Belarus INDIVIDUALS
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Individual V. State: Practice on Complaints with the United Nations Treaty Bodies with Regards to the Republic of Belarus
Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus Volume I Collection of articles and documents The present collection of articles and documents is published within the framework of “International Law in Advocacy” program by Human Rights House Network with support from the Human Rights House in Vilnius and Civil Rights Defenders (Sweden) 2012 UDC 341.231.14 +342.7 (476) BBK 67.412.1 +67.400.7 (4Bel) I60 Edited by Sergei Golubok Candidate of Law, Attorney of the St. Petersburg Bar Association, member of the editorial board of the scientific journal “International justice” I60 “Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus”. – Vilnius, 2012. – 206 pages. ISBN 978-609-95300-1-7. The present collection of articles “Individual v. State: Practice on complaints with the United Nations treaty bodies with regards to the Republic of Belarus” is the first part of the two-volume book, that is the fourth publication in the series about international law and national legal system of the republic of Belarus, implemented by experts and alumni of the Human Rights Houses Network‘s program “International Law in Advocacy” since 2007. The first volume of this publication contains original writings about the contents and practical aspects of international human rights law concepts directly related to the Institute of individual communications, and about the role of an individual in the imple- mentation of international legal obligations of the state. The second volume, expected to be published in 2013, will include original analyti- cal works on the admissibility of individual considerations and the Republic of Belarus’ compliance with the decisions (views) by treaty bodies. -
Religious Freedom Survey, October 2020
Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 40 Issue 8 Article 6 10-2020 Belarus: Religious Freedom Survey, October 2020 Olga Glace Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Glace, Olga (2020) "Belarus: Religious Freedom Survey, October 2020," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 40 : Iss. 8 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol40/iss8/6 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BELARUS: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM SURVEY, OCTOBER 20201 By Olga Glace, Forum 18 Belarus correspondent Before the UN Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Belarus on 2 November, Forum 18 notes continuing violations of freedom of religion and belief and of interlinked freedoms of expression, association, and assembly. These have worsened amid widespread continuing protests against falsified results of the August 2020 presidential election, and against the regime's other serious violations of the human rights of the people it rules. After the regime's falsification of the August 2020 presidential election results and violence against people taking part in the ongoing protests, public events to pray for Belarus and for violence by the regime to end have increased. The regime has increasingly used Administrative Code Article 23.34 ("Violation of the procedure for organizing or conducting a mass event or demonstration") against those taking part in public prayer events. -
BELARUS: from Raid to Ban in 12 Days
FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief 15 June 2015 BELARUS: From raid to ban in 12 days By Felix Corley, Forum 18 News Service On 31 May police in Belarus with OMON riot police raided the Reformed Orthodox Transfiguration Church's meeting for Sunday worship, held in rented premises in Gomel. On 11 June officials banned the Church from renting premises, therefore banning it from meeting, church members told Forum 18 News Service. Police asked them: "Why do you attend this church and not a normal one?" Officials warned congregation leader Pastor Sergei Nikolaenko - who is already facing trial on Administrative Code charges - that he would be investigated on possible Criminal Code charges. "You can watch a football match or discuss [the poet Aleksandr] Pushkin without permission, but for a religious meeting you need permission", Dmitry Chumakov, the official in charge of religious affairs at Gomel Regional Executive Committee told Forum 18. Two weeks earlier there was a similar armed police raid on the Soligorsk congregation of Council of Churches Baptists. "11 more armed police arrived and broke up the service, as if they were coming after bandits", Forum 18 was told. Two congregation members were fined in early June for meeting for worship without state permission. On 31 May police in Belarus with OMON riot police raided the Reformed Orthodox Transfiguration Church's meeting for Sunday worship, held in rented premises in Gomel [Homyel] in the south east of the country. -
WFWP Biennial Report International Service Projects Overseas Volunteer Activities 2017-2018
WFWP Biennial Report International Service Projects Overseas Volunteer Activities 2017-2018 WOMEN’ S FEDERATION FOR WORLD PEACE WOMEN'S FEDERATION FOR WORLD PEACE, INTERNATIONAL UN ECOSOC/DPI/NGO General Consultative Status Department of International Service Projects / WFWP Japan National Headquarters Sansarra Higashiyama Suite 202, 3-1-11 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0043 JAPAN TEL:+81-3-5721-2579 FAX:+81-3-5721-2580 Email:[email protected] Website:https://wfwp.jp(Japanese) https://www.wfwp.org(English) UNDERSTANDING THE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Five dimensions of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) POVERTY HUNGER HEALTH EDUCATION GENDER UNEQUALITY ENERGY SOCIAL WATER/ HYGIENE PARTNER- PEACE GROWTH/ SHIP EMPLOYMENT CLIMATE CHANGE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRON- Sustainable ECONOMIC INNOVATION MENTAL MARINE RESOURCES CITY LAND RESOURCES PRODUCTION/ CONSUMPTION By endorsing Agenda 2030 and its 17 goals, the world community has reaffirmed its commitment to Sustainable Development; to ensure sustained and inclusive economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection and to do so in partnership and peace. Sustainable Development is usually viewed through a lens of three core elements: economic growth, social inclusion and environmental protection. But it’s important to remember that these are not just categories or boxes: they are connected and have aspects in common. To develop this approach a step further, two critical dimensions that will drive Agenda 2030 were adopted by member states: partnership and peace. Partnerships strengthen the capacities of all stakeholders to work together. Peace, justice and strong institutions are essential for improvements in the three core areas. Genuine sustainability sits at the center and it would be important to consider each of the SDGs through the lens of these five dimensions. -
Eastern Partnership Regional Transport Study
Eastern Partnership regional transport study TRACECA IDEAJune II 2015 Annex II – Thematic maps P a g e | 1 Transport Dialogue and THIS PROJECT IS FUNDED BY THE EU Networks Interoperability II Eastern Partnership regional transport study Final report Annex II – Thematic maps June 2015 This document is prepared by the IDEA II Project. The IDEA II Project is implemented by TRT Trasporti e Territorio in association with: Panteia Group, Dornier Consulting GmbH and Lutsk University Eastern Partnership regional transport study June 2015 Annex II – Thematic maps P a g e | 2 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 ANNEX II – THEMATIC MAPS ................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Rail maps................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Road maps ................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Maps for Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova ........................................................................ 6 1.2 Maps for Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan ................................................................... 7 Eastern Partnership regional transport study June 2015 Annex II – Thematic maps P a g e | 3 1 ANNEX II – THEMATIC MAPS In the context of this assignment, a GIS database to display the collected indicators of the EaP transport network has been completed. The GIS database is based on the shapefiles (GIS files) of the EaP road and rail transport networks received -
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern Eine Beschäftigung I
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern eine Beschäftigung i. S. d. ZRBG schon vor dem angegebenen Eröffnungszeitpunkt glaubhaft gemacht ist, kann für die folgenden Gebiete auf den Beginn der Ghettoisierung nach Verordnungslage abgestellt werden: - Generalgouvernement (ohne Galizien): 01.01.1940 - Galizien: 06.09.1941 - Bialystok: 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ostland (Weißrussland/Weißruthenien): 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Wolhynien/Shitomir): 05.09.1941 Eine Vorlage an die Untergruppe ZRBG ist in diesen Fällen nicht erforderlich. Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Braham: Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Weißruthenien, heute Obolce [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 09.11.2009 1944) Reichskommissariat Aizpute 3502 Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 (Hosenpoth) Generalbezirk -
The Mineral Industry of Belarus in 2016
2016 Minerals Yearbook BELARUS [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior February 2020 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Belarus By Elena Safirova Belarus’s mineral production enterprises included a potash The total value of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Belarus’s mining company, three metallurgical steel plants, a nitrogen economy in 2016 was $6.9 billion, which was a 4.3% decrease production enterprise, and two crude petroleum refineries. compared with the FDI in 2015. The mineral sector received Belarus was the third-ranked country among the world’s potash only 2.3% of the total foreign investment. Russia provided producers following Canada and Russia (Jasinski, 2018). 51.5% of the total FDI and was the main source of foreign The country’s only mineral production enterprise that played investment in 2016 (National Statistical Committee of the a major role in world markets was its potash mining firm Republic of Belarus, 2017, p. 423–438). OAO Belaruskali. Belarus does not have significant resources In 2016, Belarus exported $23.5 billion worth of goods, which of mineral fuels within its territory; however, its energy was an 11.7% decrease compared with the total export revenue infrastructure includes an extensive network of oil pipelines in 2015. Belarus also imported $27.6 billion worth of goods, and gas pipelines, which position the country as an important which was an 8.9% decrease compared with the value of imports participant in the transportation of oil and natural gas to in 2015. In 2016, Belarus exported 13.0 Mt of refined petroleum Europe from Russia. -
National Threat Assessment 2021
DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE STATE SECURITY AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT OF SERVICE UNDER THE REPUBLIC OF THE MINISTRY OF LITHUANIA NATIONAL DEFENCE NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT 2021 DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE STATE SECURITY AND SECURITY DEPARTMENT OF SERVICE UNDER THE REPUBLIC OF THE MINISTRY OF LITHUANIA NATIONAL DEFENCE NATIONAL THREAT ASSESSMENT 2021 VILNIUS, 2021 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 FOREWORD 5 SUMMARY 8 NEW SECURITY CHALLENGES 12 REGIONAL SECURITY 17 MILITARY SECURITY 27 ACTIVITIES OF HOSTILE INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY SERVICES 41 PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER 50 INFORMATION SECURITY 54 ECONOMIC AND ENERGY SECURITY 61 TERRORISM AND GLOBAL SECURITY 67 3 INTRODUCTION The National Threat Assessment by the State Security Department of the Republic of Lithuania (VSD) and the Defence Intelligence and Security Service under the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Lithuania (AOTD) is presented to the public in accordance with Articles 8 and 26 of the Law on Intelligence of the Republic of Lithuania. The document provides consolidated, unclassified assessment of threats and risks to national security of the Repub- lic of Lithuania prepared by both intelligence services. The document assesses events, processes and trends that correspond to the intelligence requirements approved by the State Defence Council. Based on them and considering the long-term trends affecting national security, the document provides the assessment of major challenges that the Lithuanian national security is to face in the near term (2021–2022). The assessments of long-term -
Presidential Election 2020 BELARUS Television & Social
Presidential election 2020 BELARUS Television & Social Media Media Monitoring Campaign report (15 July – 4 August 2020) 10 August 2020 Bratislava, Minsk This project was supported by the Open Initiative Partnership MEMO 98 www.memo98.sk | [email protected] | www.facebook.com/memo98.sk | +421 903 581 591 [email protected] (Rasťo Kužel), [email protected] (Ivan Godársky), [email protected] (Marek Mračka) 2 INTRODUCTION Between 29 April – 19 May (first monitoring period) and 3 – 23 June 2020 (second monitoring period), MEMO 98, a Slovak non-profit specialist media-monitoring organization, in cooperation with the EAST Center (Eurasian States in Transition Research Center), a Belarusian think-tank focusing on post-Soviet and East-European studies, and Linking Media, a Belarusian civil society organization focusing on media, monitored traditional1 and social2 media in the run-up to the 9 August presidential election. The findings of both periods were presented in our interim report published on 3 August. This report presents the media monitoring findings of both, traditional and social3 media during three weeks of the official campaign period from 15 July through 4 August.4 The main purpose of the media monitoring was to determine if voters were provided an opportunity to receive ample information to make qualified choices at the ballot box and whether this information was sufficiently diverse, balanced and of adequate quality.5 While for most people, television is the primary source of information about politics6, the growing relevance of social media7 has inspired us to include also Facebook, Instagram, Telegram and VK into our monitoring.8 We were assessing to what extent were social media used during elections and to what extent could nominated candidates overcome the state monopoly on information by turning to social media. -
BELARUS: Conscientious Objector Jailed
FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 1 February 2010 BELARUS: Conscientious objector jailed By Felix Corley, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> Ivan Mikhailov, a Messianic Jew, has today (1 February) had a three-month jail term imposed on him by a court in Belarus for refusing compulsory military service. His brother-in-law told Forum 18 News Service that "The sentence has nothing to do with justice." His lawyer, Svetlana Gorbatok, argued that the absence of an Alternative Service Law is not a legal basis for violating Mikhailov's rights. He has been in pre-trial detention since 15 December 2009, and must serve another six weeks unless he wins an appeal he will make. Also present in court was Mikhail Pashkevich of 'For Alternative Civilian Service', which has launched a civic society petition calling for civilian alternative service. Prosecutor Aleksandr Cherepovich, asked by Forum 18 who had suffered from refusal to undertake compulsory military service, replied: "The state." Meanwhile, the launch of a CD compilation of Christian songs at a Catholic church has been stopped under state pressure. Senior religious affairs official Alla Ryabitseva angrily told Forum 18 that: "Concerts don't take place in churches." The family of Ivan Mikhailov, a Messianic Jew, condemned a three-month prison term handed him today (1 February) by a court in the Belarusian capital Minsk for refusing compulsory military service. -
Geographic Structure of Road Transportation and Logistics Infrastructure in the Republic of Belarus
ISSN 1426-5915 e-ISSN 2543-859X 20(2)/2017 Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 2017, 20(2), 8-18 DOI 10.4467/2543859XPKG.17.007.7389 GeoGraPhic sTrucTure of road TransPorTaTion and loGisTics infrasTrucTure in The rePublic of belarus Struktura geograficzna infrastruktury transportu drogowego i logistyki w Republice Białorusi andrei bezruchonak Department of Economic Geography of Foreign Countries, Faculty of Geography, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya st. 16, 220030, Minsk, Belarus e-mail: [email protected] citation: Bezruchonak A., 2017, Geographic structure of road transportation and logistics infrastructure in the Republic of Belarus, Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 20(2), 8-18. abstract: Transportation, representing 6% of GDP, plays vital role in social and economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The purpose of this article is to present the geographic analysis of current spatial structure of the road transportation in Belarus in 2000-2014. The choice of transport mode for the article was influenced by several factors, such as historic devel- opment, network coverage, transformational changes in productivity, rapid increase in car ownership numbers, emergence of logistic centers and intelligent transportation systems. The article reviews the range of topics, including morphology of the major roads network, logistic centers spatial distribution and regional features of passenger and cargo productivity, discusses current transformational changes within the road transportation sector in Belarus. The key findings indicate that current changes in spatial structure of the road transportation in Belarus have uneven nature, shaped by social, economic, political and geopolitical external and internal factors and are a subject of interest for both transportation researchers and practitioners. -
General Conclusions and Basic Tendencies 1. System of Human Rights Violations
REVIEW-CHRONICLE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BELARUS IN 2003 2 REVIEW-CHRONICLE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN BELARUS IN 2003 INTRODUCTION: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND BASIC TENDENCIES 1. SYSTEM OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS The year 2003 was marked by deterioration of the human rights situation in Belarus. While the general human rights situation in the country did not improve, in its certain spheres it significantly changed for the worse. Disrespect for and regular violations of the basic constitutional civic rights became an unavoidable and permanent factor of the Belarusian reality. In 2003 the Belarusian authorities did not even hide their intention to maximally limit the freedom of speech, freedom of association, religious freedom, and human rights in general. These intentions of the ruling regime were declared publicly. It was a conscious and open choice of the state bodies constituting one of the strategic elements of their policy. This political process became most visible in formation and forced intrusion of state ideology upon the citizens. Even leaving aside the question of the ideology contents, the very existence of an ideology, compulsory for all citizens of the country, imposed through propaganda media and educational establishments, and fraught with punitive sanctions for any deviation from it, is a phenomenon, incompatible with the fundamental human right to have a personal opinion. Thus, the state policy of the ruling government aims to create ideological grounds for consistent undermining of civic freedoms in Belarus. The new ideology is introduced despite the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus which puts a direct ban on that.