Issue 70 Year BOISEBOISE JaialdiJaialdi ’05’05 EstatuEstatu batuetakobatuetako euskaldunakeuskaldunak BasqueBasque pridepride TABLE OF CONTENTS CURRENT EVENTS: Jaialdi’05 Issue 70 Year 3 • Opening letter Mary Gaztambide. President of NABO 4 • Amerikanuak. A glimpse of Basque presence in the USA BOISE Rock Springs hosts Jaialdi ’05 8 • the NABO convention Estatu batuetako euskaldunak Basque pride 10 • BOISE. JAILADI’05 12 • The Basque Studies Program at Boise State University gets under way 14 • Interview with Joseba Zulaika. Director of the Basque Studies Program, Issue 70 Year 2005 Universityof Nevada 16 • Lagun Onari Award to State of Idaho Laiak Awards AUTHOR 17 • Eusko Jaurlaritza-Kanpo Harremanetarako Idazkaritza 18 • Solemn mass held at the cathedral Nagusia The new Basque Government-General 19 • Secretariat for Foreign Action Euskadi C/ Navarra, 2 20 • The Basque Block 01007 VITORIA-GASTEIZ Telephone: 945 01 7900 22 • Jaialdi ’05, Basque pride in pictures [email protected] 24 • Jaialdi 2005: international DIRECTOR meeting place Josu Legarreta Bilbao 29 • Interview with Dave Eiguren. Chairman, Jaialdi '05 Organizing COORDINATION AND EDITORIAL Committee OFFICE A. Zugasti (Kazeta5 Komunikazioa) PHOTOGRAPHS • Gaztemundu’05 Jon Bernárdez 30 A. Zugasti Archive photographs: New York Volume. Urazandi. CUISINE EDITOR 31 • Pedro Subijana. Restaurante Akelarre. Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Tenderloin of Veal on a Bed of Mustard Greens Zerbitzu Nagusia Basque Government Central Publication Service LAYOUT AND DESIGN O. Pagola (Didart) PRINTING Xxxxxxxxxxx ISSN: 1579-4210 Aurkezpena Opening letter MARY GAZTAMBIDE President of NABO aving been reelected this year,in addition to Basques President of NABO (the from other countries such as North American Basque Mexico, Puerto Rico, Canada, HOrganizations) in 2005, Argentina and Australia. I can proudly say that this year we are witnessing a renaissance The outward implications of of Basque culture in the United Basque pride include a States. There are a number of proliferation of Basque reasons behind this new trend. programs and presence in new areas. Examples include Back in January of an agreement signed by this year a seminar Boise State University and was held for the first The Basque movement Basque Government time in Boise, Idaho, authorities during their aimed at training in the United States visit to create a Basque teachers for the Boga Studies Program in Idaho, online Euskara today and the Lagun Onari language program. Award bestowed on the We must not forget Governor of Idaho. the fact that Euskara is the most The second event, based around the important aspect in terms of religious feast day of Saint Ignatius Lastly, I would like to say that we cultural heritage for those of us of Loyola, took place in Boise: must not let ourselves get drunk who reside outside the Basque Jaialdi 2005, the international with the success of these important Country. Concepts of Euskara Basque cultural festival held every events, but instead continue to have been passed down from five years in Idaho's capital. This work daily on the little things, each generation to generation in the year's Jaialdi brought in crowds like of us in our own area of expertise United States more so than in never before (according to some and from our own local clubs. We other countries. We can even go so accounts,35,000 including all of the are in the process of weaving a far as to say that Euskara is alive different scheduled activities). stronger fabric and we want to in the United States. However, all make the most of the support of the efforts made here are still The presence of the official Basque provided by Basque institutions. not enough if we fail to exploit the Government delegation, headed by Therefore, I would like to wrap up opportunities offered by new Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe this letter by inviting the technologies. and Minister for Culture Miren Lehendakari to make good on his Azkarate—who also took part in the Boise promise and visit the other Two cultural events of the highest NABO convention—helped raise the significant Basque communities in order took place this past July. The profile of the event, which was the North American West: Reno first was the annual NABO followed closely by Basque press as and San Francisco. San Francisco Convention, hosted this year for the well as a number of local media for its creative youth initiatives, first time in Rock Springs, outfits throughout the western and Reno for the University of Wyoming. The Alkartasuna Basque United States. Nevada Center for Basque Studies, Club took on the major task of with its academic and research organizing the event, which also We can see that Basque culture in the projects aimed at promoting included a delightful tribute to the United States is being discovered by Basque culture and understanding Basque sheepherders who once a growing number of people in around the globe. Participation on earned their livelihood in the state Euskal Herria. Figures show that all levels adds to the cultural but now live in other parts of the around one thousand Basques from richness of being Basque in the American West. Euskadi came to the Boise festivities United States. Eskerrik asko. Issue 70 Year 2005 3 A GLIMPSE OF BASQUE PRESENCE IN THE USA Amerikanuak [PHOTOGRAPHS: NEW YORK VOLUME. URAZANDI] he Basque community in the United States is one Urrearen atzetik joan ziren of the largest of the diaspora, its heaviest Ipar Amerikara lehenengo populations located in several states in the American West (Idaho, Nevada, California, euskaldunak eta ehun urte T Wyoming), as well as New York City. In total figures, baino gehiago California has the greatest number of Basque-Americans, pasa ondoren, and in proportion to the rest of the population the State of oraindik ere Idaho accounts for the most inhabitants of Basque origin. euskarak eta Primarily the product of late nineteenth and early twentieth century immigrations, the Basque-Americans quickly euskal kulturak integrated into North American society. However, they bizirik dirau stayed connected to their roots and, although somewhat Estatu Batuetako feeble, the Basque language is still spoken to this day. mendebaldean. Egun, Kalifornia In search of California's gold da euskaldun kopuru Basque immigration to the U.S. rose sharply in the second handiena duena baina Idahon half of the nineteenth century following the discovery of ere garrantzi handia lortu gold in California, thus coinciding with the colonization of dute bertan biztanlegoaren the American West. Gold fever was the driving force behind portzentai esanguratsu bat the first wave of Basque immigration, as people made their way to the Pacific coast via a number of routes: some went izatea lortu baitute. Izan ere, overland to California, while others sailed up the Pacific Idahoko hiriburua den Boise coast from Southern Cone countries such as Chile. hirian dago Euskal Herritik kanpo dagoen ikastola Proof of the importance of the first Basque colony in bakarra. Southern California was seen by the fact that the first Basque language newspapers to be published anywhere in the world, "Escualdun Gazeta" and "Californiako Eskual 4 Issue 70 Year 2005 A GLIMPSE OF BASQUE PRESENCE IN THE USA Herria," came out in Los Angeles, California, in the 1880s century history of the United States; many of the sons of and 90s. Both newspapers produced quality journalism and the first Basque immigrants voluntarily enlisted to fight in included a substantial amount of advertising within their World War II, and Euskara was one of the encrypted pages.The style of language used demonstrated a crisp, languages used by the U.S. forces to transmit secret fluent and expressive use of Euskara, still perfectly readable messages during the war.The generations of Basque- 120 years later. Americans began to make a name for themselves in North American society, taking on positions of responsibility in a The immigrants from the first wave, and throughout the number of different activities of public life and business. twentieth century, were from both Ipar and Hego Euskal Some examples include the Laxalt brothers, Pete Herria (mainly Bizkaia and Navarra), intermixing from Cenarrusa, Mr.and Mrs. Ben Ysursa, the Bieter family and early on as they arrived at the same destinations. After the a long list of others. gold fever, the Basque people who had come to the American West eventually settled in the states of California, The immigration trend remained active and open for the Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Oregon and Wyoming. first seventy years of the twentieth century, even when U.S. authorities put the immigration quota system into force. At the end of the nineteenth century immigration was Although the belt was tightened on immigration, the specific primarily a temporary phenomenon, with Basques eventually work and area of specialization of the Basque people made returning to their homeland. However,soon Basques began it possible for young Basque sheepherders to continue to settle in rangeland areas of the Western states to work settling in the American West.The United States civilian as sheepherders. It should be pointed out that immigrants administration acknowledges the origins of the Basque included both men and women, thus promoting the creation people and recognizes the Basques as one of the ethnic of a Basque community in the United States.The areas in groups that helped build the nation. which they settled—the inland western states were very sparsely populated at the time—and the type of work they Today, the Basque-Americans, amerikanuak, immigrants did—sheepherding, hotel and shopkeeping—made it easier and their descendents make up a solid, stable community to create tight-knit communities.The children of the original which has successfully integrated into U.S. society while settlers easily integrated into American society while adhering to their own cultural roots.