1964 3 of the Southern Pacific Railroad's Coast Route Restricted Expansion

~~2no ~. 35 CALIFORNIA v.43,-rio.3-4 Hi•~ hway s

~~~ ~~~~ ~~ ,'r ~~~ ~~ ~. ,~.~ ter, ~ # ~a ~ ,~~ ~~ a,.,+r~, ~~ ~,;~` ..~'AS.~.a_ ~~ ,n

~y w

.. ~ ~ ".~... ~ ~ t,' ~ ~ ~ ~,.°~ .~ ,Y~'~~ ~~ 3

>, `

i Qt left is photo in recent times of old $an Fernando Pass. Walls are remarkably stable. Once atoll road, charges were $2.50 fora 12-horse team, 25 cents fora horse and rider, i0 cents for miscellaneous arrivals, and 4 cents each for sheep. Above and below are pictures of various traffic problems experienced in negoFiating old Newhall Tunnel, which was only 17%z feet wide and 17 feet high at center. Dark, law, and narrow, it was difficult for trucks— virtually aone-way proposition—and fearsome for passenger cars which sometimes turned out heavily on weekends for wildflower viewing or other recreation.

EVOLUTION OF A PASS According to the Soutl~er~n Califor- The first automobile went over the niq Historical Society Quarterly, the pass in 1902, an "Autocar" driven by first cut was made in the old San Fer- Los Angeles dealer Ralph Hamlin, ac- nando Pass in 1854 to improve a companied by the new owner from wagon road of sorts, and it was cut McKittrick, who had come by train deeper in 1858 for the Butterfield to piclz up his car. The grade was so Stages. It was further deepened in steep gasoline would not flow to the 1862 by General E. F. Beale, owner carburetor and they had to climb in of the huge Rancho Ted on, who re- reverse, both men leaping out and paired the mute and reopened it as chocking the wheels with rocks each a toll road between the San Fernando time the engine stalled. and San Joaquin Valleys. With the In 1904, to lessen the grade, men completion of the railroad in 1870, with picl~s and shovels once more la- wagon traffic fell off rapidly, and the boriously deepened the cut, and the county fell heir to the road in 1883. (Conti~zued on inside back cover) California. H1g hwa Y s a.~d Public Works Off°icia! Journal of the Division of Highways, Departmen# of Public Works, State of California

Vol. 43 March-April Nos. 3-4

CONTENTS

Page Santa Barbara Freeway ______-_ _ _----- 2 By J. M. Sturgeon, District ConsTruction Engineer Morongo Canyon ------7 By C. F. Johnson, Resident Engineer Route Renumbering ------_-_-----___-----___-__-----_---- 11 Illuminated Signs Warn of Fog ______----_ -- 13 District VII Progress ------14 By E. T. Telford, Metropolitan DisTrict Engineer San Diego Will Host June WASNO Meeting ______35 Hofman Renamed to Highway Commission ______35 Joint Meeting ------36 LARTSProgram ------3a By J. W. Shaver, AssistanT DisiricT Engineer GlendaleReport ------42 By StuarT L. Hill, Headquarters Right of Way Agent Bay Bridge Reconstruction ------4~. By E. R. Foley, Chief Engineer BellevueRoad ------54 By Verne L. Davis, Road Commissioner, Merced County FRONT COVER: As the new numbering system for Collier-Unruh California Stote Highways goes into effect, Francis Act ------5~ (Mickey) Johnson (right), Highway Maintenance Man !By C. T. Ledden, City and Coun4y Projects Engineer 111, and Blas Gonzales, Highway Maintenance Man I, Sacramento freeways Model Exhibited in Capitol 59 both from District VII Sign Maintenance Station, raise CriticalPath Method new sign shield on coastal route just south of Point ------60 Mugu in Ventura County. Route, once known as "The By Richard V. Potter, Systems Research Engineer Roosevelt Highway," was previously numbered U.S. Scenic Highway Advisory Committee Holds Meeting 62 Highway 101 Alternate, is now a part of State High- ITTEMeeting way Route 1. See "Route Renumbering;' page I1. ------63 (Photo by PeTer Asano.) 'Tempus Fugit' Corner ------65 BACK COVER: View of Santa Barbara and newly com- NewRoutes ------66 section of 101 angling in pleted freeway U.S. from up- BridgeCosts ------68 per left. Santa Borbara Yacht Harbor in foreground, By Harris K. Mauzy, Senior Bridge Engineer and William J. Yusavage, with city center and State Sireef right center. City Associate Research AnalysT owns virtually entire waterfront, and preserves it as a public park. Dark mass extreme right center is famous Neil Dunham Named Computer System Head ______69 Moreton Bay Fig, largest of its species in U.S. Freeway NewJob Uasses ------70 routing passes just to north of it. See "Santa Barbara -- Freeway" page 2. (Photo by Robert Rose.) Retirements Walter M. Baumgart ------_-_- 67 Edwin F. Levy -_-_____------71 J. W. Coghill 67 Nelson Spicklemire _ 71 Division List 71 InMemoriam ------67

LESTER S. KORITZ, Editor STEWART MITCHELL, Associate Editor JOHN C. ROBINSON, Associate Editor WILLIAM R. CHANEY, Chief Photographer

Editors are invited to use information contained herein and to request prints of any black anc~ white photographs. Address communications fo: EDITOR, CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC WORKS P.O. Box 1499 SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 95807 do a dr and reevva

By J. M. STURGEON, District Construction Engineer

Santa Barbara, is now classed as one of the 11 Since World War II, realignment, DISTRICT kith its Spanish "urbanized areas" in the State. reconstruction, upgrading and im- Vbackground and Santa Barbara has become an educa- provement projects have followed each character, has been tion center with the Goleta Campus other in a steady procession in and regarded as a city of the University of California adja- around Santa Barbara on U.S. 101 to blessed with an cent to its west city limits, Santa Bar- meet ever-changing traffic needs abundance of bara City College inside the city, and caused by the growth and develop- scenic ocean and Westmont College just south of the ment of this area. mountain views, an city in picturesque Montecito. By the fall of 1961, this highway excellent climate, Growth of Industry had been constructed to full freeway and widely accepted as the center of Research centers for a number of or well-developed expressway stand- a resort and retirement area 'that is industries have established themselves ards from the junction of the Ven- among the best California offers. in and around Santa Barbara, as have tura-Santa Barbara county line to the While still considered a resort cen- a number of electronic and space age town of Buellton in the Santa Ynez ter, Santa Barbara, with 64,000 people, industries. Valley, some SO miles north of Santa

This aerial of the Castillo Street undercrossing (near completion) shows the ~ouiing of traffic to the northbound lanes while fhe southbound lane is being finished. It also shows some of the railroad relocation in the curve at the left.

2 California Highways and Public Works v. w~E.= =T ~ L~ LJII I_I L~ L~ ~~~r-I_I L_J~~r~~~ I—J l~ -~~n

nnnnnl~'lnni~inn~~ ~ 6 ;

~ ~I~~~ STA.161+85 ;. vi.nw. This project map from the specifications book shows the routing followed by the freeway through the Ciiy of Santa Barbara. Numbers refer to various structures.

Barbara, except for a very significant Big Traffic Increase brought to completion, bids were 2 %Z -mile stretch running along the In the eight years between 1954 and called for, and on November 9, 1961, west side of downtown Santa Barbara. 1962 peak traffic on this section of work on this $5,000,000 project was There, between the intersection of highway jumped 85 percent, with fig- begun by Gordon H. Ball, Gordon De La Vina and Montecito Streets to ures now indicating better than 39,000 H. Ball, Incorporated, and Talbot D. the southeast and Pueblo Street on vehicles per day. Traffic congestion Bailey, Incorporated, contractors op- the west, traffic was still using a nar- increased to the point that cross traf- erating as a joint venture. row four-lane facility built in 1934. fic, which had also increased consider- The contractors were faced imme- Though some shoulder paving and ably in volume, could no longer be diately with some serious problems of widening have been accomplished handled efficiently even through sig- how to phase their construction work. since to provide four full-traffic lanes, nalized intersections. Delays and haz- The entire alignment to be con- the 40-foot-wide original construction ards increased beyond tolerable limits. structed was complicated by controls was no match for the traffic it had to Freeway design plans that had been and restrictions that were a designer's handle. developed for some time were quickly dilemma. To the south the main line

The Castillo Street undercrossing, giving a detailed view of the "boat' secfiion described in the article.

March-April 1964 3 of the Southern Pacific Railroad's coast route restricted expansion. On the north, Mission Creek, the main drainage channel for the older section of Santa Barbara, paralleled the existing alignment. After considerable study, it was finally determined that portions of both Mission Creek and the railroad would have to be relocated to provide space for the fully developed freeway needed in this area. Even though room was provided for the freeway, there still was not sufficient area to build the project without inconvenience to traffic. For example, new lanes had to be constructed over existing lanes in many places, with traffic maintained on existing lanes until the new lanes were completed.

Extensive STudies Made During the planning stage, extensive studies had been made evaluating the idea of detouring traffic over city streets while freeway construction was underway. These studies showed Looking west at the Anapamu pedestrian overcrossing in front of the Wilson Elementary School. that this would be extremely costly, and in addition, would have spread congestion and accompanying traffic hazards over a distance three times the length of the construction project. It was concluded that the least cost and inconvenience to the traveling public would occur under the conditions providing for traffic to be narrowed down to two of the existing lanes in the construction area, then to construct two new lanes, transfer traffic to them, construct the second pair of new lanes, and then split traffic to the four completed lanes. Stage construction and traffic shifts did not stop then, however. Construc- tion of interchange structures involved cross streets, either over or under the railroad tracks as well as over and under the freeway itself. In two instances, underpass construction meant that a "shoofly" had to be contructed to detour railroad traffic around the proposed excavation area. The cross street then had to be excavated and a new railroad bridge built. After that, the "shoofly" was eliminated, railroad traffic routed over the new bridge, and the remainder of the excavation and The Mission Streef railroad bridge (foreground) and the undercrossing (background) looking in the direction of the City of Santa Barbara. interchange construction completed.

4 California Highways and Public Works An aerial of the freeway area through Santa Barbara. The sand dredge is in the foreground with the Marina to the left, the Moreton Bay fig tree is right middle ground with the central business district beyond and io the right of the fires.

March-April 1464 ~

6 6 Highways Highways and and California California Public Public Works

space space and and limitations limitations sign sign required erations erations be be had had carried carried to to within on on State State Division Division of of Highways.

project. project. the the end end De- southeasterly southeasterly of of driving, driving, and and concrete concrete work work other other op- was was Bridge Bridge Department Department representative,

Castillo Castillo

Street Street

Interchange Interchange the

near near This This that that meant meant excavating, excavating, for for pile all all District District V, V, G. G. and and P. P. O'Halloran

engineers engineers involves involves the construction construction

J. J. B. B. Popnoe Popnoe at at least least was was resident resident

one one engineer

thick. foot foot

and interest interest greatest greatest both both to to design design

thick, thick, at at and and the the ends ends sections the the of of phases phases of of the the work.

The The that that feature feature be be

job job may may

ment, ment, sometimes sometimes as as much much tractor's tractor's feet as as five five representatives representatives through through all

alternative. economical economical

down down with with extra concrete concrete pave- -thick -thick

worked worked

state state con- with with closely closely and and

contractor's contractor's most volved, volved, "s "s was was the the thi

interchange interchange ramps ramps

weighted were were

the the tor tor for for Barbara, City City Santa Santa of of

"move- of of outs" outs" equipment equipment

were were in-

with with the the

.piles, .piles,

Castillo Castillo

Street Street and and the W: W. W. W: and and Wills, Wills, direc- works works public public

though though complete complete

and two two -ins" -ins" "move

feet feet outside outside the the

area area

locked locked

in in place

possible possible were were and and time, time, at at even any any the the realignment realignment

Mission Mission work, Creek Creek

In In addition, addition,

for for

approximately approximately 150

that that relatively relatively with with short short that the the runs runs interest interest represented represented on neer, neer, county county

Ramps Ramps

Weighted Weighted

Down low concrete. concrete. indicate -slump -slump Figures Figures control control Barbara Barbara engi- flood flood County County

successful successful in in discharge discharge of rapid rapid

so .. so

Santa

Case, Case,

superintendent. superintendent. Arthur Arthur by by

some some

500 500 J. J. piles piles driven driven in in place.

equipment equipment cialized cialized proven has has which which

down down

in in the the area area of of Appel, Appel, excavation paving deepest deepest William William tendent; tendent; and and

development development this this use use spe- of of and and the the

under under the the freeway freeway bridge bridge held to to Banducci, Banducci, superin- be be area area Al Al gineer; gineer;

been been has has a a H. H. in Gordon Gordon pioneer pioneer Ball Ball

plans plans Final Final called called for for Bailey, Bailey, Talbot Talbot venture; venture; project project Castillo Castillo ;Jr.; ;Jr.; en- Street

Contractor mixers. mixers. transit transit -drum -drum

tilting

superintendent superintendent the the for for joint project project sink sink as as the the table table

water water

rose rose

and and fell.

combination combination with

paver paver -form -form in in

slip

personnel personnel included included Jay Jay Row, Key Key place place that that

neither neither

would would

float float up up nor Gunnert- Zimmerman pavement pavement with with a a

construction construction

concrete concrete

of of

a a tion tion highway highway it it of of replaced. boat boat the the in place place portland portland concrete cement cement the the

a a "boat "boat

section" section"

1964, 1964, which which years years in in effect. effect. after after some some the the meant 30 30 comple- contractor contractor elected elected the the and to to mix mix

problem, problem,

it it was was to to decided decided completed completed was was project project construct 3, January January on sequently, sequently, interest interest is is of of that to to it it note note

As As

a a

solution solution this this high high to to water water remained remained on on tractor tractor table schedule schedule and and the contract contract the the any any items. items. with with of of Con-

With With these these all all problems, problems, the the con- existed' existed' table table in in this this area. production production rates rates connection in in high high

knowledge knowledge the the with with that that a a assure assure high high eliminated eliminated to to a a dry dry possibiliEy possibiliEy of ments ments working working area. water any any

way way and and railroad railroad adjacent adjacent that that were were construction construction stage stage require- under under tracks, tracks, these these continuous continuous All All even pumping

that that Castillo Castillo go go Street Street under under extensive extensive an an free- system system `the `the of of well well Construction points Stage Stage

view view way. way. is is westward westward The The the the }oward }oward Micheltorena Micheltorena overcrossing. Sfreef Sfreef

The The parallels parallels Creek Creek freeway freeway change change Mission Mission channel channel the the to to the the right right beginning beginning Southern Southern Left Left foreground. foreground. The The Pacific Pacific is is on on Railroad Railroad side side the the of of other other the the free- New Freeway Section Has Rest Area and Fountain oron o d n on

By C. F."BING "JOHNSON,Resident Engineer Few people in the United States, or even in Califor- nia, had heard of Morongo Valley until 1909. In that year in Banning, a 25-year- old Piute Indian, Willie Boy, kid- naped his sweetheart, Isoleta Boni- face, after having put a bullet through her father's head, and dragged her into Morongo Valley in an attempt to escape the law. The newspapers all over the country carried the story of this manhunt in their headlines. Willie Boy realized that Isoleta was slowing down his progress in keeping ahead of the sheriffs of two counties and their posses, so he killed her and pushed on alone. For two weeks, he hiked through the rugged mountains of the high desert from Banning nearly to Ludlow, 70 miles northeast of Ban- the new Morongo Canyon Freeway with the old road and creek bed to the right. ning, and back to the Morongo Valley area 25 miles northeast of Banning, but the expert trackers following were too much for him. They found his body near what is now Pioneer Town, where he had shot himself with his last round of ammunition.

First Whi4e Se4tler The first white settler in Morongo Valley, Curtis Christiansen, came in 1874 and fashioned a crude home for his family in Little Morongo Canyon. Prior to this date, Morongo Valley had been inhabited only by Piute and Morongo Indians. Christiansen and his family saw oc- casional Spanish missionaries and pros- pectors use the road through the canyon. The road at that time consisted of two wagon wheel ruts worn in the sand. More settlers followed Christiansen into the valley and started raising sheep and cattle. The ranchers and local freighters drove their teams and A safety rest area and drinking fountain along the freeway.

March-April 1964 7 i ~.. _ ~ t ~ _ a ,~~ t ,*:~s ~ ~~ r~ a j ,yrz ,nt- z. s a ,x ~v -.

~` a { ~ ~ <. g_

., ~;-::,~r ~+-i'~ ^~ ~' ~ },mss g ~a r ` ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ t

~ ~ 'fit ~ - s~: d~ { {, 3~ ..^

.4. s ~ '' 2m` "~^a ~ 3~'` ~~`~ v$" v } ' ~ ~ Via: ,~ :. t ~°' s, a .m .. ~; .; ., o_ ,~ e ~ ~ ~

_. _ .~~<

,, i~

~ ~ ~~, ~"

'~`,tF r*„ ~a't r,~ye?'1` ~~ i~ K~.^~i -,fir 2.a~y.'>rt ~ -Fs~ - f ,~,,Ar`...,«~._ * is ~ x ` .ti y ar ~ ~', ~ ~ ~t - ,~° ~,~

tkC kx'~ tµa f

f F ~r$ f a

t w

. ~ ~ ~~ ~~

+{am p .,s"•3 'AIL s ~ ~ A c ;t~ .,A q~ '~~,~.~~a~,~,~ .z ~"i` ~ v .~ ~a ~ ~ m~ kW4'~~.. tiW ~° V~ ~'Y,~ ~ '- ~- 3aa

f. .~ T ~,, ,het?.• -, ~,': z~ ~y .~ ~ '',~ ' "x'~`~r"~,.'~ <~ ~ ~ = off' "~,x~~-a. a'~~' +~. °~~ ~ ~ 'z ~~~`'` '~ " ~" ~, ,s,'°r, `~ ~,`3 f .~ ~ ~ s~ ~ ;~ ` ~. ,~ ,r r ". s. $. ~~ ~ n ~rs~~~ + ~~ r K~ ft4^+ .K

s~'°' , ~~t n'+~ ,. ?'e~a ~,~ .~. „`5..~ . .. - _. "`.~. .~. ,~E~`.. x:u z.. ~ ~.' ~ _. .. w:,~il~s aa~.1~ ~ ~ ~ Aerial view of }he new freeway looking north up the canyon. Note the beginning of the project in the lower left. The community of Morongo Valley is in the background.

g California Highways and Public Works wagons over the trail through Dry Morongo Wash. This trail was located ~n the easterly edge of the canyon. From this point northerly to the community of Morongo Valley, the old trail was about a quarter of a mile west of the alignment of the new roadway. •It passed, near the old Hole-in- the-Wall Spring one mile south of Morongo Valley, where travelers used to stop and water their horses and rest a bit. The Hole-in-the-Wall Spring is an old mine tunnel which extended from the face of the decomposed granite hillside into the hill 60 feet. When the opening to the tunnel was dammed up, the water stood about two feet deep in it and it formed a nice underground storage reservoir.

Flood Danger The road through Dry Morongo Canyon and Morongo Valley was a hot dusty trail most of the time, but during the summer season when those white billowing clouds known as Approaching the safety rest area about halfway through the canyon. thunderheads began to gather in the sky, prudent teamsters waited at Mo- rongo Valley or at the mouth of the canyon until the clouds had blown away or until the floodwater had all run out of the canyon. It would have been disastrous to be trapped in the canyon with a five-foot stream of water flowing swiftly down it because there was no place to escape up the steep rocky canyon walls with a team of horses and a wagon. The old wagon trail remained in existence until 1937 when it was paved with road-mixed asphalt surfacing. During the flood in the spring of 1938, the water ran five feet deep down the canyon, according to long-time residents in the area, and washed out most of the new asphalt surfacing. It was replaced and it remained with only minor maintenance until construction of the new roadbed in 1963.

Selected Roek Geves Pro4ee4ion The new roadbed was constructed on the westerly side of the canyon with the finished grade a minimum height of five feet above the flowline of the canyon; however, throughout most of the canyon the height is 10 feet or more. The entire right side of the roadbed embankment from 1,000 An aerial view of the freeway looking southeast down the canyon. Note the bridge in fhe foreground.

March-April 1964 9 Flash Flood On the evening of August 7, 1963, a sudden two-inch rain caused a flash flood in the canyon, which pushed 6 to 12 inches of rocks and sand upon the old road in some places and washed nut the shoulders two to three feet deep in other places. Traffic was quickly switched onto the uncompleted new road under pilot car control for a night and a day while the debris on the old road was cleaned up. No damage resulted on the new roadway from the flash flood. On the afternoon of August 29, 1963, the old road was again closed, due to a vehicle accident which damaged the falsework under the bridge. It took a week for the contractor to untangle the wreckage under the bridge and remove all of the damaged falsework so that he could get traffic back on the old road and proceed with completion of the new road. It had been his plan to leave all of the falsework under the bridge intact until after the traffic had finally been switched to the new roadbed per- manently. The falsework could then have been removed with no interference with the public. traffic on the detour through the falsework under the bridge. The project developed 50,000 cubic yards of excess roadway excavation over the 707,000 cubic yards which con- An aerial view northward across the community of Morongo Valley. the bridge can be seen left fore- would have been required for ground and just beyond, the safely rest area and drinking fountain. struction of the planned embankments. Some of this excess material feet north of the beginning of the The contractor, E. L. Yeager Com- was used to widen the shoulders in project to the bridge at the county pany, began work on January 8, 1963, four locations, in addition to the four line is lined with selected rock slope and his fast progress kept the work locations called for on the plans, from protection obtained from the rock well ahead of schedule on the 175- four feet to eight feet in order to pro- cuts. The selected rock slope protec- day contract until August. vide additional emergency parking off tion was placed on the outside edge of During construction, traffic was the traveled way. The remainder of the fill slope five feet thick from a kept on the old road through the can- the excess material was disposed of on depth five feet below the existing yon portion of the job. At the county the right and left sides of the road- sandy floor of the canyon to a planned line, traffic was detoured westerly bed one-quarter mile north of the profile grade which was 5 feet to 10 under the Dry Morongo Wash Bridge bridge. These widened areas were feet above the elevation of the canyon while the bridge was under construc- then paved to provide for emergency floor. tion, and thence to the connector road parking and safety roadside rest areas. At particularly vulnerable locations which was constructed early in the A drinking fountain with a hydrant on inside curves where a heavy flow contract in order to get the traffic out for filling water cans was constructed of storm water with high velocity of the way of new construction be- on each of the safety roadside rest would be directed toward the em- tween the bridge and Station 45-~00. areas on the steep mountain grade. bankment, the selected rock slope pro- The connector road will now become Water for the fountains comes from tection was "beefed up" with addi- a county road to serve residents in the Hole-in-the-Wall Spring referred tional thickness of rock above the Dry Morongo Wash. From there on to above. additional paved emergency existing ground line. in order to pro- northeasterly through the community Two areas were developed by day- vide increased protection against ex- of Morongo Valley, traffic was carried parking cuts. treme flash floods. through new construction. lighting

~ o California Highways and Public Works New Green Markers Will ou e en u m ers n Replace Old Shields

New white-on-green route markers discovered the gold had a tendency to and bring their signing to conform- are replacing the familiar black and appear muddy at night while the ance with AASHO standards. white shields along some of Califor- white and green retained their true Because U.S. highway markers were nia's state highways. hues. not appropriate for marking state Fewer than 50 routes will be af- With the advent of the white-on- routes, Division of Highways engi- fected in the immediate future, al- green signs some long-familiar num- neers met with representatives of the though ageneral renumbering of state bered routes are being lengthened two automobile clubs to adopt a route highways has taken place in accord- (Route 1's southern terminus will be marker for state highways. After ex- ance with legislation (Senate Bill 64, Capistrano Beach, Orange County, amining awide range of suggested de- Collier) that became effective on Sep- instead of Las Cruces, Santa Barbara signs, the group selected the "bear tember 20, 1963. Where possible, state County); some are being shortened shield" which resembled a miner's highways have retained their posted (Route 99's new temporary terminus spade and displayed a grizzly bear numbers, so that many existing black- will be Los Angeles instead of the taken from the California Bear Flag. on-white markers will remain in place Mexican border at Calexico); and Numbering Systems Vary for a while. some will be eliminated (U.S. 399). As the state highway network grew Confusion Possible History of Route Markers and existing roads became longer, each Some confusion on the part of driv- The black-and-white color combi- new segment was given its own num- ers traveling reposted roads is expected nation was first adopted by the federal ber by the Legislature then in session. for the next several months. The pri- government in 1926 but the first route As a result, some state highways ac- mary reason is the fact that automo- markers did not appear along California quired as many as 13 different legisla- bile clubs and the commercial map- highways until January 1928. How- tive route numbers along the way. To makers, whose products are dispensed ever, the Division of Highways was minimize these complications for the by oil companies and others, could not not assigned responsibility for signing motorist, the Division of Highways note the new route numbers on maps highwa}~s until 1934, and during the established the state sign route system printed prior to this time. Maps being intervening six years two major auto- that identified each road from one end prepared now will coincide with the mobile clubs carried out the program to the other by a single number. This new signs. at their own expense. system supplemented the U.S. shield Another source of possible confu- The California State Automobile numbers which are assigned by the sion stems from the fact that the fed- Association placed signs in the 45 federal government on the recommen- eral government has designated some northern counties, and the Automo- dation of AASHO. highways in California by numbers bile Club of Southern California pro- The new system parallels the sign already in use by the State. The State vided similar service in the 13 southern route method in that one road calls immediately changed its numbers to counties. This work was undertaken for only one number when possible. avoid duplication. Again, maps now along U.S. highways, state highways, Sign Installdfion Schedule on drawing boards will note the county roads and city streets. Some of the new route signs are changes. The first road to be marked in the already in place, and Division of High- Spade Design Retained north was U.S. 40 from Berkeley .to ways plans call for almost all those The new markers, like the old sign the Nevada state line. In the south, which will identify the renumbered route shields, are in the shape of the U.S. 101 from Los Angeles to San highways to be installed by July 1, spade used in the gold fields by Cali- Diego was marked at the same time. 1964. fornia's 49er miners. Designed to last The black-on-white signs were rectan- More signs will be posted during for many years, they are cut from gular in shape. the next two or three years. Damage aluminum. Their white numerals and A short time after the automobile and age will necessitate future replace- translucent green background are de- clubs began installing signs, the Amer- ment of present black-on-white mark- veloped through a reverse screening ican Association of Highway Officials ers. And where highway construction procedure. The combination is de- published the Manual on Unif orrn is underway or will begin in the near signed to retain a high degree of visi- Traffic Control Devices. The manual future, state officials believe it imprac- bility at night and in hazy weather. established standards in the marking tical to post new signs along a right- The colors were decided upon after and positioning of U.S. route markers. of-way until construction is nearly a panel of engineers had checked vari- When the Division of Highways un- complete. ous color combinations in over-the- dertook the responsibility of signing Another important facet of the op- road tests. Blue and gold were strong highways, it was decided to examine eration is the removal of black-and- contenders but lost out when it was the routes signed by the auto clubs white shields. In the past, portions

March-April 19b4 11

12 12 California California Public Public Highways Highways and and Works

mer mer U.S. U.S. 101 101 Alternate Alternate from from County, County, Capis- San San Clara Clara Francisco. to to 10 10 near near Riverside Riverside Indio, Indio, County. County. In-

Humboldt Humboldt Incorporates Incorporates County. County. Saratoga Saratoga Route Route from from Santa 5 5 Gap, Gap, for- perial perial County, County, to to junction junction with with Route

Francisco Francisco Jenner Jenner Fernbridge, and and Francisco). Francisco). to to Incorporates Incorporates San San former with with Route Route Heber), Heber), 111 111 of of Im- (east (east

County, County, via via Luis Luis San San Clara Clara Obispo, Obispo, lines lines county county San to to 280 280 Route Route in Route Route 86 -89 -89 junction from from miles, miles,

5 5 Route Route at at }r }r Capistrano Capistrano Orange Beach, Beach, near near Cit —Santa (Santa (Santa Holy Holy Cruz

Ford Ford

Road Road

Francisco. to to San San

Route Route 1 -742 -742 miles, miles, Interstate miles, miles, from from 17 35 Route Route from from Route Route -52 -52

rates rates former former from 101 101 of of portion portion U.S. U.S.

their their length length 1964. prior prior to to Taft, Taft, County. July July Kern Kern to to 1, 1,

County, County, to to

Incorpo- San San Francisco. Francisco.

will will be be posted posted any any rates rates 399 399 over over of portion portion former former

Ventura U.S. U.S. from from

of of (south (south Clara San San

Santa Santa

Jose), Jose),

fornia fornia state state highways highways Tracy, Tracy, new new where where

Joaquin Joaquin San San

signs County. County.

Incorpo-

miles, miles, from from Route Route Road Ford Ford at at

101 101

The The following following list list includes includes County, County, Interstate Interstate

all all to to

Cali- Route Route 205 205

near

Route Route -57 82 82 Real) (El (El Camino Camino

near near Renumbered Renumbered via via 101 101 Venture Venture

Coalinga, Coalinga, Highways Sfafe Sfafe Fresno

Hallelujah Hallelujah Junction.

33 Route Route -315 -315

miles, miles, Route

from from

shields.

40 40

U.S. U.S.

Marysville Marysville Alternate Alternate

to from from

Lower Lower Lake, Lake, Lake Lake retain retain their their County. present present identities identities and

near near 1~4arysville 1~4arysville

Sacramento Sacramento

and

to to

mer mer 1963 1963 53 53 Route Route from from Middletown Middletown legislative legislative to act act and and therefore therefore will

Incorporates Incorporates

24 24 from

Route Route former former

Lake, Lake, Lake Lake Incorporates Incorporates County. County. networks networks were were for- not not included included the in in

Hallelujah Hallelujah

Junction, Junction, County. Lassen Lassen

Napa Napa County, County, and and Upper to to Route Route near near 20 20 be be number number eliminated. eliminated. The The county

Sutter Sutter 39S 39S

County, County,

Route Route near to to

Route Route Calistoga, near near that that via via Vallejo, Vallejo, 80 80 identify identify county county by by roads roads letter

4 4

(about (about Nicolaus), southeast southeast

of of miles miles

miles, miles, Interstate -107 -107 Koute Koute from from 29 Nor Nor the the will will blue- and -gold -gold shields

Route Route from from 99 Route Route miles, miles, 70 -182 -182

kelumne kelumne Hill.

white white

shields.

Replaces Replaces

of of 65. (north (north Badger). Badger). Route Route

Route Route

Stockton Stockton from from

near near Mo- 8 8 to to

tem tem

will will

retain retain their their present present black -on-

lare lare

County, County, Sequoia Sequoia National National Park to to

Incorporates Incorporates veras veras

County. County. former

included included

the the in in interstate interstate national national sys-

Exeter), Exeter), (near (near with with 198 198 Route Route Tu-

near near West West

Stockton Stockton

Point, Point, Cala- to to

(U.S. (U.S. 101, 101, for for example) example) which which are are not

miles, miles,

-44 -44 junction from from 69 Route Route

from from miles, miles, 99 Route Route Route Route -56 -56 26 interstate interstate routes. routes. Those Those U.S. U.S. highways

constructed. Bakersfield Bakersfield Station Station Tunnel Tunnel yet yet Barstow.

point point not not to to near near white white and and blue blue shields shields will will mark mark only

to to U.S. U.S. near near Incorporates Incorporates

466 466 Inyokern. Inyokern. of of Monica Monica portion portion (Santa (Santa from to highways highways in in California, California, for for the the red,

of of County) San San Angeles Angeles near near Bernardino Bernardino Fernando, Fernando, Los Los County. Barstow, Barstow, San San shields shields will will disappear disappear from. from. national

Route Route 395 395 at at

Tunnel Tunnel via via Interstate Interstate Route Route Bakersfield, Bakersfield, to to (north Station Station S 1 1 Not Not all all the the black -on -white -white federal

and and former former Margarita, Margarita, County, from from Obispo Obispo U.S. U.S. Luis Luis junction junction with 6 6 San San

easy easy to to identify identify

as as

such.

corporates corporates Antelope Antelope Route Route freeway Valley Valley from from miles, miles, -240 -240 Santa SS

part part of of the the

national national

interstate interstate

system

395 395

near near County. County. Inyokern, Inyokern, Kern Kern In-

41. 41. Route Route ) and and design design will will make make

any any road road

that that

northwest northwest of of

Monica Monica Santa Santa

Route to to

County, County, Famosa. Famosa. Luis Luis to to Obispo Obispo (See federal federal shield. shield. The The

variations variations

in in color

Route Route 14

-141 -141 Route Route from from miles, miles,

point point from from Shandon, Shandon, 466 466 San near near blue blue on on route route signs signs that that

resemble resemble the

Pasadena.

kersfield. kersfield. Incorporates Incorporates portion portion of of U.S. their their route route numbers numbers in in

red, red,

white white

and

U.S. U.S. former former

from from

Angeles Angeles

66 66 Los Los

Route Route Famosa Famosa 99 99 at at north north to to of of Ba- other other interstate interstate routes routes

will will

proclaim

from from

San San

Pedro Pedro

Los Los

and Angeles Angeles to to

Cambria, Cambria, Luis Luis San San Obispo Obispo at at County, These These multilane multilane full full freeways freeways

and

Pasadena. Pasadena. Incorporates Incorporates

U.S. U.S.

former former 6

-119 -119 Route Route

from from

miles, miles, 46 Route Route

99, 99, 70, 70, and and portions portions of of 60).

Angeles Angeles Los Los

County, County,

to to 248 248 Route Route

Angeles Angeles County. County. Obispo Obispo and and Route Route Luis Luis (See (See Indio Indio 46.) (formerly (formerly U.S.

Freeways)

-33 -33

miles, miles,

from from Pedro, San San

and and Morro Morro Interstate Interstate Atascadero, Atascadero, Bay Bay near near to to Route Route San 10 10 between between Los

and and Pasadena Route Route

(Harbor (Harbor

I1 I1

Incorporates Incorporates cisco cisco and and of of portion portion U.S. U.S. Reno Reno 466 466 from (formerly (formerly U.S. U.S. 40),

Freeway.

Interstate Interstate boundary boundary of of Yosemite Yosemite National National Route Route Park. 80 80 between between San San Fran-

15 15

Route Route for for

Beach length length

of of Long Long

white white via via on on Fresno Fresno County, County, to to south green. green. the the Typical Typical examples examples are

Pasadena. Pasadena. Incorporates Incorporates 210 210 former in in

red, red, white white Bay, Bay, Morro Morro and and near near San San blue blue Obispo Luis Luis shields shields instead instead of

County, County, Angeles Angeles

Interstate Interstate

to to Route

-188 -188 Route Route a a receive receive miles, miles, 41 from from prominent prominent Route Route 1 display display but but on

(Harbor (Harbor

Los Freeway) Freeway)

Pedro, Pedro, in in

San San

cations cations

where where

the the new new numbers numbers will

Lake Lake Bear Bear to to Big Big Bear Bear City.

-33 -33

7 Route Route Route Route miles, miles, 11 from from

terstate terstate

and and

Defense Defense

Highways Highways

are are lo-

Route Route of of 18 18 from from west west of of end end Big

Costa Costa

County.

portion portion of of

the the National National System System of of In-

County. County. Incorporates Incorporates portion former former

Contra

County, County,

Bridge, Bridge, to to

Antioch Antioch

Routes Routes

that that

up up

make make the the California

of of Bear Bear Big Big Lake, Lake, Bernardino San San Costa 24 24 Contra Contra Route Route Concord, Concord, from from

Interstate Interstate

Roufe Roufe

Signs Signs Di}Fer dino dino west west County, County, 18 18 Route Route at at to to end Incorporates Incorporates Alpine Alpine former County. County.

is is Redlands, Redlands, 10 10 Route Route complete. San San near near Bernar- Woodfords, 89 89 County; County; to to Route Route at at

-59 -59 Route Route number number from from miles, miles, 38 Interstate equals equals one one highway" highway" Calaveras Angels Angels project County, County, via via Camp, Camp,

almost almost be be eliminated eliminated when when Contra Contra the the Costa Hercules, Hercules, "one Route Route near near structed. structed. 80 80 )

unacquainted unacquainted with with the the procedure, procedure, -209 -209 from from miles, miles, Interstate yet yet will Route Route not not 4 Nicasio Nicasio (Novato (Novato to to con-

complicated complicated travel travel for for Monica Monica unwary unwary Pasadena. and and drivers Santa Santa tween tween Interstate Interstate Route Route junction junction with with 80.

federal federal highways. highways. This This practice, practice, former former of of portion portion Sonoma Sonoma U.S. U.S. rates rates 66 66 which be- Point, Point, Sears Sears County, County, 37 37 at at to

combination combination of of two two or or more more state state Bernardino). Bernardino). (north (north San San junction junction of of and Incorpo- with with from from 48 48 Route Route Route

stretches stretches were were incorporated incorporated Monica Monica Route Route Incorporates Incorporates to to into into 138 138 Santa Santa a near near County. County. Cajon lano lano former

tiple tiple routes routes because because those those -89 -89 miles, miles, of of particular from from north north 2 Route Route 80 80 Koute Koute Route Route Vallejo, Vallejo, state state 1 1 in So-

been been marked marked with with the the shields shields County, County, Ventura Ventura Oxnard, Oxnard, of of mul- Marin Marin County. to to of of Nicasio, Nicasio, near near Inter-

of of many many California California highways highways from from Orange Orange miles, miles, Beach, Beach, have -32 -32 trano trano County, County, 37 Rotate Rotate to to 17 Route Route north corporates former portion of U.S. 99 from near Heber to near Indio. ILLUMINATED SIGNS WARN OF FOG. LOW VISIBILITY Route 91-63 miles, from Route 1 Signs which can be illuminated to and in turn survey their effectiveness near Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles warn motorists to reduce their speed in alerting the public to special haz- County, to Route 395 near Riverside, to variable maximums at times of lim- ards ahead. Riverside County. Incorporates for- ited visibility, such as fog, have been The Senate resolution was enacted mer Route 14 from Hermosa Beach to installed at a test site on the Elvas in an attempt to cope with accident Route S, former portion U.S. 91 from Freeway (U.S. 99E) in Sacramento. statistics. Approximately 3 percent of near Route S to Route 395. Ultimately, six signs on this freeway automobile accidents in 1961 were at- Route 111-129 miles, from Mex- segment between Arden Way and tributed to conditions of reduced visi- ican border at Calexico, Imperial south of the American River Bridge bility. Moreover, 14 percent of 1961 County, to Interstate Route 10 near will be used to carry out part of the accidents involving four or more cars Whitewater, Riverside County. Incor- intent of Senate Resolution No. 3 3 happened under like conditions, and porates former portion of U.S. 99 (1963 session). 1962 statistics showed that such acci- from east of Heber, Imperial County, In this resolution, the Highway dents were increasing. to Calexico, Imperial County. Transportation Agency was asked to Variable speed signs are only one of initiate a "study which will determine the methods to be tested. Other de- Route 113-60 miles, from Route possible means of giving advance vices and techniques being studied 12 northwest of Rio Vista, Solano warning to drivers of motor vehicles include increased patrol activity, con- County, to Route 99 south of Yuba of the need for greater alertness and centrated public information dissem- Sutter County. Incorporates City, caution when driving during periods ination, use of reflective wedge-shaped former U.S. 40 Alternate from,Inter- of reduced visibility." A report of pavement markers, use of white shoul- Route 80 near Davis, Yolo state survey findings will be submitted to der stripings, and use of colored re- to south of Yuba City. County, the Legislature early in 1965. flective shoulder and lane striping at Route 116-47 miles, from Route 1 The signs, electrically powered and on- and off-ramp locations. near Jenner, Sonoma County, to Route comparable to the familiar time and State agencies involved in the study 121 near Schellville, Sonoma County. temperature signs, will be in effect project are the Division of Highways, Incorporates former portion of Route whenever weather conditions warrant the California Highway Patrol, the 12 from Jenner to Schellville. reduced speed limits. Traffic engineers Department of Motor Vehicles, and Route 119-34 miles, from Route 33 from the State Division of Highways the Institute of Transportation and in Taft, Kern County, to Route 99 at will operate the signs in cooperation Traffic Engineering at the University Greenfield, Kern County. Incorporates with the California Highway Patrol, of California's Richmond field office. former portion of U.S. 399 from Taft The latter institution has made avail- to Greenfield. able their fog chamber for evaluating near Sacramento. Incorporates former from Route 37, devices to be used in the study. Route 121-34 miles, portion of Route 24 from Antioch to Sonoma County, to Route 128 north near Sacramento. of Napa, Napa County. Incorporates Route 37 from junction with Route 48 Route 175-38 miles, from Route Hveem, Zube, Skog at Sears Point to junction with Route 101 near Hopland, Mendocino CounCy, Win Emmons Award north of Napa. near Middletown, Lake 128 to Route 29 Three Division of Highways engi- Route 138-113 miles, from Inter- County. Incorporates former portion neers were recipients of the W. J. state Route 5 near Gorman, Los of Route 29 from Middletown, via Emmons Award of the Association of Angeles County, to Route 18 near Hobergs, to 5 miles south of Kelsey- Asphalt Paving Technologists. Crestline, San Bernardino County. In- ville. They are F. N. Hveem, recently 2 corporates former portion of Route Rotate 246-35 miles, from Surf, retired chief of the Materials and from its junction with Route 138 east Santa Barbara County, to Route 154 Research Department, Ernest Zube, of Wrightwood to junction with near Santa Ynez, Santa Barbara supervising materials and research en- Route 18 near Crestline. gineer, John B. Skog, senior mate- County. Incorporates former portion and -32 from Route rials and research engineer. Route IS4 miles, of Route 154 from Surf to near Santa 101 near Buellton, Santa Barbara The award was for the best paper Ynez. County, via San Marcos Pass, to presented at the 1963 meeting which Route 101 near Santa Barbara. Incor- Route 299-307 miles, from Route was held in San Francisco. porates former portion of Route 150 101 near Arcata, Humboldt County, Title of their paper was "Proposed from Santa Ynez to Route 101 near to Nevada state line near Cedarville, New Tests and Specifications for Pav- Santa Barbara. Modoc County. Extends former U.S. ing Grade Asphalts." Route 160 (River Road)-61 miles, 299 for 43 miles from Cedarville to Zube and Skog also received honor- from Route 4 near Antioch, Contra the junction with Route 395 at Al- able mention for a second paper pre- Costa County, to Interstate Route 80 turas, Modoc County. sented at the same meeting.

March-April 1964 13 430 Miles of Freeway Now J I I ~ ro res s Open in Los Angeles Region

By E. T. TELFORD, Metropolitan District Engineer

In 1963 District With 430 miles, or 27 percent of Although 1963 was a year of im- VII completed and the planned network, in operation, portant freeway completions, there placed in service a gaps are being closed, longer continu- were some notable starts also, particu- record 54 miles ous stretches of freeway are in use, larly the beginning of construction on of freeways, which traffic is spread more widely, and driv- the Pomona Freeway. added significantly ers have more choices of alternate Some of the events that highlighted to the effectiveness routes. As the system grows, driving the year's work were: of the system in becomes easier and safer. This evolu- Los Angeles, Or- tion will become more apparent each —Completion of 54 miles of free- ange and Ventura year until the entire 1,570-mile net- ways, including 27 miles of interstate Counties. work is completed in 1980. routes.

Two important Interstate freeways converge in the bare hills north of San Fernando: the San Diego Freeway (Interstate 405) upper, and the Golden Stafe Freeway (In~erstafe 5), and continue as Interstate 5 into the Tehachapi Mountains. This section of the Golden State and the connection with the San Diego were completed in 1963.

r~ r —Opening of the Vincent Thomas. Toll Bridge linking San Pedro and Terminal Island. —Completion of the San Diego Freeway for 43 miles from the northern terminus near San Fernando to Atlantic Avenue, southeast of the Long Beach Freeway. —Completion of the Golden State Freeway for 25 miles from East Los Angeles Interchange through the San Fernando Valley to a junction ~~ith the San Diego Freeway near San Fernando. —Completion of the Ventura Free- way through the City of Ventura. —Santa Monica Freeway under construction from completed section at Vermont Avenue to western terminus in the City of Santa Monica. —First 14.4 miles of the Antelope Valley Freeway opened. —Start of construction on Pomona Freeway. —San Gabriel River Freeway under construction for 12 miles between the San Bernardino and Santa Ana Free- ways. For the sake of simplicity and con- venience, commonly used names of freeways are used in this report, although all are not official names. Route numbers used are those of the revised numbering system which becomes effective July 1, 1964.

Intersfafe System Half of the 54 miles of freeway completed in District VII during 1963 was on routes of the interstate system. Elevated roadways frame construction activity in •the San Diego—Santa Monica Freeway interchange area. These 27 miles represented a construc- The Santa Monica Freeway, under construction from Los Angeles westward to Santa Monica, is expected tion cost of $70,200,000. fo be completed to this point early in 1965. Emphasis on early completion of the interstate system will continue in which public hearings will be held Los Angeles Interchange to its junc- coming years. The district planning before midyear. tion with the San Diego Freeway. program for the 1964-71 fiscal years Traffic Benefits Travel time savings as a result of includes $354,000,000 for construction Completion of important links in these freeway openings are substantial. and $166,700,000 for acquisition of the San Diego Freeway, Interstate For example, a drive from Long right-of-wav to complete the remain- Route 405,. created a majestic sweep Beach, via the Pacific Coast Highway ing miles of new construction and 31 of 43 miles of continuous freeway and Sepulveda Boulevard, to the miles of widening on existing inter- from east of the Long Beach Freeway, Golden State Freeway near San Fer- state freeways. through the Bay area, West Los An- nando, formerly required 90 minutes. The seven interstate routes in Dis- geles and the San Fernando Valley to Using the San Diego Freeway, this trict VII total 325 miles, of which 210 the junction with the Golden State same off-peak-hour trip can be made miles, or 64 percent, have been com- Freeway, north of San Fernando. Of in only 55 minutes of comfortable pleted. There are 34 miles now. under and scenic. driving on the almost 50 construction, of which 17.8 miles will great importance also, was the com- travel be completed in 1964. pletion of the Golden State Freeway, miles of freeway. Peak-hour All interstate routings in the district between Osborne Street and the San time is about 72 minutes. have been adopted except for two sec- Diego Freeway, allowing continuous Although the last segment of the tions of the Foothill Freeway, on travel of some 25 miles, from the East San Diego Freeway was not opened

March-April 1964 15 The public building program in fhe Los Angeles civic center during the pas9 10 years has made some dramatic changes in the appearance of fhe area. For comparison, fhe obove photograph was taken December 1953 and appeared on CALIFORNIA HIGHWAYS AP1D PUBLIC WORK$ in the September-October 1954 issue. (See next page.)

16 California Highways and Public Works ibis phofo, taken January 15, 1464, shows the addition of buildings in the moll area, which will extend up the hill from Phe ciPy hall fo the Deparfinent of Water and Power Building and the Music Center (left center). Along the sides of the mal! are the County Mall of Adminis4ration and the County Courthouse. The area between them is being excavated for construction of an underground parking facility. (See previous photo.)

/lAarch-.4 pril 1964 17

Works Public Public and and Highways Highways California California 1$ 1$

Fernando Fernando Valley. San San the the and and savings. time time in in com- 000,000 000,000 added added the the of of impact impact full full the the that that

Angeles $275,- West West and and Los Los costs, costs, accident accident in in 500,000 500,000 Airport, Airport, through through added so so were were recently recently mileages mileages way way

$16,- costs costs $85,000,000, $85,000,000, of of operating operating International free- district district new new the the past past north north the the to to Portions Portions of of south south

in saving saving a a vehicle vehicle of of create create travel travel ~vay. but area, area, harbor harbor the the in in west west direction direction

miles billion billion

8 8

that that magnitude magnitude

these these free- the the on on unimpeded unimpeded moves moves traffic traffic east- an an in in freeway freeway travels travels generally generally

such of of affords affords safety safety travel travel and and

relief relief through

and and

service service improved, improved,

is is local local this Additionally, Additionally,

Pass. Pass. Sepulveda Sepulveda

Freeway savings savings to to dous dous the the public. public. Road, Fernando Fernando San San from from

removed removed

the

through through area area

mountainous mountainous rural rural

tremen-

at at logged logged on on were were

freeways, freeways, day per per vehicles vehicles 31,200 31,200 previous previous the the of of

semi-

the the as as

well well as as

and and residential, residential,

miles 8 8 1963; 1963; almost almost these these of of billion billion

20,250

With With

area. area. Fernando Fernando

San San the the

industrial i.e., i.e., diverse diverse areas, areas,

through through

during on on -miles -miles hicle highways highways state state streets streets in badly badly to to

relief relief the the needed needed

passes

it it length, length,

of of its its

virtue virtue

By By

ve- billion billion 13 13 traveled traveled and approximately approximately savings savings time time afforded afforded Free~~ay, Free~~ay,

1963. year year calendar calendar Counties in in closed closed gaps gaps Orange Orange and and geles, geles, Ventura Ventura Diego San San to to the the Osborne Osborne from from and and

the with with phase, phase, An- completed completed Los Los current current the the The The 4,000,000 4,000,000 vehicles vehicles in in Street, Osborne Osborne to to Boulevard Boulevard shim

in long long miles miles many many area. Diego Diego Freeway, Freeway, an an of of the the in in economic economic growth growth Lanker- from from Freeway, Freeway, State State Golden Golden

San the the case case of of the the in in factor years years previous previous a a routings routings are are way way paramount paramount the on on completions completions two two The The

than fashion fashion complex complex more more free- safe safe rather rather a a in in and and timesaving, timesaving, economical economical Freeway.

being into into came came freeways freeways fast, to to that that streets streets segments segments indicates indicates again again lel lel Ventura the the to to north north Freeway Freeway bor bor

paral- from from diverted diverted traffic traffic of of freeway opened opened to to volumes volumes newly newly adjacent adjacent Har- the the from from stretch stretch -mile -mile 32 the the for for

large of of pattern pattern familiar familiar activity now now New New The The subdivision subdivision realized. realized. day a a be be vehicles vehicles 100,000 100,000 of of excess excess in in are are

to Diversion are are beginning beginning only only TraAic TraAic

benefits benefits munity munity volumes traffic traffic its its 1963, 1963, in in late late until until

(Effective (Effective 1 July July Routs Routs Legislative Legislative Number Number New New (2001 (2001

Roufe Roufe Le9islotive Le9islotive Number OIA OIA 200 200

Budq~ted OO~OO OO~OO

Construction Under Under OYi~Y OYi~Y

ComDlefed ~ ~ FREEWAY FREEWAY

~~~(~n~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~

VII DISTRICT DISTRICT

wo.aa ui ui s s economic growth rather The wide variations in changes of freeway was completed, traffic vol- rectly reflects relocation or expan- street volumes are shown as follows: umes on Sepulveda dropped from a than population Near International Airport the San previous 45,~F00 per day to 15;100 sion. truck percent- Diego Freeway runs parallel to Sepul- vehicles per day. In this case not only Currently observed Free- veda Boulevard about one mile to the is the freeway relatively close to Se- ages are as follows: Hollywood east. Prior to the freeway opening pulveda Boulevard, but, in this area way, 4 percent; Ventura .Freeway 55,000 vehicles per day passed through a relatively large portion of the traffic (west of Hollywood Freeway), 6 per- the Airport Tunnel; subsequent counts consists of commuter trips. Such traf- cent; San Bernardino Freeway, 10 per- at the same point indicated 43,000 cars fic is, of course, readily divertible. cent; Santa Ana Freeway, 8 percent; Harbor Freeway, 5 percent; Santa per day are still passing through. The iruek Trailie Freeway, 5 percent; Golden relatively small difference is due not Truck classification counts were i'Vlonica Freeway south of Tunnel Sta- only to the considerable distance be- made in 1963, the first since 1960. AI- State percent; north of Tunnel Sta- tween Sepulveda Boulevard and the thougli there are considerable differ- tion, 10 Beach Freeway, freeway, but also because of its prox- ences in the truck volumes, these are tion, 20 percent; Long Diego Freeway, imity to a major airport and a highly generally attributable to realignment 10 percent; and San developed industrial area. of highways, rather than to large 6 percent. Conversely, in the San Fernando changes in area development and Average daily trafric volumes of the Valley, north of Vanowen Street, the traffic patterns. District VII freeway network during freeway is located approximately one- This is to be expected since com- 1963 indicated a general 4-percent in- half mile west of Sepulveda. When the mercial truck traffic, in general, di- crease over 1962.

CALIFORNIA EXPRESSW SYSTEM '~ STATE OF C~tI FONNiO HIGXW~Y TR~MSPORTATION PGENCY ORANGE~1 DEMIITM[NT OF PUBLIC WONI(S DIVISION OF M16XM~Y5 DISTRICT VII `~\ AS PROJECTED INTO 1980 AND BEYOND BY THE CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE OF 1959 •,,COUNTY .~eyend

Q ~ NEW LEGISLATIVE AND SIGN POLITE NUMBERS (EFFECTIVE JULY 1,19641

STATVTE MILES

5 0 5 10 IS 20 ZS

March-April 1964 ~ 9

Public Public Works and and Highways Highways California California ~Q ~Q

years. few few next next 225~78~. Of Of

to to be be the Extension, Extension, this this built built will will the the which which within within point point the the Freeway Freeway is is

Hollywood Hollywood for for conneafion conneafion left left

the the reached reached point point that that at at total count count

the the lower to to the the continues continues At At Mountains Mountains Valley. Valley. Tehachapi Tehachapi Joaquin Joaquin the the San San over over and and way, way, right, right, upper upper

day, day, traffic the the June June peak peak the the 21, 21, on on Diego Diego 1963, 1963, the the junction junction a a Freewoy, Freewoy, free- State State forms forms Golden Golden San San in in the the with with completed completed of of section section This This

and 203,000, 203,000, was was average average the the 16 -22 -22

of of but but June week week the the during during 193,000, 193,000,

was Overcrossing Overcrossing Street Street 30th 30th the the at at

°~ the the on on traffic traffic Freeway Harbor Harbor daily daily

average 1963 1963 the the example, example, For For weeks. weeks.

occur occur or days days umes umes peak peak on on that that

story story the the traffic traffic of of full full vol- tell tell high high

daily daily not do do Average Average figures figures traffic traffic

weekday weekday 333,000 -hour -hour 24 ______

a during during Structure Structure -Level -Level Four Using Using

Ana Ana 50,000 ______Santa Santa (At (At Freeway) Freeway)

Freeway Riverside Riverside

35,000 ___.______Freeway) Freeway) State State Golden Golden (At (At

Freeway Glendale Glendale

28,000 ______Linda Linda (At (At Vista)_

Freeway Colorado Colorado

Ventura Ventura 105,000 ______Freeway) Freeway) (At (At

Olympic Olympic 125,000 (At (At ______Boulevard) Boulevard)

84,000 Harbor Harbor (At (At ______Freeway) Freeway)

Freeway) Freeway) 74,000 ____ (West (West Beach Beach Long Long of of

Free~cvay Diego Diego San San

------48,500 Freeway) Freeway)

Bernardino San San of of (South (South

89,000 Santa Santa ____,. Freeway) Freeway) Ana Ana of of (South (South

57,000 ______. Highway) Highway) Pacific Pacific (At (At Coast Coast

Freeway Beach Beach Long Long

95,000 ______Freeway) Freeway) Ventura Ventura of of (North (North

------•------change) change) 116,000

Inter- Angeles Angeles Los Los East East of of (North (North

130,000 Freeway)_...____ Pasadena Pasadena of of (West (West

Golden Golden Freeway State State

133,000 Freeway)______Diego Diego San San of of (West (West

157,000 Freeway).__. Hollywood Hollywood of of (West (West

30,000 _...__ Freeway) Freeway) Hollywood Hollywood of of (East (East

Ventura Ventura Freeway

---- -• ------•----- 112,000 Freeway) Freeway)

Harbor Ana Ana (Santa (Santa to to Freeway Freeway

Monica Monica Freeway Santa Santa

of of a a at at year year the the $35,000,000. cost cost Assembly- was was 25 first first toll toll -cent -cent the the

86,000

Freeway) State State

Golden Golden of of (North (North

the the were were district district

in in

completed completed during paying and and car, car,

first first the the

in in

Riding Riding ing. ing. 92,000 Structure)__ -Level -Level Four of of (North (North

structures highway highway 190 190 than than More More open- the the of of celebration celebration in in Pedro, Pedro, San San Freeway Pasadena Pasadena

structures. 240 240 on on to returned returned and and bridge bridge the the crossed crossed 180,000 Freeway).... Beach Beach Long Long (West (West of of

estimates estimates available, available, comes comes were were automobiles 100 100 given of of than than 112,000 more more Boulevard)______van van Rosemead Rosemead of of (East (East

Freeway Ana Ana Santa Santa detailed detailed more more where where information information 15, 15, be- cara- a a November November a.m., a.m., 12.01 12.01 At At

1963. 1963. the the In In Freeway) 78,000 were were (West (West State State in in Golden Golden made made stage, of of design design harbor. the the of of tour tour a a aboard aboard went went for for

158,000 Long Long of of (East (East Freeway)____ Beach Beach such such 2,200 2,200 cost cost than than estimates More More officials, public public many many guests, guests, including including

Freeway Bernardino Bernardino

San San

route route for for of of location location structures structures of of party party a a studies. invited scheduled scheduled then then trip, trip,

28,500

Highway)______Coast Coast Pacific Pacific (At (At

providing providing cost cost in in VII VII trict trict analyses Island Island

last its its made made ferry ferry Terminal Terminal the the

63,000 (At (At Freeway)_.______.__._ Diego Diego San San

works works closely closely office office This This with with Dis- S S 1963, 14, 14, November November 9.1 9.1 p.m., p.m., At At

136,000

Boulevard)______(At (At

Century Century

Angeles.

$21,000,000.

of of cost cost 193,000 ______Overcrossing) Overcrossing) Street Street 30th 30th (At (At

southern southern department's department's office office in in Los channel, channel, a the the at at of of water water completed completed 188,000 Structure) Structure) __.. -Level -Level Four of of (South (South

was was in in construction construction charge charge Harbor Harbor of of Freeway the 185 185 feet feet and and the above above long, long, feet feet

of of Division Division 98,000 Freeway)___.._.... California California (South (South Ventura Ventura of of Highways, Highways, and bridge bridge California, California, in in 6,060 suspension suspension

185,000 ._____..__ Structure) Structure) __.______.. __.______..

the the by by designed designed Bridge Bridge the the is is It It Department, largest third third

Island. Island. minal minal

-Level

of of

(Westerly (Westerly Four

Thomas Thomas Vincent Vincent The The

structure structure was Pedro Pedro San San between between Ter- and and Harbor Harbor

Hollywood Hollywood Freeway

of of behalf behalf the the on on tivity tivity

crossing.

Los Los to to entrance entrance Angeles the the across across

TRAFFIC 7963 7963

DAILY DAILY AVERAGE AVERAGE

his his of of recognition recognition many many years years ac- of of Bridge Thomas Thomas Vincent Vincent the the of of ing ing

the the bridge bridge whom whom for for was was the the follows: as as are are routes routes in various. various. named named of of open- the the was was year year the the Highlight Highlight

Thomas Thomas Vincent Vincent man man of of San San The The key key at at on Pedro, locations locations breakdowns breakdowns Projects Bridge Bridge Route Planning Approximately 380 miles of freeways, estimated to cost $2,270,000,000 for construction and right-of-way, were under active study for route adoption at the beginning of 1964. These projects include the only two segments of the interstate system in this district that remain to be adopted. Both are on the Foothill Freeway (In- terstate Route 210). Public hearings are planned before mid 1964 on these sections: Foothill Place to Hampton Road, 10.5 miles. Pasadena area, including an interchange of the Pasadena, Foothill, Col- orado and Long Beach Freeways, 3 miles. Noninterstate routes under study include: Beverly Hills Freeway (Route 2), from the San Diego Freeway to Ard- more Avenue, near the Hollywood Freeway; public hearing held April 22 -2 3. Pacific Coast Freeway (Route 1) from Malibu Canyon Road to terminus of Santa Monica Freeway in the City of Santa Monica, 13 miles. The 22.5-mile section of this freeway from Malibu Canyon Road north to Point Mugu is under consideration by the Riders follow the bridle path alongside the Golden Sfate Freeway neor Griffith Park, Los Angeles. Trees California Highway Commission for recently planted inside the freeway fence will add to attractiveness of the area in future years. route adoption, following a commission hearing on February 25, 1964. Lozzg Beach Free~cvay (Route 7) In District VII the Highway Com- Other unadopted portions of this route from the Foothill Freeway, Route 134 mission has now adopted 832 miles, in Ventura, Los Angeles and Orange and Long Beach Freeway Interchange or 53 percent, of the 1,570 miles of Counties are under study. to Norwich Avenue. the California freeway and expressway Simi Valley Freeway (Route 118) Portions of three freeway routes system in the district. It is anticipated from Desoto Avenue to the proposed were adopted during the year, totaling that the adopted mileage will be con- Foothill Freeway (public hearing held 22.3 miles and representing an esti- siderably increased in 1964, on the January 9, 1964); and from the Route mated cost of $109 million. Routes basis of a number of route studies 126 Freeway near Saticoy to First adopted were: nearing completion. The year got off Street near Moorpark. to start with the holding of three —On January 23, a 2.7-mile section a fast routes in Century FYeez.vay (Route 42) from of the Glendale Freeway. from Ard- public hearings on freeway Pacific Coast Freeway to Santa Ana more Avenue to Glendale Boulevard, the first 1 S days. Freeway, public hearing held June 5, estimated to cost $27.5 million. Cons4rue4ion Progress 1963. —On May 2'2, a portion of the Pa- There were continued developments Route 126 FYeeavay from Santa cific Coast Freeway in Orange County, in the field of Portland cement con- Paula city limit to the Los Angeles from 0.8 mile south of MacArthur crete paving construction during the county line, public hearings held June Boulevard to 0.2 mile north of Adams year. On two projects on the Santa 26, 1963, and January 15, 1964. Boulevard, 10.2 miles, estimated to cost 10~1onica Freeway aturbine-type mixer Oxnard Bypass, public hearings held $63.4 million. was used in the concrete batch plant. September 18, 1963, and January 1 S, —On June 26, a 9.4-mile section of This unit proved successful in produc- 1964. the Route 126 Freeway between the ing aconsistent, well-mixed concrete San Gabriel River Freeway (Route Golden State and Antelope Valley for structure work, and the contractor 240) from the Garden Grove Freeway Freeways, estimated to cost $18 plans to use it for pavement concrete to Pacific Coast Freeway in Seal Beach. million. during 1964.

March-April 1964 21 Alow-profile batch plant has been installed on a San Diego Freeway can- tract near Long Beach, consisting of two eight-cubic-yard mixers which will he charged through the use of belts. Production has not yet started, but it was reported that a similar unit was successful in another district. Also during the year a slip-form paving machine was used for the first time in this district on a freeway widening project. The machine is cur- .,~ ---- - x ~ , rently "~~------n being used successfully on a „_ .~ '~ti. Santa Ana Freeway contract, and the coneractor plans to use it on a similar job in the near future. The construction industry is working to develop equipment capable of placing plastic strips to form the transverse joints in concrete paving and thereby eliminate the need of sawing joints. A similar method of forming the longitudinal joints in multilane An interchange between the Golden State Freeway and fhe future Route 126 Freeway is under construc- paving operations has been success- tion at Castaic, on the Ridge Route north of San Fernando. The project is part of e program to improve fully used for some time. Transverse the Golden State (Inferstaie Route 5) ?o full freeway standards between San Fernando and the Kern county line. joints were placed in this manner on one section of the San Diego ~'reewav, and the finished product was of fairly good quality. Suppliers are continuing to develop techniques and equipment. Another experimental project was started to determine the value of expansive-type cement in the Portland cement concrete pavement construction and to employ plastic sheeting as a curing agent. This experiment, conducted on the Antelope galley Free- ~~ay, will evaluate the effect, if any, of expansive cement upon the place- ment, curing and cracking of Portland cement concrete pavements. Trans- verse joints were eliminated in this experiment and the slab was allowed to crack at random. To date no significant effects have become evident. Experiments in slope stabilization were started during the year, using new types of mulch to control severe erosion due to ocean fogs and winds. One special mulch consisted of proc- essed garbage and refuse; another was a wood pulp derivative. Grass seed was introduced into the stabilizing material and the mulches were sprayed on a test slope. No major problem was encountered in the application of the The Route 126 Freeway is under construction northeas4ward from Saticoy Po Santa Paula f6rough the materials; but conclusive results of the Santa Clara River valley in Ventura County. This 8.5-mile project, under contract for nearly $7,000,000, will be completed in mid-1965. This view is westward along }he completed section toward Ventura. experiment are not yet available.

22 California Highways and Public Works Within the sight-of-way of the famous freeway interchange, the Four-Level Structure in downtown Los Angelet, plantings have created parkPike areas to beautify this part of fhe city.

Maintenance In the 1962-63 fiscal year sweeping them full time, was required to main- Maintenance costs in District VII and trash pickup by state forces cost tain the barrier fence. continued to increase as added high- $749,121, and cities spent $286,606 on Early in 1964 afive-mile section of way mileage resulted in a greater vol- city-maintained routes, for a grand cable chain link barrier was being in- ume of work. Expenditures in the total of $1,035,727. stalled on the Ventura Freeway west 1962-63 fiscal year totaled approxi- of Reseda Boulevard in the San Fer- mately $9,700,000, about 18 percent Median Barriers Installation nando Valley, which will complete the more than the preceding year. of median barriers as a safety feature on freeways continued barrier on this freeway almost to the The district maintained 1,527 _cen- in 1963, and at the yearend there were Ventura county line. A special feature terline miles of roadway, equal to ap- 145 miles of cable chain link barriers of the project is the provision for re- proximately 2,336 miles of compar- and 30 miles of blocked-out metal moval of a 40-foot section of the bar- able two -lane roadway. Included in beam barriers in District VII. rier to permit the crossing of huge the total were 559 conventional t~vo- Repairs to these barriers, resulting rocket boosters being transported in lane miles and 671 miles of four or from accidents, cost $362,627 during the vicinity. The barrier design was more lanes, with an additional 448 the year. Of this amount, $309,760 was modified to expedite the removal and miles of ramp and collector roads. collected or considered collectible replacement of the posts for this pur- Other major items covered in the from 85 percent of the known motor- pose. year's operations were 196 miles of ists responsible for the damage. Ex- Right of Way guardrail, 130 miles of cable chain link pense to the State was $52,867 in cases During the year the district invested median barrier fence, 30 miles of where responsibility could not be fixed $64,229,000 in 2,104 parcels of prop- blocked-out metal beam median bar- or where damages could not be col- erty required for the freeway pro- rier, and 2,77 curb miles of sweeping. lect~d. Cost of repairing the cable gram, an average price of $30,527 per District forces also cared for 1,453 chain link fence averaged $2.75 per parcel. Some of the larger right-of- acres of landscaping, 4,654 acres of foot. Median barrier repairs consti- way expenditures were for the fol- roadside, and nearly 50,000 trees. tuted about 90 percent of the loss re- lowing freeways: Cost of clearing state highway ports filed in the district each month. Artesia ______.____ $10,560,000 routes of debris continued to increase. A working force of 40 men, 35 of Colorado ______8,504,000

March-April 1964 28 San Gabriel River_.___.______$5,544,000 For the Route Planning and Design The program of relocation advisory Foothill ______4,274,000 Departments, 196 estimates of prop- assistance was actively carried on dur- Garden Grove 3,691;000 erty values were made, on 87,581 paring the year to help families required Property appraisers noted that real cels, valued at $3,600,000,000. to vacate state-owned property. As- estate values have continued to in- Sales of excess lands and buildings sistance in finding new homes is of- crease until the cost of right-of-way resulted in a gross return of more than fered directly to those affected, and required for freeway projects in the $5,000,000, most of it from the sale of the State also works indirectly by co- metropolitan area now exceeds con- 452 parcels of property at public auc- ordinating its efforts with the city struction costs by as much as 50 to tion. agencies concerned. 300 percent. There has also been a Rental of state-owned property av- One phase of the program is to dis- considerable rise in suburban property eraged 3,000 active accounts during seminate information to community values. As a result, right-of-way costs, the year, and resulted in revenue of groups and public agencies by speak- more than ever before, are controlling approximately $3,000,000. The leasing ers. More than 1,100 information let- factors in freeway route location. of 31 parking areas located beneath ters were sent, and reports were made The Right of Way Department the viaduct section of the Santa Mon- to cities, redevelopment agencies and appraised 1,496 parcels of property ica Freeway in downtown Los Angeles other organizations. having a total appraised value of $42,- brought in approximately $15,000 a Landscaping month, or $180,000 a year. 500,000. Roadside beautification takes on added significance each year as the freeway network expands. In District VII, 13 contracts were awarded in 1963 for landscaping, functional and tree-planting work, at a cost of $1,- 300,000. These projects included 33 miles, or 244 acres of plantings. One example of the year's activity was the landscaping of the recently completed Ventura Freeway in the City of Ventura. This illustrated the purposes of such development: to make the freeways attractive to motorists, to contribute to the esthetic values of the community, to maintain or enhance the values of adjacent properties, and to prevent erosion of slapes. As a result of the project in Ventura, the drive through the city is considered one of the most scenic in Southern California. Elsewhere in District VII, the landscaping of the Pasadena—Golden State Freeway interchange was completed; work was started in the Santa Monica— Harbor Freeway interchange; planting in the Hollywood—Ventura Free- way interchange area was completed and extended to the temporary end of the Hollywood Freeway at Mag- nolia Boulevard. Planting was done in the San Diego—Ventura Freeway interchange area, and there was a seven- mile tree planting project on the New- port Freeway between the Santa Ana and Riverside Freeways. Transporta4ion STudy Along with the planting, design and construction of the California freeway and expressway system, the Divi- Landscaping beautifies the space between business buildings and the right-of-way along the Harbor .coordinating Freeway in downtown Los Angeles. The view is northward toward the Four•Level Interchange. sion of Highways is the

24, California Highways and Public Works Los Angeles Regional Transportation Study. The LARTS project, underway since January 1960, is moving forward with the cooperation of the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, San Bernardino, and Riverside, and 122 cities in these counties. It was organized along the same lines as other successful state—local studies, with an advisory committee of local officials from public and private agencies. Its purpose is to determine the present and future needs for moving people and goods in the greater Los Angeles area by relating these movements to distribution of land uses, population, employment, and other factors affecting travel. The study has been established as a. continuous planning operation utilizing new data and methods in an orderly program of updating. Steps are now being taken to insure LARTS' compliance with the 1962 Federal Highway Act. To qualify for Completion of the Ventura Freeway ?hrough the Ciiy of Ventura Iasi June relieved tragic congestion on federal highway funds, each urban city streets and gave motorists a scenic drive along the shore. This view is southeast along the new freeway, with the Ojai Freeway curving ofi to the left. area of over 50,000 population must have a continuous comprehensive transportation planning process in operation by July 1965. There are 11 such areas in California, three of them in the LARTS study area. The first major phase of the study, LARTS Base Year 1960 Report, has been completed. An article summariz- ing these results appears in this issue of California High~zuays and Public Works. The report contains four chapters and a separately bound appendix. The first chapter, an introduction and summary, includes a brief statement of the problem, the purpose, the study strat- egy, the results, and the success of the study thus far. The second is a discussion of the organization and financing of the study. The third gives the present and historical background of the LARTS study area, including topography, climate, transportation, and a review of its people and econ- omy from 1770 to 1960. Chapter four describes the methods, reliability, availability, and use of results. The appendix is primarily a technical dis- this scenic spot on the Ventura Expressway (Rouse 101) of the Ventura—Santa Barbara county line, is planned for conversion to full freeway. the planting in the median complements the natural growth in cussion of methods and results, with this seaside area.

March-,4pri1 1964 25 Disfricl Vll's first freeway opening of 1964 was a 1.8-mile segment of the San Diego Freeway between fhe Long Beach Freeway and Atlantic Avenue in Long BeacR, on January 15. From Atlantic Avenue (center of photo) fhe freeway is under consfruciion to the Orange county line, a distance of 5.4 miles, with completion expected in ?he latter parf of this year. Further construction is in progress across Orange County as far as Beach Boulevard in ~Nesfminster.

emphasis on the adjustments and mod- Current Outlook 1,570 miles, representing an invest- ifications required. District VII is working to provide ment of $5,200,000,000. The results contained in this report a highway transportation system for Late in January, 1964, going con- serve to illustrate the methods, dem- Los Angeles, Orange and Ventura tracts in the district totaled $148,000,- onstrate the relationships between Counties to serve a population which 000, of which about $132,000,000 was land use and transportation which pro- is now 7,895,000 and which seems for construction of 58 miles of free- vide the basis for projecting future likely to double by 1980. More than ways. It is estimated that about 22 traffic, and exemplify the types and 4,400,000 motor vehicles of all types miles of the system will be completed extent of detailed information avail- are now in operation, and there will in 1964, of which more than 17 miles able to the study participants. T'he be twice as many in 1980. will be on interstate routes. The drop next report, due later this year, will While these increases are taking in completed mileage from one year contain projections to 1980 of popu- place, the California freeway and ex- to the next does not indicate a smaller lation, employment and land use, and press system in the district will be program, but merely means that proj- an analysis of the resulting travel pat- expanded from the present 430 miles, ect completion dates may or may not terns. built at a cost of $1,400,000,000, to fall within a given year.

26 C'~rli~ornia Highways and Public Works The annual highway improvement Within this nine-mile stretch, one Pasadena, Foothill, Colorado and Long program, as indicated by the 1964-65 first-stage contract, for an overcross- Beach Freeways. fiscal year budget, is $173,000,000, of ing and approaches at 195th Street and A two-mile section north of Pasa- which .$100,000,000 is for construction Centralia Road, is due to be finished dena between Hampton Road and and $73,000,000 for acquiring right- in May 1964. Montana Street is constructed, and of-way. The size of the program is The northerly extension of the San the route has been adopted .from the expected to increase in coming years Gabriel River Freeway, 5.4 miles in Golden State Freeway east to Foothill as it progresses toward completion of length, between the San Bernardino Place near ~Iansen Dam, and from the interstate system routes by 1972, Freeway and the future Foothill Free- Michillinda Avenue in Arcadia to the and completion of the entire Cali- way, is being designed and right-of- San Bernardino Freeway near the fornia freeway and expressway system way is being acquired. This section, county line. These adopted sections, by 1980., not on the interstate system, is now totaling about 40 miles, are being de- designated as Route 243. Construction signed. Ultimate cost of the route will INTERSYAYE ffREEMlAYS is about four years in the future. exceed $243,000,000. San Gabriel Rev~r Frceoroay (ln7ersfaTe 605) Similarly, the southern extension, A -freeway agreement has been Construction work is being pushed from the San Diego Freeway to the signed with the City of Pasadena for on this north-south route which will Pacific Coast Highway, is noninter- the route between Marengo Avenue connect two other interstate routes, state. It is now designated as route 240. and the east city boundary near Eaton the San Bernardino and San Diego Studies leading to adoption of the Wash. A freeway agreement. also has Freeways, in southeastern Los Ange- route are in a preliminary stage. been completed with the City of Ar- cadia for the section between Michil- les County and a corner of Orange When completed, the San Gabriel linda Avenue and Fifth Avenue. Ac- County. Construction is underway for River Freeway will represent an in- quisition of right-of-way has started 12 miles from the San Bernardino ~'ree- vestment of more than $128,000,000 in Pasadena, and is well along in the way in El Monte south to 166th Street for construction and rights-of-way. in Dairy Valley. There are four going Arcadia area. Construction in this area contracts, amounting to more than Foothill Freeway (In4ersfafe 210) is expected to start in about five years. $24,000,000, with completion dates Public hearings will be held by mid- The main line of the Atchison, To- falling between mid-1964 and late 1964 on two segments of this route in peka and Santa Fe Railroad is to be 1965. One project includes an inter- the expectation of completing adop- depressed alongside the freeway be- change with the Santa Ana Freeway. tion of the entire 53 miles within Los tween .Marengo Avenue and Wilson Angeles County this year. The por- Avenue, and throughout the Three more projects, totaling nearly section tions under study area 10.5-mile sec- between Eaton Wash and Santa Anita $23,000,000, will be started later this tion in the Sunland-Tujunga, Montrose Avenue in Arcadia the railroad will be year, extending construction for an- and La Canada communities between relocated in the median area of the other nine miles to the Orange county Foothill Place and Hampton Road, freeway. This will not be a longitudi- line, and including an interchange with and a short piece in Pasadena which nal encroachment as the railroad right- with the future Artesia Freeway. will be part of an interchange of the of-way will be excluded from the free-

Mo4orisfs crossing }he Vincent Thomas bridge spanning los Angeles Harbor have this view of San Pedro as 4Psey pass the 4011 pPasa on Terminal Island. This $21,000,000 s#ructure was dedicated Sep4ember 28, 1963, and opened to traffic November I5.

/V~arch-April 1964 ~7 way right-of-way. The tracks will be depressed between Marengo and Wil- son Avenues to avoid railroad grade crossings immediately adjacent to ramp connections to city streets. Re- location of the railroad to the median area is to facilitate design of the Rose- mead Boulevard interchange. Steps are being taken to move the old Santa Anita railroad station, once used by Lucky Baldwin, to the State and County Arboretum property.

Santa Monies Freeway (Inferstafe 70) All of the uncompleted part of this freeway, about 12 miles between Ver- mont Avenue in Los Angeles and the western terminus in the City of Santa Monica, is under construction. Work began early this year on the last contract, covering 3.6 miles between Sawtelle Boulevard in West Los An- geles and the Pacific Coast Highway. The four contracts now under way amount to more than $3 3,000,000. The freeway is completed for 4.3 miles eastward from Vermont Avenue The hearP of the freeway network in Orange Courvty, the Santa Ana—Garden Grove—Orange Freeway to the East Los Angeles Interchange, Interchange, will be completed in the latter part of this year. Looking eost, the Santa Ana and Garden Grove separation is of top right of photo. The completed section of the Garden Grove Freeway (left including an interchange with the center) will be extended westward across Orange County. the Orange Freeway will be construcPed in Harbor Freeway. this area later. The most extensive construction project now in progress is the interchange with the San Diego Freeway in West Los Angeles, which will •be completed early in 1965. It may be possible, however, to open the freeway to traffic from Vermont Avenue west to La Cienega Boulevard in the latter part of this year. Completion of the entire 17-mile route between Los An- geles and Santa Monica, at a cost of about $202,000,000, is expected late in 1965 or early in 1966.

San Diego Freeway (Inters4afe 405) This important Interstate route extends for 93.6 miles in District VII from the Golden State Freeway north of San Fernando to the San Diego county line at San Clemente. It is completed for about 43 miles from its northern terminus to Atlantic Avenue, east of the Long Beach Freeway, and is under construction southeastward to Beach Boulevard in Westminster. Construction will start soon on a first-stage embankment contract for portions of the route between Beach This 1.5-mile section of the Garden Gsove Freeway in Orange County bePween Garden Grove Boulevard Boulevard and Harbor Boulevard in near Kno}f Avenue and Newland Street will be completed IaPe in June this year. If now appears fo be Costa Mesa. Construction on the 17.5- isolated, but work will soon be in progress to eonnecP this section with the rest of the route. View is stretch from Beach Boulevard to eastward. Garden Grove Boulevard aP left. mile

28 ~plifornia Highways and Public Works the Santa Ana Freeway will be accomplished in four projects, expected to start progressively during the next four fiscal years. The freeway is completed southward from its junction with the Santa Ana Freeway near Irvine to the county line. This 22-mile stretch will be widened to eight lanes, starting in the next two or three years. When completed, this freeway will represent an investment of approximately $3 7 2,000,000.

Santa Ana Freeway (Infersta4e 5) Continuing a program that has been in progress for several years, this freeway is being widened for a distance of about 10 miles, between Main Street in Santa Ana and Laguna Canyon Road. This work, being done in two contracts, will be completed in the late spring of this year. The widening will be continued in coming years to the junction of the San Diego Freeway near Irvine. Work on the Santa Ana—Garden Grove—Orange Freeway interchange, The Yorba Linda Freeway, opened in February 1963, serves a rural area in northern Orange County where new homes are being built among citrus orchards and small farms. This 2.3-mile section of free- heart of the freeway network in Or- way extends from Orongethorpe Avenue, lower left, to the Yorbo Linda community, top center. Orange- ange County, is scheduled to be fin- thorpe is only one mile from the east-west Riverside Freeway. ished in September at a cost of almost $11,004,000. The principal contract Noveri~ber 8. The route is now in 1~e route, which has been in service covers 1.5 miles on the Santa Ana operation as a freeway for 27.7 miles for a number of years, has been wid- Freeway between the Santa Ana River from the East Los Angeles Interchange ened for a considerable distance as and Main Street, and about one mile to the San Diego Freeway, and con- traffic increased, and other such proj- on the Garden Grove Freeway from tinues as an expressway north to the ects are planned. The 196465 fiscal Bristol Street to Main Street. This Kern county line. Total distance in year budget includes $660,000 for re- $7,201,100 job started in August 1962. this district is 73 miles. construction of part of the Vincent The interchange complex includes 16 Conversion of the expressway mile- Avenue interchange in West Covina. bridge structures. age to full freeway standards is in There is a separation NON-IW4ERSTATE FREEWAYS for the Santa Ana and Orange Free- progress. Work started last June on ways, another for the Santa Ana and a $5,646,609 project covering 3.7 miles Antelope Valley Freeway (Route 14) Garden Grove Freeways, and a third in the Castaic area. The job also in- The first section of this freeway, at Main Street and the Garden Grove cludes 0.8 mile of the Route 126 Free- which will bring the high desert coun- Freeway. The Orange Freeway is ex- way and an interchange, to be finished try of northern Los Angeles County pected to be constructed in this area in early 1965. This project is the first closer to the metropolitan area, was by 1970. of 14 planned to convert the Golden opened to traffic last October. This State to an eight-lane freeway. 14.4-mile segment, between Another contract in the interchange Solemint A contract for widening a 1.3-mile and Red Rover Mine Road, com- area, including 0.8 mile of the Garden was segment of the freeway in Burbank pleted in two contracts totaling Grove Freeway, four bridges and and Glendale from six lanes to eight $14,786,000. widening of the existing Santa Ana lanes started early this year. River bridge, was completed in mid- Work is in progress on another 7.9 1963 at a contract cost of $3,620,000. Snn Bernardino Freeway (Interstate 10) miles which will extend the freeway This major east-west route extends northward to a junction with the Golden Stare Freeway (Interstate 5) from the Golden State Freeway near Angeles Forest Highway near Vin- This Interstate route was completed the East Los Angeles Interchange cent. This $4,978,887 contract also through the San Fernando Valley across Los Angeles County to the San includes widening the existing Sierra when the 6.2-mile link from Osborne Bernardino county line. The mileage Highway to four lanes for about 0.7 Street in Pacoima to the junction with in this district is 30 miles, on which mile between the Angeles Forest the San Diego Freeway north of San more than $63,000,000 has been ex- Highway and the Pearblossom High- Fernando was opened to traffic last pended. way. This job is due for completion

March-April 1964 29 By the middle of this year a $1,400,- 000 project will be started to construct an interchange at Dowling Ave- nue in Anaheim. At this location the four-lane expressway will be converted to six-lane freeway. Early in 1965 it is proposed to widen the expressway to six lanes between Lemon Street and Placentia, and to convert to six lane freeway from Placentia to Newport Freeway, all included in a $5,100,000 project covering 5.8 miles. Some time after 1970 the full freeway will be extended all the way to Riverside County.

Rou4e 134 Freeway This route has been known unoffi- cially as the Colorado Freeway. Design of the portion which will form an eastward extension of the Ventura Freeway from the Golden Mate Freeway through Eagle Rock to the future Foothill Freeway in Pasadena, is well underway. First work, expected to start late this year, will be construction of a bridge at Jackson Street in Glendale, preparatory to extending Monterey Road a short distance westward. A project including an interchange with the Golden State Freeway and bridges across the Los Angeles River for a connection to San Fernando Road is expected to be budgeted the following year. The next project probably will extend the freeway east of San Fer- nando Road to the vicinity of Glen- dale Avenue. Most of the right-of-way These massive columns will support a sfrucTure of the interchange be►weep the Santa Ana and San for these three projects has been Gobrief River Freeways, now under construction in the Santa Fe Springs area. acquired. in the spring of 1965. The next step, Freeway the route has not been In the Glendale area this freeway for which $5,100,000 is budgeted, will adopted. will interchange with the north-south be to construct the freeway to Ave- From Alameda •.Street east to the Glendale Freeway. The section be- nue P-8 in Palmdale. Santa Ana Freeway the freeway is tween the Glendale Freeway and Ave- (For details on this freeway see ar- being designed in five sections, and nue 64 is generally on a side hill over- ticle in California Highways and Pub- construction is expected to start in the looking the Eagle Rock district. lic Works, January-February, 1964.) 1965-66 fiscal year and be completed Design is proceeding on the basis of by 1970. It is planned as a six-lane and split-level roadways and the use of Ar4esia-Riverside Freeway (Route 99) eight-lane facility. bin-type retaining walls to avoid un- The westerly portion of this route, The Riverside Freeway extends 14 sightly cuts. sometimes called the Artesia Freeway, miles from the Santa Ana Freeway to The section between Avenue 64 and extends 21.6 miles between the Santa the Riverside county line, and beyond, Orange Crove Avenue, built some Ana and San Diego Freeways. It is in another district, to the City of years ago as a four-lane facility, will constructed as a four-lane and six-lane Riverside. From the Santa Ana Free- be reconstructed to eight lanes. Con- expressway for 4.8 miles between way to Harbor Boulevard,.a distance sideration also will be given to widen- Normandie Avenue and Alameda of 5.7 miles, the route is full freeway; ing the existing Pioneer Bridge over Street. This is to be converted to a the remaining mileage in this district the Arroyo Seco in Pasadena without freeway in six or seven years. From is expressway, which will be con- interfering with the old Colorado Normandie Avenue to the San Diego verted to freeway. Street Bridge.

30 California Highways and Public Works (A report on the effect of this proposed freeway on land values and real estate activity in Glendale appears elsewhere in this issue.)

Garden Grove Freeway (Route 22) This freeway is being built as an east-west route to connect the Pacific Coast Highway in Los Angeles County with the Santa Ana and Newport Free- ways in Orange County, a distance of about 1 S miles. A short section of about 0.8 mile in the vicinity of the Santa Ana Freeway was completed last August. Construction is underway for 1.5 miles between Garden Grove Boule- vard near Knott Avenue and Newland Street, to be completed in mid-1964 at a cost of $3,744,806. Work will start early this year on a one-mile section from Haster Street to Man- chester Avenue, and by the middle of the year it is expected that three more contracts will be in progress, covering a distance of 4.7 miles from Haster Street to Newland Street. It is anticipated that funds to com- Looking south along the San Gabriel River Freeway under construction. Rose Hills Road crossing is in plete the freeway to its eastern termi- center, and WhitPier Narrows Dam is at the left. nus at the Newport Freeway will be provided in the 1965-66 budget. Con- struction of the westernmost two miles between the Pacific Coast High- way and the San Diego Freeway probably will start after 1970.

Glendale Freeway (Route 2) The Glendale Freeway, a part of the new Route 2, will extend fora distance of 12.2 miles from the Holly- wood Freeway through the Silver Lake District of Los Angeles and through the City of Glendale to a connection with the proposed Foot- hill Freeway (Interstate 210). The existing six-lane 2.4-mile section between the Los Angeles River and Avenue 36 will be widened to eight lanes at an estimated cost of $1,500,000. Design work is in progress on two portions of the route totaling 9.1 miles. The section from the Holly- wood Freeway to Glendale Boulevard will include an interchange with the Hollywood Freeway near Vermont Avenue. The other section extends from Avenue 36 to Foothill Boule- Interchange begins to take shape ai Valley Boulevard as the San Gabriel River Freeway construction is vard. being pushed in southeastern Los Angeles County.

March-April 1964 31 Freeway agreements have been exe- Freeway in the general vicinity of the far construction of part of an inter- cuted with the City of Glendale for a existing Beach Boulevard. A public change with the San Diego Freeway. portion of an interchange between the hearing is expected to be held in the The exact western terminus of the Glendale and Colorado Freeways. latter part of 1964 on the portion of route depends on the location ulti- Other necessary agreements are ex- the route between the Pacific Coast mately selected for the Pacific Coast pected to be executed by mid-1964. Highway and the Garden Grove Free- Freeway in the area. way. Studies on the northern part of Harbor Freeway (Route 11) Location studies are in progress on the route will be presented at a later the eastern part of the route between This freeway, which connects public hearing. the San Diego and San Gabriel River downtown Los Angeles with the har- Freeways. bor district, was completed in 1962 Long Beach Freeway (Route 7) from the Four-Level Structure to San The Long Beach Freeway, in opera- Newport Freeway (Route 55) Pedro, a distance of 22 miles, at a tion for several years between the This north-south route in Orange cost of $104,600,000. City of Long Beach and the San Ber- County is completed from the River- Design of a project to widen a four- nardino Freeway, will be extended side Freeway to the Santa Ana Free- north lane section between Battery Street to the Foothill Freeway in Pasa- way, adistance of 6.6 miles, and is and Pacific Coast Highway to six lanes dena, and southwest to the Harbor under construction south for another is nearing completion. Freeway in San Pedro. The section two miles to Warner Avenue. This An interchange between this free- between Long Beach and San Pedro, section is due for completion late in way and the Long Beach Freeway to including the completed Terminal 1964, and construction is expected to Island Bridge, the west of the recently completed formerly was referred start early in 1965 on a 3.9-mile proj- Vincent Thomas Bridge is being de- to as the Seaside Freeway. ect from Warner Avenue to Bristol signed. Construction started late in 1963 on Street—Palisades Road. When com- a one-mile extension of the freeway pleted, this freeway will be 17.7 miles Hollywood Freeway (Route 101-170) north from the San Bernardino Free- com- in length, extending southward to the The Hollywood Freeway, way to Valley Boulevard. The route Street in down- Pacific Coast Freeway, and carrying pleted from Spring has been adopted for another 1.1 miles Boule- traffic on four lanes, with provision town Los Angeles to Magnolia to Huntington Drive, and is under will be for widening to six lanes. vard in North Hollywood, study north to Foothill Boulevard. toward its under construction in 1964 This latter section, on which a public Ojai Freeway (Route 33) Golden State Free- junction with the hearing will be held this spring, will This freeway is completed for four work to start way in Pacoima. First include an interchange of the Long miles north of Ventura to Mills embankment will be construction of Beach, Pasadena, Colorado and Foot- School. An interchange with the Ven- Canyon Boulevard to the from Laurel hill Freeways in the Pasadena area. tura Freeway was opened in June terminus, cooperative proj- northern a Construction of this interchange will 1963. The route is adopted for 11 Angeles City De- ect in which the Los be a major step in linking the free- miles from Mills School to Cozy Dell Water and Power will partment of ways of the district into a smoothly Canyon, northwest of Ojai, and this yards of earth supply 1,250,000 cubic operating system, and will provide section is being designed. Location of Spreading Grounds. from its Tujunga many new alternate routes of travel. the remainder of the route in this dis- The next step, to be started later in trict, extending to the Santa Barbara Meanwhile there are plans to start the year, will be the construction of county line, has not been adopted. next year on the job of widening the the 2.5-mile freeway section between freeway from six to for Orange Freeway (Route 57) Magnolia Boulevard and Victory Bou- eight lanes a distance of between levard. Alater contract will cover the 13.4 miles the This proposed north-south route construction from Victory Boulevard Santa Ana and San Diego Freeways, will be important to eastern Los An- at an estimated cost of $4,500,000. to the Golden State Freeway. geles and Orange counties. It will extend south from the Pomona Freeway Preparations are being made to Marina-Slauson Freeway (Route 40) crossing the proposed Yorba Linda widen the Hollywood Freeway from The new Route 90 Freeway will Freeway and the existing Riverside six lanes to eight lanes in the Holly- combine the old Marina Freeway Freeway, wood area, from Sunset Boulevard to which was a part of former Route passing through the Santa the Pilgrimage Bridge. The first proj- 60, and the Slauson Freeway, former Ana—Garden Grove interchange, and ect will be to add one outbound lane Route 221. Route 90 is planned to ex- continuing south to the Pacific Coast in the two-mile section from Franklin tend for a distance of 22.2 miles be- Highway. The route has been adopted Avenue to the Pilgrimage Bridge, for tween the Pacific Coast Freeway, and for a distance of about 20 miles be- which $800,000 is budgeted. the San Gabriel River Freeway. The tween the Pomona and Santa Ana miles, between Huntington Beach Freeway (RouTe 39) westernmost 2.6 Lin- Freeways. The route between the Route location studies were started coln Boulevard and the San Diego Santa Ana and Pomona Freeways is in 1958 on this north-south route Freeway, has been adopted, design being designed in six sections, with which is planned to connect the Pa- work is in progress, and right-of-way construction several years in the cific Coast Highway and the Foothill has been acquired. Funds are budgeted future.

32 California Highways and Public Works Division of Highways snow removal equipment keeps mountain roads open during fhe winter months as thousands of snow sports enihusiasis drive to recreation areas in Los Angeles County. One of the popular routes is the Angeles Crest Highway, pictured here as it was last December.

Pacific CoasT Freeway (Route 1) Sion hearing on adoption of route, freeway alignments involving earth This is the longest freeway planned about 22 miles, was held in Santa fills and embankments, beach widening in District VII; it will extend about Monica February 25, 1964, and two and structures. Initial casts were esti- 113 miles from the Ventura Freeway district hearings were held in 1961. mated at from $121,000,000 to $408; north of Oxnard to Serra Junction at Malibu Canyon Road to terminus 000,000. The report concluded that: Capistrano Beach, in Orange County. of the Santa Monica Freeway in the 1. It is engineeringly feasible to The only portions constructed to date City of Santa Monica: In addition to construct the proposed freeway on a area 6.8-mile section south of Oxnard conventional inland locations, route marine alignment. and a connection between the Pacific location studies on this 13-mile section Coast Highway and the San Diego 2. A joint highway-recreational fa- are considering the possibility of lo- cility extending from Santa Monica to Freeway in Capistrano Beach. Adopted cating all or part of the freeway on portions of the route total 31 miles. Malibu would enhance the recreational a causeway offshore in the ocean; an potential of the area. Briefly, the status of the route, from alignment along the existing shoreline north to south in the district, is as on a widened beach; or various com- 3. Maintenance and sand bypassing follows: binations of causeway and shoreline operations in connection with each of are feasible. E1 Rio to Oxnard: location of the locations. the plans considered route is being considered in connec- In 1961 the U.S. Army Corps of 4. It is not expected that building tion with the Oxnard Bypass, on Engineers was engaged by the Divi- any of the considered projects would which two public hearings have been sion of Highways to study the feasi- pose insurmountable problems to the held. bility of the marine locations. A report construction industry. Oxnard to Calleguas Creek, 6.8 miles of this study, received in November From Santa Monica south to the constructed in 1957. 1963, is being reviewed by the division end of the route, location studies are Conversion of the existing three- and by other interested state agencies. being made except in the following lane Pacific Coast Highway to free- This report covers only the marine areas: 10 miles in Orange County way standards in the vicinity of Point phase of the project. Conventional (Huntington Beach—Newport Beach) Mugu Naval Station is planned for the land locations are being studied by already adopted; 14 miles between El future. the division. Segundo and the Harbor Freeway in Calleguas Creek to Malibu Canyon The Corps of Engineers investigated Wilmington; and about 3 miles be- Road: California Highway Commis- nine alternate offshore and onshore tween the Marina del Rey and Olym-

March-April 1964 33

Public Public Works 34 34 and and California California Highways Highways

front- of of overcrossings, overcrossings, interchanges, interchanges, this this freeway. served served by by material excess excess using using interchange, interchange,

be will will the the for for construction Valley Valley Seven Seven Simi Simi projects projects entire entire the the time time Boulevard Atlantic Atlantic of of the the vicinity vicinity the the

sarliich 1970, 1970, at at by by anticipated anticipated is is Road Road in progress progress in in is is work work costing costing Embankment Embankment $530,000.

Madera

to to west west miles miles fartY. fartY. five five

was was interchange, Road Road the the Chesebro Chesebro

pated.

route

the the of of

Cor,oletion Cor,oletion date. date.

possible possible

project The The completed completed most most recently recently antici- is is Freeway Freeway Ana Ana Santa Santa of of

the the

earliest at at

Susana Susana the the Santa Santa

of of munity munity

freeway. Glendale Glendale be be to to will will Ventura Ventura parts and and Freeway Freeway Bernardino Bernardino San San

the the

the__com-

to to

service service traffic traffic providing providing

few few 75 75 from years years miles miles entire entire the the to relief relief traffic traffic Substantial Substantial 1966. 1966. in in

late late

thus

time, time,

same same

at at

the the completion completion

for for

this this next route route the the to to Within Within point freeway. freeway. that that to to opened opened be be to to expected expected

is is

timed

are are

projects projects

The The

two two year. year.

fiscal fiscal

in in of converting converting portions portions and expressway expressway Freeway, Freeway, River River Gabriel Gabriel

San San the the to to

-67

1966

the the

in in

starting starting construction construction

Progress Progress year area the the during during San San continued continued Gabriel Gabriel South South the the in in Drive Drive

for

scheduled scheduled

is is tentatively tentatively

Street Street

Arroyo from from section section -mile -mile four the the for for

is is line line under under

freeway. as as design design

Tapo Drive Drive and and

Kuehner Kuehner

between between

is is budgeted Freeway Freeway Pomona Pomona The The

to to

extending extending county Santa Santa the the

Barbara Barbara

segment three -mile -mile adjoining adjoining

The The

of of -lane -lane four and and expressway highway highway project. 000 000

the the work.

finance finance to to

quired quired of of North North a a Ventura Ventura 10 section -mile -mile this this $10,000,- of of part part is is also also Boulevard Boulevard

re-

be be will will

$12,000,000 $12,000,000

estimated estimated

An An mileage. Olympic and and Street Street Third Third between between

started. project project

first first

the the be be

will will

Pass, Pass, connect connect with with completed Freeway Beach Beach previously previously Long Long the the of of Widening Widening

Susana Santa Santa

the the

including including

Valley, Valley, short short a a and and Freeway. to of of Beach Beach route route section section that that Long Long the the with with change change

Fernando San San west west

the the in in

Avenue Avenue interchange interchange inter- an an the the afour Freeway with with Ojai Ojai -level -level including including Avenue, Avenue,

Susana

Santa Santa and and

the the valley valley of of

end end The The Woods to to included construction construction latest latest construction construction freeway freeway extend extend

eastern the the in in Drive Drive

Kuehner Kuehner tween tween percent percent after after free~~vay free~~vay will started started the the recently recently opened. project project Another Another

be-

section section -mile -mile five A A

year. year. fiscal fiscal Thompson Thompson Boulevard Boulevard on on 50 decreased decreased

areas.

1965 -66

the the for for planned planned

is is Valley, Valley, Simi Simi

miles miles city city of of several several streets. streets. Traffic

Park

Monterey Monterey Montebello— the the in in

growing

rapidly rapidly the the serve serve to to route, route,

by by

off through through

traffic traffic standing standing taking taking

Avenues

Markland Markland and and Findlay Findlay tween tween

this this -west east

on on construction construction First First

a a bottleneck bottleneck of of nated nated traffic traffic long

be- route route the the along along placed placed

being being is is

118) (Route (Route Freeway Freeway Valley Valley Simi Simi

a a section section opened opened year year

earlier, earlier, elimi-

project this this from from material material bankment bankment

and and This This tura. tura. an an project, project,

adjoining

em- Excess Excess Avenue. Avenue. project. version version Downey Downey near near

the the route route of of the the

City City through through Ven-

a a con- Street freeway freeway of of part part as as area area Third Third to to Castaic Castaic Interchange Interchange Angeles Angeles

2.7 a a of of -mile -mile

section section

which which completed

the Los

in in East East the the construction construction under under from from is is way way

east east miles miles 2.2 2.2 way way

this this

on on

year year the the freeway freeway

was was opening

5) 5) Free- free- the the (Interstate (Interstate take take State State Golden Golden will will the the $8,000,000, $8,000,000, than than

most most

The The the of of important important

event event

with more of of interchange interchange cost cost a a at at An An adopted. adopted. been been years years two two about about in in

has completed route route the the be be Freeway Freeway (Route (Route Ventura Ventura to to 101) Valley Valley Freeway Freeway lope lope segment, segment, first first The The

Ante-

the the to to there there From From line. line. county county

$93,000,000. other other

intersections.

Angeles Los Los

the the and and Paula Paula Santa Santa

estimated estimated is is freeway freeway -mile -mile 30

without without

signals signals be be five at at will will

made made

this this

between freeway freeway of of miles miles 22 22

the

of of cost cost Ultimate Ultimate Freeways. Freeways. State State

for for

Sycamore Sycamore Drive. Drive.

Improvements

the the S S location location on on 1 1 January January more more Golden

and and

Ana Ana Santa Santa Monica, Monica, Santa Santa signals, signals,

with with is is

improvement, improvement,

planned

was was Fill- in in held held hearing hearing public public A A

the

into into

ties ties

it it end end Angeles Angeles Los Los the the and and traffic traffic A A signals signals installed. installed. similar

east. east.

and and

south south -1965. mid north, north, in in pleted pleted going going routes routes to to four four left left lanes lanes lanes, lanes, turn turn provided,

with connect connect

to to com- and and be be will will Riverside Riverside construction construction to to under under is is VII VII trict trict the the where where intersection intersection was was widened

Dis-

beyond beyond

Paula eastward eastward of of City City Santa Santa extend extend the the through through ward ward will will it it 60 60 May May Tapo Tapo in in at at Street Street Santa Santa Susana,

U.S. As As

1970. 1970.

northeast- by by Pomona Pomona 8.5 8.5 extending extending miles miles and and another another Angeles Angeles was was these these of of projects projects last completed completed

Los

link link

will will and that that 1963, 1963,

in in traffic traffic April April facility facility to to opened opened -west -west east the the traffic traffic valley. valley. in in congestion congestion First

-lane

eight an an

was

Freeway, Freeway, Saticoy, Saticoy, to to Ventura Ventura from from Pomona Pomona tion, tion, the the to to are are help help improved improved being being relieve

1963 1963 on in in

late late

sec-

started started

first first -mile -mile five Valley. Valley. The The Construction Construction River River the the existing existing Angeles Angeles Avenue, Avenue, facility,

Clara

the the Santa Santa Solemint, Solemint, via via near near 60) (Route (Route Pomona Pomona Freeway Freeway of of way, way, Los anumber anumber intersections intersections on on

Freeway Valley Valley

the the Antelope Antelope and and tura tura

of of construction construction Pending Pending the the free-

cerned.

Ven- at at Freeway Freeway Ventura Ventura the the

connect connect

by by $132,000,000 $132,000,000 1980.

proximately proximately

con- cities cities in in the the by by financed financed part part are are

to planned planned is is freeway freeway -mile -mile

51 This This

will will

47 freeway freeway to to -mile -mile amount amount ap- projects

these these of of Some Some system. system. signal signal

Freeway 126 126

Route Route

right -of and and -way -way this on on construction construction the to to improvements improvements shoulders, shoulders, wider wider

that that total total estimated estimated outlay outlay is is It It for Freeways. Orange Orange lanes, Corona Corona and and pocket pocket -turn -turn left Beach, Beach, for for enough enough

17 17 or or 16 16 miles. about about Huntington wide future future Saticoy, Saticoy, the the with with median median with with changes changes highway highway vided vided

126 126 Route Route the the inter- Freeway Freeway include include to to will will route route the the di- of of -lane -lane Road Road afour near provide provide objective objective to to portion portion is is

route, route, the the from from of of The The part part Drive. Drive. easterly Riverside Riverside general most most The The built. built. is is Madera near near line line freeway freeway the the fore fore

of of location location the the on on county year year Bernardino Bernardino the the be- this this interim interim San San the the in in to to western- Ranch Ranch facilities facilities traffic traffic ter ter

is is hearing hearing 9. 9. A A Diamond Diamond bet- Bar and and planned planned to to January January provide provide Puente Puente County County Heights, Heights, Orange Orange early ties ties in in

a a of of subject subject public public Hills, Hills, the the Hacienda Puente Puente Highway Highway facili- was was through through Coast Coast Pacific Pacific hearing way way existing existing

Dam, Dam, Hansen Hansen about about the the Free- of of to Pomona Pomona 11 11 of of improvements improvements portion portion ity ity program program of of a a miles, on on ing ing easterly easterly

Freeway Freeway in in Foothill Foothill the for for future future progressing progressing the the is is Highways Highways carry- is is work work of of Design Design Division Division The The vicin-

the the and and

Avenue Avenue route route of of Soto Soto the project. struction struction Freeway.

route route

the the

of of Location Location between between con- Freeway Freeway De Beach Beach Long Long the the from from Monica Santa Santa the the Boulevard Boulevard on on pic pic age roads and other elements required Will Host Kofman Renamed to for conversion of the expressway are San Diego underway or planned to start in the June WASHO Meeting Highway Commission first half of this year. Several others Highway leaders from Texas to Governor Edmund G. Brown has are in the design stage. Alaska and Hawaii will gather in San reappointed Abraham Kofman, pub- The last large freeway conversion Diego in mid-June for the 43d annual lisher of Alameda Ti~vtes-Star and San project, extending for 3.6 miles be- conference of the Western Associa- Leandro Morning News to the Cali- tween Vineyard Avenue in El Rio and tion of State Highway Officials. fornia Highway Commission for a the completed freeway section near The conference, which will take four-year term. Telephone Road in Montalvo, is fi- place at the El Hotel from nanced and will start early in 1965. Cortez will bring The work, to cost approximately June 15 through June 18, ad- $7,500,000 will require two years to together highway commissioners, legal and complete. It will include three inter- ministrators, staff engineers, the changes, an overhead crossing of rail- right-of-way experts from 14 road tracks, an additional bridge states whose highway departments across the Santa Clara River, parallel- and federal bureaus comprise the as- ing the existing structure, and five sociation, along with automobile club other bridges. leaders and representatives of the highway construction industry. Yorba Linda Freeway (Route 42) The western states' progress in con- part this The first of freeway, 2.3 structing their share of the national Avenue miles between Orangethorpe system of interstate, highways is ex- and Yorba Linda Boulevard, was com- pected to be a major topic of discus- pleted in February mile of 1963. One sion, along with the outlook for high- expressway the south end of connects way improvement after 1972, when the section to the Riverside Freeway. the current federal aid program is Ultimately the Yorba Linda Freeway scheduled to reach completion. extend northwestward across will Association President Forrest Orange County, then west across the Cooper, State Highway Engineer of proposed Huntington Beach Freeway Oregon, will convene the opening ses- to a junction with the Santa. Ana ~ ~ sion at 2 p.m. on Monday the 15th. Freeway in the Norwalk area, a dis- ABRAHAM KOFMAN principal speakers sched- tance of about 20 miles. Among the uled to appear at the general sessions Kofman was first appointed by are: Governor Brown in 1961. A native of M. Massachusetts, he has been Robert Haynie U.S. Undersecretary of Commerce Brockton, business since he was Clarence D. Martin, Jr.; Federal High- in the newspaper Appointed to CTBA member and former direc- way Administrator Rex M. Whitton; 16. He is a Governor Edmund G. Brown ap- California Newspaper Pub- Executive Director D. Grant Mickle tor of the pointed Robert M. Haynie, 49, San and belongs to the of the Highway Research Board; Cali- lishers Association Francisco building contractor, to the Shrine, Elks and Eagles. fornia State Senator Randolph Collier; Masons, the California Toll Bridge Authority on president of the Jewish J. Burch McMorran, Superintendent, He is past March 16, 1964. of Alameda and New York State Department of Pub- Welfare Federation He succeeds James F. Thacker, who Counties and of the lic Works, and President of the Amer- Contra Costa resigned to accept appointment to the of B'nai B'rith. ican Association of State Highway Oakland Lodge Trustees of the California State Col- the Alameda Times- Officials; and Executive Secretary A. He acquired leges. founded the San E. Johnson of AASHO. Star in 1939 and Haynie, a native of Virginia, at- Ne~zvs in 1950. Following the general sessions Mon- Leandro Morning tenderl Randolph—Macon Military wife, Sara, have three day afternoon and Tuesday morning He and his Academy there. He was graduated family home is at 1940 there will be a series of committee sons. The from Tulane University in New Or- Franciscan Way, Alameda. leans with an LL.B. degree and was sessions through Thursday morning. admitted to the Louisiana State Bar. Committee activity will be in the Director of Highways, Utah State He is a partner in the corporation fields of construction, maintenance, Department of Highways. of Haas and Haynie in San Francisco. design, administration, forest roads J. C. Womack, California State He is a former member of the board and legal and right-of-way. Highway Engineer and a past presi- of directors of the San Francisco Principal WASHO officers in addi- dent of WASHO, is chairman of the Chamber of Commerce, is a director tion to Cooper are: vice president, host state committee arranging the of Columbia Park Boys Club, and a John C. Myatt, Chief Engineer, Ha- conference. California last hosted the member of the board of governors of waii Division of Highways; and sec- WASHO Conference in 1951, in San Bay Area Council. retary-treasurer, C. Taylor Burton, Francisco.

March-April 1964 35 Chairman Alfred J. Stern of the State Park Commission addresses fhe joint commissions and the audience; Staff members followed meeting intently. Shown at his right is Robert B. Bradford, Administrator of the State Highway Transportation Agency.' At Mr. here, foreground to background, are J. C. Womack, Stern's left is Charles DeTurk, Director of Parks and Recreation, and beside him is John Elsbach 'of the Slate Highway Engineer; John A. Legarra, Deputy Park Commission. In the upper row, left to right, is Roger S. Woolley, Highway Commission; Margaret State Highway Engineer; James Warren, Deputy Owings, Park Commission; John Erreca, Director of Public Works; Sterling Cramer, Park Commission, and Chief, Parks; Edward F. Dolder, Director of the Karl Wray, Vice Chairman, Park Commission. Division of Beaches and Parks; Earl Hanson, Deputy Chief, Parks; Carl Anderson, park ranger V, Eureka. J T Ivl E E T "I'he California ~Iighway Commission and the California State Park Commis- sion met in joint session on January 24, 1964, for the purpose of discussing problems of highway location in and near California state parks. Many members of the staffs of both divisions also attended, as did an audience of about 100 interested citizens.

Below: Another view of joint commissions at meeting. Mr. Below: Audience included Joseph Pollard of Los Womack of Highways in foreground, and at extreme right, Angeles County; Newton B. Drury, ex-Chief of the (not visible above) is Franklin Payne, Highway Commissioner. Division of Beaches and Parks; Charles L. Howard of Oakland; and State Senator John C. Begovich of Jackson.

~t .~,.. _...~~.a._~.~-.T~..~.~.. In his opening speech, Park Commission Chairman Alfred J. Stern, who pre- sided, said the Park Commission in the past year had adopted a policy resolution which in part says: "Land acquired for the use and enjoyment of the people is preserved for this and future generations as state parks, scenic and scientific reserves, historic units, receration areas and state beaches. These lands shall be fimly held against the pressures of expediency, that is, for use for highways, school sites, parking lots, public buildings, utilities, or other nonconform- ing uses...." Clockwise from center right: Harry Freeman, On behalf of the Highway Commission, of which he is chairman, Transporta- Deputy Director, Public Works; Carl Anderson, Beaches and Parks, and Fred Meyer, Sfate Parks tion Agency Administrator Robert B. Bradford said: "We have the objective Forester; James Warren, Beaches and Parks; Dr. of locating routes and spending highway money in the greatest public interest Ralph Chaney, University of California, professor as we see it . We never adopt a route .without talking to the public emeritus, discoverer of "dawn redwood" in China. and holding hearings and inviting comments...." "So far as parks are concerned, .. .our objective has been and will continue to be to avoid parks altogether at all levels of government if we can do it— state parks, county parks, regional parks, city parks—and if we can't avoid a n~ .~. park altogether, our objective has been and will continue to be to minimize any damage...." ~ ~"„ An important result of the meeting was the appointment of a permanent committee of two members of each commission for better liaison in the future between the commissions. Bradford appointed Highway Commission members Whitehurst and Woolley; Stern appointed Park Commission members Owings and Fleharty (latter not present). i . _ _ .__ .. '` i „,~~ ~z. _ .~ '_ Below: Overall view. Highway Commissioner William S. Whitehurst (upper row right) has joined meeting. Men in foreground are members of press. Above, right: Commissioner Elsbach answers question by pointing to Division of Beaches and Parks exhibits on wall.

~`~~~~~, Phase One Completed On 1 o rd m 9,000-square-mile Area

By J. W. SHAVER, Assistant District Engineer—Advance Planning

The greater Los Angeles area extends over some 9,000 square miles, encompassing three counties, a portion of two others, and 122 cities. Within ~~ this area live well over 7%z million people, whose collective transportation needs, both now and in the future, establish the pattern from which planners develop tomorrow's transportation facilities. To determine what that pattern is— and why—is the mammoth undertaking of the Los Angeles Regional Transportation study, one of the larg= est cooperative efforts of its kind between federal, state, county, and city governments ever attempted. Under the general coordination of the Divi- sion of Highways, the study has been in progress since January, 1960, with the Bureau of Public Roads, the Hous- ing and Home Finance Agency, the Visual renderings of LARiS data help transportation planners survey a siivaiion at a glance. Looking over some LARTS maps here are District VII personnel (left fo right) R. E. Deffenbach, Disfrict E'ngineer— State Office of Planning, the Counties Planning; Metropolitan District Engineer E. T, Telford, who is LARTS Study Director; John W. Shaver, of Los Angeles, Orange, Ventura, San Assistant District Engineer—Advance Planning; Gibson Fairman, District Planning Engineer—LARTS. Bernardino, and Riverside, and the 122 cities within the area participating. fists at home, in the office, and on the punchcards. If placed end to end, The study will furnish valuable infor- roadside, the LARTS staff compiled these cards would stretch 70 miles, or, mation about what the area's traffic information concerning present move- if stacked, would reach the approxi- needs will be in 1965, 1970, 1975, and ment of people and goods in terms of mate height of a 3 S-story building. years beyond. From these data, trans- origins, destinations, frequency, and portation planners on all levels of gov- lengths of vehicle trips. (This data- Formulas Produced ernment will be able to develop trans- gathering process is described in a From the analysis of this vast store- portation facilities to meet these needs previous article on LARTS, California house of facts, mathematical relation- and to integrate their plans with those Highways and Public Works, January- ships between movements of people of the other jurisdictions. February 1961.) To this were added and land use were developed, and socioeconomic details, including hous- these formulas, collectively, are known First Phase ing types, number of vehicles owned, as the "transportation model." Phase one of the LARTS program— and family income. Next came an in- The transportation model is by no adetailed examination of the area as it ventory of residential, industrial, agri- means a simple. assemblage of traffic existed in 1960—has just been com- cultural and other land uses through- counts and origin and destination pleted. In the process of analyzing out the area. Finally, the location and studies that show where people are 1960, the LARTS staff also undertook length of each segment of the free- going and in what volumes at what the basic job of developing and test- way, highway, and major street net- times. Rather it also scrutinizes the ing methods through which future work were determined, as well as the socioeconomic factors which induce vehicular movement can be predicted. travel speed on each. people to travel and which influence Through postcard questionnaires These ra~~ data, when coded for the number, length, and purpose of and interviews with the area's motor- electronic processing, filled 600,000 their trips.

38 California Highways and Public Works FACTS ABOUT LARTS STUDY AREA i960

—~-rte. 3,437,000 ~• ~~~ AUTOMOBILES P L lJ;.. S 12,342,000 1,803,000 DAILY AUTO TRIPS DAILY TRUCOC TRIPS FOR WORK 4,099,000 .SHOP 1,890,000 OTHER 6,353,000 AVERAGE AUTO TRIP AVER,e►GE TRUCK TRIP 6.1 AAILES 5.2 MILES

~FiO POPULATION 84,541,000 ~rROV E 7,579x000 ~~~ DAILY VEHICLE MILES

______. 5,776,000 VACANT 568,000 APARTMENTS ~e4CRES 3,968,000 ACRES I,I!■■!I I!I!I■ • ■~

YVHO l9SED e~OB~OOO MILITARY ACRES FOR ea.400 ACRES

AIRPORTS- RAILROADS-DOCKS 44,400 ACRES

STitEETS AND ~ CAMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL AND RECREATIONAL AND HIGHWAYS AGRICULTURAL RESIDEPIYIAL AND PARKING TRUCK TERMINALS INSTITUTIONAL 209,000 849,000 369,000 39,000 9,000 142.000 ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES

~ ~~ IJ~~I ~ ~ ~~I ~:~. !'

March-April 1964 39

Public Public Works and and Highways Highways California California 40 40

above above }he }he in in map. shown shown is is the the area area in in LARi$ LARi$ study study population population Concentration Concentration of of

in shorter shorter or or longer longer become become lengths lengths a from from and and to to desires desires travel travel When When -shop- home -work, -work, home types: types: eral eral

trip for for example, example, as as If, If, static. static. treated treated traffic. area area attracting attracting in in has has dential dential by by gen- five five trips trips automobile automobile analyzes analyzes

is is be to to not not

however, however,

model, model,

The The

resi- or or shopping shopping particular particular a a business, business, model LARTS LARTS transportation transportation The The

the the

for for

model.

influence of of

sphere sphere

the the

show show

to to ability ability

Analyzed Aufo Aufo Trips Trips

level level accuracy of of good good

a a

indicating indicating

its is is planners planners to to important important

model model

the the counts, than than actual actual higher higher

percent percent

transportation the the of of

traffic. Another Another

future future aspect aspect

7 counts counts average average only only computed computed The The

predicting in in useful useful is is well. which which as as manner manner planners planners other other to to

computed computed mathematically. been been had had

but planners, planners, a to to transportation transportation in in only only interrelated interrelated have have been been portant, portant,

the the

with with that

traffic traffic compared compared

were were

not value value of of can can be be these these of of tion tion trips trips im- more more —and, —and, quantified and and

ured ured

LARTS LARTS the the and

area area

in in

screenlines screenlines

direc- and and the the number number about about length, length, meas- been been now now have have before before

tively tively

taken taken were were

nine along along counts counts

traffic traffic

information Detailed Detailed type. type. -other -other work qualita- at at suspected suspected least least or or

known known

predictive predictive

tool. tool.

useful useful

Ground a a be be

the 11.3 11.3 of of percent percent type, type, and and shopping shopping were conclusions conclusions which which

other other many many

the the

that that

model model

insure insure

would

to to

tested tested

of of home- percent percent the the type, type, 15.2 15.2 other other and to to These These work. work. journey journey the the than than

transportation transportation

was model model

LARTS LARTS

the the

other- of of the the percent percent 21.5 21.5 type, type, shorter considerably considerably was was

trip trip

shopping shopping

others others that that

make make many many

the the of of

-work home the the of of percent percent 21.7 21.7 type, type, average the the that that found found

was was

it it purpose, purpose,

these these of of

techniques techniques

and validity validity The The

-other home the the of of are are percent percent 30.3 30.3

and length length regarding regarding findings findings other other

Techniques Techniques Tested

discovered, LARTS LARTS auto auto trips, trips, all all Of Of trips trips Among made. made. number number auto auto of of the the

traffic traffic needs. assess assess reasons. social social or or quickly quickly educational, educational, medical, medical, influence influence on greatest greatest the the has has family family

transportation transportation planners planners can patterns, patterns, recreational, business, business, for for taken taken trips trips per owned owned automobiles automobiles of of number number

volume volume such such and and as From From direction than than such such 41). 41). home, home, other other place place some some the be be As As might might expected, expected, income. income.

(see (see purposes purposes page illustration illustration end trip trip /or /or ous ous and begin begin which which trips trips includes includes of of family higher higher areas areas than than household household

they they which which come come from from for for vari- tions tions The The category "other" "other" traffic. traffic. hour hour peak peak per trips trips auto auto fewer fewer produce produce erally erally

and and travel, travel, they they the the distances distances direc- the of of most most for for accounts accounts course, course, of of gen- income income families families lower lower housing housing

number number the the of of show show the drivers, drivers, home trip, The The to to -work -work trips. trips. auto auto all all of of Areas shows. shows. study study the the residence, residence,

beams beams spreading spreading with with percent asymmetrically for for account account 67.2 67.2 trips trips of of types types family asingle- than than unit unit per per day day per per

astar- is is result result shaped shaped visual visual pattern three three -based The The home other. other. - other trips fewer fewer auto auto produces produces generally generally

plotted plotted a a are are on on area area map, map, given given the and other, other, - work other, other, - home instance, ping, ping, for for house, house, apartment apartment An An AUTO DRIVER TRAVEL DESIRE PATTERNS FOR A RESIDENTIAL ZONE

Ano Ana Ana

WgRK TRIPS SHOPPING TRIPS TOTAL TRIPS the future, or if higher incomes and 'Old People' Theory Exploded sharply. In 1958, for example, the net shorter workweeks prompt fewer It is sometimes thought that the av- increase of multiple units in Los An- business trips and more social or rec- erage age of Southern Californians is geles County exceeded the net increase reational trips, these trends will be much higher than the rest of the na- of single family dwellings for the first incorporated. tion's, but LARTS findings do not time. With a workable model at hand, the confirm this. While milder climate Average miles traveled on a week- LARTS staff is now beginning phase does attract older people, the study day in LARTS area were 88,100,000 two of the program—the allocation of suggests that increased economic ac- in 1960. "Long" trips, those exceeding population, employment and land use tivity has caused immigration of large 26 miles, were 4.2 percent of total for 1980 to traffic zones from infor- numbers in the family-forming, child- trips, but accounted for 19 percent of mation provided by the participating bearing'age brackets between 18 and the miles driven. In 1960, cities and counties. 35. median age in the LARTS LARTS findings reiterate that free- area 30.6, While the primary objective of was only which is not much ways can handle more traffic at higher higher than the national median of phase one was to establish a sound speeds than conventional highways. 29.5, or the California median of 30.0. This is reflected in the fact that free- predictive tool, a valuable byproduct Further, the LARTS percentage of to government planners was the de- ways, which are only S percent of the population over 65 was 8.9, a notch total lane miles in the LARTS area, tailed analysis of the LARTS area as national lower than the average of 9 carry 24 percent of the total vehicle it existed in the 1960 base year. In that percent and a notch higher the than miles, at an average speed of 49.7 miles year, the study area contained about California average of 8.8 percent. per hour in comparison with average Of 5,776,000 acres in the area, half of California's population and study nonfreeway speeds of 28 miles per over 4 percent of the nation's popu- approximately 69 percent or 4,000,000 hour. acres were vacant, of which 2,800,000 lation. Nearly> 90 percent of the area's Statistics such as these are only a population was in Los Angeles and are probably unusable. About 850,000 acres were devoted to agriculture, small portion of the 1960 data avail- Orange Counties, and the population able 87,000 to recreational facilities, 39,000 to participating local governments had more than doubled during the right now. Much to commerce, 92,000 to industry, and other detailed information on previous decade. 369,000 to residential use. land use, employment, trip Over 23 percent of the families in production, trip distribution, traffic the area had annual incomes over Population Density volumes and other categories is also $10,000. By comparison, less than 22 The net population density was available, together with staff assistance about 20.5 persons per acre percent of California's and about 15 of resi- in the interpretation of them. And dential land, excluding streets. With within the next year half, percent of the nation's families were and a when residential streets included, the density the study's second phase is tentatively category in 1960. As might be in this drops to 16.5 persons per acre. Single- scheduled for completion, LARTS expected, LARTS maps show a strik- family housing accounted for over 75 will become even more important to ing similarity in the geographic distri- percent of all housing units. In recent transportation planners on all levels bution of family incomes and number years, however, the percentage of new of government as it supplies a forecast of.cars owned. multiple housing units has increased of 1980 transportation requirements.

March-April 1964 41 Real estate activ- DISTRICT ity in Glendale has II doubled since the adoption of a route for the Ventura Freeway through the city. Even though the freeway isn't built yet, properties close to the proposed route have increased in value by 40 percent since 1959; by comparison, properties in the rest of the town have only increased 20 percent. This price increase reflects the development of an intense demand for property along the proposed route— a demand which anticipates the benefits of freeway construction by many years. The Glendale study reveals that (1) older and well-established suburbs benefit as much from freeways as the new suburbs on the urban fringe, and (2) as soon as a route is adopted, the community begins to experience the economic benefits that are associated with freeways. The beneficial effect of freeways upon real estate activity in the urban fringe has long been recognized. In Southern California, the urbanization of Orange County and the San Fer- Location of the proposed freeway Through Glendale is shown in }he above map. For purposes of study nando Valley are classic examples of the community was divided info six bands or zones designated as Areas A, B, C, S, p, and E proceeding the economic benefits that accompany from south to north. improvements in the transportation system. Freeways here have meant have been occurring in the older sub- changes. Glendale is an excellent com- new homes, new apartments, new urban areas, such as Glendale, which munity to study because it is rela- shopping centers, new industry, new are much closer to the central city. tively homogeneous and neighbor- recreational uses. Freeways have- pro- To the casual observer these changes hood patterns tend to be very well vided the means for extending the don't appear to be as spectacular. We defined. ~~hole gamut of urban land uses to don't see vacant land transformed— Twenty years ago, Glendale was areas which were formerly too remote almost overnight—to new subdivisions, often referred to by radio comedians to play a rolein our midcentury pop- supermarkets, schools. The changes as a conservative, if not stodgy, town ulation explosion. are less perceptible because they occur that rolled up its sidewalks at nine in an area that is already devoted to o'clock every night. Today, however, Some Changes Overlooked urban uses. this town is taking very progressive. While we have concentrated our The adoption of the Ventura Free- and vigorous steps to cope with the attention upon the spectacular changes way (Route 134) through the City of modern problems of an urban com- that have occurred in areas such as Glendale has offered the Division of munity. Orange County, we have overlooked Highways a unique oportunity to Glendale has always been essen- some equally spectacular changes that study and understand some of these tially aresidential community with

42 California Highways and Public Works the vast majority of its residents com- Markefability AfFected Study Zones Described muting the 8 to 10 miles to Los An- The general .small size and increas- For the purposes of study the com- geles daily. Nearly everyone lived in ing age of the homes south of "The munity was divided into six broad and owned their own home. Glen- Wash" created a problem for the con- bands or zones which roughly cor- dale's character was set during a time tinued development of the community. respond to zoning and clusters of sim- when home ownership was much The ease of owning new and modern ilar neighborhoods. These are shown more difficult to achieve than it is homes in the more remote suburbs on the accompanying map designated today. The town had an excellent severely affected the marketability of as Areas A, B, C, S, D and E, proceed- school system and took pride in hav- these homes. They could not attract ing from south to north. ing more churches and fewer bars per a sufficient number of new residents Area S is a special study area which capita than most comparable com- to renew the vitality of the area, and generally parallels the adopted free- munities. In an era of "classness" the homes and the area began to de- way route two blocks on either side. Glendale offered an attractive atmo- teriorate. Except for study purposes, this area sphere for the average middle-class The City of Glendale, anticipating is the same as Area C. Areas B and C family seeking a stable environment. this trend, sought to renew the area are predominantly older frame or Spanish style single family residences Population Increase by zoning most of the properties south of "The Wash" for multiple but zoned for multiple residential The population of Glendale in 1963 (R-3 and R-4). is estimated. to be 129,187, up about 8 residential use. Zoning itself, however, wasn't enough to turn the tide. Some Some portions of Area A are simi- percent from the 1960 census figure lar to Areas B and C, but the majority of 119,442. The 1950 census counted new investment occurred, but it was on a very small scale, insufficient to of this area is composed of a residen- 95,702 people. in the city limits. Glen- tial area known locally as "Adams day, today, is the third largest tgwn in generate much further investment. During this period even the best real Hill." This portion of the area is zoned Los Angeles County, and, if present for single-family dwellings only (R-i ), trends continue, its 1980 population estate salesmen went through some very long, dry spells. and. is not likely to change use in the may approach 190,000. foreseeable future. However, in February 1961, with The commercial center of the town Area D is the prime R the adoption of a freeway location for -3 and R-4 is traditionally located at Broadway area. This area is principally Route 134, several blocks south of and improved and Brand, although it has tended to with multiple dwellings parallel to "The Wash," the real and has been gravitate one block north in recent a good investment area for estate investment picture in Glendale 20 years. years to Brand and Wilson. Brand Its strategic location next to changed radically. Sales activity in- a prime Boulevard is the prime retail street. R-1 residential area (Area E) creased' 100 percent; the number of has al- Central Avenue, Glendale Boulevard, ways made it a desirable location new multiple units constructed for Broadway and Colorado Boulevard rental property. also have many retail outlets which doubled. The transition that the community looked for began to take Area E is the prime residential area vary from neighborhood stores to in the city. zoned for single-family multimillion-dollar enterprises. such as place, and the entire town entered a new period of rejuvenation. dwellings, this area has been very de- Robert Wian's "Bob's" drive-in res- sirable since its development in the taurant and food industry complex. Investors Anticipate Benefits late 30s. Along the foothills on the There are numerous other retail stores Almost immediately the Division of north, the area becomes quite exclu- scattered about the remainder of the Highways began to follow the chang- sive, and a good many celebrities live city serving local trade. Manufactur- ing pattern of activity. Our e~peri- or have lived there. ing is generally confined to the strip ence has indicated that shortly after Area F (not shown) is separated along San Fernando Boulevard and on route adoption the benefits of freez~ay from the rest of the town by a manu- the site of the former Grand Central construction ure anticipated by private f~eturing zone. This area is so small, Airport just north of the Golden State investors; frequently, by the time ac- its character so different and sales so Freeway. tual construction is completed, the ef- few, that it was eliminated from the In a very general manner, excepting fects have become so diffuse that an study at this time. There are other the portion around the "old" and analysis before and after construction areas within the city limits that have "new" downtown, the residential por- does not completely reveal impact. been excluded from the study. For tion of the community has developed The Glendale study is a long-range example, all neighborhoods north of in hands from south to north. The study, then, beginning two years be- Mountain Street were eliminated. most striking line of demarcation is fore route adoption; it will end sev- These are essentially high-value neigh- "The Wash" which generally parallels eral years after the facility is opened borhoods, some approaching estate Glenoaks Boulevard. (The northern to traffic—sometime in the early 70's. size. Generally, the study only consid- line of area "S" on the map approxi- This progress report will cover ered those single-family dwellings mates ttcis line.) North of this line changes in the real estate market with a value below $36,000—confining most of the homes were built from which have occurred in 2 %Z years itself to the "middle class" homes that 1938 to 1950. South of this line, most after route adoption, i.e., up to July are more subject to the vagaries of of the homes were built prior to 1935. 1963. the real estate market. In the neigh-

March-April 1964 43 the location of the proposed freeway through Glendale has been indicated in the above aerial by a white line. borhoods north of Mountain Street, it principally La Chasse Realty, we were the community. Approximately one- was felt that the bulk of the homes able to collect over 2,000 individual third of the sales collected occurred would exceed this arbitrary mark, This sales of residential parcels that had during the 2-year "before" period; cutoff line eliminates neighborhoods occurred between January 1959 and while the remaining two-thirds oc- known locally as Rossmoyne, Ver- July 1963. Analysis of these sales has curred in the 2 %2 -year "after" period. dugo Woodlands and the "Annex" revealed the startling pattern of free- Since multiple listings have tended to north of the Verdugo Mountains. It way impact. remain at a fairly constant proportion is felt that this elimination does not The 2,000 sales collected are those of total sales, this indicates, roughly, significantly affect the results of the properties that were sold through the the change in activity that followed study. multiple listing service and represent route adoption. Through the cooperation of the approximately 50 percent of all the Although changes in sales prices o~ City of Glendale and local realtors, residential sales that occurred within apartment houses will be indicated,

44 California Highways and Public Works this study will concern itself princi- with in value of single- CHANGE IN VALUE-AVERAGE SALES PRICE pally changes (1959-60 compared ro 1961.63) family dwellings—and those primarily 35 -= single family dwelling units on R-3 and R-4 lots.

Average Sales Compared Comparing the average sales price during the before period to the after period reveals that the average home in Glendale was selling for a price 11.5 percent greater during the after period. Additionally, comparing the average sales price in 1959 to the average sales price during the first half of 1963, we find that the average home increased in value by better than 20 a percent. Graph 1 shows how the various areas have changed; comparing the average sales price during the entire before period to the average sales price price during the entire after period, this chart shows the percent increase during the after period. Note that the area which showed the greatest relative increase in Area S, our study AREA area extending two blocks on either G.vph a 1 side of the proposed freeway. In the before period the average home in TABLE Area S was selling for $15,900—in the BUILDING ACTIVITY Ily GLENDALE after period it was selling for $18,850, Multiple Dwellings Containing Three or More Units per Site an increase of better than 18 percent. Number of Number of Total value Combining the two areas on either Year pernzitsissued family units of permits side of Area S, i.e. Areas C and D, 1959 ------_------87 not available $5,000,000 we find that in the before period 1960 ------84 992 5,600,000 the average home was selling for 1961 ______.______145 1700 12,600,000 $15,700 and increased to $17,650 in the 1962 ------199 2265 18,000,000 989 8,800,000 after period—a change of 14 percent. 1963 (first half) ______.______100 In other words, homes in the study zone were worth an extra $1,000 after these older properties are advertised increase in Area S shown on this chart the route adoption. in the newspaper for sale, they are is a reflection of the sale of new apart- Even more startling, comparing the no longer listed as houses for sale, but ment buildings—buildings that didn't average sales price in Area S in 1959 in the section carrying ads for lots. exist in the before period. The great- to 1963, we find an increase of better An indicator of this change is the est increase is shown in Area S because than 40 percent—double the rate of in- number and value of building permits the greatest number of new multiple crease in the rest of the community. for new multiple dwelling units dur- units have been constructed within For example, again combining Areas ing the before and after period. Table this area. and D, the 'S9 to increase is only C '63 1 shows the change that has occurred Sales Are Compared 15 percent. in this activity. Note especially that Our analysis of the sales also re- Apnrfinents Replace Older Homes the value of permits issued in 1961 was vealed another relationship which These relative price gains reflect the double the value of permits issued in tended to describe the transition in changes that are now taking place in 1960 and the value was another 40 per- Area S. Graph 2 shows the change in the City of Glendale, and the freeway cent greater in 1962': Note, also, that average price in the various areas com- effects that the residents there have the number of family units involved in paring the before period to the after long since recognized. The older the first half of 1963 was as large as period. It also shows the 68 percent homes in Area S are now being torn the number of units during the entire range. That is, 68 percent of the prop- down to make room for new apart- year of 1960. erties sold within the range indicated ment buildings. Construction activity Generally, the variation in the aver- by the length of the line. It is interest- in this area has increased at a tremen- age price of multiple units shown on ing to note that, consistently, the high dous rate. As a matter of fact, when Graph 1 reflects this activity also. The point of the range increased at a

March-April 1964 45

46 46 Public Public Works and and California California Flighways Flighways

e2 Groph Groph AREA ment ment it it which which creates.

+v +e c environ- of of new new freeway freeway the the the the and and

iz~

result the the as as decrease decrease town town entire entire will will

the in in the the property property of of that that value value feel feel

residents that that the the which which text text indicate indicate

con- this this in in made made times, times, statements statements are are

Some- withstand. withstand. community community to to their their

too too for is is drastic drastic a a as as such such freeway freeway

change a a may may that that they they feel feel years, years,

many lived lived ing ing the the good good a a in in town town

Hav- anxious. anxious. are are residents residents especially especially

the community community Glendale, Glendale, as as such such

class, class, residential established established middle middle

it it If If well- a a is is

entire entire the the town. town. "spoil" "spoil"

~ Q Q

~ J J

will way way community community through through the the

o ,,, ,,,

a~ a a that that free- new new the the express express opinion opinion

will community community a a of of tion, residents residents tion,

adop- route route to to hearings hearings prior prior public public

at occasion occasion On On lished lished community. community.

estab- an an freeway freeway a a of of upon upon effect effect the the

area— on on problem problem light light another another some some

has has study study thrown The The Glendale Glendale

Established Established on on EiFecf EiFecf Community

freeway freeway adopted. was was the the route route until until

12.6

~ ~

10.0 10.0 ~ ~ 25.6 25.6 ~ ~ 17.0 17.0

~ ~ 13.0 13.0 ~ ~ HIGH HIGH not not own its its did did it it really really into into come come

72_~

0 0 9 9 I I I I 18.5 18.5 I I 15.7 15.7 I I

12.6 12.6 I I MEAN MEAN

selection, to to route route prior prior freeway freeway tion tion

AFTER TO TO BEFORE BEFORE INCREASE — PERCENT PERCENT was was transi- in in ing ing proposed proposed the the facility facility

adjoin-

area area

the the

apartments. apartments. While While for for

Lots Lots Multiple Multiple for for Unifs) Zoned Zoned Dwelling Dwelling on on Dwellings Dwellings (Single (Single

Fomily Fomily

GLENDALE

—

PRICES PRICES SALES SALES

OF OF }RANGE }RANGE AND AVERAGE AVERAGE Wash" "The "The area area of of south south residential residential

the it it when when it it zoned zoned itself itself that that for for set set

many

category

this this

although although

and and middle middle class, class, in in

sales sales eliminated, eliminated, goals the the helped helped fulfill fulfill the the community community

but generally

is is

area area The The

collected collected Hill. Hill. were were Adams Adams $36,000 $36,000 over over sales sales has It It City City benefited benefited the the Glendale. Glendale. of of

where known known

portion portion

the the

1959 1959 A, A, -1 -1 neighborhoods neighborhoods R Area Area in in in in e.g., e.g., has has significantly freeway, freeway, then, then, The The

is case case average— this this

in in

area area real real

and and The The the the control control lower lower mean mean to to jacent jacent the the to to freeway.

benefit.

tended a a

is is

there there

then then

have have rate, rate, may may a a $36,000 $36,000 over over slower slower hoods hoods ad- study study area area S, S, curred curred Area Area in in the the

growing growing is is it it if if

neighbor-

disbenefit; disbenefit; and and a a

homes homes of of is is there there elimination elimination oc- increase, increase, has has greatest greatest value value the the

then

faster, faster,

growing growing arbitrary is is

our our

that that is is area area it it other other apparent apparent range range parcels, parcels, hence, and and for for demand demand such such

the this If If

area. area.

similar similar

(Within (Within

percent. percent. another another 20.47 20.47 to to of of parison parison value value highest The The increase increase value. value. in in relative relative

com- a a

average is is

test test

The The

increase increase in in proximity? proximity? an an — — $29,450 $29,450 through through 250- greater a a show show demand demand and and greater greater

disbenefit

a a

$20,- represent represent of of

does does

it it range range sold sold a a ity, ity, within within or or homes, homes, in been been therefore therefore houses, houses, have have ment ment

accessibil-

the improved improved of of

percent percent

68 68 $24,875 $24,875 while while potential potential for for through through ing ing apart- operated, operated, more more economically economically

area

benefit benefit the the to to

sell-

was was

a a home home represent represent average average the the rate rate adoption, adoption, and the the which which hold hold will will larger, larger, parcels

growth

this this

Does Does route

years years the the freeway? freeway? after after 1963, 1963, proposed proposed two two of of half half larger The The 4,000 4,000 feet. feet. under under square square be be

the

to to

ascribed ascribed be be first

the the

can can In In the the $25,200. $25,200. - $16,000 increase increase of of of of range range to properties properties tend tend lowest lowest The The valued valued

words, words, much

how how

the

within within sold sold

other other In In S. S. the the of of home home Area Area for for cent cent feet. square square 7,000 7,000 parcels —over —over larger larger

as as had

compare, compare, we we

per- 68 68

$20,640; $20,640;

to to area area selling selling was was for for control control area area the are, are, utility, utility, economic economic generally, generally,

of sort sort some some

this

have have in in

home home 1959 1959

to to average average the the necessary necessary is is In In it it house house little the the has has properties, properties, where where

effects, effects, however,

freeway freeway

of of urement urement ings. valued example, example, higher higher For For dential. dential.

meas- our our

refine refine

further further

to to order order In In dwell- single- of of family family entirely entirely most most of of to to resi- area area the the multiple multiple transition transition

untrue.

be be to to seems seems composed composed al- neighborhoods neighborhoods of of group group related related the is is to to tendency tendency This This

neighborhoods

class class

middle middle stantial stantial established - well and and is is substantial substantial a a properties. value value lower lower than than rate rate faster faster

may may

sub- ruin ruin proximity proximity

freeway freeway that that stated, have have we we as as area, area, This This route. route. the the a at at in in increase increase value value to to properties properties

%2 %2

The The

contention

years. years. 4 4

in in value value abuts even even it it cases cases some some In In freeway. freeway. for for value higher higher tendency tendency definite definite

percent percent

increase increase

20 20

a a contrary, contrary, the the proposed the the to to proximity proximity close close in in is is a was was period. period. There There study study the the during during

prices, prices, on

but, but, lower lower

at at selling selling panic panic E Area Area fears. fears. irrational irrational cause cause may may and and twice twice more sold sold or or properties properties that that

was was

there there

then, then,

Glendale, Glendale, In In is is unknown freeway freeway still still the the of of "look" "look" i.e., sales, sales, analysis analysis double double of of by by an an

the when when adoption adoption SelEing route route Pmnit Pmnit following following No No confirmed was was tendency tendency ent ent This This rate. rate.

) cent. cent. period period the the immediately to to regard regard in in appar- slowest slowest increased increased the the at at range range

9.0 9.0 amounted amounted to to per- they they 1963 1963 —in —in this this least —at —at fear investigate investigate to to tunity tunity this of of point point —and —and points the the low low

of of percent percent the the total 3.14 3.14 to to amounted amounted oppor- the the have have Glendale Glendale we we In In low or or mean mean rate rate the the than than ,greater ,greater homes on the hillside have views, is Area Ripe for Investment Drilling Crew Saves not considered quite as desirable as In the case of Glendale the area Area E. This area is roughly two immediately surrounding the freeway Home in Glendale miles south of the proposed freeway, was ripe for new investment. The A Materials and Research Depart- and consequently closer to Los An- homes themselves had depreciated in ment foundation drilling crew work- geles. Since the freeway will not serve value beyond economic utility, the ing in the Glendale area aided a po- to bring the Adams Hill area in closer property was properly zoned for up- tential fire victim in saving his home proximity to the central area, it grading the use, and the adoption of a from a fire raging in the area on the should be out of the area of freeway freeway route promised future bene- morning of March 16. influence. fits to the area in terms of accessibil- The crew, consisting of Floyd Average Vdlue Increase ity. The freeway served as a tool for the land Strickler, drilling foreman, Henry A. Considering only those properties acceleration of a change in use. There is doubt that the Williams, James T. Lupo, and Rupert zoned for single family residential use, little change to multiple residential use E. Day, foundation drillers, were core in 1959 the average home in Area A would eventually, but drilling in the Glendale area for in- sold for $16,540; 68 percent of the have occurred the freeway catalyst to formation on cut slopes. homes sold within a range of $13,500— acted as the the motion at a faster The crew were at breakfast when $19,550. In 1963 the average home was set change in pace date. they first heard of the fire and hurried selling for $19,925, while 68 percent and at an earlier to the drill site, arriving about 6.45 of the homes were within a range of The freeway in Glendale has had a.m. They began packing equipment $15,300—$24,000: This represents an the same general effect upon that and preparing the drill rig and all ve- increase of 20.52 percent in average community as the Santa Ana Freeway hicles for travel. By the time they value. has had in Orange County. It has in- had traversed a dirt road through the Since both areas have increased creased the intensity of use of the brush to a cleared area, the air was their values 20 percent we conclude land. The population density has in- hot and smoky. At that time the fire that the freeway has had no effect creased, but on a different scale and upon single-family residential neigh- through a different land use. It is clear was burning at the edge of this cleared borhoods in Glendale. There is that the major difference between the area. neither a benefit nor a disbenefit ap- established suburbs such as Glendale Observing a man attempting to wet parent at the present time. and the newer areas such as Orange down the house nearest to the cleared that in Glendale where County is area with a garden hose, the crew used The Glendale study, as an analysis some sort of transportation system a hose from their drilling equipment, of the effects of a freeway through a preexists; investors do not have to de- suburban residential community, is pend upon the actual construction of connected it to a fire hydrant and not complete. It cannot be complete the route to attract new people. The sprayed the house until the nearby until several years after the freeway mere adoption of a route and a tenta- brush had burned itself out. The only is opened to traffic. Only then will we xive construction date in a proper zon- fire loss was some lawn furniture. In evaluate the have the opportunity to ing environment is sufficient stimulus the process of fighting the fire, the effects of actual construction—the im- to benefit the community and tc~ crew suffered severe eye irritation provement in accessibility. Neverthe- effect the changes indicated here. from smoke less, at this preliminary stage we have and cinders, which neces- gained valuable information. Future Studies Indicated sitated medical treatment. It is generally agreed that the value Furthermore, it is equally clear that parcel of land depends, among our continuing analysis of this com- of a any effect at all. By the time the free- other things, upon its accessibility to munity will. present us with some way is actually open for traffic, most a community economic center. The difficult problems. With the passage of the improvement of accessibility, such as of time, the new apartment construc- development and change to by construction of a freeway, has in- tion will tend to have an impact of its multiple residential will have already evitably increased the value of abut- own—to attract other new investments occurred and a study initiated at that ting land in suburban areas. In the to areas contiguous to it. The effect late date might show only impercep- case of Glendale, accessibility has not will slowly spread through the entire tible and inconclusive changes. yet been improved. Nevertheless, R-3 and R-4 area. (A preliminary We will continue, however, to col- there has clearly been an increase in look at the data for the second. half of lect data on Glendale and to probe seems to confirm this land values which can only be at- '63 impression.) the changes that occur until after the tributed to the proposed freeway. It is Our future studies will find it diffi- route is opened for traffic. It is clear clear that investors anticipate the cult to locate control areas and to sort that the results of this study and a change of accessibility that follows out the effect of the freeway after freeway Eonstruction. Money begins construction. If we had confined this more intense evaluation of the data to be invested, and demand increases study to two jrears before and t~vo collected will ultimately prove to be a many years prior to actual construc- years after actual construction, we valuable tool in planning future trans- tion. would have been hard pressed to find portation improvements.

March-A ps°il 1964 47 •

ri e d eCOnS ruC iOn

By E. R. FOLEY, Chief Engineer, Division of Bay Toll Crossings

The reconstruction of the San Fran- would not interfere with passage of the existing joints, intermediate joists cisco—Oakland Bay Bridge to provide the more than 110,000 vehicles. using were installed at six-foot centers mid- five lanes of one-way traffic on each the bridge each day. After considera- way between the existing joists. The deck has been the subject of two pre- tion of many different plans and alter- new joists are lOWF sections of A440 vious articles in California Highways natives, the upper deck floor system high-strength steel. and Public Works. They appeared in of the East Bay spans was strength- The rolled sections were threaded the July-August 1960 and January- ened in the manner described in the in one piece through the space be- February 1962 issues. following paragraphs. tween the existing longitudinal This article describes the final phase Roadway Slab and transverse Joists stringers and the concrete slab. The of structural modifications before joists one-way traffic movements could be To reduce the span of the roadway were preloaded at the third instituted. It covers strengthening of slab and the load carried by each of points of the spans between the upper deck on the East Bay spans; construction of refuge bays; resurfac- These internally lighted directional signs on the San Francisco end of the bridge have proven quite effective for nighttime visibility. The color scheme used corresponds io that established' by interstate ing of the upper deck; additional re- highway standards. construction on the approaches; lower deck lighting; and signs.

Upper Deck Sfrengthening The upper deck of the Bay Bridge was originally designed to carry passenger automobiles and light commercial vehicles on six traffic lanes, three in each direction. In the East Bay spans, defined as that portion of the bridge east of Yerba Buena Island, the floor system consisted of a rein- forced lightweight concrete roadway slab six inches in depth and 58 feet wide. This was supported on transverse joists at six-foot centers which in turn rested on four longitudinal stringers spaced at 16-foot centers. These longitudinal stringers were framed into floor beams having variable spacings as indicated in the following tabulation: Spacing, Type of spars feet 288-foot and 292-foot. deck trusses.____. 36 504-foot through trusses ______42 Cantilever—anchor arm ______48 Cantilever—cantilever arm ______55 Cantilever—suspended span ______58 Analysis of this floor system indicated that all of its elements, that is, the roadway slab and its supporting structural steel members were inadequate. to carry the heavier live load that would be imposed when unidirectional traffic movements were put into operation. A strengthening method had to be devised which

48 stringers and at the ends of the joists Bay spans the entire upper deck is to insure their full participation in Hump Looks Good now capable of carrying five lanes of carrying the live loads. High-strength n Retrospect H2O-S16 traffic with maximum stresses bolts were used to connect each joist not exceeding those allowable in the Reprinted from the San Francisco Examiner to the top flange of the stringer. The of January 17, 1964 current edition of the American Asso- void between the joist and slab, vary- ciation of State Highway Officials ing between one-half to one inch, was The new one-way traffic patterns on the Standard Specifications for Bridges. Bay Bridge, in effect since October, filled with a 1.:3 grout mixture, ap- mid- have more than proved in practice the Refuge Bays plied as air-blown mortar. The grout expectations of the State Division of San The capacity of a long structure, contained an admixture to prevent Francisco Bay Toll Crossings. such as the San Francisco-Oakland shrinkage. Traffic smoothed out quickly and Bay Bridge, is directly related to the flowed faster after the changeover, made Stringer Strengthening continued movement of traffic. Thus possible by converting each deck to a reduces The load-carrying capacity of the one-way street. Notable, too, is the fact any stalled or disabled vehicle existing longitudinal stringers was in- that no fatalities have occurred, on the its capacity. To keep the large volume creased by the addition of under- bridge since the changeover. Credit this of traffic on the bridge moving, refuge stringers. Both rolled and welded sec- to elimination of head-on collisions. The bays have been constructed wherever tions were used. old two-way routing had a sanguine possible. In the East Bay spans these Sections were fabricated in such a history. were built in the curved sections of manner that either their natural cam- All these facts stand out impressively the bridge: first, in the area west of ber or a specified camber could be against the background of abuse heaped the cantilever span, and second, just on the division, particularly on the erected upwards. and east of the 504-foot truss spans. These division chief at the time, Norman C. refuge bays were built by moving the The understringers were lifted and Raab. clamped into position. Then, using the existing curb hack and paving the area The beating Raab took from angry with lightweight conrcete. predrilled holes in the understringer commuters and caustic critics during the as a template, holes were drilled days of "The Hump" seems in retrospect, Upper Deck Resurfacing through the bottom flange of the orig- and in the light of subsequent usefulness Resurfacing of the upper deck was inal stringers. High-strength bolts, of the project, to have been of shallow considered necessary for two reasons. %$ -inch in diameter, were installed and substance. The Hump was necessary to First, after nearly 27 years of use the permit raising of the upper deck to give tightened in a sequence progressing concrete surface was beginning to from the ends of the understringer adequate clearance to heavy vehicles. Commuters were discommoded. Construc- show signs of wear, particularly in towards the center to complete erec- the curb lanes. The degree of deterior- tion. tion delays were numerous. Tempers wore thin, as did public patience. ation was such that it was considered Floor Beam Strengthening But disruption and inconvenience were advisable to repair the deck before The floor beams of the East Bay unavoidable. The only alternative would heavier loads were imposed upon it. spans were strengthened in the same have been to close the bridge. Second, it was necessary to cover the manner as those on the West Bay We suspect a lot of people would like 4" x 4" tiles which had been em- spans. Ahigh-strength steel plate was to take back the harsh things said about bedded in the concrete roadway to bolted to the bottom flange of each Norman Raab in connection with irrita- delineate the six traffic lanes. beam after the plate had been stressed tions caused by The Hump. Raab stepped Since the amount of dead load that to a predetermined amount. Using this down as division chief last July 31, after could be added to the structure was method of strengthening, the ten- 40 years of state service, including many important limited, investigation was concerned sioned cover plate induces an initial contributions to California's sys- material, tem of bridges. The Hump was one with a lightweight that compressive on the bottom of force several thorns in his side accumulated would provide a long, serviceable life. flange, thereby reducing the existing over the years—the least deserved one, An epoxy coal tar compound met dead load tensile stresses. Thus, a as experience with the one-way traffic on these requirements; it weighed 1 S greater portion of the strength of the the Bay Bridge is proving every day. pounds per square yard at a % -inch original section is made available to thickness, its serviceability was con- carry increased live load. sidered good, and it could be easily The procedure for installing these the State's traveling scaffolds were applied. cover plates was similar to that de- available for use by the contractor. Resurfacing Operations scribed in the article of January-Feb- These were augmented by his own A total of 26 lane-miles of resurfac- scaffolds. Also, ruary 1962. the contractor was ing was accomplished on the upper permitted to use the south lane as a deck. The first step in the resurfacing Minimum Traffic Interference working area. This arrangement In the preparation of construction caused a minimum of inconvenience process was to patch cracks and de- contracts, serious consideration was to traffic while reconstruction of the teriorated areas wtih epoxy grout, fol- given to details which would offer the East Bay spans was accomplished. lowed by a sandblast cleaning of the least interference to the movement of As a result of strengthening the deck. After this a special tank truck bridge traffic. On the East Bay work, upper deck floor system in the East spread the epoxy coal tar compound

March-April 1964 49 on the deck. The resin was filled immediately with a fine, hard, dust-free aggregate, which resulted in a nonskid surface. The aggregate was. shoveled from trucks in the adjacent lane. The distributor truck was provided with separate tanks to hold the two components of the epoxy coal tar compound. Volume and temperature controls were both critical. The distributor was especially designed to handle the mixture used. rPaffc As was the case in all other work performed on this project, disruption of the heavy Bay Bridge traffic was held to a minimum. To avoid hind- rance to morning and evening peak hour movements, the contractor's operations were limited to the hours between 8.30 a.m. and 4 p.m. After the morning rush hour, the two lanes required for the contractor's operations were blocked oPf. Before the evening rush, all equipment was removed from the deck, with only that portion of the roadway surfaced that day closed to traffic. About one lane-mile of deck ~~as surfaced each day. It requixed from 3 to 12 hours for the epoxy coal tar mixture to set, depending upon The comp/efed upper deck strengthening as seen from below on }he lower deck showing the additional the temperature. The paved area was transverse joists, unders}ringers, floor beam coverplate and typical lower deck lighting installation. opened to traffic the next day, after the excess aggregate had been removed and temporary lane stripes installed. The resurfacing operations on the upper deck caused little inconvenience to the traveling public, and the resulting improvement' will benefit the users for many years to come.

Lower Deck LighTing The lower deck, as originally constructed, was divided for use by two different types of transportation. The northerly portion was surfaced for motor vehicles. The southerly portion carried railroad tracks for electric trains. Sodium vapor lights, similar to those on the upper deck, were in place on the northerly side.. No lights were installed in the area where the electric trains operated. Since the existing lighting was inadequate for the new traffic pattern, it was decided to install a modern highway lighting system that would com- Upper deck tragic after change to one-way operation. plement the new lower deck roadway.

50 California Highways and Public Works To accomplish this required the demolition of a portion of the existing structure and construction of a ramp at the new elevation. It was extended to cross over First Street and termi- nates at Fremont Street. This change permitted traffic leaving the bridge to move into the one-way pattern on Fremont Street, which leads directly into San Francisco's financial and business districts. It also eliminates a traffic light an First Street, a cross- town, one-way artery.

Yerba Buena Island Approaches The existing approaches on the west side of Yerba Buena Island were constructed as a part of the access roads to the Golden Gate Interna- tional Exposition, which was held on Treasure Island in 1939 and 1940. They were considered temporary and were to be removed at the conclusion of the Exposition. With the advent of World War II and the establishment of the Navy Lower deck lighting on the West Bay spans. base on Treasure Island, the approaches continued in use over the Fluorescent lighting was selected for upper deck of the bridge. This access intervening years. However, these the following reasons: was provided by raising the existing temporary approaches were inade- 1. The existing sodium vapor lights Fremont Street off-ramp to the same quate for today's usage, particularly and fixtures are obsolete and are grade as the Terminal roadway. the ramp leading from the upper no longer manufactured except on special orders and at premium prices. 2. Fluorescent lamps are economical with respect to (a) initial cost, (b) operating costs, and (c) lamp life (up to 10,000 hours). The new lower deck lighting can- sists of two lines of fluorescent fixtures installed in alternate panels. In the West Bay spans the fixtures are attached to the stringers while in the East Bay spans they are fastened. to the floor joists. The. new lighting on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge is in accordance with the latest practice for highway lighting. The average illumination is approximately three foot-candles as compared to 0.5 foot-candle on the upper deck. Approaehes Before one-way traffic could be instituted it was necessary to provide some means for buses to reach the Transbay Transit Terminal from the Lower deck lighting on the viaduct section of the East Bay spans looking west toward fhe tunnel.

March-April 1964 51 deck. A new steel structure with concrete deck was built to allow San Francisco-bound traffic to reach the upper deck. Access from the lower deck for eastbound traffic was constructed at grade. Overhead Signs The newly reconstructed bridge, with one-way trafFic on each:. deck, required the installation of adequate signs to inform the motoring public. Internally illuminated overhead signs were chosen. Selection of the type of structural framework and the style of the signs was based primarily on aesthetic considerations. Colors used for the panels conform to standards for the interstate highway system. Locations were carefully selected, particularly on the West Bay spans, where the effect on the view from the bridge into the City of San Francisco was of major importance. The internally illuminated signs present a pleasing addition to the bridge, especially at night. One-wpy traffic Instituted On October 12, 1963, unidirectional traffic movements were put into effect. This was almost five years after the beginning of reconstruction on The control panel of a special truck for placing epoxy coal tar material. Gauges indicate pressures and the San Francisco approaches, and one temperatures of each mixture as well as the mixing chamber. month less than 27 years following the opening of the bridge to vehicular traffic on November 12, 1936. During the short period in which one-way movements have been in operation, there is ample evidence that motorists are now enjoying a faster and safer trip. The speed limit has been raised from 35 on the lower deck and 40 on the upper deck to 50 miles per hour, and traffic has been flowing evenly, secure in the knowledge that head-on collisions are no longer a major hazard on the bridge. The California Highway Patrol recently issued a statement that statistics indicate that accidents have decreased by 32 percent, with 52 percent fewer injury accidents and no fatalities. Added to this is the comfort experienced in using the wider traffic lanes. The driver is relieved of the tension that was brought about by ne- gotiating the narrow nine-foot eight- inch lanes that formerly existed on Equipment frain for resurfacing the upper deck. The special truck for placing %a-inch-thick epoxy coal far the upper deck. is in fhe lead followed by fine aggregate truck. . .Continued on page 59

52 California Highways and Public Works Merced County FAS Route e ev ue Od Is Widened, Bridge Replaced By VERNE L. DAVIS, Road Commissioner, Merced County

Castle Air Force Base, present home DISTRICT of the Strategic Air XCommand's 93rd Air Bombardment Wing, was acti- vated in December 1941. With the gro~~th of the Air Base, the surrounding area, including the Cities of Merced, Atwater and Livingston, also grew at a rapid rate because of the proximity of this vital defense installation. During the past 20-plus years, many of the roads leading to the air base have been reconstructed and improved to satisfy the demands of the traffic volumes generated by the defense The Bellevue Road project is located between Atwater and Castle Air Force Base. installation.

Looking east along Phe completed Bellevue Road improvement of the Livingston Canal crossing.

March-April i 964 53

Public Public Works 54 54 and and California California Highways Highways

contractor. of of on on side. Modesto Modesto Livingston Livingston each each the the within and and was was railing railing being being Canal Canal steel steel of of bank bank

Company sidewalks engineer. engineer. Materials Materials -foot -foot Standard Standard west five to to plus plus the the width width Road Road Shaffer Shaffer way way from from portion portion

resident road- rection rection structure structure Rowan, Rowan, the the full full of of westerly miles, miles, concrete concrete of of Melvin Melvin with with 1.05 1.05 with with a a B. B. ect ect is is

the the replaced di- neering neering was was inspection inspection under under and and completed completed proj- across across Canal Canal the the Livingston Livingston of of length length T'he T'he

construction construction engi- bridge State State timber timber the the provided provided substandard substandard The The .. .. Highways. of of sion sion

county county and Personnel Personnel the the both both from from Replaced Bridge Bridge Divi- and and Merced Merced the the County County of of the the

Merced Merced funds. Atwater, between between the the of of City City constructed. work work 84 -foot -foot was was right -of -way -way

County County gas gas of cent cent funds, funds, tax tax and and design and and negotiations, negotiations, planning planning an within within between between curbs, curbs, concrete concrete

Atwater Atwater % % matching matching - funds, funds, of of coordinated City City of of months months culminated culminated 18 18 roadway -foot -foot four 64 -lane -lane undivided undivided

and and state secondary secondary with with aid aid federal federal construction start start this this The The of of base. base. therefore, therefore, a ditional ditional traffic traffic lanes; lanes;

financed approximately approximately $179,000, $179,000, was was to to the the air improved improved artery artery recently recently required required ad- peak peak High High hour hour volumes volumes

improvement The The cost cost total total of of the the 1354, 1354, most FAS FAS the the Road, Road, Route Route volumes. vue vue inadequate inadequate for for the the traffic traffic

reconstruction reconstruction Belle- of of on on areas. pleted pleted the the tive tive entirely Livingston Livingston across across were were Canal Canal

was was work work com- 1963, 1963, respec- in in county county and and their their 1, 1, the the July July On On city city bridge two narrow narrow -lane -lane road road the the and and

acquired acquired by by

the were were -of Rights -way -way the the of of existing City City Atwater. Atwater. The The Completed Work Work

westward. view view is is }ersection }ersection The The with with Rood. Rood. The The Buhach Buhach at at the the east east the the project project end end in of of Added Funds Are Provided o ser- nru ~ For Local Roads, Streets

By C. T. LEDDEN, City and County Projects Engineer

EditoY's note: This analysis of Remaining Provisions ing programs involve cities only; one S.B. 344 and description of the ad- The remaining provisions of the act involves counties only. The new pro- ministrative procedures involved which pertain to the financing and gram involves both cities and counties. was presented at the street and improvement of city streets and The old %8-cent gas tax program highway conference in Berkeley on county roads will for the most part available to cities for construction of January 31, 1964. be administered by the Department of major.. city streets and general street Senate Bill 344 was the parent legis- Public Works through the Division of maintenance has been increased by lation which resulted in the "Collier- Highways. 0.1 cent; this now becomes a 7% -mill Unruh Local Transportation Develop- To assist in this administration the or 0.725-cent program. The act ment Act" added to the California department has prepared and distrib- changes the percentages of these funds statutes during the 1963 legislative uted a "Procedural Manual" to guide which can be spent for construction session. The following is a discussion the cities and the counties as well as and maintenance; at least 40 percent of the act itself with particular em- the division's staff in implementing the must now be expended for construc- phasis on its administration and the various provisions and requirements. tion, and a maximum of 60 percent procedural policies which have been It should be emphasized that these ad- may be spent for maintenance. The developed for its implementation. ministrative procedures have resulted construction must be on a select sys- Basically, the Collier-Unruh Act is from cooperative effort by representa- tem of streets; the maintenance may a tax measure sponsored by the cities tive committees appointed by the involve any street within the city. and the counties of California to pro- League of California Cities, the Cali- The 0.1-cent increment which be- vide additional funds for improvement fornia Association of County Super- came effective with the November of city and county transportation sys- visors, and the State. They represent, (1963) apportionment is estimated to tems. in fact, a compromise position. They amount to approximately $6,600,000 The act embodies two major provi- are, however, workable and are mu- in the 1964-65 fiscal year, increasing sions: one relates to the financing of tually acceptable as a starting base the cities' allocation under this pro- public rapid transit; the other pertains with the added understanding that gram for this period to an estimated to the financing and improvement of they are subject to modification where $47,205,060. This program will he ad- city streets and county roads. necessary for clarification or to effect ministered by the department gen- Provisions which refer to rapid a better statewide program. erally under the same statutes which transit are contained in the two fol- As to the new street and road pro- covered the old %a-cent program. The lowing provisions: visions of the act, it is estimated that only change in administrative pro- (1) The board of supervisors of for the 1964-65 fiscal year approxi- cedures under this program is that each county is authorized to pass an mately $74,800,000 in additional funds projects may henceforth be given a ordinance increasing the present fee will be made available to the cities and field review by the department during on motor vehicles (in-lieu tax) by counties for street and road purposes. construction. one-half of 1 percent—this increase to This additional revenue will be de- The second program involving be used exclusively for planning, ac- rived from a 1-cent increase in gaso- cities only which is affected by the quiring, constructing, operating and/ line tax, a 1-cent increase in liquefied act is that which provides gas tax or maintaining a rapid transit system. petroleum fees and 19 percent across- funds for engineering or adimnistra- It may also be used for making con- the-board increase in commercial tive purposes. This program is contributions to another district or weight fees. About 71.1 percent of tinued—the only change being that ac- agency duly constituted for this pur- this increase or $53,300,000 will be ap- cumulated funds which are three years pose. portioned to cities; the remainder of or older, if converted by a city to use percent or about (2) Any city or county is author- 28.9 $21,500,000, will for construction, must be spent on the go to counties. All ized to spend for the same purposes apportionments select system of streets instead of on will be in accordance with described above the moneys which it statutory the old major street system. Adminis- formulas. presently receives from existing motor tration of this program will continue responsibility vehicle (in-lieu tax) fees. Road Programs A$eefed as the of the department. These provisions of the act which Three existing street and/or road refer to rapid transit are the responsi- programs are affected by the act, and For CounTies Only bility of, and will be administered by one new street and road program is The third existing program affected the Department of Motor Vehicles. created by the act. Two of the exist- by the act pertains to counties only.

March-April 1964 55 Looking north along Santa Anita Avenue in fhe City of Arcadia, at the intersection of Camino Real Avenue. This is the type of local improvement which will 6e accelerated under the Collier-Unruh Ad.

Previously, the counties received Under provisions of the act, the Old System Abolished under various statutes the equivalent statutes are simplified to the extent The old county primary road sys- of the revenue from 1 %8 cents of gas that effective January 1, 1964, the tems are abolished in favor of a select tax, amounting to approximately $81,- counties will receive apportionments system of roads, and the act stipulates 000,000 in the 1962-63 fiscal year. equivalent to the revenue from 1 %g that at least 20 percent of the new They also renewed an additional cents gas tax. Under the new.simpli- 1 %8-cent funds must be spent for amount which varied from year to fied formula some counties will receive construction on right=of-way on this year according to vehicle registra- more and some will receive less than select system. The portion of the tions. In the 1962-63 fiscal year this they did previously; statewide, how- program involving these 20-percent additional amount approximated $14,- ever, overall apportionments under the funds will be administered by the de- 000,000, bringing the total to approxi- new formula are estimated to be some- partment to the extent of verifying mately $95,000,000. what greater. that the required expenditures are

56 California Highways and Public Works made in accordance with directives of cities for purposes of effecting a dif- gas tax funds. The designated match- the act. The remaining portion of this ferent basis for distribution of the ing ratio which reaches a 1:1 basis program will continue to he admin- county's "base sum" allocation. The after seven years starts with a 1:2 istered by the office of the State Con- department is required to verify such basis ("1" —local agency funds, and trc~ller as in the past. agreements prior to malting the ad- "2"—gas tax funds) for the initial The new program created by the justed apportionments. four-year period. act, and which involves both cities The funds thus received by each Matching Credit and counties, is often referred to as city and county must he expended for the 1 -cent program. Actually the act construction or acquisition of rights- To permit the use by a city or provides that the revenue from 1.04 of-way nn a select system of streets county of certain local contributions cents of gas tax shall be made available and roads. Such expenditures must be for "matching" credit the act provides to the local agencies beginning Janu- used primarily for benefiting vehicular that expenditures by a subdivider, ary 1, 1964. It is estimated that this traffic nn that select system; they must under the direction of a city or new revenue will amount to about also he made in accordance with county, for construction or right of $67,715,000 during the 1964-65 fiscal designated geometric and structural way acquisition on the select system year. These funds will be allocated standards—the same standards used in shall be considered as expenditures annually by the California Highway preparation of the local street and road made by that city or county. Commission and apportioned and paid deficiency studies made for the Legis- The act provides that a report shall monthly by the department. lature in 1959 pursuant to Senate be submitted annually to the Legisla- Apportionments and payments will Concurrent Resolution No. 62'. For ture by the department covering ex- he made to eligible cities and counties sufficient cause the department is au- penditures by the local agencies on in accordance with statutory direc- tllorized to permit deviations from the select system. Fiscal information tives. First of all, each eligible city these standards. for this report is to be prepared by will he entitled to a monthly grant of Intended To Supplement the cities and counties and forwarded $400 and each eligible county a to the department in The select system of streets and two separate re- monthly grant of $800. The remainder ports: one roads upon which the funds are to be to be submitted by July 1 S of each monthly allocation will each then expended is, generally speaking, in- year covering expenditures of be divided among the various counties tended to supplement, from a traffic "matching" funds, and the other to be on the basis of relative vehicle regis- standpoint, the state highway system. submitted by September 1 each year trations. The amounts thus computed A mileage limitation is established for covering detailed expenditures, in will constitute the "base sum" for each city and county select system general. Information for the report each county. Each county's "base equal to 50 percent of the total public covering actual construction of the sum" is then divided between incor- highway transportation system, less select system roads and streets is to be porated and unincorporated areas on the mileage of state highways. Selec- obtained by the department by review the basis of assessed valuations. The tion of each local system is the respon- and inspection of work in progress, or "incorporated" areas' share is then di- sibility of the individual city or by audit and inspection of the work vided between the cities making up county. This selection is guided by following completion. that area on the basis of relative designated criteria and is subject to populations. Penalties Listed review and approval or modification To assure compliance of the' new Eligibility by the Highway Commission. For street and road improvement program To become eligible for apportion- purposes of permitting the expendi- with requirements, the act provides ments, each city and county must by ture of 1.04 cents or "matching" funds that for any one of four a official action adopt a resolution stat- nn cooperative projects on state high- causes city or county must ing that it approves of the imposition ways, the act provides for their in- forfeit by way of of the additional gas tax and desires to clusion in the select system. penalty the apportionments or por- participate in the resulting street and tions thereof to which it would other- In order to provide local participa- road improvement program. A copy wise be eligible. These causes are: tion in the program the act requires of such resolution must, also, be filed "matching" expenditures by each city (1) Failure to submit the original with the department. and county. This "matching" is on an resolution concurring in the imposi- The act recognizes that the desig- annual basis, rather than a project by tion of the additional gas tax and ex- nated three-way formula for appor- project basis, except that an oppor- pressing adesire to participate therein. tionment of funds may not in every tunity is provided to accumulate (2) Failure to expend .the allotted instance adequately meet the local "matching" credit for 10 years ahead. -cent gas needs, particularly with respect to dis- The "matching" funds must derive 1.04 tax funds within a speci- tribution within a county according from sources other than the Highway fied (five-year maximum) period. to ,relative assessed valuation. To per- Users Tax Fund or the State Highway (3) Failure to expend sufficient mit adjustments in this portion of the Fund and they must be expended on "matching" funds in any fiscal year formula,the act authorizes local agree- the same select system and in accord- when "matching" credit has not pre- ments between a county and any of its ance with the same standards as the viously been established.

March-April 1964 57 ^~ ' ~

i ~~„

~~ ~!' __ , ~ ., .,a• i~. ~ o~ ,~

q ~ ;_ ~~ ,:~~

,I ``+ ,& ice« ~\~', ~j r' ~ ~ i `. ~

~., ~; '. ~n F a ~y.i~M i ~a1~ ~ ~ s ~`.f~ ,nor` ~ $~i~~''pp.°~~p~~`~mo' ~ ~aJ ~~{~~~ ~Ar_ ~'•..r kl'~ -• :' ~ :.` ~ ~1 ~ 1 y f\ ~s~ ~— - ~~sr r~s,ms ~ P ~ ,,, ~ u ~~~

~ ~s~ ~ ~~ ~c ~ - ~

~~ I~C' L ~ C'f ~T ~I: .~ a .~-y~ !. e CITY OF RICHMOND '1~ SELEC? SYSTEM

r — — C ~ ~ . m , ~.~ I ~ 3sie, ~ ~ y y i~~~ ~ ;,.,E.~...... o.o.

A +ypical map showing the new select system of roads and streets, this one for the City of Richmond.

(4) Failure to construct an im- withholding of funds from future ap- criteria, the department will be avail- provement project in accordance with portionments for noncompliance. able to give prior review and com- designated standards or approved de- The act does not require a city or ment regarding any plans when so re- viations therefrom. county to submit any program, nor quested by a city or county. Funds withheld from future ap- any plans or specifications. In order to In summary, it can be said that the portionments by the department for facilitate administration, however, the act specifies three distinct levels of causes (1), (2), and (3), above are department is requesting that each responsibility: one by the California automatically redistributed to the local agency where possible submit Highway Commission, one by the De- other cities and counties. Funds with- annually a brief outline of its pro- partment of Public Works, and one held for reason (4) are held in sus- posed work schedule, a set of plans by the local city and county govern- pense by the department pending cor- and estimate of quantities if available ments. Further, the act enumerates rection of the deficiency by the city when a project is advertised, and a four separate conditions under which or county. If this correction is not notice of when a project is started and a city or county must forfeit by way made within a specified period (four- when it is completed. It is felt by the of penalty the apportionments or por- year maximum) the funds are reap- department that compliance with this tions thereof to which it would other- portioned to the other cities and coun- request will result in greater benefits wise be eligible. As a cooperative un- ties. to a city or county than any incon- dertaking by governments of the Administratively, the most import- venience that may be caused. Also, State, it should be incumbent on all ant responsibility given to the depart- while .not required by the act, in order three levels of responsibility to see ment under terms of the act involves to be of maximum assistance to the that the necessity for penalty for- verification of compliance of expendi- cities and counties, and in an effort to feitures does not arise. and to strive to- tures under the act with the numerous minimize possible nonconformance of gether to make this a successful as provisions of the act, and the possible projects with designated standards and well as a workable gas tax program.

58 California Highways and Public Works Sacramento Freeways Model Exhibited in Capito ~~~- :.~ r;

._ e

iwo large three-dimensional models of a portion of the freeway complex planned for Sacramen}o went on display in January in the east wing lobby of the State Capitol. the models, prepared by fhe Bridge Departments architectural section, had been on display separately in various locations, and were joined together for the Capitol exhibit. The Sacramento River is shown in }he center, with the Interstate 80 freeway bridge (now under construction) in the foreground, as it will appear by 1967. the north-south freeway paralleling the river is Interstate 5. It swings away from the river just north of the Tower Bridge fo fit in with the Sacramento Redevelopment area and historic landmark plans. Shown putting finishing (ouches on the model before the clear plastic cover was fitted over it ore Louis Baker (standing) and William H. Tuthill (seated) of the bridge architectural section. At left is Assistant District Engineer H. F. Sherwood of District 111, and of right is a Sacramento television cameraman recording }he installation of }he display. The exhibit remained in the Capitol until ~ early in March and was then moved fo location in downtown Sacramento.

Continued from page 52 . N. C. Raab, projects engineer, was which will be started this spring, and The AC Transit System has cut in overall charge of reconstruction of new equipment to help maintenance time schedules of their transbay buses the San Francisco—Oakland Bay Bridge forces will be installed. These con- and have attributed the time savings from the inception of the project in tracts along with some minor items, to the completion of improvements on 1957 until his retirement in July 1963. will finally complete the rehabilitation Construction the bridge. was supervised by Ben of the Bay Bridge. However, the Balala, principal bridge Reconstruction of the bridge has engineer, and major goal has been reached—that of also provided the additional capacity his assistant, Howard C. Whitty. De- transforming the structure to unidi- to handle increased traffic which has sign was accomplished under the directional traffic. been developing during the interven- rection of Howard F. Topping and ing years. In November of 1963, a Vernon J. Richey. The Department of Public Works new high of 145,046 vehicles crossed There still remains some mechanical has awarded a $1,739,000 contract the bridge without incident in a single and electrical work to be done, infor 24-hour period. The average daily cluding the installation of additional constructing 1.2 miles of six-lane free- traffic for the calendar year 1963 was call boxes to increase the ease with way on State Sign Route 22 (Garden 119,506 vehicles. In 1958, the year re- which motorists can call for assistance Grove Freeway) between Harbor construction was started, the volume when in difficulty. The lower deck is Boulevard and Garden Grove Boule- was 99,295. to be resurfaced under a contract vard in Orange County.

March-~4pril 1964 59

60 60

California California Highways Highways Public Public and and Works

operations operations

or or couched couched

in in terminology

path path method method to to highway highway department planning planning or or work work overloads overloads occur.

tical tical path path procedures procedures to to highway

dural dural

manual manual

for for applying applying the the

critical

functional functional activities activities

where where

conflicts conflicts

peared, peared,

very very few few articles articles relating relating cri- publication publication of of an an illustrated illustrated

proce-

copies copies

of of

diagram diagram this this

reschedules and and

and and in in

missile missile

production production

had had ap-

work. work. It It subsequently subsequently has has sponsored

furnishes furnishes

department department heads heads

with

use use of of CPM CPM in in the the building building industry

to to

diversified diversified

functions functions of of highway

path path

diagram. diagram. district district The The coordinator

though though several several articles articles depicting depicting the prehensive prehensive study study

CPM CPM

of of as as it it relates

are are then then

transferred transferred master master

critical to to

a a

the the then then existing existing situation situation that that was was at at al- the the undertaking undertaking time time a a com-

tion tion

and and

advertising, advertising, project, each each for for

edgement edgement is is mentioned mentioned to to point point up work. work. The The Bureau Bureau Public Public of of Roads

construction construction between between HighzUays HighzUays activities activities incep- magazine. magazine. This This acknowl- nique nique and and application application its its highway to to

in in the the April April Control Control 1962 1962 issue issue dates dates of of Aynerica7a related related major major ering ering all all to to pre- basic basic principles principles CPM CPM of of tech-

of of the the U.S. U.S. Bureau Bureau of of Public Public Roads extending extending workshop workshop these these 1967. Sacramento Sacramento data data seminar seminar in in year year the the to to cov-

from from an an article article by by L. L. R. R. Schureman duction duction of of Public Public control control Roads Roads conduct conduct for for to to chart chart projects, all all -day atwo

used used this this for for explanation explanation were,. were,. taken basis, basis, District District man man and and C. C. Tennent Tennent R. R. has has I I developed developed of of a a the the pro- Bureau

The The CPM CPM network network and and material fortunate fortunate Using Using the the in in program program planning planning obtaining obtaining R. R. as as L. L. Schure- a

lated lated bridge bridge construction construction project. a a instances instances few few In In mentioned. are are October October 1963, 1963, the the division division was

of of men men and and equipment equipment on on simu- the the cation cation of of CPM CPM technique technique is is varied varied and quarters quarters units.

helped helped

in in the the economical economical Experience Experience assignment of of districts districts the the in in appli- personnel personnel from from district district and and Head-

ally ally appraised appraised

and and decision - making

for for training training the,subject the,subject on on selected for for Varied Varied Experience

throughout throughout the the project project could could be be visu- sion sion and and

led led

to to

a a

decision decision

to to arrange

available available the the

to to districts districts upon upon request.

illustrated illustrated

how how restraints restraints of of time lated lated interest interest

in in

the the

subject subject

in in the the

divi-

networks networks related related and and

information information are

diagramed diagramed construction construction operations uses uses CPM CPM of of

in in highway highway

stimu- work work

gether gether

explanatory explanatory with with

The material. material.

ect ect (Figure (Figure 1). 1). The The network network of indoctrination indoctrination This This

to to

multiple the the

CPM CPM networks networks has has

obtained obtained been been to-

single -span -span bridge bridge construction construction proj-

Interest Interest

Stimulated

this this

moderate moderate writing writing

a a backlog backlog of a a CPM CPM network network for for a a hypothetical

then then

functional functional

areas areas under under study study highway highway the the

of of effort. effort. in in district. At

exhibit exhibit and and step -by -step -step explanation explanation of

tion tion planning planning applications applications and and

of of various design design CPM CPM in in work work

which which were duction duction was was followed followed by by a a projector

CPM CPM CPM CPM networks networks with with districts districts applicable applicable coordina-

the the and and to to highway

of of the the IBM IBM Corporation. Corporation. This This intro-

1963 1963

District District neer, neer, the the in in liaison liaison for for subject subject

of of VII, VII, nn nn

model model or or of

typical

representative representative of of the the Sacramento Sacramento office

K. K. Sweet, Sweet, Design, Design, Ebert Ebert Jung, Jung, program program

designated was was budgets budgets and and

engi-

plications plications were were demonstrated demonstrated by by

display display A A

engineer engineer staff staff explanation explanation Headquarters and and

in in Raymond by by

arrow arrow diagraming diagraming and and computer computer

ap-

ference ference

discussion discussion concluded concluded

with with a

sion. nomenclature, nomenclature, explanation explanation of of terms,

Sacramento Sacramento The The

management management

con-

requested requested distribution distribution for for the the in in divi- was was basic. basic. Elements Elements of of the the process,

people people had had

been been published.

Copies Copies tions. tions. of of manual manual this this have have been The The Sacramento Sacramento discussion discussion CPM of of

understandable understandable readily readily by by

highway administrative administrative engineering engineering

and and func- ElemenTs ElemenTs Demonstrated

the the U.S. U.S. Bureau Bureau of of Public Public Roads.

Public Public of of Roads. in in March March of of 1962 1962 under under auspices auspices of

workshop workshop A A photo, photo, showing showing the the instructors, instructors,

C. C. R. R. 7ennent 7ennent

(left) (left) Shureman Shureman Bureau of of (right) (right) L. L. the the R. R. and and

ing ing productivity productivity held held in in San San Francisco

ence ence on on improved improved highway highway engineer-

first first having having been been at at a a regional regional confer-

the the second second introduction introduction to to CPM, CPM, the

way way work. work. For For a a few few present present this this was

technique technique to to various various phases phases of of high-

and and the the application application of of this this scheduling

explanation explanation of of critical critical path path method

sion sion two two hours hours were were devoted devoted to to an

methods methods and and procedures. procedures. At At this this ses-

review review of of electronic electronic data data processing

principal principal grade grade up, up, and and covering covering a

Sacramento Sacramento for for division division personnel personnel of

management management conference conference was was held held in

December December In In of of a a 1962 1962 two -day

By By RICHARD RICHARD Systems Systems POTTER, POTTER, V. V. Research Research Engineer

r~ r~ Ica Ica d d e e o For greater detail at the project engineer level, District I uses an advance planning critical path network and a design department critical path diagram. District III has networked three design projects on interstate and federal aid routes, two. having about 100 activities and the third having 240 activities. Time data from these networks were listed on input forms furnished by Headquarters and computer print- outs obtained tabulating the activities which fell on the critical path. The district found the data valuable in scheduling manpower and predicting areas susceptible of delay. In each in- Staff engineers work ouf a CPM exercise at }he workshop session. stance the so-called .LESS program (least-cost estimating and scheduling) 1. Factors such as utility relocation 4. Network preparation encourages was used to computerize the network controls, traffic handling, stage con- the designer to think logically and data. The PERT program (program struction, ordering and fabricating systematically, thereby eliminating evaluation review technique) has also time allowances, settlement periods, many possible oversights and omis- been taped in the division's data proc- specified order of work, practical se- sions. essing center and is available for use quence of construction operations, S. The method has the capability of in producing tabulations based on etc. can better be analyzed with re- allowing computer application if the utilizing the "pessimistic", "average" spect to their effect on overall con- project variables and controls are and "optimistic" time factors prede- struction time requirements. complex. termined for the activities. 2. A comprehensive, clear, visual The district's instructions require that, in addition to including in the Summarized diagram of the entire job is provided. Advantages preliminary report the usual bar chart IV recognized that net- The Construction Department and District (Form R-147) for estimate of con- working contractor's job opera- can better determine the Headquarters struction time, a CPM network analy- provide means for the de- tions would exactly 'what the designer considered sis of the construction operations also sign project engineer to become more in arriving at the recommended time be prepared and submitted in the pre- knowledgeable about the sequence of limit. liminary report for corroboration of construction operations from the con- 3. Controlling items can be clearly the estimated number of working tractor's point of view and concur- recognized and identified, allowing days. rently furnish a way to confirm the the consideration of the effect of Departmental Training estimate for number of working days in a contract furnished in the prelimi- changes or modifications toward Departmental training on CP~1~ in nary report. Advantages of contract either lengthening or shortening the District IV is handled by the district's time analysis by CPM have been sum- overall time as the individual case re- programs and budgets department marized by District IV as follows: quires. with the greatest activity so far being in application of the technique to pre- construction work. Network analyses have been used in 22 design projects to arrive at more realistic plan completion dates and to better insure meeting significant intermediate dates. The PERT and LESS computer programs have been used in some of these projects. The district observes that better project coordination has resulted as intermediate dates involy- ing service departments are deter- inined ahead of time and these departments are then in a position to evaluate their work loads and prepare themselves to meet the required target Figure 1. Sample CPM network for single-span bridge construction project. Heavy line illustrates the critical path, dates.

March-April 7 464 _ 61 District IV considers that the proj- principal functional stages of each nique provides an excellent means of ect engineer is the key man in prepar- project in the overall program can be scheduling manpower by names and ing a CPM analysis on a particular monitored. dates, reporting progress and commu- project. Since such an analysis re- In the processing of contracts the nicating status of work to supervisors quires a wide knowledge of pro- division does not include in the special and subordinates. The disciplined cedures and activities to complete a provisions any requirement for sub- thinking required for scheduling a project in design, every department in mission of critical path networks by complex project from inception to District IV has prepared a flow dia- bidders. In this area, however, con- final completion results in orderly gram of its activities and operations tractors on highway construction in planning and job coordination. involved for a hypothetical large In- California have voluntarily pro- The scheduling of highway work in terstate freeway project. These de- gramed their operations on the basis the planning, design, right-of-way, partmental diagrams materially aid the of CP1VI and other public agencies construction and maintenance phases project engineer in the preparation of in the State such as the U.S. Corps of the division's work by critical path the CPM network. of Engineers and the Department of technique is optional. It is the preroga- Water Resources have advertised tive of each district or divisional unit Further Studies work specifying submission of CPM to develop networks applicable to its In addition to its pioneer work in networks by successful bidders. methods of developing CPM networks for use by Critical path networking can alert project development, tak- project planning and design engineers, management to areas where program ing into consideration the talent avail- District VII is currently studying conflicts exist. Overload departmental able in the district for network devel- means to schedule the district's entire situations can be detected and a visual opment, the cost and the practical planning program on a CPM network means furnished for adjustment with benefits to be derived from the sched- to the degree that progress of the a probability of success. The tech- uling undertaken.

Scenic Iii hvvay~'edvisory committee Holds I!l~eetin~

The Governor's newly appointed Scenic Highway Advisory Commi►tee met in Sacramento on February 19. Those attending were (seated around fable beginning left): Edwin 5. Moore, member, executive vice president of the California Sfafe Automobile _Association; Robert Grunwald, member, landscape architect from Hanford and currently president of the California Chapter of the American Institute of Planners; Dee W. McKenzie, member, Chief of the Design Section, High- way and Bridge Division of Sacramento County; Senator Fred S. Farr of Monterey County, sponsor of the legislation creating the committee; John Erreca, Sta4e Di- rector of Public Works; Harry P. Schmidt, committee chairman, County Supervisor of Merced County from Gustine; Richard M. Leonard, member, an attorney from Berkeley; Nathaniel Owings, committee vice chairman, partner in a San Francisco archi►ectural firm whose home is in Big Sur; and C. Perry Walker, member, an engineer now also serving as city councilman of Manhattan Beach and who is past president of the League of California Cities. Seated against the map in right background between Leonard and Owings is Lawrence E. Larsen, assistant design engineer for the Stale Division of Highways.

62 California Highways and Public Works 0 I ~ Street, Highway Conference Stresses'Broader Picture'

~~~any of the nearly 500 street, road, us, will increase our workload," a The Federal Highway Administra- highway and traffic experts of city, county road commissioner added, "it tor pointed to the 41,000-mile inter- county, state and federal government will go a .long way toward making our state highway system, 80 percent of who attended the 16th annual street streets, roads and highways a smoothly which is on new location, as causing and highway conference sponsored by integrated system." the greatest single impetus to the Institute of Transportation and blending of aesthetics and engineering. the Whitton Urges Aes4hetics Traffic Engineering at the University He suggested that engineers inven- Whitton appeared as the first of California, Berkeley, January 30— tory scenic points of interest which speaker after the welcoming address February 1, remarked that several of might affect route location and take by Dean George Maslach Uni- the speeches reflected great changes in of the advantage of any breathtaking vistas versity's College of Engineering. Urg- California's highway picture. for locating safety-rest areas. ing increased attention to aesthetics, never thought the head of the "I Whitton said that highway engineers Later in the program, Harry D. of Public Roads (Rex M. Bureau in the past may have underestimated Freeman, Deputy Director for Plan- Federal Highway Admin- Z~hitton, its desirability or overestimated its ning, California Department of Public istrator) fly to California to tell would possible added costs. He praised the Works, told attendees that the Legis- that costs can be justified us increased increasing tendency toward enlisting lature gave serious and sympathetic designing highways to in locating and landscape architects and city planners attention to the conservation of nat- appearance," said, improve their one to assist in highway location and ural scenery and the need for aesthet- the Chairman of the Senate "or that design. ics and recreation at its last session. Transportation Committee (Senator "Note that I include location as well Freeman used color slides to illus- Randolph Collier) would devote half as design," Whitton said "Aesthetics trate views of the scenic corridors of his speech to airport development." must be an important consideration along the routes of the "master "Even though Senate Bill 344, which from the beginning; it is not a'trim- planned" scenic highway system pro- Ledden (Charles T. Ledden, City and ming to ,be tacked on after the loca- vided by Senate Bill 1467, and outlined County Projects Engineer, California tion is settled and the design details steps that must be taken by local gov- Division of Highways) explained to are half done." ernmental bodies to protect them.

This section of Sir Francis Drake Boulevard (Federal Aid Secondary County Road 608) in Marin County northwest of San Rafael illustrates the point made by the speakers at fhe recent Street and Highway Conference that h.`ghways should be aesthetically pleasing as well as functional.

March-April 1964 63

44 44 Works Public Public anc! anc! California California Highways Highways

highway highway system. system. predictions Legislature Legislature The The also several several made made after after 1965. July July gineering, gineering, 1, 1,

fundamental fundamental importance importance the the in in overall to to he he funds lation lation eligible eligible federal federal for for En- Traffic Traffic and and Transportation Transportation of of

streets streets

local local roads roads

and and because because

of of their urban urban 50,000 50,000 more more areas areas than than popu- of of Institute director, director, Davis, Davis, Harmer Harmer E. E.

"The "The Legislature Legislature has has interest interest an an in Act Act Highway Highway for for of of projects projects 1962 1962 in

streets.

roads roads and and

the the funds. requirements requirements of of Aid Federal Federal the the

design design

of structural structural discussed discussed the the

cient cient administration administration Highways, Highways, gineer, gineer,

Division Division outlined of of

of of State State provided

Oakland, Oakland, who Associates, Associates, Sherard Sherard and and

and and Charles Charles subsequent subsequent laws laws G. G. planning planning urban urban aimed aimed en- Beer, Beer, at at the the effi-

Clyde,

Woodward, Woodward,

Vice Vice President, President,

of of intent intent 1947 1947 standards. nated nated the the -Burns -Burns Collier Act

Olitt, Arnold Arnold and and liability; liability; public public The The Senator Senator conformance conformance desig- of of with with reviewed reviewed projects projects the the legislative

developments developments in explained explained recent recent

review review

plans plans non- to to possible possible minimize minimize

Senator Senator Reviews Reviews Legislation

requested requested cities cities by by to counties counties and and roads." who County, County, Angeles Angeles Los Los Counsel, Counsel,

Highways Highways of of is is vision vision when available available annually annually County Deputy Deputy C. C. Lynch, Lynch, for for Robert Robert city city and and streets streets county

promised promised and and that that the the Di- the the staff staff votes votes of of and and Deverman's Deverman's remarks; provided provided nn nn mented mented about about $70,0.00,000

article, article, 55) -Unruh -Unruh "Collier both both houses houses page page Act," Act," who who with with County, County, com- Santa Santa exceptionally exceptionally Clara Clara troller, troller, strong

portionments portionments be be (see down, down, forfeited forfeited may may Senate Senate Con- 344 344 Glaeser, Glaeser, went went Bill Bill procedures, procedures, and and Lee Lee N. N. through

of of the the gates gates four four ways ways ap- in in which which homework, homework, and, and, accounting road road when when and and the the budget budget chips chips form form were

advised advised and and that, that, He He city city dele- county county "Obviously, "Obviously, all all of of new new you you did did uni- the the your on on spoke spoke who who troller, troller,

said. Ledden Ledden He He told told the the delegates delegates at at this this the the State State of of Deverman, Deverman, Con- session office office

standpoint, standpoint, state state highway highway the the system," county county roads. Leland Leland included included J. sessions sessions general general

tended tended supplement, supplement, to to a a from from traffic select select systems systems confere:~ce's of of the the at at speakers speakers Other Other city city streets streets and

expended, expended, is is speaking, speaking, generally generally

infor for obtaining obtaining

financing financing

for for proposed Speakers

Other Other

roads roads funds funds upon upon are are the the which which

to to he port port for for legislation legislation he he had had sponsored areas."

select select "The "The system system streets streets of of and

in in Los Los Angeles Angeles on on the the need need for for sup- matter subject subject essential essential nn nn ments ments

year's year's streets streets and and highways highways conference Explained System System Select Select supplemental supplemental agree- and and necessary necessary any any

Senator Senator Collier Collier had had addressed addressed last considered

modifications modifications

any any secure secure

California, California, ciation ciation of of State. and and the the

Highway Highway Patrol, Patrol, it it is is safe safe to to do do

so.

to which which

year year This This in in will will one one allow allow

the the Cities, Cities,

Supervisors Supervisors County County Asso-

the the Division Division of of Highways Highways and and

the

1964.

executed executed 1, 1, by by should should July July he he

appointed appointed

by by the the of of California League League

per per hour hour where, where, in in the the opinion opinion of of

both

believe believe reviews, reviews, it necessary necessary we we

effort effort by by representative representative committees

certain certain freeway freeway stretches stretches to to 70 70

miles

for for provide provide the and and priority, priority, to to high high

emphasized, emphasized, resulted resulted

cooperative from from

creasing creasing the the maximum maximum speed speed limit limit

agreement agreement matter matter is is of a a basic basic "the "the

These These administrative administrative procedures, procedures,

lie

highways. highways.

The The other other provided provided

for for in- added, communities, communities, bodies bodies of of he he local local

streets.

the the

right

-hand -hand lanes lanes of of multiple

-lane

governing the the and and tween tween State State the the provement provement

of of roads roads county county and and city

channeling channeling

of of slow- moving moving

traffic traffic

into

agreement agreement be- understanding understanding or or cif cif

as as it it relates relates

to to the the and and financing financing im-

promote promote

safety. safety.

One One provided provided

for for the

supported supported memorandum written written by by a a

the the implementation implementation

344 of of

Senate Senate Bill Bill

lature lature to to

relieve relieve

traffic traffic congestion congestion

and

requires requires procedure, a a formal formal ernment ernment

cies cies which which developed developed been been

have have for

the the 1963 1963 General General

Session Session of of the the

Legis-

the the gov- Pointing Pointing federal federal that that nut nut

discussed discussed Ledden Ledden the the

procedural procedural

poli-

two two measures measures by by introduced introduced

him him

County County Projects Projects Charles Charles Engineer Engineer

planning.

tion tion

Assemblyman Assemblyman Carrell Carrell

referred referred

Division Division of of Highways Highways and. City City

transporta- people people piecemeal piecemeal can can with with

tomotive tomotive

transportation."

for for aviation. general general

impatience impatience

Ameri- reflected reflected of of the the the the

become become a a

people people

dependent dependent upon upon au-

finance finance to to improvements improvements facilities in in

provisions

act's act's the the declared declared Beer Beer

and and the the great great

extent extent

to to which which

we we have airports airports encroachment encroachment ing ing and from from

State." to to

not not the the funds funds lost lost are are

State's State's

size, size,

population population

growth growth

rate, progress progress to to protect protect preserve preserve and and exist-

aid aid federal federal highway

of of benefits benefits the the

problems problems

are are

unique unique

by by reason reason

of of

the

of of his his talk talk to to legislative legislative studies studies in

make make that that

certain certain

said, said, Beer Beer "to "to the

He He added, added,

"California's "California's highway

Senator Senator Collier Collier devoted devoted last last half the the

metropolitan metropolitan

areas," these these ments ments

in in

perts perts and and technical technical

personnel." dollar dollar allocated." each each so so

support support

of of

active active ing ing local local the the

govern-

signers, signers, engineers, engineers,

land land

acquisition acquisition ex- aesthetic aesthetic mum mum value value is is received received for

of of Division Division

Highways Highways

is is seek- "The "The

tion's tion's finest finest group group of of planners, planners, de- and and tions,' tions,' see see also also that that to to the the maxi-

areas. bara bara

through through the the recruitment recruitment of of the the na- cated cated `nonproducing `nonproducing to to these these func-

Bakersfield, Bakersfield, Stockton Stockton and and Santa Santa

Bar-

cated, cated, "has "has been been accomplished accomplished largely reasonable reasonable amount amount of of is is money money allo-

Sacramento, Sacramento, Diego, Diego, San San

Fresno,

and and better better highway highway facilities, facilities, he he indi- of of ination ination billboards, billboards, that that etc.) etc.) so so a

Transportation Transportation

and and Area Area studies, studies,

the

Part Part of of California's California's success success in in new highways, highways, roadside roadside rests, rests, safety safety elim-

Transportation Transportation

and and Francisco Francisco

San San Bay

Highway Highway Commission." (programs (programs facilities facilities for for these these scenic

the the

by by

covered covered Los Los

Angeles Angeles ways," ways," Regional and and to to "a "a forward - looking attempt attempt direct direct to to efforts efforts must must the the for

fected fected this this

by by legislation legislation those ally ally are are known known as as "Mr. "Mr. California California High- aesthetics, aesthetics, highway highway said, said, to to he he "We

eighth eighth The The paid paid metropolitan metropolitan tribute tribute areas areas af- to to him him as as the the man man nation- Referring Referring the the increased increased to to attention

Senator Senator Collier Collier on on the the program, program, and communities. local local program." road road

Commerce, Commerce, Toni Toni Carrell, Carrell, preceded State State cooperatively cooperatively ried ried the the on on by by and imposed imposed taxes taxes that that to to the the finance finance the

Committee Committee on on Transportation Transportation and transportation transportation process process planning planning because because is is car- the the Legislature it it ciently, ciently,

The The Chairman Chairman of of the the Assembly a a based based continuing continuing comprehensive operated operated on on departments departments are are road road effi-

to to obligation obligation insure insure such such that that must must he he projects, projects, has has local All All said, said, be an an Tribute Tribute fo fo Collier concerning future transportation pat- most part, of granite rock, and in con- terns and closed the conference. solidating this rock into the embank- The luncheon meeting at the Clare- `Tempus Fugit' Corner ment sections it is proposed to use mont Hotel, Berkeley, on the final 13,000,000 gallons of water. This large amount of water will be used to flush day was addressed by R. H. Minor The following items appeared 25 the fine material down through the and Arthur Leinwohl of the manage- years ago in Calif oy~aia Highz,vays aryacl voids in the rock, and thus consolidate ment systems, Lockheed Missiles and Public Works. Space Company, Sunnyvale, who the embankments to prevent future analyzed the effect of the national NF,W SN;YULVF;DA LIA'K OYF,NF.D settlement. The contractor has installed awater line, and is pumping population explosion on the supply of The formal acceptance by the State water from Jacumba, 5 %Z miles west- raw materials and the future role of on November 30, 1938, of the 3.66- erly from the project. transportation. mile paving contract connecting San The roadway section must be con- Following the morning general Fernando Road, just northerly of San structed through a section of high, meetings, delegates attended work- Fernando, with Brand Boulevard, steep, rocky slopes, and in order to shop sessions on the opening day of marked the opening to through traffic retain'the embankment, and to prevent the conference on right-of-way of a direct route (via Sepulveda Boule- the fill material from spilling far down problems, the geometric design of vard) between the Ridge Route Alter- these slopes, metal cribbing is to be in- roads and streets, street and highway nate and the Los Angeles Harbor and stalled.... The new roadway will be maintenance, planning for moving West Coast beach cities, including the 36 feet wide. traffic, guardrails and median barriers, communities of Santa Monica, Ocean The Mountain Springs Grade sec- avoiding legal liabilities in public Park, Venice, El Segundo, Manhattan tion of U.S. Highway 80 has gradually works, construction job controls and Beach, Hermosa Beach, Redondo developed from an old wagon stage changed conditions, and planning for Beach, Long Beach, and points south- road, rising from the desert below sea parking. erly. Traffic from the San Joaquin Valley level to the summit of the Coast Other Subjects Discussed formerly was required to pass through Range. It extends from El Centro, 44 The second day's workshops con- downtown Los Angeles or the con- feet below sea level, to an elevation of sidered soil stabilization and drainage, gested Hollywood district in order to 3,240 feet at the summit near the problems of mass rapid transit, pur- reach the harbor or West Los Angeles county line. chasing specifications, getting the and the beach cities. most out of limited right-of-way, the WF.STF.RN STATF, HIGHWAY Federal requirements in connection use of continuous left-turn lanes, the OFFICIALS MEET with grading this section provided critical path method for preeonstruc- The annual meeting of the Western that grading work be done by hand con- Association of State Highway Officials tion scheduling, engineering and labor methods. About 350,000 cubic held at San Francisco March 6, struction procedures for San Diego yards of roadway excavation were re- was The meeting was purposely streets, maintenance agreements be- moved in this manner at a cost of 1938. that time so that it might tween state and local agencies, and $488,613.72. The project afforded em- scheduled at concurrently with the national traffic safety techniques and equip- ployment amounting to 486;316 man- run the American Road ment. hours of labor. convention of national Richard F. Lovejoy, City of Rich- Builders' Association and the General mond Director of Public Works; A. MOUNTAIN SPRINGS GRADF. PROBLF,A4S convention of the Associated C. Keith, Road Commissioner, River- Since construction was started in Contractors. side County; and J. P. Sinclair, Assist- October on the upper portion of the At the opening session the delegates ant State Highway Engineer, District Mountain Springs Grade, the cantrac- were welcomed by C. H. Purcell, IV, San Francisco, were chairmen and tor has made very good progress on State Highway Engineer, representing vice chairman, respectively. Robert E. this difricult piece of highway con- Director of Public Works Frank W. Cron, Jr., of the Institute of Trans- struction, according to E. E. Wallace, Clark. portation and Traffic Engineering, district engineer. On Thursday morning the meeting served as general secretary, and In the development of both railway was devoted to a discussion of soil Wayne H. Snowden, also of the In- and highway transportation between studies led by T. E. Stanton, Mate- stitute, was in charge of publications. the agricultural areas of the Imperial rials and Research Engineer of the Valley, southwestern Arizona and San California Division of Highways. A $5,868,000 contract was awarded Diego's favorable shipping and harbor by the Department of Public Works facilities, the mountain range along the A $2,595,000 contract has been on April 6 for grading and paving 4.5 San Diego—Imperial county border has awarded by the Department of Pub- miles of freeway on U.S. 299 between always been the major barrier. lic Works for constructing four miles Mad River and Blue Lake in Hum- The contract item of roadway exca- of four-lane freeway on U.S. 101 be- boldt County and grading an addi- vation involves the movement of ap- tween North Main Street in Salinas tional mile north of Blue Lake for proximately 100,000 cubic yards per and Espinosa Road in Monterey future freeway. mile. The excavation consists, for the County.

March-April 1964 65

Public Public Works and and Highways Highways California California 66 66

/y Previous

BRISBANE

community. the the of of fare fare

Embarcadero the the of of extensions extensions future future Counties.

general general wel- economic economic and and social, social, the the

the

of of

junction junction the the and and line, line,

county county Trinity and and Calaveras, Calaveras, Joaquin, Joaquin,

San San

on route route the the of of adopted adopted effect effect overall overall Francisco San San the the of of

south south mile mile fifths fifths

in routings routings were were

freeway freeway

other other The The

on on was was superior the the based based choice choice three- Brisbane, Brisbane, in in 101) 101)

(US (US way way

County.

its said said the the commission commission Engineer, Engineer, Bayshore Bayshore Free- the the with with

connection connection a a

Dorado El El in in

Tahoe Tahoe

Lake Lake

of of area area Bay Bay

the the Highway by by State State recommended recommended between Freeway Freeway Point Point Hunters Hunters the the

Meeks

the the in in

routing routing

type type

parkway parkway one than than user user the the benefits benefits fewer fewer as is is known known locally locally was was what what for for ing ing

scenic -mile -mile asix and and Counties Counties Mateo Mateo and and have more more will will costly, costly, longer, longer, rout- Mateo Mateo —San —San San San The The Francisco

San and and Francisco Francisco is that that adopted adopted routing routing the the Noting Noting San San in in stretch stretch

Freeway FlunTers FlunTers Point Point

-mile a a

4.6

including including

months, months, two two limit. northern northern project project

highway. conventional conventional a a County, County, first year's year's

the the in in route route

planned planned one one fore fore to to turning turning

the northwesterly northwesterly

Humboldt in in 36 36 Route Route Sign Sign State State of of and

existing existing

three three

on on

routings routings ~vay ~vay & & India India P.G. P.G. into into E.'s E.'s be- station station Basin Basin

routing improved improved -mile -mile 2.9 a a adopted adopted free- of of

miles miles

30 30

nearly nearly adopted adopted sion sion and and of of extends extends east east north north the

then then

commission the the Additionally, Additionally, Commis-

Highway Highway

California California The The portion portion of of the the western western South South Basin,

a a on on northerly northerly tinues tinues alignment alignment across

of of east east to to tion tion Park, Park, Candlestick Candlestick

con-

Tahoe Lake Lake

a a in in tidelands tidelands area area direc- northeasterly northeasterly

Division Division of of the the crosses crosses Highways, Highways, the

at at

earlier earlier discussed discussed hearings hearings held held by

~~l ~~l

PARK STATE STATE

adopted adopted route, route, The The -C" -C" "D line the the

LI55 B B 1. 1. D. D.

/NG Z~'bI!_~ Z~'bI!_~

1963. 11, 11,

or o o ~ ~ BAY BAY

December on on the the

on on

matter matter hearing hearing oe `.O `.O MEEKS MEEKS

public a a conducted conducted commission commission The The

a~G~ ~ ~

ADOPTED

ROUTE ROUTE

FREEWAY FREEWAY S S

RAO~~~ RAO~~~

in in Francisco.

San San Avenue Avenue Adoptedy ~ ~ ~ ~

Evans near near freeways freeways and and Southern Southern P

s e e u u o o euu euu

Adopfed Are Are Freeways Freeways

of 30 30 Miles Miles Another Another The adopted route was favored by Ba u mg a rt Retires various local authorities and community organizations. IN MEMORIAM From Records Section Supervisors Endorse Route Walter M. Baumgart, records man- The adopted route in El Dorado District II agement analyst for the California Division of Highways, retired on County was endorsed by the county Paul A. Myers, Highway Mainte- February 13 after 3 3 years in state board of supervisors and recom- nance Man II. mended by the State Highway Engi- service. neer. It generally follows the existing A native of Princeton, Indiana, District III alignment of State Sign Route 89 from Baumgart also attended grade and high one-half mile north of the D. L. Bliss Lester E. Hunt, Highway Foreman; school there. He ~~orked as an ac- State Park to the El Dorado—Placer Harold C. Altic, Janitor. countant for a bank and private busi- county line where it will connect with nesses before joining the Division of a freeway routing to the north District IV Highways in 1931 as chief of its head- adopted by the commission in March Donald Anderson, Assistant High- quarters files and mail unit in Sacra- 1963. way Engineer. mento. State Engineer J. C. Highway Wo- Baumgart was one of the first em- mack said that the scenic parkway- District VII ployees to be assigned to the division's type facility will have a screen of Alvin Chaney, Garage Attendant; record management section, which natural vegetation between the high- Ina Sebastian, Supervising Clerk II; was created in 1957 to reorganize and way and homes and will adjacent take Richard Withers, Assistant Highway streamline its voluminous files. This advantage of the off scenic corridors Engineer. streamlining has since been carried on the freeway's right-of-way. through destruction of obsolete ma- The new, freeway routing for 14.7 District X terial, elimination of record duplica- miles of State Sign Route 8 runs gen- Joseph B. Bland, Highway Foreman. tion and transfer of infrequently used erally north of and parallel to the ex- records to low-rent space in ware- isting highway, eliminating sharp all resulting in a substantial District XI houses, curves and dips, between the Calaveras savings in office space. River near Bellota in San Joaquin Louis Celerio, Highway Landscape County and State Sign Route 12 near Leadingman. Baumgart's assignments have taken Valley Springs in Calaveras County. him statewide both within the division and on loan to other divisions Scenie Highway Route Spec Section Loses within the Department of Public Weaverville—Scott Mountain Road Works. He has also participated in the (Federal Aid Secondary County Road J. W. "Wes" Cog h i training of other state personnel in 1089) in Trinity County, a route be- records management procedures. John W. "Wes" Coghill, a 42-year tween U.S. 299 at Weaverville and employee of California Division of Baumgart's contribution to the rec- U.S. 99 at Yreka, was included in the Highways, retired December 31, from ords program has been especially val- state scenic highway .system enacted his position with the division's Speci- uable because of his wide knowledge by the Legislature in 1963. It will be fications Section. of the contents and procedures of the known as State Route 3. existing files. During the past six years, Coghill The adopted freeway routing gen- son has been responsible for issuing Baumgart and his wife have a erally will traverse the eastern portion grandchil- weekly progress reports indicating and a daughter and three of the Trinity River Valley between dren. Coffee Creek and Ramshorn Road, a status of current highway projects keeping current He is a charter member of the Cali- distance of 4.6 miles. throughout the state, records of budgeted projects, and fornia State Employees' Association of 2.9 miles The improved routing many related duties. and of the State Employees Credit of State .Sign Route 36 in Humboldt Union (he holds Passbook No. 16). County between 8.8 miles east of His Highways career began in Bridgeville and the South Fork of the 1921, as clerk in the division's ac- section; Van Duzen River will replace the counting section, then located in the to work in the accounting Speci- present 20-foot-wide treated gravel Forum Building. After two years he and in 1956 transferred to the facility that has little or no shoulder .became assistant chief clerk in the fications Section. and is subject to flooding during rainy Headquarters Shop, 34th and R Coghill was born in Cincinnati, periods. Streets, where he later became cashier Ohio, coming to California in 1909. and High The start of construction of all of timekeeper. In 1928 he went to He graduated from Sacramento business college. the newly adopted routes will depend the District VI ofrice in Fresno, as School and attended upon the availability of future high- equipment clerk. He returned to He is affiliated with the Masonic way funds. Headquarters in Sacramento in 1947 Lodge at Clovis.

March-April 1964 67

Public Public Works and and California California Highways Highways 68 68

be be continued for for has has bar bar reinforcing reinforcing minimal. bidding. of of rate rate average average

trend trend

unit unit the the per per prices will overall overall distortion distortion pound, pound, of of usual usual downward downward the costs costs and and construction construction of of level level

4 4

mills mills The The un- found found

costing costing Steel. Steel. about about additional

Bar Bar Reinforcing Reinforcing

the both both in in stability stability subsequent subsequent the the

-36 -36 A quoted quoted and which which has has been been per per cubic cubic yard.

and 1960, 1960, of of 1959 1959 all all

and and

late late

during during

$59 $59 of

$61 consist consist the the and and will will addition addition dominant dominant prices prices 1963 1963 of of with with and and

prices

falling falling

and and competition competition strong strong

but but since prices prices

1962 steel steel average average structural structural into into trend trend has has

continued continued upward upward

between correlation correlation definite definite very very a a

a a bias bias weighted The exert exert on on upward upward yard. yard. slight slight cubic cubic to to per per $56 $56 increased increased

reveal averages averages The The

5. 5. 6.0. 6.0.

and and

S, S,

7.3, 7.3,

steels steels costs costs will of of strength strength price the the unit unit higher higher when when the the versed versed in in 1961 1961

8.8,

were were

1962, 1962,

1959 1959 through through years, years, the of of now now The The inclusion inclusion re- The The favored. favored. trend trend yard. yard. to to per per $50 $50 cubic cubic

four the the for for averages averages corresponding corresponding is -36 -36 A steel steel the the $58 and and higher higher strength strength from from moving moving cost cost with with the the 1960 1960

The project. project. per per 6.3 6.3 bidders bidders type type deemphasized 1957 1957 of of has has to been been steel steel of of from from movement movement a~e a~e downward downward

-373 A -7. -7. The The specified specified a aver- A shows shows an an for for concrete concrete previously previously 843 843 of of costs costs for for unit unit was was 1963 1963 projects projects in in

well well as A -36 -36 steels steels A as as and and of of -441 -441 trend general general The The items. items. 1.33 for for bridge bridge all all for for submitted submitted bids bids of of number number

prices the the quoted quoted now now includes includes steel steel expenditures of of total total 45 45 the the percent percent total The The quarters. quarters. succeeding succeeding five five

structural of of price price The The unit unit summary summary about represents represents concrete concrete the structural structural during during moderately moderately only only creased creased

Girder). Steel Steel (Plate (Plate Structural Structural for annually annually expended expended The The amount amount in- 1962, 1962, of of quarters quarters three three first first the the

Cement Cement Concrete. A A Class Class Portland Portland and 1961 1961 of of all all during during curtailed curtailed cantly cantly per per pound.

signifi- was was which which activity, activity, Bidder Bidder $0.094, $0.094, and and $0.091 items items $Q.092, $Q.092, follow. prices prices were were

significant 1963, 1963, unit more more the the trends trends corresponding corresponding of of the the and and 1962, 1962, general general Activity Bidder Bidder

The 1962. 1962. of of of of 1961, years years prices prices subsequent subsequent During During the the corresponding corresponding the the

$85 $85 million. mate mate from $0.097 $0.097 variations variations moderate moderate pound. only only per per dropped dropped to to showed showed price price the the

approxi-

to to

expected expected

1964 1964 is is for for value value 1963 in in items items 1960 In In $0.113 $0.113 per per bridge bridge construction construction pound. pound. most most $0.124 $0.124 and and

The

$72,000,000. $72,000,000.

about about

was was 19G2 19G2 ing ing 1959 1959 of unit unit were price price and and average average 1958 1958 for for weighted weighted The The prices prices unit unit

dur-

construction construction

bridge bridge

for for

value value ing ing

average

weighted weighted 1963. 1963.

The The through through

Unit Unit

Prices Average Average

correspond- The The $59,388,693. $59,388,693. of of work work

bridge for for value value total total a a and and bridges bridges

422 included included which which projects projects 133 133

for

received received were were bids bids

1963 1963

During During

■. ■ii ■~■ ~■

~~:w~ ~=. ~=

■■■■■ ■■■■ ■■■■■■■ ■ Activity Consiruetion Consiruetion

■1 ■1■ ■1 ■1 ■s

■1t

■~~1

1934. =~~ ■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■

since activity activity construction construction

bridge bridge nia nia ■~ ■111 ■t! ■1■ ■11 ■~~!~ ■1 ■~2 ■1

■

■■

■t ■t ■~~

■t ■t. ■t

Califor- of of data data the the

summarizes summarizes

which which

- \ ■ ■ ■

■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■■

chart

accompanying accompanying the the in in

sented sented

■1 ■1 ■1 ■t

■■ ■■ ■

■■■■■ ■ ■■■■

■■■■■ ■■■■■■

pre- ■1 ■ii are are ■~ ■~i~~ data data t■ 11■■ construction construction

relevant relevant

■

■ ■■■■

■

■■■

■■■■

■■■■■ ■

t■ ■1 ■~~■ ■Z ■~~ ■~~

■Y ■t

■11~

other of of trends trends

the the as as as as well well Qlfr costs costs ■■ ■■■ ■ ■■ ■

_■■ ■ems ~■_~■~■■~i■~ ■■~

construction

of of trend trend general general The The

■■■■■■ ■■■■■

■t i■ ■~ ■N

270. of of value value a a

about about

clustered clustered have have ■■ ■ ■■■ ■ ■■ ■■ ■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■

■~~ ■■■■■■■■Ht ■iri~~~~

■■ ■■■■ ■■■■■ ■ 1956 to to back back values values other other 248 248 all all of of

■t

■t ■t

■d

index

average average

to to an an dropped dropped costs costs

of of

■ ■ ■■■■■ ■ ■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■■ ■

■■

■~■~

■1 ■~

■J

■~iL'1

■...~..~.....~...._....

■■■■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■■■■■ ■■ level the the ■■■■■■ when when 1960 1960 year year the the for for

cept cept

C...~~......

■t

■t■

■~

■t ■~N ■t

ex-

that that

note note to to

interest interest

some some of of is is It It

■■ ■■ ■ ■■ ■■■ ■■■

■■■■■■

■1

■1 ■1

■~E"~~

■11 ■~i~~ 1■■■■

percent. 3.8 3.8 ■■■■ of of ■ ■ ■ order order ■■■■ the the was was of of ■■ years years

::::Cry:C~::~.::~:~~'.::'.::::..

two past past the the over over costs costs construction construction :::::::

bridge increase increase in in

net net

the the

that that

indicates indicates

■1■

■fi ■~ ■1 ■1 ■I~ ■1

■■■■■ ■■

■ ■ ■■■■■■■

■■ ■

which

one one or or 264 264 was was ■1 ■L ■1 ■~~~~~ 1961 1961 ■~f~ for for ■1 dex dex t■■■

\ 11

■ ■■■■■ ■ ■■■■ ■

■t

■11 ■~~ia~ ■t ■t

in-

average average

annual annual

corresponding corresponding

The The

■■■■ ■■■■■

■■

■■■■ ■■■ ■■ ■■

■ ■t

■N ■~i~l~~ ■~~

■t

274. ■ ■■ ■ was was ■■■■■■ years years both both for for index index

age age

~ ~

...

- - ......

■11 ■6ih~ ■~!~ ■1

aver- annual annual

The The

1962. 1962.

in in

established established

■■ ■■ ■■■

■■ ■■ ■■

■t ■~~~ ■t

level ~~ the the

from from unchanged unchanged ■■ ■■■ sentially sentially ■■■ ■■ ■■ ■■

es- were were 1963 1963 during during costs costs struction struction

con- of of bridge bridge level level general general The The

Analyst Research Research Associate Associate YUSAVAGE, YUSAVAGE, J. J. WILLIAM WILLIAM

and Bridge Bridge Engineer Engineer Senior Senior MAUZY, MAUZY, HARRIS HARRIS K. K. By By

Year Previous Previous as as Same Same

Remains 1963 1963 Average Average Weighted average unit prices of Neil Qunham Named Bay Toll Crossings steel have been relatively stable over the past five years; average unit prices Computer System Head Loses Edwin F. Levy for the years 1959 through 1963 were Establishment of a new position of Edwin F. Levy, senior bridge engi- $0.163, $0.169, and $0.173, $0.184, computer systems engineer for the neer with the Division of Bay Toll $0.172 per years pound for the five California Division of Highways and Crossings, retired on February 29, respectively, there In recent months the appointment of A. N. Dunham to completing a 32-year career with the have which been several quotations the post have been announced by San Francisco—Oakland Bay Bridge. per pound dropped to as low as $0.15 State Highway Engineer J. Wo- Levy was born in San Francisco. He number C. but these are rare; the largest mack. attended grade school and was grad- of continue to fall gener- quotations Dunham, who joined the Division uated from Lowell High School there. ally within the limits of $0.17 to of Highways in 1946, is being pro- He graduated from the University of per pound. $0.185 moted from assistant engineer of de- California in 1927 with honors. Prestressed Concrete. The sum- sign. The first five years of his engineer- of prestressed con- mary unit price ,= He will be re- ing career was expressed in terms of the price crete is sponsible for all spent on dam and of a composite cubic yard of pre- electronic data building construc- stresesd concrete in place. The unit processing operation with contract- price accordingly includes the cost of of the Divi- ing firms in the concrete, reinforcing steel, stress steel, tions sion Highways. Bay area. anchorages, prestressing operations, as of highway en- He joined the well as the cost of erection. The gineering applica- design organization The corresponding weighted av- tions of electronic of the Bay Bridge erage prices per composite cubic yard data processing by in 1932 and played of prestressed concrete for the years an important part NEIL DUNHAM means of compu- EDWIN F. LEVY 1955 to 1962, inclusive, are $135, $163, ters have expanded in the design of the $165, $145, $135, $139, $150, and $146. in recent years, Womack said, far be- bridge and the Transbay Transit Ter- During 1963 the price increased to yond the original uses of traffic data minal. $166. coding and a few types of engineering In 1948 he was advanced to division The large variations in the cost of calculations. They now include earth- office engineer and for the next two the item arise partly from the com- work quantity calculations, structural years supervised studies for a second position of the kinds of prestressed analysis for pavements and bridges, bay bridge and southern crossing. concrete work for any given year. A right - of -way calculations, profile Since 1950 he has been in charge of weighted average price of $166 per grade and elevation data, and trafric design and maintenance for the op- composite cubic, for example, is indi- analysis. The entire state highway ac- erating agency of the Bay Bridge and cative of the greater proportionate use counting operation has now been con- other state toll bridges. When the of the higher- priced precast pre- verted to electronic data processing. Dumbarton and San Mateo—Hayward stressed "I" girder, whereas a price of Establishment of a computer sys- Bridges were purchased from private $150 is indicative of the greater pro- tems unit separate from the urban owners, Levy supervised the effort of portionate use of the less expensive planning activity was recommended converting to state ownership, and cast-in-place prestressed type of con- by the Division of Highways manage- acted as manager for those bridges struction. ment consultants, Price-Waterhouse during the initial period of State op- Conclusion and Company, in 1963. eration. the operat- The last few years have been char- Although born and raised in San Levy's contribution to State's toll bridges acterized by an unusually protracted Diego, Dunham received his civil en- ing function of the especially valuable because period of stability in construction gineering degree in 1947 from the has been combined with his inti- costs. During the past three years University of Illinois where he had his experience, the design, con- bridge construction costs have fluc- studied under the U.S. Navy college mate knowledge of maintenance problems tuated within a range of variation of training program. He held various struction and San Francisco—Oakland Bay about 4 percent and during the last engineering assignments of increasing of the leading authority two years there has been no change in responsibility in the San Diego dis- Bridge, make him a the level of construction costs. Con- trict until March 1961, when he was on the subject. comitantly, bidder activity also has promoted to supervising highway en- Levy is a fellow of the American been constant—at an average rate of gineer and transferred to division Society of Civil Engineers. He is also about six bidders per project. The headquarters as assistant engineer of a registered structural engineer and a pattern of bidders as wel'1 as the level design. member of the Commonwealth Club. of bid prices during the first weeks of Dunham and his wife Joyce have He and his wife, Jeanette, plan to 1964 indicate that the established pat- three children. ' He is a member of the embark soon on a six-month world tern is continuing into the new year. American Society of Civil Engineers. tour.

March-April 1964 69 STATE OF CALIFORNIA EDMUND G. BROWN, Governor HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION AGENCY ROBERT B. BRADFORD Administrator DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS JOHN ERRECA, Director FRANK A. CHAMBERS . Chief Deputy Director RUSSELL J. GOONEY . Deputy Director (Management) T. F. BAGSHAW Assistant Director JUSTIN DuCRAY Departmental Management Analyst HARRY D. FREEMAN Deputy Director (Planning) C. RAY VARLEY Assistant Director S. ALAN WHITE Departmental Personnel Officer

DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS J. C. WOMACK State Highway Engineer, Chief of Division CALIFORNIA 1. P. MURPHY Deputy State Highway Engineer Righf of Way HIGHWAY COMMISSION J. A. LEGARRA Deputy State Highway Engineer RUDOLF HESS Chief Right of Way Agent ROBERT B. BRADFORD Chairman and GEO. LANGSNER Deputy State Nighway Engineer DEXTER D. MacBRIDE Assistant Chief Administrator, Highway LYMAN R. GILLIS Assistant State Highway Engineer RAY E. O'BIER Assistant Chief Transportation Agency R. S. J. PIANEZZI Assistant Chief J. E. McMAHON Assistant State Highway Engineer ARTHUR T. LUDDY Vice Chairman FRANK E. BAXTER Assistant State Highway Engineer District 1, Eureka Sacramento SAM 'HELWER District Engineer GEORGE A. HILL Assistant State Highway Engineer JAMES A. GUTHRIE San Bernardino J. C. BURRILL Comptroller District 11, Redding ROGER S. WOOLLEY San Diego H. S. MILES District Engineer NEAL A. ANDERSEN ,Equipment Engineer ABRAHAM KOFMAN Alameda JOHN L. EATON Materials and Research Engineer District ►►►, n~arysville FRANKLIN S. PAYNE Los Angeles ALAN S. HART Assistant State Highway Engineer C. G. BEER Urban Planner WILLIAM S. WHITEHURST . Fresno A. N. DUNHAM Computer Systems Engineer visrrier N,san Francisco J. F. 10RGENSEN Construction Engineer ~, p. SINCLAIR Assistant State Highway Engineer JOHN ERRECA Administrative Officer SCOTT H. LATHROP Personnel and Public Information R. A. HAYLER District Engineer and Director of Public Works C. T. LEDDEN Litt' and County Projects Engineer HAIG AYANIAN District Engineer JACK COOPER, Secretary Sacramento H. C. McCARTY Office Engineer C. F. GREENE Dist{ict Engineer DANA G. PENGILLY Planning Engineer District V, san Luis Obispo District Vlll, San Bernardino E. 1. L. PETERSON Program and Budget Engineer R. J. DATEL District Engineer C. V. KANE District Engineer R. V. POTTER Systems Research Engineer ~isrricr v►, Fresno Disfricf IX, Bishop E. L. TINNEY . Maintenance Engineer W. L. WELCH District Engineer W. L. WARREN Engineer of Design C. A. SHERVINGTON District Engineer J. E. WILSON Traffic Engineer District v1►, 1.os Angeles E. T. TELFORD Metropolitan District Engineer Disiriet X, Stockton A. L. ELLIOTT Bridge Engineer—Planning L. HIMELHOCH District Engineer JOHN G. MEYER District .Engineer R. J. IVY Bridge Engineer—Special Projects A' A. C. BIRNIE District Engineer I. 0. JAHLSTROM . Bridge Engineer—Operations p, yy, HOY District Engineer District XI, San Diego DALE DOWNINfi Bridge Engineer—Southern Area R. E. DEFFEBACH District Engineer JACOB DEKEMA Assistant State Highway Engineer

DIVISION OF CONTRACTS AND RIGHTS OF WAY HARRY S. FENTON Chief Counsel EMERSON RHYNER Deputy Chief (Sacramento) HOLLOWAY JONES Deputy Chief (San Francisco) REGINALD B. PEGRAM Deputy Chief (Los Angeles)

DIVISION OF BAY TALL CROSSINGS E. R. FOLEY . Chief Engineer BEN BALALA Planning and Construction CHARLES L. SWEET Operations

DIVISION OF AERONAUTICS CLYDE P. BARNETT Director, Chief of Division

1758 —5~~ 3-64 55~5~~ printed J11 CALIFORNIA OBI ICE OF STA]'L PRINTING In 1938 a cut was made straight through the ridge and the troublesome View of section today where tunnel once was situated. Road has been old tunnel removed. widened to four lanes witR raised median, is slated for conversion to full freeway.

(Continued from inside front cover) team of horses ready to pull any car Both routes now have been widened roadbed was graded and oiled. But it over, but he was forced out of busi- to four lanes. The U.S. 6 section will vas still steep, and it became the cus- ness when the County of Los Angeles become full freeway soon as an exten- toin for San Joaquin automobile opened a tunnel through the ridge in sion of the Palmdale—Lancaster route, customers who bought their cars in October 1910, eliminating the terrors and the Weldon Canyon route is Angeles to refuse take delivery old grade. Los to of the slated for eight lanes of freeway as unless the car could make the Newhall The Newhall—Saugus route became part of Interstate 5. Mr. Hamlin while Grade. a state highway in 1917,. and carried Automobile traffic had sa increased all the U.S. 99 traffic until 1930, when struggling over the summit in 1902 by 1910 that one man made a comfort- the Weldon Canyon route to the west couldn't have realized what he was able living waiting at the pass with a was opened. starting.

Aerial view of San Fernando Pass area. U.S. 99 is visible passing across Interchange area, U.S. 99 and U.S. 6 (new Route 14). Old tunnel area is photo of Cory, U.S. 6 (new Route 74) in foreground. Tunnel was in cut in upper center, ofd pass visible as light streak just to right of it. Old pass area, extreme lower right, and old pass is plainly visible lower left. is easily accessible to sightseers. ~;'~Kf

r±

i' 8 ~,~ ~ ~

~° t'

~' x

e ay s ` r e ~a t ~x i t ~'