Was the Cold War Necessary? the Revisionist Challenge to Consensus History Norman M
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A Revisionist History of Regulatory Capture WILLIAM J
This chapter will appear in: Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest . Influence and How to Limit it. Edited by Daniel Carpenter and David Moss. Copyright © 2013 The Tobin Project. Reproduced with the permission of Cambridge University Press. Please note that the final chapter from the Cambridge University Press volume may differ slightly from this text. A Revisionist History of Regulatory Capture WILLIAM J. NOVAK A Revisionist History of Regulatory Capture WILLIAM J. NOVAK PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF LAW The idea of regulatory capture has controlled discussions of economic regulation and regulatory reform for more than two generations. Originating soon after World War II, the so-called “capture thesis” was an early harbinger of the more general critique of the American regulatory state that dominated the closing decades of the 20th century. The political ramifications of that broad critique of government continue to be felt today both in the resilient influence of neoliberal policies like deregulation and privatization as well as in the rise of more virulent and populist forms of anti-statism. Indeed, the capture thesis has so pervaded recent assessments of regulation that it has assumed something of the status of a ground norm – a taken-for-granted term of art and an all-purpose social-scientific explanation – that itself frequently escapes critical scrutiny or serious scholarly interrogation. This essay attempts to challenge this state of affairs by taking a critical look at the emergence of regulatory capture theory from the perspective of history. After introducing a brief account of the diverse intellectual roots of the capture idea, this essay makes three interpretive moves. -
The Wars of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and America’S Rise to Power
The Wars of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and America’s Rise to Power VOLKER DEPKAT Explanations for the United States’ rise to power in the eighteenth and nine- teenth centuries are manifold.1 Some draw on the unique geographical circum- stances that endowed the country with abundant natural resources and pro- tected it from foreign threats by two oceans serving as effective natural barriers. Complementing this favorable geographical situation was the fact that the United States did not have a powerful neighbor. The combination of geography and geostrategy allowed the United States to expand over the continent and gradually develop into a great power.2 A second grand narrative of American foreign policy sees the liberal and democratic values of the »American Creed«3 as the ideological driving force behind America’s rise to power. According to this interpretation, America’s foreign policy was thoroughly idealistic from its inception. The United States was an essentially peaceful country with strong anti-colonial and anti-imperi- alist traditions and became involved in foreign affairs only to promote demo- cratic and liberal values on behalf of mankind. A sense of mission designed to build the »Empire of Liberty« merged with a notion of the United States as a »Beacon of Liberty.« In its pursuit of foreign policy, the United States aimed at reforming the world by creating an international environment supportive of natural rights, liberalism, and democracy.4 1 Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson, eds., Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations (2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004); Walter LaFeber, The Amer- ican Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad since 1750 (2nd ed., New York: Norton, 1994); Michael J. -
Racing the Enemy Roundtable, Alperovitz on Hasegawa -1
H-Diplo Roundtable- Racing the Enemy Roundtable , Alperovitz on Hasegawa Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005) Roundtable Editor: Thomas Maddux , CSU Northridge Roundtable Participants: Michael D. Gordin, Gar Alperovitz, Richard Frank, Barton Bernstein, David Holloway Commentary by Gar Alperovitz, University of Maryland, College Park Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s new book Racing the Enemy is subtitled “Stalin, Truman and the Surrender of Japan,” and the author clearly believes a central contribution to be the emphasis he gives to the concept of a “race” between Truman and Stalin as World War II in the Pacific drew to a close. Hasegawa does offer important new insights in connection with this issue, much of which will be of particular interest to specialists (especially information drawn from Soviet materials). However, by far the most important contribution of the book has to do with our understanding of a related but different matter-namely, how, precisely, Japan came to surrender, and what the critical factors were which led to the final decision. Non-specialists are not always aware of the difficulties which have faced historians concerned with this question. For almost half a century after World War II American scholars have been seriously handicapped by their lack of Japanese language skills and by the paucity of Japanese documents. Robert Butow’s 1954 book Japan’s Decision to Surrender was the primary and often only source of basic information on Japanese decision-making. In recent years this has begun to change. Herbert Bix, a researcher with language sophistication and knowledge of modern Japanese scholarship, offered his analysis in his 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning Hirohito . -
NATO Expansion: Benefits and Consequences
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2001 NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences Jeffrey William Christiansen The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Christiansen, Jeffrey William, "NATO expansion: Benefits and consequences" (2001). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 8802. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/8802 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ■rr - Maween and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of M ontana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission X No, I do not grant permission ________ Author's Signature; Date:__ ^ ^ 0 / Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. MSThe»i9\M«r«f»eld Library Permission Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NATO EXPANSION: BENEFITS AND CONSEQUENCES by Jeffrey William Christiansen B.A. University of Montana, 2000 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana 2001 Approved by: hairpers Dean, Graduate School 7 - 24- 0 ^ Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
A New Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War
SOSHUM Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora [Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities] Volume 9, Number 2, 2019 p-ISSN. 2088-2262 e-ISSN. 2580-5622 ojs.pnb.ac.id/index.php/SOSHUM/ A New Historiography of the Origins of the Cold War Adewunmi J. Falode 1 and Moses J. Yakubu 2 1 Department of History & International Studies, Lagos State University, Nigeria 2 Department of History & International Studies, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria Lasu, Ojo Campus Ojo Local Government, 102101, Lagos, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ History Articles The Cold War that occurred between 1945 and 1991 was both an Received: international political and historical event. As an international political event, Jan 2019 the Cold War laid bare the fissures, animosities, mistrusts, misconceptions Accepted: June 2019 and the high-stakes brinksmanship that has been part of the international Published: political system since the birth of the modern nation-state in 1648. As a July 2019 historical event, the Cold War and its end marked an important epoch in ________________ human social, economic and political development. The beginning of the Keywords: Cold War marked the introduction of a new form of social and political Cold War, Historiography, experiment in human relations with the international arena as its laboratory. Structuralist School, Its end signalled the end of a potent social and political force that is still Revisionist School, st Orthodox School shaping the course of the political relations among states in the 21 century. ____________________ The historiography of the Cold War has been shrouded in controversy. -
PS 471/571 American Foreign Policy I Prof. Frank Wayman
P.S. 471/571 American Foreign Policy I Prof. Frank Wayman Fall Term 2010, TTh 11:30-12:45 PM Office: 2164 SSB 1195 SSB Bldg. 593-5226, or 593-5096 for messages e-mail: [email protected] Office Hrs: TTh 12:50-1:45, 5:50-6:10 URL: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~fwayman [100810] COURSE CONTENT: This course is the first semester of a survey of American foreign policy. The first semester provides a general overview, with some brief attention on events even up to the present, but with primary attention on the earlier period, i.e., pre-1990. This means a concern with (1) the Western Hemisphere, and (2) the relationship among the major powers, especially the Western major powers, such as France and Britain, and the two major powers in the communist and post-communist world, namely China and Russia. This syllabus represents a full description of PS 471, but those taking graduate credit (PS 571) will need to meet with me personally about the further requirements for taking the course for graduate credit. Basically, graduate students will be responsible for the work in this syllabus, plus a substantial research paper focusing on U.S. interventions, wars, and militarized inter-state disputes. For graduate credit, 25% of the course grade will be based on each exam, and 25% will be based on the paper. Term papers are due Dec. 5th. The Content of Our Course : Topics in PS 471/571 include the emergence of the U.S. as a great power (including the role of Teddy Roosevelt in the era of the Spanish American war); U.S. -
Bibliography
Bibliography [I] Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation: nry Years in the State Department (New York, 1969). An elegantly written account by Truman's last Secretary of State, who was the chief architect of containment. [2] G.M. Alexander, The Prelude to the Truman Doctrine: British Policy in Greece 1944-1947 (Oxford, 1982). The Truman Doctrine was the first overt expression ofAmerican support for Western security. This book examines the background of Britain's intervention in the Greek civil war. [3] Richard A. Asiano, American Defense Policy from Eisenhower to Kennedy: the Politics of Changing Military Requirements (Ohio, 1975). A comprehensive account ofthe vicissitudes ofAmerican defence policy from Sputnik to the presidential election of John F. Kennedy. [4] Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam (New York, 1965). A 'New Left' historian who believes that the atomic bomb was intended as much to blackmail the Soviet Union into making concessions as to serve as an instrument to defeat Japan. [5] Stephen E. Ambrose, Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy 193~1970 (Baltimore, 1970). A useful textbook by one of the leading historians of the Cold War. [6] Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: the President 1952-1969, vol. II (London, 1984). An account ofEisenhower's internal and foreign policy based on his letters and papers. This is a sympathetic approach to the President's achievements. [7] Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: 1913-1962 (New York, 1982). The first volume of a biography of Richard M. Nixon dealing with his earlier years as US Senator and Vice-President of the USA. It tries hard to be objective and to show that Nixon was not as black as he was painted by his contemporaries. -
If You Don't Like Capitalism & You Don't Like Socialism... What Do You Want?
Gar AlperovitzALPEROVITZ AND DUBB: IF YOU DON’T LIKE CAPITALISM, AND YOU DON’T LIKE SOCIALISM, WHAT DO YOU WANT? and Steve Dubb If you don’t like capitalism & you don’t like socialism... what do you want? THE POSSIBILITY OF A PLURALIST COMMONWEALTH AND A COMMUNITY-SUSTAINING ECONOMY It is increasingly obvious that the United For the most part, serious scholars and ac- States faces systemic problems. When protestors tivists have addressed the possibility of progres- occupy Wall Street and Ben Bernacke, the Chair- sive change in capitalist systems from one of two man of the Federal Reserve, not only responds to perspectives: The “reform” tradition assumes that the protestors, but actually casts the actions of the corporate institutions remain central to the design protestors in a favorable light, it is clear these are and structure of the system and that “politics” in not ordinary times: Testifying to the Joint Economic support of various “policies” (e.g. taxation, spend- Committee of Congress, Bernanke observed that ing, incentives, regulation) will contain, modify and [OLWYV[LZ[VYZ¸ISHTL^P[OZVTLQ\Z[PÄJH[PVU[OL WYVISLTZPU[OLÄUHUJPHSZLJ[VYMVYNL[[PUN\ZPU[V This paper has been prepared by the Democracy Col- [OPZTLZZHUK[OL`»YLKPZZH[PZÄLK^P[O[OLWVSPJ` laborative at the invitation of the organizing committee response here in Washington. And at some level, I for the American Sociological Association’s 2012 annual meeting. The meeting’s theme is “Real Utopias”: can’t blame them.”1 Income and wealth disparities have become The goal is to elaborate utopian ideals that are severe and corrosive of democratic possibilities. -
MORE COLD W AR 50 Rather, the System Evolved As a Result Preservation of Good Relations with the of Unilateral Actions Taken by Each of the Soviet Union
FEATURE 3 AIO R E Are we facing a new Cold War? The blusterings and sabre rattlings of the Reagan Administration COLD together with its sinister activities in the Central America would indicate that we are already in one. But what about the WAR Russians? Do they also have their nuclear hawkes and their worst-case theorists? The balance of the world’s forces has substantially altered since the ig50s. The People’s election of Ronald Reagan that the West will let them have the marked the culmination of a concerted world without a fight."1 Nitze and his Republic of China, a wild campaign by those on the extreme Right colleagues believe that mos_t of the card in the world power of American politics to refreeze their world's ailments are attributable to the game, is now a major nation's relations with its principal Soviet Union: "For example, it appears adversary, the Soviet Union, and to probable that the Red Brigades in Italy, nuclear power. The non- return the world to the Cold War the assault on the Mosque in Mecca, and aligned movement has atmosphere of the nineteen forties, fifties the seizure of the American hostages in developed and expanded and sixties. And despite the monumental Iran were supported and perhaps changes which have taken place irf the instigated by agents of the Soviet bloc."2 its influence and the anti world since the Cold War was at its The fact that there is no hard evidence for war movement seems to height, the campaign has met with such allegations is irrelevant,3 for the spectacular, if temporary, success — at a hawks base their case largely on recent be riding the crest of a governmental level at least. -
Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace Gabriel Kolko London: Routledge, 1997
Vietnam: Anatomy of a Peace Gabriel Kolko London: Routledge, 1997 Reviewed by Kenneth J. Hammond Northwest of Ho Chi Minh City, the former Saigon, in Long Anh province lies the district of Cu Chi. Here, during Vietnam's long war against the Americans in the 1960s and early 1970s, a massive system of tunnels was constructed which allowed major forces of the Liberation Army to operate in close proximity to the nerve centre of the American military-sponsored regime. Thousands of soldiers and cadres of the National Liberation Front worked and lived in these tunnels, suffering under harsh jungle conditions, repeated incursions by American and ARVN units, and relentless bombing from unseen 8-52s. In July 1997, I visited Cu Chi and observed two very different legacies from the wartime era. The tunnel complex has been turned into a kind of theme park for tourists, mostly foreigners. The tunnels themselves have been widened to accommodate the girth of Western visitors, and lined with concrete to spare travellers the dirt and dampness of the underground world. A firing range has been set up to allow returning veterans or the merely curious to shoot off bursts of bullets, getting the 'feel' of war, and lending a surreal soundtrack to the scene. Cu Chi was the only place in Vietnam, North or South, where physical signs of the war could stilI be seen - craters from B-52 bombs dot the jungle, looking almost as if they have been preserved to maintain the ambience of battle. The tunnel site is a favourite, almost a mandatory destination for tourists, and the souvenir stands and soda stalls were packed with sweaty Caucasians. -
Theater of Rescue: Cultural Representations of U.S. Evacuation from Vietnam (「救済劇場」:合衆国によるベトナム 撤退の文化表象)
Ayako Sahara Theater of Rescue: Cultural Representations of U.S. Evacuation from Vietnam (「救済劇場」:合衆国によるベトナム 撤退の文化表象) Ayako Sahara* SUMMARY IN JAPANESE: 本論文は、イラク撤退に関して 再び注目を集めたベトナム人「救済」が合衆国の経済的・軍 事的・政治的パワーを維持する役割を果たしてきたと考察し、 ベトナム人救済にまつわる表象言説を批判的に分析する。合 衆国のベトナムからの撤退が、自国と同盟国の扱いをめぐる 「劇場」の役割をいかに果たしたのかを明らかにすることを その主眼としている。ここで「劇場」というのは、撤退が単 一の歴史的出来事であっただけではなく、その出来事を体験 し目撃した人々にとって、歴史と政治が意味をなす舞台とし て機能したことを問うためである。戦争劇場は失敗に終わっ たが、合衆国政府が撤退作戦を通じて、救済劇を立ち上げた ことの意味は大きい。それゆえ、本論文は、従来の救済言説 に立脚せず、撤退にまつわる救済がいかにして立ち上がり、 演じられ、表象されたかを「孤児輸送作戦」、難民輸送と中 央情報局職員フランク・スネップの回想録を取り上げて分析 する。 * 佐原 彩子 Lecturer, Kokushikan University, Tokyo and Dokkyo University, Saitama, Japan. 55 Theater of Rescue: Cultural Representations of U.S. Evacuation from Vietnam It wasn’t until months after the fall of Saigon, and much bloodshed, that America conducted a huge relief effort, airlifting more than 100,000 refugees to safety. Tens of thousands were processed at a military base on Guam, far away from the American mainland. President Bill Clinton used the same base to save the lives of nearly 7,000 Kurds in 1996. But if you mention the Guam Option to anyone in Washington today, you either get a blank stare of historical amnesia or hear that “9/11 changed everything.”1 Recently, with the end of the Iraq War, the memory of the evacuation of Vietnamese refugees at the conclusion of the Vietnam War has reemerged as an exceptional rescue effort. This perception resonates with previous studies that consider the admission of the refugees as “providing safe harbor for the boat people.”2 This rescue narrative has been an integral part of U.S. power, justifying its military and political actions. In response, this paper challenges the perception of the U.S. as rescuing allies. -
Postwar Perceptions of the China Market: a Study of American Businessmen's Attitudes, 1943-1949
POSTWAR PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHINA MAtYKET; A STUDY OF AMERICAN BUSINESS ATTITUDES, 1943-1949 Lawrence Hobert Aronsen B.A. University of British Columbia, 1970 A THESIS SUBMITTED TN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History @ LAWRENCE RORERT ARONSEN 1974 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY July 1974 All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name r Lawrence Robert Aronsen Degree: Master of Arts Title of Th~sisr Postwar Perceptiorsof the China Markett A Study of American Business Attitudes, 1963-1949. Examining Committee: Chairman r E. R. Ingram Ellis - Dr. ~~~~~~~~~~~e Senior Supervisor Dr. Joan Hoff Wilson--- External Examiner Professor, Department of History California Sta,te University, Sacramento Date Approved; eb-b PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its 'own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Author. __f (signature ) Ltw/LmCE Rfl /4ROdjz- (date) ABSTRACT POSTWAR PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHINA MARKET: A STUDY OF AMERICAN BUSINESSMEN'S ATTITUDES, 1943-1949 Americans, like other !lJesterners, have long been attracted to China.