DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bibliography Bibliography [I] Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation: nry Years in the State Department (New York, 1969). An elegantly written account by Truman's last Secretary of State, who was the chief architect of containment. [2] G.M. Alexander, The Prelude to the Truman Doctrine: British Policy in Greece 1944-1947 (Oxford, 1982). The Truman Doctrine was the first overt expression ofAmerican support for Western security. This book examines the background of Britain's intervention in the Greek civil war. [3] Richard A. Asiano, American Defense Policy from Eisenhower to Kennedy: the Politics of Changing Military Requirements (Ohio, 1975). A comprehensive account ofthe vicissitudes ofAmerican defence policy from Sputnik to the presidential election of John F. Kennedy. [4] Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam (New York, 1965). A 'New Left' historian who believes that the atomic bomb was intended as much to blackmail the Soviet Union into making concessions as to serve as an instrument to defeat Japan. [5] Stephen E. Ambrose, Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy 193~1970 (Baltimore, 1970). A useful textbook by one of the leading historians of the Cold War. [6] Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: the President 1952-1969, vol. II (London, 1984). An account ofEisenhower's internal and foreign policy based on his letters and papers. This is a sympathetic approach to the President's achievements. [7] Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: 1913-1962 (New York, 1982). The first volume of a biography of Richard M. Nixon dealing with his earlier years as US Senator and Vice-President of the USA. It tries hard to be objective and to show that Nixon was not as black as he was painted by his contemporaries. [8] Terry H. Anderson, The United States, Great Britain and the Cold War 1944-1947 (Missouri, 1981). A scholarly account of Anglo­ American relations on the eve of the Cold War. [9] John Baylis, Anglo-American Defence Relations 1939-1980: the 99 Special Relationship (London, 1982). A short but judicious assessment of the 'special relationship' in defence matters. [10] Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History 1929-1969 (New York, 1973). The memoirs of a senior American diplomat who played a leading role in many of the crises affecting the Soviet Union and the United States after 1945. [II] Piers Brendon, Ike: the Life and Times of Dwight D. Eisenhower (London, 1987). A recent critical biography of Eisenhower. [12] Symon Brown, The Faces of Power: Constancy and Change in US Foreign Policy from Truman to Reagan (Revised: New York, 1983). [13] Alan Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary 194!r1951 (London, 1983). This excellent biography is essential reading if the Labour government's foreign policy is to be correctly understood. Bevin successfully gambled on an American commitment to European defence. [14] Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy 1932-1945. (New York, 1979). An outstanding favourable account of Roosevelt's foreign policy. [15] A.W. De Porte, Europe between the Superpowers: the Enduring Balance (London, 1979). A stimulating analysis ofthe European States system and its post-1945 role between the Soviet Union and the United States. [16] Robert A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II (New York, 1969). A rather critical discussion of Roosevelt's handling of foreign affairs. [17] Robert A. Divine, Blowing on the Wind: the Nuclear Test Ban Debate 1954-1960 (New York, 1981). A sophisticated analysis of the long and unsuccessful discussions on a test ban treaty in the 1950s in the face of the increasing danger from nuclear fall-out. [18] Robert A. Divine, Eisenhower and the Cold War (Oxford, 1981). The development of the Cold War in the 1950s. [19] Herbert Feis, From Trust to Terror: the Onset of the Cold War, 194!r46 (New York, 1957). [20] Herbert Feis, Between War and Peace: the Potsdam Conference (Princeton, 1960). [21] Herbert Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin: the War they Waged and the Peace they Sought (Princeton, 1957). Although overtaken in many respects by subsequent research, these orthodox and standard accounts of the first years of the Cold War still contain useful information. [22] Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution ofNuclear Strategy (London, 100 1982). Essential reading if the impact of nuclear weapons on strategic thinking and on superpower relations is to be fully understood. [23] Edward Fursdon, The European Defence Communiry: a History (London, 1980). The standard account of this ultimately doomed effort to reconcile West German rearmament with French fears of a renewal of the German threat. [24] John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins oj the Cold War 1941-1947 (New York, 1972). A fascinating account of how American opinion about the Soviet Union changed so dramatically during and after the Second World War. [25] John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies ojContainment: a Critical Appraisal oj Post War American Securiry Policy (Oxford, 1982). A mature analysis of American national security policy to 1976 by a leading historian of the post-Vietnam school of American writers based on archival research and taking as its base George Kennan's influence on the containment debate. [26] Norman A. Graebner, Cold' War Diplomacy: American Foreign Policy 1945--1975 (London, 1977): This interpretation of the Cold-War, by one of the leading moderate revisionist writers, suggests that the root cause of America's dilemma in handling the Cold War has been her historic tendency to universalise her ideals which, after 1947, caused her to take on commitments worldwide which no nation, however strong, could for long sustain. [27] Norman A. Graebner (ed.), The National Securiry: its Theory and Practice 1945--1960 (Oxford, 1986). A useful collection of essays by younger American historians on how the Truman and Eisenhower administrations dealt with the pressures and problems of the Cold War. [28] Albert Grosser, The Western Alliance: European-American Relations since 1945 (London, 1980). A discussion of European percep­ tions of their relationship with the United States after the Second World War. [29] Louis Halle, The Cold War as History (New York, 1967). A revisionist critique of the origins of the Cold War, suggesting that the United States over-reacted to what were often defensive Soviet moves after 1945. [30] Fraser J. Harbutt, The Iron Curtain: Churchill, America and the Origins oj the Cold War (London, 1987). A detailed analysis of Churchill's role in converting American public opinion from a detached pro-Soviet view of international affairs to one of full-blown support for Britain and her overseas interests. 101 Interesting, but not entirely convincing. [31] Max Hastings, The Korean War (London, 1987). The military aspects of the Korean War. [32] Gregg Herken, The Winning Weapon: the Atomic Bomb in the Cold War 194f:r50 (New York, 1982). [33] Townsend Hoopes, The Devil and John Foster Dulles (Boston, 1973). A hard hitting critique of the foreign policy of Dulles. [34] Timothy P. Ireland, Creating the Entangling Alliance: the Origins of NATO (London, 1981). The United States hoped that her contribution to NATO would be psychological encouragement to the Europeans and that her military assistance would enable them to stand on their own feet and not depend too much on American troops. [35] William K. Kaufmann, The McNamara Strategy (New York, 1971). A somewhat-rosy and one-sided account ofMcNamara's policy as Secretary of Defense. [36] George F. Kennan, Memoirs 192f:r1950 (Boston, 1967) and Memoirs 1950-1963 (Boston, 1972). Kennan's role in United States diplomacy during the turbulent years after 1945 when relations with the Soviet Union reached their lowest ebb. [37] Robert F. Kennedy, Thirteen Years: a Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (New York, 1965). Robert Kennedy, President Kennedy's brother, was Attorney General during the Cuban Missile Crisis and this is his personal account of how it was handled. [38] Henry A. Kissinger, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy (New York, 1957). A contribution to the critique of Eisenhower's 'Massive Retaliation' Doctrine by the historian who sub­ sequently became President Nixon's Secretary of State. [39] Douglas Kinnard, President Eisenhower and Strategy Management: a Study in Defense Politics (Lexington, 1977). [40] Joyce and Gabriel Kolko, The Limits of Power: the World and United States Foreign Policy 194f:r1954 (New York, 1972). A 'New Left' interpretation of the Cold War which blames American economic imperialism for the post-1945 events. [41] B.R. Kuniholm, The Origins of the Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict in Iran, Turkey and Greece (Princeton, 1980). Case studies of specific areas in the Near East in which the Cold War originated, based on research in American archives. [42] Waiter, La Feber, America, Russia and the Cold War 194f:r1980 (New York, 1980). A sound standard textbook. [43] Carl A. Linden, Khrushchev and the Soviet Leadership 1957-1964 (Maryland, 1966). An interesting account of Khrushchev's 102 internal and external struggles from Sputnik to his fall from power. [44] Calum Macdonald, Korea: the War bifore Vietnam (London, 1986). A recent and balanced interpretation of the political and diplomatic background to the Korean War. [45] Michael Mandelbaum, The Nuclear Rvolution: International Politics bifore and after Hiroshima (New York, 1981). [46] Michael Mandelbaum, The Nuclear Question: the United States and Nuclear Weapons (New York, 1979). The impact of the atomic bomb on international relations and on American foreign policy during the Cold War. [47] Vojech Mastny, Russia's Road to the Cold War: Diplomacy, Warfare and the Politics of Communism 1941-45 (New York,1979). Stalin's search for absolute security both inside and outside the Soviet Union inevitably resulted, the author claims, in a clash with the West after the Second World War. [48] William McCagg, Stalin Embattled: 1943-1948 (Detroit, 1978).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Was the Cold War Necessary? the Revisionist Challenge to Consensus History Norman M
    was the cold war necessary? the revisionist challenge to consensus history norman m. wilensky Nearly ten years ago, seventy-five distinguished students of American history participated in a poll measuring the performance of thirty-one presidents from George Washington to Dwight Eisenhower. Each par­ ticipant in the poll helped to place the presidents into five general categories: "Great/' "Near Great," "Average," "Below Average," and "Failure." One of the surprise rankings was the "Near Great" mark accorded to Harry Truman, ninth on the list. Only the five "Great" presidents—Lincoln, Washington, Franklin Roosevelt, Wilson and Jeffer­ son—and three "Near Great" executives—Jackson, Theodore Roosevelt and Polk—preceded Truman. John Adams and Grover Cleveland, who immediately followed Truman, completed the "Near Great" group. What qualities and achievements elevated Truman above many other presidents? He was, according to these historians, a strong executive who acted masterfully and farsightedly in foreign affairs. Summarizing the poll for his fellow historians, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. noted that Tru­ man "discharged impressively the awesome obligations devolving on the United States as the leader of the free world in the cold war with Soviet Imperialism." The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin airlift, the Point Four program and the intervention in Korea "all con­ stituted landmarks in an assumption of global responsibilities undreamed of only a few years before." Yet, less than a decade after the poll, this estimate is being dramatically challenged by historians of the cold war.1 A recent book sharply critical of cold war policies as well as Truman's role is Rexford G.
    [Show full text]
  • Racing the Enemy Roundtable, Alperovitz on Hasegawa -1
    H-Diplo Roundtable- Racing the Enemy Roundtable , Alperovitz on Hasegawa Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005) Roundtable Editor: Thomas Maddux , CSU Northridge Roundtable Participants: Michael D. Gordin, Gar Alperovitz, Richard Frank, Barton Bernstein, David Holloway Commentary by Gar Alperovitz, University of Maryland, College Park Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s new book Racing the Enemy is subtitled “Stalin, Truman and the Surrender of Japan,” and the author clearly believes a central contribution to be the emphasis he gives to the concept of a “race” between Truman and Stalin as World War II in the Pacific drew to a close. Hasegawa does offer important new insights in connection with this issue, much of which will be of particular interest to specialists (especially information drawn from Soviet materials). However, by far the most important contribution of the book has to do with our understanding of a related but different matter-namely, how, precisely, Japan came to surrender, and what the critical factors were which led to the final decision. Non-specialists are not always aware of the difficulties which have faced historians concerned with this question. For almost half a century after World War II American scholars have been seriously handicapped by their lack of Japanese language skills and by the paucity of Japanese documents. Robert Butow’s 1954 book Japan’s Decision to Surrender was the primary and often only source of basic information on Japanese decision-making. In recent years this has begun to change. Herbert Bix, a researcher with language sophistication and knowledge of modern Japanese scholarship, offered his analysis in his 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning Hirohito .
    [Show full text]
  • NATO Expansion: Benefits and Consequences
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2001 NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences Jeffrey William Christiansen The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Christiansen, Jeffrey William, "NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences" (2001). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8802. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8802 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ■rr - Maween and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of M ontana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission X No, I do not grant permission ________ Author's Signature; Date:__ ^ ^ 0 / Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. MSThe»i9\M«r«f»eld Library Permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NATO EXPANSION: BENEFITS AND CONSEQUENCES by Jeffrey William Christiansen B.A. University of Montana, 2000 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 2001 Approved by: hairpers Dean, Graduate School 7 - 24- 0 ^ Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War
    SOSHUM Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora [Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities] Volume 9, Number 2, 2019 p-ISSN. 2088-2262 e-ISSN. 2580-5622 ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/ A New Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Adewunmi J. Falode 1 and Moses J. Yakubu 2 1 Department of History & International Studies, Lagos State University, Nigeria 2 Department of History & International Studies, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria Lasu, Ojo Campus Ojo Local Government, 102101, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ History Articles The Cold War that occurred between 1945 and 1991 was both an Received: international political and historical event. As an international political event, Jan 2019 the Cold War laid bare the fissures, animosities, mistrusts, misconceptions Accepted: June 2019 and the high-stakes brinksmanship that has been part of the international Published: political system since the birth of the modern nation-state in 1648. As a July 2019 historical event, the Cold War and its end marked an important epoch in ________________ human social, economic and political development. The beginning of the Keywords: Cold War marked the introduction of a new form of social and political Cold War, Historiography, experiment in human relations with the international arena as its laboratory. Structuralist School, Its end signalled the end of a potent social and political force that is still Revisionist School, st Orthodox School shaping the course of the political relations among states in the 21 century. ____________________ The historiography of the Cold War has been shrouded in controversy.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B.
    [Show full text]
  • If You Don't Like Capitalism & You Don't Like Socialism... What Do You Want?
    Gar AlperovitzALPEROVITZ AND DUBB: IF YOU DON’T LIKE CAPITALISM, AND YOU DON’T LIKE SOCIALISM, WHAT DO YOU WANT? and Steve Dubb If you don’t like capitalism & you don’t like socialism... what do you want? THE POSSIBILITY OF A PLURALIST COMMONWEALTH AND A COMMUNITY-SUSTAINING ECONOMY It is increasingly obvious that the United For the most part, serious scholars and ac- States faces systemic problems. When protestors tivists have addressed the possibility of progres- occupy Wall Street and Ben Bernacke, the Chair- sive change in capitalist systems from one of two man of the Federal Reserve, not only responds to perspectives: The “reform” tradition assumes that the protestors, but actually casts the actions of the corporate institutions remain central to the design protestors in a favorable light, it is clear these are and structure of the system and that “politics” in not ordinary times: Testifying to the Joint Economic support of various “policies” (e.g. taxation, spend- Committee of Congress, Bernanke observed that ing, incentives, regulation) will contain, modify and [OLWYV[LZ[VYZ¸ISHTL^P[OZVTLQ\Z[PÄJH[PVU[OL WYVISLTZPU[OLÄUHUJPHSZLJ[VYMVYNL[[PUN\ZPU[V This paper has been prepared by the Democracy Col- [OPZTLZZHUK[OL`»YLKPZZH[PZÄLK^P[O[OLWVSPJ` laborative at the invitation of the organizing committee response here in Washington. And at some level, I for the American Sociological Association’s 2012 annual meeting. The meeting’s theme is “Real Utopias”: can’t blame them.”1 Income and wealth disparities have become The goal is to elaborate utopian ideals that are severe and corrosive of democratic possibilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Items-In-American Association for the United Nations, 11 November 1963
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page Date 15/05/2006 Time 10:05:32 AM S-0885-0001-08-00001 Expanded Number S-0885-0001 -08-00001 Title items-in-American Association for the United Nations, 11 November 1963 Date Created 11/11/1963 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0885-0001: Operational Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: Speeches, Messages, Statements, and Addresses - not issued as press releases Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit CR.13 (4-59) ROUTING SLIP Comments for the record should not be written on this slip. REFERRAL SHEET PT.108 should be used instead. TO: : APPROVAL >*? VOUR INFORMATION MAY WE CONFER? AS REQUESTED YOUR SIGNATURE FOR ACTION NOTE AND FILE REPLY FOR MY SIGNATURE NOTE AND RETURN PREPARE DRAFT YOUR COMMENTS ATTACH RELATED PAPERS CHINESE NEWS SERVICE An 1270 Sixth Avenue ft ^formation Agency Telephone: Circle 6-5240 New York 20, N. Y. of the Republic of China Cable Address: SINONEWS This material is fried with the Department of Justice, where the required registration statement of Chinese News Service under 56 Stat. 248-258 as an agency of the Government of the Republic of China is available for inspection. Registration does not indicate approval or disapproval of this material by the United States Government. p 01 a A FOR IM-ffiDIATE_RELEASE November 15, 1963 Taipei (Chinese News Service) — Commenting on U.N. Secretary-General U Thant's recent remarks on the Chinese Communists, Patrick Pichi Sun, spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China,
    [Show full text]
  • America's Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan Joseph H
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2007 America's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan Joseph H. Paulin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Paulin, Joseph H., "America's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan" (2007). LSU Master's Theses. 3079. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3079 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AMERICA’S DECISION TO DROP THE ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Arts in The Inter-Departmental Program in Liberal Arts By Joseph H. Paulin B.A., Kent State University, 1994 May 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………...………………...…….iii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………...………………….1 CHAPTER 2. JAPANESE RESISTANCE………………………………..…………...…5 CHAPTER 3. AMERICA’S OPTIONS IN DEFEATING THE JAPANESE EMPIRE...18 CHAPTER 4. THE DEBATE……………………………………………………………38 CHAPTER 5. THE DECISION………………………………………………………….49 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………..64 REFERENCES.………………………………………………………………………….68 VITA……………………………………………………………………………………..70 ii ABSTRACT During the time President Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan, the United States was preparing to invade the Japanese homeland. The brutality and the suicidal defenses of the Japanese military had shown American planners that there was plenty of fight left in a supposedly defeated enemy.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting COLD WAR Origins
    1. What is the Baruch Plan? 2. What was the Bolshoi Speech (1946)? 3. When was the Berlin Wall started? 4. When is the first ICBM? 5. First Nuclear (fission) bomb? Source: http://www.usachcs.army.mil/history/brief/ColdWarCompos.jpg Lee W. Eysturlid, Ph.D., NBCT “The Cold War was “Our students are the greatest single already beginning force affecting to raise the American society question of what during the decade the Cold War was and a half after all about in the World War II” first place. Gary Nash John L Gaddis What happened? Why were there sides? Why were certain states on certain sides? A “Cold War” clear by 1950? “Growth of Tensions” (US – USSR) Iranian Crisis of 1946 Baruch Plan for the IAEA Berlin Airlift Formation of North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) What do you use? How Historians get there… SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT • Orthodox/Traditional • Revisionism • Post-Revisionism Significance? Soviet expansionism Stalin broke Yalta and Potsdam promises Imposed Soviet- dominated regimes in Eastern Europe Stalin’s “Two World” speech at Bolshoi Others? Source: http://clapso.wordpress.com/ Harry S. Truman U.S. Reaction: • Long Telegram • Truman Doctrine • Containment Policy • Marshall Plan Source: http://www.tomroeser.com/blog/img/f23854/harry-truman-picture.jpg/ William Appleman Williams U. of W - Madison Late 1960s-70s Reaction to Vietnam Economic factors as drivers. Walter LaFeber, US emphasis on economic expansion and capitalism AND search for foreign markets. Corporatism Gar Alperovitz, American revisionist Soviets hopelessly unable to wage Source: http:// www.motherjones.com war with U.S. after WW II. U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Plaza: the Exchange Rate Stabilization Attempts of 1925, 1933, 1936 and 1971
    Working Paper Before the Plaza: The Exchange Rate Stabilization Attempts of 1925, 1933, 1936 and 1971 Barry Eichengreen, Ph.D. George C. Pardee and Helen N. Pardee Professor of Economics and Political Science, University of California, Berkeley © 2015 by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University This material may be quoted or reproduced without prior permission, provided appropriate credit is given to the author and the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. Wherever feasible, papers are reviewed by outside experts before they are released. However, the research and views expressed in this paper are those of the individual researcher(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy. This paper is a work in progress and has not been submitted for editorial review. 1. Introduction The Plaza Accord is controversial.1 One the one hand it is hailed as “perhaps the high- water mark of international economic co-operation over the past 40 years” (in the words of Beattie 2010). On the other it is impugned as having had little effect on currency values, as heightening instability rather than reducing it (by causing the dollar to overshoot in the opposite direction), and even as having been indirectly responsible for the Japanese crisis and lost decade (as recounted if not exactly endorsed in IMF 2011). Exchange rate stabilization negotiations and agreements are always controversial. They are economically complex and politically fraught, since rhetoric is easy to offer while commitments are difficult to keep. They tap into deep-seated beliefs about whether markets produce desirable equilibria and, if not, whether intervention can improve observed outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • 301 MAKALE 01 Kilinc.Qxd
    Keeping the Door Open at Lausanne Conference: The U.S. Open Door Policy in the Near East during 1920’s Aykut K›l›nç University of New Hampshire ÖZET Birinci Dünya Savafl›’ ndan sonra Amerika Birleflik Devletleri Ortado¤u’da Aç›k Kap› politikas› uygulad›. Türk kurtulufl mücadelesi veren liderler de bu politikan›n beklenmedik savunucusu oldular. 1922 ve 1923 y›llar›nda Lozan Konferans› sürerken Ankara Hükûmeti Amerika’l› Chester grubuna Mu- sul ve cevresindeki yeralt› kaynaklar›n› doksan-dokuz y›l kullanma imtiyaz›n› verdi. Bu sayede Anka- ra Hükûmeti Musul üzerinde egemenlik hakk› kurma amac›n› güttü. Buna karfl›l›k olarak da Amerikan Hükûmeti oluflmakta olan yeni Türkiye’nin tam ba¤›ms›zl›k talebini Lozan Konferans›’ nda destekle- di. Yeni Türk hükümeti Amerika’n›n Ac›k Kap› politikas›n› Avrupa emperyalizminden daha hazmedi- lebilir buldu. Bu yüzden Amerika’n›n Ortado¤u Aç›k Kap› politikas› bölgede zor kullanarak de¤il, tam tersine Avrupa emperyalizminden çekinen Ankara Hükûmeti’nin iste¤i ve deste¤iyle uyguland›. Anka- ra Hükûmeti tam siyasal ba¤›ms›zl›k kazanmak u¤runa Amerika’ya ekonomik imtiyaz vermeye gönül- lüydü. ANAHTAR KEL‹MELER Lozan Konferans›, Amerika Birleflik Devletleri, Chester ‹mtiyaz›, Ortado¤u, Aç›k Kap› politikas›, Musul ABSTRACT The United States vigorously promoted an Open Door policy in the Near East in the aftermath of World War I. The Turkish nationalists who were fighting for independence became an unlikely ally of this policy. During the Lausanne Conference in 1922 and 1923 the nationalist government in Ankara granted the Chester concessions which permitted the United States to exploit the mineral resources in and around Mosul.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL ISSUE the Collapse of the Soviet Union
    IntroductionKramer SPECIAL ISSUE The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Part 2) Introduction Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/5/4/3/700378/152039703322483747.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 ✣ The four articles in this special issue look at some of the major in- ternal and external factors that helped precipitate the breakup of the Soviet Union. These articles should be read in conjunction with the four that ap- peared in our ªrst special issue on the collapse of the USSR, published in Vol- ume 5, No. 1 (Winter 2003). Our ªnal special issue on this topic, to be pub- lished in Volume 6, No. 3 (Summer 2004), will deal with domestic political and economic trends that destabilized the Soviet regime and contributed to the demise of the Soviet state. The Social Context The ªrst article in the current issue, by Walter Connor, discusses the social context of the dramatic events in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. In the 1960s a number of Western scholars, inºuenced by the burgeoning lit- erature on “modernization,” argued that long-term changes in Soviet soci- ety—increased literacy and education levels, industrialization, increased ur- banization, greater occupational differentiation, generational change, the advent of modern communications, and other such trends—were mitigating the Soviet regime’s ability to exercise tight political and economic control.1 Al- 1. See, for example, the essays collected in Zbigniew Brzezinski, ed., Dilemmas of Change in Soviet Pol- itics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969). A related theme is developed by Richard Lowenthal, “Development versus Utopia in Communist Policy,” in Chalmers Johnson, ed., Change in Communist Systems (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1970), pp.
    [Show full text]