Remaining 80% Project
This project will be implemented in two phases: phase I – 20% and phase II-80%. The phase I project (20%) includes Zhidan county, Yintai district, Taozhou district and Bing county. The phase II project (remaining 80%) includes 11 counties (districts) in Yulin city, Yanan city, Weinan city, Xianyang city and Baoji city.
7.1 Brief introduction to remaining 80% project
1 Components of project
The scope of remaining project is completely same as phase I (20%) including safe drinking water engineering (water supply engineering), sanitation engineering and health education.
2 Engineering contents
35 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Same as phase I project, there are two components in phase II project i.e. water supply engineering and sanitation engineering.
7.2 Environmental baselines and impact prediction in remaining 80% project
1 Environmental baselines in remaining 80% project areas
The remaining 80% project areas are close to phase I (20%) project area with similar landscape, landform, hydrological conditions, geological conditions, weather and climates, animal and plant resources, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure.
The study area of environmental baseline in remaining 80% project area is similarly determined as phase I (20%) project area. Based on current available information, all project areas are rural areas with relatively high density of residents with a long history of human activities. Similar to the project areas in phase I implementation. These areas are of low environmental sensitivity without rare or dangerous species of wildlife and plants. It is rare to observe wild species of animals.
2 Impact prediction in remaining 80% project area.
As a similar environmental baselines and engineering scales, environmental impacts from remaining 80% are similar to those predicted in phase I project (20%). It can be concluded that no significant environmental impacts will be presented in phase II project (80%).
In remaining 80% project, the activities is of characteristics of distributed sites, small engineering scales, short-time construction period. The environmental impacts are acceptable provided appropriate environmental measurements is in place.
7.3 Environmental assessment framework for remaining 80% project
1 Basis of environmental assessment for remaining 80% project
A Chinese relevant laws, regulations, guidelines of environmental assessment and environmental standards;
B World Bank OP4.01 –environmental assessment;
C Minutes of World Bank for this project and guidance documents for environmental assessment
2 Management offices
An environmental management office will be established in provincial PMO to manage environmental management works including implementation of environmental management plan for phase I project (20%) and undertaking of
36 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation environmental assessment and implementation of environmental management plan for phase II project (remaining 80%).
Environmental management office will invite experienced environmental expert to review environmental assessment of phase II project. The qualification of this expert will be reviewed and satisfied by World Bank.
3 Environmental consultancy
PMO has assigned the environmental consultant - Shaanxi Environmental Institute for Environmental Sciences Research and Design - which prepared this report to prepare an environmental assessment report for remaining 80% project.
4 Requirements on environmental assessment
Requirements of environmental assessment for remaining 80% project will be developed based on works done for environmental assessment of phase I –20% project.
A to work with project planning and design institute on the selection of options in projects. The project options should consider the contents in environmental checklist that is presented in table 6.3.4-1 in main report.
B to work with design institute on how to design an environmental friendly facility in remaining 80% project and integrate lessons learnt in the designs for phase I (20% project).
C Identification of environmental items
The identification of environmental items for water supply in remaining 80% project will be conducted via using a matrix used in phase I project (20%). This matrix is presented in table 6.3.4-2 below.
37 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation Table 6.3.4-2 Matrix for identification of environmental items in water supply
Water Water Water from Environmental Water from from deep existing water items from river reservoir well plant Environmental ** *** * * sensitivity Water quantity * ** * * assurance Water quality ** ** * * assurance Dam safety * No No No Public health * * * * Environmental impacts from * ** * * construction ecology * ** * * soil and water * ** * * loss * * * * water, noise, air emission * ** * * solid wastes * * * * others Land-use * * * * Sustainability assurance * * * * policy assurance * * * * water supply * * * * management Resettlement No No No no Alternatives * ** * * Environmental risk * * * *
*=related, minor **=related, relatively significant ***=related, significant
4 public consultation and information disclosure
The process of public consultation and information disclosure in remaining 80% project will be same as phase I project (20%) i.e. project planning phase and project implementation. Details and contents are similar to what experienced in phase I project (20%).
5 Preparation and implementation of environmental management plan
Referring to phase I project (20%), each county PMO will prepare and implement environmental management plan in remaining 80% project. The main contents of
38 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation environmental management plan include environmental measurements, implementation organization, environmental training, supervision and inspection and budget allocation.
6 environmental assessment report
According to the requirements of Shaanxi provincial environmental protection bureau (EPB), an environmental impact form (EIF) will be prepared for each project county. There are 11 EIFs will be prepared for remaining 80% project. These environmental documents should be prepared referring to this report.
7 Domestic review/approval of environmental assessment
A Domestic review/approval
Environmental documents in remaining 80% project will be reviewed and approved by Shaanxi provincial environmental protection bureau.
B Review by environmental management office of PMO
PMO will employ experienced environmental assessment expert to review environmental assessment for remaining 80% project to ensure these environmental assessments are qualified to World Bank OP4.01-environmental assessment and minutes of World Bank missions and scope report for environmental assessment for this project.
8 Schedule for environmental assessments
Environmental assessments for remaining 80% project will be initiated very soon after this report for 20% project is completed. It is planned to complete it by the end of January 2007.
7.4 Reporting to World Bank
A separate report prepared by Shaanxi PMO will be submitted to World Bank after PMO reviews environmental assessments for remaining 80% project. In this separate report, the preparation and review of these environmental assessments, major conclusions, and following-up activities will be summarized.
39 Environmental Impact Assessment Report Shaanxi Rural Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project by Using World Bank Loan and DFID Donation
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