DOCSLIB.ORG

Arab League Issue: the Issue of Sudan and South Sudan Student Officer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arab League Issue: the Issue of Sudan and South Sudan Student Officer Committee: Arab League Issue: The Issue of Sudan and South Sudan Student Officer: Farida Soliman (Arab League President), Malak Wahdan (Arab League Chair) I. Introduction The issue of Sudan and South Sudan is an issue with many aspects, which makes the conflict difficult to solve. The region has been filled with conflict soon after the birth of the new state, South Sudan, and after the split occurred, with disputes and conflicts arising from both the North and the South of Sudan. Following the creation of the new independent state of South Sudan in 2011 tension between the two states increased due to the new territorial disputes arising from the Darfur region, the Abyei region, Heglig, Kafia Kingi and more. Even though in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement a provisional border was outlined and several other issues were cleared up, the region continues to experience instability on a political, social, and economic level with violence breaking out as the conflict drags on. This conflict has not only negatively affected relations between Sudan and South Sudan, it has also affected the civilians in the region as well as the economy of both Sudan and South Sudan with more damage being made in South Sudan due to the heavy dependence on oil revenue, poor infrastructure, as well as the fact that it is a newly created state without a powerful economic foundation. Furthermore the repercussions of the conflict and the effect of the conflict on civilian life has been catastrophic with South Sudan experiencing what is considered the “worst” famine in the world today. In addition to the fact that the conflict which started more than a decade ago has led to a massive increase of IDP’s , refugees, and asylum seekers. II. Key Vocabulary Arbitration: “A legally binding method of resolving disputes outside the courts with only limited opportunity to appeal the result...International arbitration addresses any case or potential dispute between parties, usually located in two different countries.”1 Asylum: “The protection granted by a state to someone who has left their home country as a political refugee.”2 1 "International Arbitration." Practice Area -. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. <http://www.chambers- associate.com/Articles/PracticeArea/382>. 2"Define Asylum." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/asylum>. 1 Buffer Zone: “A neutral zone or area between two potentially hostile nations, designed to prevent any overt acts of aggression.”3 IDPs: “An internally displaced person (IDP) is a person who has been forced to flee his or her home for the same reason as a refugee, but remains in his or her own country and has not crossed an international border. Unlike refugees, IDPs are not protected by international law or eligible to receive many types of aid.”4 Referendum: “A general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.”5 Sovereignty: “A country’s independent authority and the right to govern itself.”6 III- Involved Countries and Organizations China One of the most important foreign influences in the Sudanese region would be the People’s Republic of China, China has been involved in the Sudanese region long before the split of Sudan and South Sudan. The Chinese government has economic interests in the region as well as military ties with the Sudanese government. Over the past few years of the conflict ties between China and Sudan have been mostly regarding the oil in the region as well as the transfer of arms from the Chinese government to the Sudanese government in order to fuel and maintain the conflict between Sudan and South Sudan. “China's need for oil reserves for its growing domestic economy has caused its government to pursue investments in many countries of marginal stability and democracy, but its greatest oil success abroad has been in Sudan”. 7China’s investments in Sudan had started by 1996 as it invested in GNPOC, and by then it was already an arms dealer to numerous Sudanese governments, such as the Nimeiri government. However when the civil war in Sudan escalated in 1990 China’s relations increased with China supplying Sudan with arms, and Sudan supplying China with oil in return. “Weapons deliveries from China to Sudan since 1995 have included ammunition, tanks, helicopters, and fighter aircraft. The SPLA in 1997 overran government garrison towns in the south, and in one town alone, Yei, a Human Rights Watch researcher saw eight Chinese 122 mm towed howitzers, five Chinese-made T-59 tanks, and one Chinese 37 mm anti-aircraft gun abandoned by the government army.” 3 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/buffer+zone 4 http://www.unrefugees.org/site/c.lfIQKSOwFqG/b.4950731/k.A894/What_is_a_refugee.htm 5https://www.google.com.eg/search?q=define+referendum&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en- US:official&client=firefox-a&channel=fflb&gfe_rd=cr&ei=XpLfU8mVN6qI8QfVxYHYDQ 6 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sovereignty 7 http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sudan1103/26.htm 2 United States of America Much like China, the United States’ interests in the region are heavily dependent on oil. In addition the USA also provides the Sudanese government with military support. However the USA also exerted efforts in maintaining peace and stability in the region by strongly supporting the Peacekeeping Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) as well as sending military and medical support to aid the UNMIS. Furthermore the USA is now seen as a mediator between the two nations by supporting peaceful and democratic negotiations, UN missions and agreements, as well as the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees “The main groups of people of concern to UNHCR in Sudan are refugees from Eritrea and Ethiopia, who have sought asylum for the last 40 years due to human rights abuse or forced conscription in their countries of origin; Sudanese internally displaced people (IDPs) who moved inside Sudan to escape fighting in Darfur and in the Protocol Areas; and South Sudanese individuals who are at risk of statelessness.”8 “The main groups of people of concern planned for in 2014 under the South Sudan operation are: refugees from the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia and Sudan, people at risk of becoming stateless, as well as IDPs and returnees. Some 210,000 refugees have fled the conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states in Sudan since 2011. South Sudan provides asylum to 13,600 refugees from the DRC, 6,000 from Ethiopia and 1,600 from the CAR. Pending the implementation of the "Four Freedoms" agreement (a 2012 agreement between Sudan and South Sudan which allows citizens to enjoy freedom of movement, residence, freedom to undertake economic activity and to acquire and dispose of property), the risk of becoming stateless remains high for individuals of mixed Sudanese-South Sudanese origin or belonging to border ethnic groups, as well as for those with long residence in Sudan or other countries.”9 African Union One of the fundamental aims of the African Union (AU) is to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its members. As such, it has closely attentive of the Sudan/ South Sudan conflict, and has undergone multiple efforts aimed at mitigating the situation. “A Commission of Inquiry has been appointed to investigate human rights violations and other abuses committed during the armed conflict that broke out in South Sudan in mid-December 2013.”10 8 http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e483b76.html 9 http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4e43cb466.html 10 http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/south-sudan-commission-of-inquiry-established-and-members-appointed 3 Sudan People’s Liberation Movement One of the main parties involved in the Second Sudanese Civil War, which was ended after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed by the SPLM, SPLA (army) and Sudanese Government. Afterwards, the SPLM formed a majority of the semi- autonomous Southern Sudanese Government. When South Sudan became an independent state on the 9th of July, 2011, SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. Consequent to the ongoing South Sudanese Civil War, the SPLM factionalized further into the SPLM- Juba and SPLM-IO. United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei “The Security Council responded to the urgent situation in Sudan’s Abyei region by establishing the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA). The Security Council was deeply concerned by the violence, escalating tensions and population displacement. The operation has been tasked with monitoring the flashpoint border between north and south and facilitating the delivery of humanitarian aid, and is authorized to use force in protecting civilians and humanitarian workers in Abyei.”11 United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan “In 2011, the Security Council determined that the situation faced by South Sudan continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region and established the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) to consolidate peace and security and to help establish conditions for development. Following the crisis which broke out in South Sudan in December 2013, the Security Council reinforced UNMISS and reprioritized its mandate towards the protection of civilians, human rights monitoring, and support for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and for the implementation of the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement.”12 United Nations Mission in the Sudan “The Security Council decided to establish the United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) to support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army on 9 January 2005; and to perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, and protection and promotion of human rights.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Worldliness of South Sudan: Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Zachary Mondesire 2018 © Copyright by Zachary Mondesire 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Worldliness of South Sudan: Space, Home and Racial Meaning Making in Post Independence Juba By Zachary Mondesire Master of Art in Anthropology University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Hannah C. Appel, Chair The world’s newest state, South Sudan, became independent in July 2011. In 2013, after the outbreak of the still-ongoing South Sudanese civil war, the UNHCR declared a refugee crisis and continues to document the displacement of millions of South Sudanese citizens. In 2016, Crazy Fox, a popular South Sudanese musician, released a song entitled “Ana Gaid/I am staying.” His song compels us to pay attention to those in South Sudan who have chosen to stay, or to return and still other African regionals from neighboring countries to arrive. The goal of this thesis is to explore the “Crown Lodge,” a hotel in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan, as one such site of arrival, return, and staying put. Paying ethnographic attention to site enables us to think through forms of spatial belonging in and around the hotel that attached racial meaning to national origin and regional identity. ii The thesis of Zachary C. P. Mondesire is approved. Jemima Pierre Aomar Boum Hannah C. Appel, Committee Chair University
    [Show full text]
  • The Full Policy Paper Is Available for Download
    Table of Contents About the Authors ................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 1. US Foreign Policy and Atrocity Prevention .......................................................................... 11 Chapter 2. Atrocity Prevention Policy Tools and Policy Advances from 2012 to 2016 ......................... 33 Chapter 3. Country Cases ..................................................................................................................... 44 Burundi .............................................................................................................................................. 44 Central African Republic .................................................................................................................... 55 Democratic Republic of the Congo .................................................................................................... 64 Iraq ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • POLITICAL ECONOMY of REGIONAL INTEGRATION in AFRICA INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY on DEVELOPMENT (IGAD) Bruce Byiers
    THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA INTERGOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY ON DEVELOPMENT (IGAD) Bruce Byiers The political economy of regional integration in Africa Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Report Bruce Byiers January 2016 IGAD Study http://ecdpm.org/peria/igad MEMBER COUNTRIES: 8 Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Sudan South Sudan Uganda IGAD Member States IGAD Study http://ecdpm.org/peria/igad Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ ii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Why this study? .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Why a political economy analysis? ............................................................................................ 2 1.3. Methodology of the study ........................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Scope and structure of the IGAD study
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Sudan How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence
    The Case of Sudan How the West Lost, and China Gained Influence Peter Bang, Copenhagen Business School Date: 02.03.2015 Master of Science in International Business and Politics Supervisor: Anna Leander Number of Pages: 79 STU Count: 175,036 Table of Content List of figures .................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5 Current Literature ........................................................................................................................... 6 Research Question .......................................................................................................................... 8 Thesis Outline ................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: International Relations and the English School ...................................................... 10 The English School ........................................................................................................................ 10 International
    [Show full text]
  • Red Lines: Upheaval and Containment in the Horn of Africa
    Red Lines: Upheaval and Containment in the Horn of Africa This is the final part in a series of three analysis features covering unrest in Sudan. The first in the series — Riders on the Storm — explored the dynamics and agendas which resulted in the Juba Peace ​ Agreement. The second — Danse Macabre — examined the origins of the uprising in Sudan and its ​ trajectory following the coup of April 2019. This final analysis situates Sudan’s current upheaval in the context of the Horn of Africa, and extends the scope of analysis to encompass conflict in Ethiopia and the region. Introduction Since 2018, the Horn of Africa has made headlines for a series of dramatic developments. Following years of protests in the restive Oromia region, a power transition took place in Ethiopia in April 2018.In December of that year, anti-government demonstrations began. This culminated in a coup in April 2019 which was greenlit by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Gallopin, 2020). A dubious peace deal was reached in South Sudan in September of 2018 at the ​ ​ insistence of Sudan and Uganda, months after Saudi Arabia and the UAE brokered a peace agreement in Ethiopia and Eritrea in July (see Woldemariam, 2018; Watson, 2019). ​ ​ ​ ​ Events in the Horn have not proceeded entirely smoothly since these changes, despite initial optimism that a more pluralistic form of politics led by civilians would take root in Sudan and Ethiopia. Sudan’s military and paramilitary forces have cast an increasingly long shadow over the supposed transition underway in the country, while growing tensions between Ethiopia’s new administration and its former rulers — the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) — led to fears of civil war, as disorder spread to several parts of the country (see International Crisis Group, ​ 2020a).
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Igad in South Sudan
    UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ROLE OF AFRICAN UNION IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND SECURITY IN AFRICA: A CASE STUDY OF IGAD IN SOUTH SUDAN BY THURANIRA CAROLEAN KARIMI A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DECEMBER 2019 i DECLARATION This research project has not been presented to any other University and is my original work. Signature: ____________________________ Date: _________________________ Thuranira Carolean Karimi R50/7925/2017 Supervisor This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University of Nairobi Supervisor. Signature: ____________________________ Date: _________________________ Prof. Maria Nzomo University of Nairobi College of Humanities and Social Sciences Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies ii DEDICATION Many thanks to my parents Peter & Sabina, children; Tania, Curtis & Kyle and husband Frank for their unwavering love and support. This study is dedicated directly to each one of them for the sacrifices made for me to achieve this important academic milestone. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I give thanks to God for the gift of life, grace and abundant blessings. To my Supervisor, Prof. Maria Nzomo for giving me guidance and mentorship in carrying out this study. It was a great honor. iv OFFICIAL MAP OF IGAD MEMBER STATES1 1 Strategic Intelligence Service. 2018. https://intelligencebriefs.com/. v DEFINITION OF TERMS Collective Security – refers to states sharing a general agreement on sharing common objectives of balancing existing power and aggregating their combined military strength against any threats to peace. Conflict – is a disagreement between people with different needs, thoughts, opinions, values or goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Resilience in the Lord's Resistance Army
    Sources of Resilience in the Lord’s Resistance Army Pamela Faber April 2017 Select a caveat DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. CNA’s Occasional Paper series is published by CNA, but the opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of CNA or the Department of the Navy. Distribution DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. PUBLIC RELEASE. 4/10/2017 Other requests for this document shall be referred to CNA Document Center at [email protected]. Photography Credit: Flag of the Lord’s Resistance Army led by Joseph Kony. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army#/media/File:Flag_of_Lord%27s _Resistance_Army.svg Approved by: April 2017 Dr. Jonathan Schroden, Director Center for Stability and Development Center for Strategic Studies This work was performed under Federal Government Contract No. N00014-16-D-5003. Copyright © 2017 CNA Abstract The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), led by Ugandan national Joseph Kony, has survived for over three decades despite a concerted effort to defeat it. The LRA was formed in the late 1980s in response to the historic marginalization of the Acholi people, inequitable treatment by the Ugandan government and uneven development across the country. The LRA became a powerfully destructive force in northern Uganda, with thousands of combatants killing over 100,000 people. Since 2006, the group has been largely degraded to less than 150 core combatants, and is currently in survival mode on the borders of the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and South Sudan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuer White Army in South Sudan's Civil
    41 Popular Struggles and Elite Co-optation: The Nuer White Army in South Sudan’s Civil War By John Young Copyright Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva 2016 First published in July 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organi- zation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Maison de la Paix, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Series editor: Emile LeBrun Copy-edited by Alex Potter ([email protected]) Proofread by Donald Strachan ([email protected]) Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Rick Jones ([email protected]) Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland ISBN 978-2-940548-27-9 2 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 41 Contents About the Small Arms Survey .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Human Security Baseline Assessment .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Conditions Affecting the Outcome of Peace Operations in Post-Cold War Africa" (2019)
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2019 Conditions Affecting the Outcome of Peace Operations in Post- Cold War Africa Aaron Kyle Smith University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Military, War, and Peace Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Aaron Kyle, "Conditions Affecting the Outcome of Peace Operations in Post-Cold War Africa" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1621. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1621 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OF PEACE OPERATIONS IN POST-COLD WAR AFRICA __________ The Faculty of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________ by Aaron K. Smith June 2019 Advisor: Dr. Karen Feste © Copyright by Aaron K. Smith 2019 All Rights Reserved Author: Aaron K. Smith Title: CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OUTCOME OF PEACE OPERATIONS IN POST-COLD WAR AFRICA Advisor: Dr. Karen Feste Degree Date: June 2019 Abstract What factors have led to successful outcomes in international peace operations conducted in Sub Saharan African countries? What factors explain mission failure? I proposed a basic theory of peace operations that linked conflict conditions to mandate design to the capability of an intervening force deployed for mission implementation developed from arguments and empirical results of previous research.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict Trends (No
    CONFLICT TRENDS (NO. 33) REAL-TIME ANALYSIS OF AFRICAN POLITICAL VIOLENCE, JANUARY 2015 Welcome to the January issue of the Armed Conflict Loca- rates in Egypt, Al Shabaab activity in Kenya, Boko Haram tion & Event Data Project’s (ACLED) Conflict Trends report. violence in North-East Nigeria, escalating factional conflict Each month, ACLED researchers gather, analyse and pub- in Libya, service delivery protests in South Africa, govern- lish data on political violence in Africa in realtime. Weekly ment and rebel clashes in South Sudan, geographically- updates to realtime conflict event data are published concentrated violence in Sudan’s Darfur region and a spe- through our research partners at Climate Change and Afri- cial report on Remote Violence and Political Militias in can Political Stability (CCAPS) and also on the ACLED web- 2014. Elsewhere on the continent, conflict levels dropped site. in Mali, Angola and Kenya throughout 2014 with persis- This month, ACLED launched Version 5: a fully revised and tent levels of violence experienced in Algeria, Somalia and updated conflict event dataset containing records of all Niger. political violence in Africa from 1997 through 2014 inclu- In 2014, ACLED recorded 15,513 violent conflict events on sive. This month’s report is an overview of conflict in 2014 the African continent, an increase of 12.9% compared and profiles on-going violence in Central African Republic, with 2013. As many as 20 African states witnessed an in- civilian-directed violence by political and communal mili- crease in violence over the previous year, highlighting that tias in Democratic Republic of Congo, declining protest violent conflict is not limited to a few warring regions on Figure 1: Conflict Increase, Decrease and No Change across Africa from 2013-2014.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Security Council
    UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL 1 LETTER FROM THE DAIS It is our absolute honor and pleasure to receive you Likewise, the three of us in behalf of the amazingly all on the IX edition of the MUN of Universidad del and well-prepared team that backs us up for this Rosario, and consequently, to the United Nations committee, along with Sofía Campos, Egidio Colaianni, Security Council committee itself. We, as members of Gabriela Varela and Juliana Serna, we are thrilled to the committee, have the highest expectations on its hear you discuss the topics that are pretty close to development, and therefore, on you. our attention and our hearts. We want you to be as creative and spontaneous as you possibly can, in the My name is Emilio Camminati Wiese, and I’m an pursuit for solutions for the problematics that threat International Business student at Universidad del us nowadays. We want you to think outside the box, Pacífico. I started participating in MUNs in 2013 when because even though some situations are not affecting I was still in school and since then they became an us directly on our daily basis, that does not mean they integral part of my life. I consider that participating do not exist; be mindful that your voice will position in a MUN is an extremely enriching experience itself for those who have been silent and those who which allows you to develop several skills, ranging cannot speak for themselves. from speaking to negotiating, that are necessary for today’s highly competitive world. Needless to say, as Lastly, as it was previously stated, we want you to feel one of the committee’s Directors and fellow Muner I as comfortable as possible and to enjoy every second hope to see you soon at MUNUR 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Displaced and Immiserated: the Shilluk of Upper Nile in South
    Report September 2019 DISPLACED AND IMMISERATED The Shilluk of Upper Nile in South Sudan’s Civil War, 2014–19 Joshua Craze HSBA DISPLACED AND IMMISERATED The Shilluk of Upper Nile in South Sudan’s Civil War, 2014–19 Joshua Craze HSBA A publication of the Small Arms Survey’s Human Security Baseline Assessment for Sudan and South Sudan project with support from the US Department of State Credits Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, 2019 First published in September 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- tem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Publications Coordinator, Small Arms Survey, at the address below. Small Arms Survey Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Maison de la Paix, Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Series editor: Rebecca Bradshaw Fact-checker: Natacha Cornaz ([email protected]) Copy-editor: Hannah Austin ([email protected]) Proofreader: Stephanie Huitson ([email protected]) Cartography: Jillian Luff, MAPgrafix (www.mapgrafix.com) Design: Rick Jones ([email protected]) Layout: Frank Benno Junghanns ([email protected]) Cover photo: A man walks through the village of Aburoc, South Sudan, as an Ilyushin Il-76 flies over the village during a food drop as part of a joint WFP–UNICEF Rapid Response Mission on 13 May 2017.
    [Show full text]