ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research
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Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 09, Issue, 08, pp. 29503-29509, August, 2019 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL DECLINE IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE (BRAZIL), BETWEEN 1991 AND 2010 *1Raul Asseff Castelao, 2Celso Correia de Souza and 2Daniel Massen Frainer 1Rua Candido Mariano, 1849, Brasil 2 Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande-MS ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This article aimed to analyze the condition of the sustainable development of 78 municipalities of Received 17th May, 2019 Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), with aggregated variables in three dimensions: environmental, social Received in revised form and economic. The objective was to develop the index of municipal sustainable development in 19th June, 2019 the three census years (1991, 2000 and 2010) and, with that, to analyze whether the localities Accepted 06th July, 2019 grew in a sustainable way or not. Using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, a DEA th Published online 30 August, 2019 BCC model was initially calculated for each dimension and each year and, after that, the overall indicator. The results showed that, although the municipalities registered an improvement in Key Words: economic and social development, the environmental dimension registered a decrease between Mato Grosso do Sul, 2000 and 2010, even though it developed positively between 1991 and 2000. Environment, Sustainable development, Indicators. Copyright©2019, Raul Asseff Castelao. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Raul Asseff Castelao. 2019. “Economic growth and environmental decline in Mato Grosso Do Sul State (Brazil), between 1991 and 2010”, International Journal of Development Research, 09, (08), 29503-29509. INTRODUCTION without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs" (BRUNDTLAND, 1987). However, despite the Since the decade of 1970, when Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen efforts made since then, and of the great breakthrough published the seminal The Entropy Law and the Economics implemented by this Commission, it has not been possible to Process, there have been publications of studies demonstrating notice a significant change in the development model, that economic growth, without taking into consideration the allowing simultaneous and synergistic actions of advancement environment, will be detrimental to the future of humanity. As in economy, society and the environment (UN, 2013). Directly an example, Kuznets (1973) described that one of the associated with this process, the growth of world population characteristics of modern economic growth is the combination also contributes to the environment deterioration. According to of growth with negative effects on the environment and the data of the United Nations, in the year 1999, the human society, which may generate new problems. Therefore, several population of the world passed six billion. The growth of the studies have been developed in an effort to measure and human population, during the last 10,000 years, since the describe the relationship among the economy, society and the advent of agriculture, has been one of the most significant in environment. At the heart of this discussion the United Nations the history of the earth (RICKELEFS, 2010). Human activity (UN) has created institutional instruments with the purpose of is heating the planet, and the projected growth for the next 100 subsidizing the nations about this relationship, one of them years might heat the planet at approximately 5°C, in this being the conference of the World Commission on century. This level of temperature heating has never been Environment and Development (WCED) (MULLER, 2005). experienced by humanity, and the resulting physical impacts As an outcome of this process, the concept of sustainable limit drastically the world development (WORLD BANK, development was accentuated which considers "sustainable 2010). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate development as one that ensures the needs of the present Change (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC), human influence on the earth's climate system is *Corresponding author: Raul Asseff Castelao, evident, and the recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse Rua Candido Mariano, 1849, Brasil 29504 Raul Asseff Castelao et al. Economic growth and environmental decline in Mato Grosso do Sul State (Brazil), between 1991 and 2010 gases are the highest in the history. The climate changes in linked to its regional development, as well as the measurement recent years have widespread impacts on terrestrial system. of sustainable development and the improvement of the The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has already formulation of public policies for the region. Thus, the increased by more than 20% since 1958, when systematic objective of this study was to analyze the conditions for measurements began to be made, and about 40% since 1750. sustainable development of 78 municipalities of MS. According to IPCC, the increase is a result of human activity, mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Parallel to this fact, global emissions of greenhouse gases have reached record marks, being considered the highest in the The target audience of the research are 78 municipalities in the human beings’ history (CEPAL, 2016). To promote state of MS, in relation to what the indicators of growth and sustainable development one of the premises is the monitoring development will be, taking as a basis the census of the and measurement of human behavior in economic, social and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and environmental aspects, with a strong care with natural other sources for the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. Mato Grosso resources. This monitoring will allow, including the correction do Sul is bordered by the states of São Paulo, Mato Grosso, and improvement of instruments to subsidize the sustainable Paraná, Goiás and Minas Gerais and with the countries of development. Thus, it becomes necessary the construction of Bolivia and Paraguay. The State has the Pantanal biome and indicators, in addition to the existing ones, which allow the the west plains and to the east the highlands as main understanding of the relationship between human action and environmental characteristics. In relation to its geographical the environment. division, the State is divided into four mesoregions (center- north, east, southeast and Pantanal) and 11 microregions, From this understanding, the pursuit of sustainable which include: low pantanal Aquidauana, Alto Taquari, development as an adaptive process of the learning process can Campo Grande, Cassilândia, Paranaíba, Três Lagoas, Nova benefit from the use of sustainability indicators Andradina, Bodoquena, Dourados and Iguatemi (IBGE, (PUPPHACHAI and ZUIDENA, 2017). In this sense, the 2016). Lima (2014) states that it in the ranking among the human beings along their social advancement has used States, MS occupies the 17th position in the national GDP and indicators to monitor and evaluate the complex terrestrial the 10th position in GDP per capita. systems in which they are inserted, in order to improve understanding about the same (meadows, 1998). In the same The economy is based on the primary and tertiary sector, but it line, according to Hardi et al (1997), the monitoring of the has had great performances in the industrial sector in recent countries growth is essential for the measurement of years. To subsidise the research process the methods of sustainable development, which may be a commitment with historical research and comparative study were used. From this the environment and the economic and social development. study, it was aimed to identify the existence of economic and The sustainability indicators were initially developed in the social growth concomitant with the preservation and decade of 1990 with the purpose to provide a solid basis for maintenance of the environment of the localities studied. decision-making and contribute to the sustainability of the Based on the understanding that the quality of life of a environment integrated with the economic and social system population, i.e., their well-being, is related to environmental (PUPPHACHAI and ZUIDENA, 2017). Various institutions quality, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applied to a and projects throughout the world, especially in Europe, have base of secondary data of municipalities in the state of MS was been working on the development of standardised indicators in used, in order to measurethe relative efficiency of these order to better evaluate the sustainable development (PIRES et municipalities, with the aim of identifying whether the al., 2014). In Brazil, these studies date back to the beginning efficiency indices found, through indicators, are associated to of the year 2000 and, since then, four editions were published the quality of life and environmental quality of these of indicators of sustainable development (2004, 2008, 2010 municipalities. and 2015), from the demarcating assumptions of UN conferences (LIRA et al., 2008). Due to the process of Due to the fact that there is much debate about how to define a environmental, social and economical changes, this article has multidimensional