©linical Volume 71 -1993 Investigator Continuation of Klinische Wochenschrift ij Uta* G 2- &

N. Zöllner, Munich

Associate Editor U. Gresser, Munich 19 $3 •

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Editorial Board G. Seifert, Hamburg Mainz G.Adler, Ulm J. Shepherd, Glasgow M.J. Mihatsch, Basle M.E. Bertrand, Lille H. B. Stähelin, Basle B. S. Mitchell, Chapel Hill T. Brandt, Munich K.-H. Usadel, Frankfurt a.M. C. Mueller-Eckhardt, Gießen V. Diehl, Cologne G. Vantrappen, Louvain O.-A. Müller, Munich Ε. Erdmann, Munich R von Wiehert, Marburg J.G. Puig, Madrid W. Gerok, Freiburg K.G. Wormsley, Dundee E.O. Riecken, Berlin G. Giebisch, New Haven E. Ritz, Heidelberg F. -D. Goebel, Munich Advisory Board R. Ritz, Basle D. Häussinger, Freiburg S. Sacks, London R. Arnold, Marburg H. Kaess, Munich H. Schuster, Munich J.R. Kalden, Erlangen W.G. Daniel, Hannover H.-R Schuster, Hildesheim G. J. Krejs, Graz J. Dichgans, Tübingen W. Seeger, Glessen W. Kubier, Heidelberg A. Distler, Berlin H.-G. Sieberth, Aachen H. Löffler, Kiel H. L Fehm, Lübeck R-A. Spengel, Munich F. Loogen, Düsseldorf R. Ferlinz, Mainz G. Steinbeck, Munich W. Lorenz, Marburg O. Götze, Göttingen J.A.Tischfield, Indianapolis J. Lubsen, Rotterdam RA. Gries, Düsseldorf G. Utermann, Innsbruck P.M. Mannucci, Milan W.L. Gross, Lübeck/Bad Bramstedt H. Vetter, Bonn RA. Miescher, Geneva E.G. Hahn, Erlangen C. Wagener, Hamburg G. Paumgartner, Munich H.-L. Hahn, Wiesbaden M. Wienbeck, Augsburg D. Hoelzer, Frankfurt a.M. H. D. Pohle, Berlin G. Wolfram, Munich C. Keller, Munich D.L. Scott, London R. Ziegler, Heidelberg RC. Scriba, Munich HJ. Kramer, Bonn

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Printers: Universitätsdruckerei Η. Stürtz AG, Würzburg © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Printed in Germany Bianchi L -* Reichen J Contents of Volume 71 Biber J Murer Η Bieg S -* Kling Ε No 1: pp 1- 90 published January 22, 1993 Birbamer G Berek Κ No 2:pp 91- 176 published February 8, 1993 Birk A -* Kiese wetter Η No 3: pp 177- 256 published March 4, 1993 Bittinger A -> Wagner U No 4: pp 257- 338 published April 1, 1993 Bleich Μ -»> Greger R No 5: pp 339- 420 published May 3, 1993 Blind Ε, Raue F, Meinel T, Bucher M, No 6: pp 421- 504 published June 9, 1993 Manegold C, Ebert W, Vogt-Moykopf I, No 7: pp 505- 586 published July 5, 1993 Ziegler R: Levels of parathyroid hor­ No 8: pp 587- 672 published August 9, 1993 mone-related protein in hypercalcemia No 9: pp 673- 762 published September 1, 1993 of malignancy: comparison of midre- No 10: pp 763- 874 published October 1,1993 gional radioimmunoassay and two-site No 11: pp 875- 962 published November 2, 1993 immunoradiometric assay 31 No 12: pp 963-1022 published December 2, 1993 Blume J -* Kiesewetter Η Supplement to Volume 71/lssue 5: Renin-angiotensin-system and collagen metabolism Bock HL Nothdurft HD in diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, Heidelberg, November 6-8, 1992 Boehm BO, Farid NR: Molecular aspects Supplement to Volume 71/lssue 8: Seventh International Symposium on The Biomedical of endocrine autoimmunity 79 and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Copenhagen, September 18-19, 1992 Boehm BO, Kühnl Ρ, Löliger C, Ketzler- Sasse U, Holzberger G, Seidl S, Bäuerle R, Schifferdecker Ε, Usadel KH: HLA- DR3 and HLA-DR5 confer risk for au­ toantibody positivity against the thyro- peroxidase (mic-TPO) antigen in healthy blood donors 221 Abedinpour F Weber MM Ball F Böhles Η Boehme Μ -> Kling Ε Adelmann Β -> Weber MM Banos V ->· Gomez J Bogner JR -> Papakonstantinou G Adler G -• Scherbaum WA Barrett PHR -• Parhofer KG Bogner JR -> Thalhammer C Aguilar-Martinez JL Cantero-Hinojosa Barrio J -*• Domingo Ρ Bohle A -* Kirsten D J Barth PJ Wagner U Böhles Η, Aschenbrenner Μ, Roth Μ, Albrecht H, Stellbrink H-J, Fenske S, Koch Baschieri L -»· Monzani F Loewenich V ν, Ball F, Usadel KH: De­ J, Greten H: A novel variety of atypical Bassermann R Dörfler Η velopment of thyroid gland volume dur­ Pneumocystis carinii infection after Bäuerle R -> Boehm BO ing the first 3 months of life in breast-fed longterm prophylactic pentamidine in­ Baum Κ -• Essfeld D versus iodine-supplemented and iodine- halation in an AIDS patient: large lower Baumann Μ ->> Graeve L free formula-fed infants 13 lobe pneumocystoma 310 Baumbach A -> Preisack MB Bokemeyer D -> Meyer-Lehnert Η Albrecht Η Plettenberg A Baumert T, Kleber G, Schwarz J, Stäbler Bollensen Ε, Menck S, Buzanoski J, Alexander GJM Arnold JC A, Lamerz R, Mann K: Reversible hyper• Prange HW: Iatrogenic epidural spinal Algra A Oddens BJ kinesia in a patient with autoimmune po• abscess 780 Allende MT Collazos J lyglandular syndrome type I 924 Borlinghaus P, Wieser S, Lamerz R: Epi­ Allgayer Η -» Scheurlen C Baumgarten R von Hofstetter-Degen Κ dermal growth factor, transforming Allolio Β Lehmann R Baumgarten R von ->· Wetzig J growth factor-or, and epidermal growth Althoff P-H -> Rau Η Baur Μ -»· Glasbrenner Β factor receptor content in normal and Ammon A, Eiffert H, Reil S, Beyer J-H, Bause HW Scholz J carcinomatous gastric and colonic tis­ Droese M, Hiddemann W: Tumor-asso­ Beaujean R -> Reitz G sue 903 ciated antigens in effusions of malignant Bechtel U -+ Christ Μ Borst HG, Schäfers H-J: Lung transplanta• and benign origin 437 Beck M, Valadares ER, Lötz J: Gaucher's tion 98 Andreas S, Breska Β von, Kopp Ε, Figulla disease: therapy by intravenous infu• Brandis Μ, Hardt Κ ν d, Zimmerhackl RB, HR, Kreuzer Η: Periodic respiration in sions of modified glucocerebrosidase Mohrmann Μ, Leititis J: Cytostatics - in­ patients with heart failure 281 78 duced tubular toxicity 855 Appenheimer Μ -> Ko Υ Becker Η -> Gross-Weege W Brandis Μ Pfleiderer S Arnim Τ von Pliml W Becker W -> Raue F Brandl Η -• Ritter C von Arnold JC, Nouri-Aria KT, O'Grady JG, Beimpold Η -> Wiedermann CJ Braun W -» Weber Β Portmann BC, Alexander GJM, Williams Bein Β -»· Sailer Β Braunsteiner Η -> Wiedermann CJ R: Hepatic α-interferon expression in cy- Benker G Jaspers C Brecht-Krauß D Glasbrenner Β tomegalovirus-infected liver allograft Benker G -• Petrasch SG Breckenridge A: Clinical pharmacology in recipients with and without vanishing Benning Κ -• Müller-Ladner U the 1990s: a personal perspective 478 bile duct syndrome 191 Berchtenbreiter U -+ Körting HC Breska Β von -* Andreas S Aschenbrenner Μ -> Böhles Η Berek Κ, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Birbamer G, Brodersen H-P -» Holtkamp W Athanasiadis A -> Preisack MB Vogl G, Schmutzhard E: Subarachnoid Brosen K: The pharmacogenetics of the hemorrhage as presenting feature of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Baartz F-J -»· Kirsch ΚΑ isolated neurosarcoidosis 54 1002 Bach D -»· Heering Ρ Bergelson LD: Gangliosides and antitu­ Bucher Μ Blind Ε Bach R Jung F mor immunity 590 Buettner UW -* Stumvoll Μ Badenhoop Κ -> Rau Η Berger J -*· Lenzhofer R Bühler Η -»• Reichen J Baggiolini M: Novel aspects of inflamma­ Betteridge J -> Gudnason V Buhr Η -> Raue F tion: interleukin-8 and related chemo- Beyenburg S, Zierz S, Jerusalem F: Inclu­ Bünsch Β -> Kirsch KA tactic cytokines 812 sion body myositis: clinical and histo- Buzanoski J Bollensen Ε Baisch FJ, PetratG: Body fluid distribution pathological features of 36 patients 351 in man in space and effect of lower body Beyer J-H -> Ammon A Cadafalch J -> Domingo Ρ negative pressure treatment 690 Beyer J Raue F Calvi J Raue F IV

Canteras Μ -* Gomez J Domingo P, Martinez E, Martinez C, Bar­ Flade K-D, Ewald R: MIR '92: a joint Rus­ Cantero-Hinojosa J, Diez-Ruiz A, Santos- rio J, Cadafalch J: Neopterin and oppor­ sian-German space mission 675 Perez JL, Aguilar-Martinez JL, Ramos- tunistic infections in HIV-infected pa­ Fliser D -* Nowack R Jimenez A: Lyme disease associated tients 65 Forssmann W-G -»· Cedidi C with hemophagocytic syndrome 620 Doppelbauer A -• Zeitlhofer J Frei U: Glomerular disease of trans­ Caraccio Ν Monzani F Dörfler Η, Rauh G, Bassermann R: Lipo- planted kidneys 840 Cassel W -> Steinmetz A atrophic diabetes 264 Frei U -»> Cedidi C Cavenee WK -> Schwechheimer Κ Draeger J, Schwartz R, Groenhoff S, Stern Frei U -> Grouven U Cedidi C, Kuse E-R, Meyer M, Oldhafer C: Self-tonometry under microgravity Friedrichs U Meyer-Lehnert Η K, Ringe Β, Wahlers Τ, Cremer J, Frei conditions 700 Fuchs D -> Denz Η U, Pichlmayr R, Forssmann W-G: Treat­ Drechsler S -> Meyer-Lehnert Η Führer D Grimminger F ment of acute postoperative renal fail­ Dressendörfer RA -» Drummer C ure after liver and heart transplantation Droese Μ ->· Ammon A Garcia LC -> Corrales JJ by urodilatin 435 Drummer C, Heer Μ, Dressendörfer RA, Gassmann W -* Haferlach Τ ChamberlainS -»· Müller-Felber W Strasburger CJ, Gerzer R: Reduced na- Genolla J -> Collazos J Chan EKL -> Tan EM triuresis during weightlessness 678 Genolla J -> Diaz F Chemnitius JM -» Scholz KH Dunn J Parhofer KG Gerbes AL, Nemer Μ: Detection of C-type Christ M, Bechtel U, Schnaack S, Theisen Dürig Μ -*• Scholz J natriuretic peptide compared with brain K, Wehling M: Aneurysms of coronary Düsing R, Sorger Μ, Mattes L, Göbel BO, and atrial natriuretic peptide transcripts arteries in a patient with adult polycystic Hoffmann G, Rosskopf D, Vetter H, Siffert in human heart by the polymerase chain kidney disease: arteriosclerosis or in• W: Platelet Na+/H+ antiport activity in reaction 672 volvement by the primary disease? 150 patients with insulin-dependent dia• Gerbes AL, Pilz A, Wernze H, Jüngst D: Cinatl J Jr -+ Weber Β betes mellitus with and without diabetic Renal sodium handling and neurohu• Clarke AH, Teiwes W, Scherer H: Vestibu- nephropathy 119 moral systems in patients with cirrhosis lo-oculomotor testing during the course Düsing R Ko Y in sitting posture: effects of spironolac• of a spaceflight mission 740 tone and water immersion 894 Clemens R Nothdurft HD Ebert W -> Blind Ε Gerken G -• Herr W Cohen PR: The use of gemfibrozil in a pa­ Eblen F ->· Zimmermann CW Gerken G Peters Μ tient with chronic myelogenous leuke­ Ecker S -» Mast Η Gerok W -* Lang F mia to successfully manage retinoid-in- Eggert-Kruse W -• Kruse W Gerzer R, Ruyters G, Zöllner Ν: MIR 92 duced hypertriglyceridemia 74 Eggstein Μ -> Stumvoll Μ - a new era in space exploration 673 Collazos J, Genolla J, Allende MT, Ruibal Ehlenz Κ -> Steinmetz A Gerzer R Drummer C A: Serum CA 125 levels in patients with Eichholzer Μ -> Gey KF Gey KF, Stähelin HB, Eichholzer Μ: Poor non-malignant liver diseases without Eiffert Η -> Ammon A plasma status of carotene and vitamin ascites 239 Elia G Fiaccadori F C is associated with higher mortality Collazos J Diaz F Empl Η -> Vries JX de from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Combe C Wagner DR Engelhardt D -»• Weber MM Basel Prospective Study 3 Corrales JJ, Orfao A, Miralies JM, Lopez- Erbslöh-Möller Β -+ Rob PM Gijn J van -> Oddens BJ Berges MC, Garcia LC, Gonzalez M, Erdmann Ε Scheidt W von Glasauer S Mittelstaedt Η Mories MT, San Miguel J: Immunologi­ Erdmann Ε -> Scheurlen C Glasbrenner Β, Pieramico Ο, Brecht- cal features of sporadic multinodular Essfeld D, Baum K, Hoffmann U, Stege­ Krauß D, Baur Μ, Malfertheiner Ρ: Gas­ goiter 552 mann J: Effects of microgravity on inter­ tric emptying of solids and liquids in Couser WG: Mediation of immune glomer­ stitial muscle receptors affecting heart obesity 542 ular injury 808 rate and blood pressure during static Glass Β Haferlach Τ Cremer J -> Cedidi C exercise 704 Göbel BO Düsing R Czygan Μ Kaiser R Ewald R - Flade K-D Gomez J, Banos V, Ruiz J, Herrero F, Per• ez M, Pretel L, Canteras M, Valdes M: Deckart Η -• Raue F Falkner C -• Holtkamp W Clinical significance of anaerobic bac• Deecke L Zeitlhofer J Farid NR -> Boehm BO teremias in a general hospital. A pro• Del Guerra Ρ -* Monzani F Fateh-Moghadam A Diem Η spective study from 1988 to 1992 595 Delport R -> Ubbink JB Felber A -» Jungmann Ε Gonvers JJ Reichen J Denz H, Orth Β, Weiss G, Herrmann R, Fenske S -»· Albrecht Η Gonzalez Μ Corrales JJ Huber P, Wächter Η, Fuchs D: Weight Feussner G, Wagner Α, Kohl Β, Ziegler Gössinger Η Heinz G loss in patients with hematological R: Clinical features of type III hyperlipo­ Götze Η: Laudatio to Prof. Dr. Ν. Zöllner neoplasias is associated with immune proteinemia: analysis of 64 patients on the occasion of his 70th birthday 91 system stimulation 37 362 Grabensee Β -> Heering Ρ Deufel Τ -+ Müller-Felber W Fiaccadori F, Pedretti G, Pasetti G, Pizza- Graeber S -»· Jungmann Ε Diem H, Fateh-Moghadam A, Lamerz R: fern P, Elia G: Torasemide versus furo- Graeve L, Baumann M, Heinrich PC: Inter- Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma: semide in cirrhosis: a longterm, double- leukin-6 in autoimmune diseases. Role role of /^-microglobulin and thymidine blind, randomized clinical study 579 of IL-6 in physiology and pathology of kinase 918 Figulla HR -> Andreas S the immune defense 664 Dimpfel W, Schober F, Spüler Μ: The in­ Finell G Manzey D Greger R, Schlatter E, Bleich M, Hirsch fluence of caffeine on human EEG under Finkenstedt G Wiedermann CJ J: Regulation of tubular transport via ion resting conditions and during mental Fischer B, Morgenroth Κ: Ultrastructural channels 849 loads 197 study on human lung in alveolitis versus Gresser U -> Gross Μ Diaz F, Collazos J, Genollä J: Study of pulmonary fibrosis 452 Gresser U -> Kamilli I serum procollagen type III peptide in pa• Fischer JA: "Asymptomatic" and sympto­ Gresser U Rauh G tients with hepatic cirrhosis from a clini• matic primary hyperparathyroidism Gresser U Vries JX de cal point of view 416 505 Gresser U Wagner DR Diez-Ruiz A -> Cantero-Hinojosa J Fischer Ρ -»· Lochmüller Η Greten Η -> Albrecht Η Doerr HW - Weber Β Fischer Ρ Schmidt-Achert Μ Grimminger F, Mayser P, Papavassilis C, ν

Thomas Μ, Schlotzer Ε, Heuer K-U, Heimpel Η Schrezenmeier Η G, Reinwein D: Long-term treatment of Führer D, Hinsch K-D, Walmrath D, Heinrich PC -»· Graeve L acromegalic patients with repeatable Schill W-B, Seeger W: A double-blind, Heinz G, Kreiner G, Radosztics S, Siostr- parenteral depot-bromocriptine 547 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zonek P, Gössinger Η: Management of Jerusalem F Beyenburg S n-3 fatty acid based lipid infusion in elderly patients with the Wolff-Parkin­ Jerusalem F -+ Zierz S acute, extended guttäte psoriasis. Rapid son-White syndrome: is less aggressive Jung EM -+ Kiesewetter Η improvement of clinical manifestations treatment justified? 519 Jung F, Kolepke W, Spitzer S, Kiesewetter and changes in neutrophil leukotriene Helmchen U, Stahl R: Editorial 807 Η, Ruprecht KW, Bach R, Schieffer H, profile 634 Helmchen U -> Scholz KH Wenzel E: Primary and secondary mi- Grimminger F -+ Seeger W Hermeking Η -> Lobentanzer Η crocirculatory disorders in essential hy­ Grodd W -• Stumvoll Μ Herr W, Gerken G, Poralla T, Immenschuh pertension 132 Groenhoff S -> Draeger J S, Schirmacher P, Steegmüller KW, Jung F Kiesewetter Η Grone EF Grone H-J Schwickert Η, Meyer zum Büschenfelde Jungmann E, Felber A, Graeber S, Hill­ Grone H-J, Walli AK, Grone EF: Arterial K-Η: Hepatitis C virus associated prima­ mann U, Haak T, Palitzsch K-D, Usadel hypertension and hyperlipidemia as de­ ry hepatocellular carcinoma in a non- KH: Human atrial natriuretic peptide in terminants of glomerulosclerosis 834 cirrhotic liver 49 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Gross M, Gresser U: Ergometer exercise Herrero F Gomez J is it related to the development of dia­ in myoadenylate deaminase deficient Herrmann C -+ Meyer Τ betic nephropathy? 604 patients 461 Herrmann C -> Scholz KH Jüngst D -* Gerbes AL Grossklaus R Müller MJ Herrmann R -» Denz Η Jüngst D -+ Ritter C von Grossmann Μ Hoermann R Heuer K-U -*• Grimminger F Gross-Weege W, Weiss M, Wernet P, Var- Heuß D -• Lochmüller Η Kaffarnik Η Steinmetz A ney M, Becker H: Instant therapy of ac­ Heyden S Schneider KA Kaiser Ε Pregant Ρ quired agranulocytosis and sepsis by Heymans HSA -> Kimpen JLL Kaiser R, Kaufmann R, Czygan M, Lang recombinant granulocyte-macrophage Hiddemann W Ammon A H, Lucking CH: Guillain-Barre syndrome colony-stimulating factor in a polytrau­ Hillmann U Jungmann Ε following streptokinase therapy 795 ma patient 791 Hinsch K-D Grimminger F Kamali F: Clinical pharmacology of zido­ Grouven U, Safer A, Frei U, Schultz A, Hirsch J -+ Greger R vudine and other 2',3'-dideoxynucleo- Pichlmayr R: Kidney transplantation Hoermann R, Spoettl G, Grossmann M, side analogues 392 from cadaveric donors versus living re­ Salier B, Mann K: Molecular hetero­ Kamilli I, Gresser U: Allopurinol and oxy- lated donors: improved results in the geneity of human chorionic gonadotro­ purinol in human breast milk 161 cyclosporine era 621 pin in serum and urine from patients Kamilli I Rauh G Gudnason V, Mak Y-T, Betteridge J, with trophoblastic tumors 953 Karsch KR -» Preisack MB McCarthy SN, Humphries S: Use of the Hoermann R -* Sailer Β Kartha S -• Toback FG single-strand conformational polymor­ Höfer R -• Raue F Kaufmann R Kaiser R phism method to detect recurrent and Hoffmann G -• Düsing R Kaufmann R Scherbaum WA novel mutations in the low-density lipo­ Hoffmann U Essfeld D Keller C -• Manke C protein receptor gene in patients with Hofmann AF Wolpers C Keller C Meurer A familial hypercholesterolemia: detec­ Hofmann A -> Schuster A Keller C -> Schuster Η tion of a novel mutation Asp200 -»>Gly Hofmeister F -> Papakonstantinou G Keller C -> Tatö F 331 Hofstetter-Degen K, Wetzig J, Baumgarten Keller C - Weiss Ν Gundel A, Nalishiti V, Reucher E, Vejvoda R von: Oculovestibular interactions Keller Ρ -> Schuster Η M, Zulley J: Sleep and circadian rhythm under microgravity 749 Kemkes BM -* Scheidt W von during a short space mission 718 Hofstetter-Degen Κ -* Wetzig J Kerjaschki D: Molecular development of Gunga H-C -> Kirsch ΚΑ Holtkamp W, Brodersen H-P, Stollberg T, immune deposits and proteinuria in Günther A Seeger W Thiery J, Falkner C: Zinc supplementa­ Heymann nephritis 817 tion stimulates tetanus antibody forma­ Kerscher Μ Körting HC Haak Τ Jungmann Ε tion and soluble interleukin-2 receptor Ketzler-Sasse U Boehm BO Haase R -> Jaspers C levels in chronic hemodialysis patients Kiechl S Berek Κ Haase R -» Petrasch SG 537 Kiefel V -> Meyer Τ Haferlach T, Löffler H, Glass Β, Gassmann Holzberger G -> Boehm BO Kiesewetter H, Jung F, Jung EM, Blume W: Repeated complete remission in a Horn JR -* Schneider KA J, Mrowietz C, Birk A, Koscielny J, Wen­ patient with acute promyelocyte leuke­ Hörne C -+ Nowack R zel E: Effects of garlic coated tablets in mia after treatment with 13-c/s-retinoic Hörner Μ -»· Rudi J peripheral arterial occlusive disease acid first and with all-frans-retinoic acid Hotze A -> Kluetsch Κ 383 in relapse 774 Huber Ρ -• Denz Η Kiesewetter Η Jung F Haller EM -+ Toplak Η Humphries S -»· Gudnason V Kimpen JLL, Heymans HSA: Acyclovir for Haller Η -• Passfall J varicella in immunocompetent patients Hamilton Μ -* Schneider ΚΑ Immenschuh S -• Herr W 421 Hammer C Pliml W Ittensohn A -• Vries JX de Kinne R -»· Pfleiderer S Hamper Κ -*· Scholz J Ittensohn A -* Walter-Sack I Kirklies A Steinmetz A Hardt Κ ν d Brandis Μ Kirsch ΚΑ, Baartz F-J, Gunga H-C, Röcker Häussinger D Lang F Jacob BG, Richter WO, Schwandt P: Ther­ L, Wicke HJ, Bünsch Β: Fluid shifts into Heckeley Ν Reitz G apy of severe familial heterozygous hy­ and out of superficial tissues under mi­ Heer Μ -• Drummer C percholesterolemia by low-density lipo­ crogravity and terrestrial conditions Heering P, Schadewaldt P, Bach D, Gra­ protein apheresis with immunoadsorp- 687 bensee B: Nephrotoxicity of cyclospor­ tion: effects of the addition of 3-hydroxy- Kirsten D, Rieger U, Schröder KH, Bohle ine in humans: effect of cyclosporine on 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase Α, Magnussen Η: Pulmonary tuberculo­ glomerular filtration and proximal tubu­ inhibitors to therapy 908 sis due to bacille Calmette-Guerin 787 lar reabsorption 1010 Jansen Ο -»· Rob PM Kleber G -»Baumert Τ Hehlmann R -»· Papakonstantinou G Jaspers C, Haase R, Pfingsten Η, Benker Klein Κ Lehmann R VI

Kling Ε, Bieg S, Boehme M, Scherbaum junal ileus in intestinal lymphangiecta­ Mayser Ρ -> Grimminger F WA: Circulating intercellular adhesion sia 568 McCarthy SN -> Gudnason V molecule 1 as a new activity marker in Lichtlen Ρ -• Riedel Μ Meer JWM van der: Infections in splenec- patients with systemic lupus erythema­ Ließ Η -* Zoller WG tomised patients: guidelines for man­ tosus 299 Liewald C -* Preisack MB agement 1 Kluetsch K, Hotze A, Rao GS: Analogous Lindner Μ -> Lenzhofer R Meigel W -> Plettenberg A effects of serum lipids from patients with Littarru GP: Biomedical and clinical as­ Meinel Τ -> Blind Ε nonthyroidal illness, and normal sub­ pects of coenzyme Q 587 Menck S Bollensen Ε jects on the uptake of thyroxine and its Lobentanzer H, Neubrand M, Hermeking Merwe A van der Ubbink JB conversion to triiodothyronine by rat he- H, Sauerbruch Τ: In vitro study to eluci­ Meurer Α, Lohmöller G, Keller C: Got- patocytes in culture 21 date the physical laws concerning the tron's acrogeria and sarcoidosis 387 Knoblauch Μ Reichen J fragmentation of both solitary and multi­ Meyer Β Reichen J Ko Y, Sachinidis A, Wieczorek AJ, Appen­ ple artificial stones 882 Meyer L von -> Ritter C von heimer Μ, Düsing R, Vetter Η: Insulin Lochmüller Η, Reimers CD, Fischer Ρ, Meyer Μ Cedidi C enhances angiotensin II induced DNA Heuß D, Müller-Höcker J, Pongratz DE: Meyer S Schuurman Β synthesis in vascular smooth muscle Exercise-induced myalgia in hypothyr• Meyer T, Herrmann C, Wiegand V, Ma­ cells of the rat 379 oidism 999 thias Β, Kiefel V, Mueller-Eckhardt C: Koch HJ: Diets, lipids, calcium and hyper­ Loewenich V ν -* Böhles Η Immune thrombocytopenia associated tension 254 Löffler Η -• Haferlach Τ with hemorrhagic diathesis due to Ibu­ Koch J Albrecht Η Lohmöller G Meurer A profen administration 413 Kohl Β -> Feussner G Lohmöller G -> Thalhammer C Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-Η -> Herr W Kolepke W Jung F Löliger C Boehm BO Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-Η -* Peters Kommereil Β Rudi J Lopez-Berges MC Corrales JJ Μ König Μ Vogelberg KH Lorenz Β -> Manzey D Meyer-Lehnert Η, Bokemeyer D, Fried­ Kopp Ε -> Andreas S Löscher Τ Nothdurft HD richs U, Drechsler S, Kramer HJ: Cellu­ Körting HC, Kerscher M, Schäfer-Körting Lötz J -• Beck Μ lar signaling by cyclosporine A in con­ M, Berchtenbreiter U: Influence of topi• Lucking CH Kaiser R tractile cells: interactions with atrial na­ cal erythromycin preparations for acne Luft FC: The awful German language 66 triuretic peptide 153 vulgaris on skin surface pH 644 Luft FC, Sharma AM: Identifying the genet­ Miralles JM -> Corrales JJ Körting HC -> Schmid ΜΗ ic determinants of hypertension 871 Mittelstaedt H, Glasauer S: Illusions of Koscielny J Kiesewetter Η Luisi Μ -> Monzani F verticality in weightlessness 732 Kotzerke J -• Raue F Mlynek-Kersjes ML Petrasch SG Kramer HJ -> Meyer-Lehnert Η Magnussen Η: Reply to the letter by Möhrle W -• Ritter C von Kreiner C Walter-Sack I F. Schmidt 68 Möhrle W -+ Sönnichsen AC Kreiner G -+ Heinz G Magnussen Η -> Kirsten D Mohrmann Μ -* Brandis Μ Kreuzer Η Andreas S Mak Y-T Gudnason V Monzani F, Del Guerra P, Caraccio N, Kreuzer Η -> Scholz KH Male PJ Reichen J Pruneti CA, Pucci E, Luisi M, Baschieri Kruis W -* Scheurlen C Malfertheiner Ρ Glasbrenner Β L: Subclinical hypothyroidism: neurobe- Kruse W, Eggert-Kruse W, Rampmaier J, Manegold C -> Blind Ε havioral features and beneficial effect of Runnebaum B, Weber E: Compliance Manke C, Schuster H, Keller C, Wolfram L-thyroxine treatment 367 and adverse drug reactions: a prospec­ G: The effect of the apolipoprotein Ε Morgenroth Κ -» Fischer Β tive study with ethinylestradiol using polymorphism on lipid levels in patients Mories MT Corrales JJ continuous compliance monitoring 483 with familial defective apolipoprotein Moser A -> Lenzhofer R Küffer G Spengel FA B-100 277 Mrowietz C -> Kiese wetter Η Kühnl Ρ -» Boehm BO Mann Κ Baumert Τ Mueller-Eckhardt C Meyer Τ Kuse E-R Cedidi C Mann Κ Hoermann R Müller CA -> Müller GA Kvasnicka HM -» Lehmann R Mann Κ Salier Β Müller GA, Müller CA: Immunogenetics of Manz F Pfleiderer S glomerulonephritis 822 Lamerz R -> Baumert Τ Manzey D, Lorenz B, Schiewe A, Finell Müller MJ, Grossklaus R: Who should un• Lamerz R Borlinghaus Ρ G, Thiele T: Behavioral aspects of hu­ dergo a very low energy diet? 963 Lamerz R -> Diem Η man adaptation to space: analyses of Müller-Felber W, Rossmanith Τ, Spes C, Landthaler Μ Rauh G cognitive and psychomotor performance Chamberlain S, Pongratz D, Deufe! T: Lang Β -+ Müller-Ladner U in space during an 8-day space mis­ The clinical spectrum of Friedreich's Lang F, Gerok W, Häussinger D: New sion 725 ataxia in German families showing link­ clues to the pathophysiology of hepato• Marienhoff Ν -* Rob PM age to the FRDA locus on chromosome renal failure 93 Martin M: PHLECO: a multicenter study 9 109 Lang Η Kaiser R of the fate of 1647 hospital patients treat­ Müller-Felber W -> Schmidt-Achert Μ Lang J Weber MM ed conservatively without fibrinolysis Müller-Höcker J -+ Lochmüller Η Lange V -+ Ritter C von and surgery 471 Müller-Ladner U, Benning K, Lang B: Cur• Lasch HG Seeger W Martinez C -> Domingo Ρ rent therapy of systemic sclerosis Lauermann Τ Toplak Η Martinez Ε Domingo Ρ (scleroderma) 257 Lavanchy D Reichen J Marx Ρ Mast Η Murer H, Biber J: Structural identification Lehmann R, Kvasnicka HM, Wapniarz Μ, Mast H, Ecker S, Marx P: Cerebral isch­ of brush border membrane transport Klein Κ, Allolio Β: Overestimation of os­ emia induced by compression tests dur­ systems - towards an understanding of teopenia using standard analysis soft­ ing transcranial Doppler sonography regulatory mechanisms 852 ware for peripheral quantitative comput­ 46 Mutschier Ε Nowack R ed tomography 600 Mathias Β Meyer Τ Leitha Τ Zeitlhofer J Mattes L Düsing R Nalishiti V -> Gundel A Leititis J Brandis Μ Mattie H: The importance of pharmacokin• Nemer Μ -> Gerbes AL Lenzhofer R, Lindner M, Moser A, Berger etics and pharmacodynamics for effec• Neubrand Μ ->· Lobentanzer Η J, Schuschnigg C, Thurner J: Acute je­ tive treatment of infections 480 Neumann Η -+ Raue F VII

Neumann-Schmidt S -> Zierz S Pichlmayr R -> Grouven U dose interferon in chronic hepatitis non- Niemeyer A -* Ritter C von Pieramico Ο -» Glasbrenner Β A/non-B: effects on quantitative liver Nothdurft HD, Clemens R, Bock HL, Pilz A -+ Gerbes AL function and structure in a randomized, Löscher Τ: Halofantrine: a new sub­ Pizzaferri Ρ -+ Fiaccadori F controlled multicenter trial 888 stance for treatment of multidrug-resis- Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Stellbrink H-J, Al­ Reil S —• Ammon A tant malaria 69 brecht H, Meigel W: A preparation from Reimers CD Lochmüller Η Nouri-Aria KT -> Arnold JC bovine colostrum in the treatment of Reinhardt D Schuster A Nowack R, Fliser D, Richter J, Hörne C, HIV-positive patients with chronic diar­ Reinisch Ν Wiedermann CJ Mutschier E, Ritz Ε: Effects of angioten- rhea 42 Reinwein D -> Jaspers C sin-converting enzyme inhibition on re­ Pliml W, Arnim Τ von, Hammer C: Effects Reinwein D -> Petrasch SG nal sodium handling after furosemide of therapeutic ribose levels on human Reinwein D -> Raue F injection 622 lymphocyte proliferation in vitro 770 Reitz G, Beaujean R, Heckeley N, Obe G: Nowotny Β -> Schaaf L Pohl Τ Schaaf L Dosimetry in the space radiation field Pongratz DE Lochmüller Η 710 Obe G Reitz G Pongratz D Müller-Felber W Reucher Ε Gundel A Oddens BJ, Algra A, Gijn J van: Informing Pongratz D -> Schmidt-Achert Μ Richter J Nowack R patients about clinical trials 572 PorallaT -> Herr W Richter V -> Rob PM O'Grady JG Arnold JC Portmann BC -» Arnold JC Richter WO -+ Jacob BG OlbrichtT -* Petrasch SG Pozo R del -» Ritter C von Richter WO -• Otto C Oldhafer Κ -*· Cedidi C Prange HW -> Bollensen Ε Richter WO Ritter C von Orfao A Corrales JJ Prause A Scholz J Richter WO -• Sönnichsen AC Orth Β Denz Η Pregant P, Kaiser E, Schernthaner G: No Riedel Μ, Rafflenbeul W, Lichtlen P: Ovar­ Ostwald Ρ Schuster Η effect of insulin treatment or glycemic ian sex steroids and atherosclerosis Otto C, Sönnichsen AC, Ritter MM, Richter improvement on plasma carnitine levels 406 WO, Schwandt P: Influence of fiber, xyli- in type 2 diabetic patients 610 Rieger U Kirsten D tol and fructose in enteral formulas on Preisack MB, Athanasiadis A, Liewald C, Ringe Β Cedidi C glucose and lipid metabolism in normal Baumbach A, Karsch KR: Acute vessel Ritter C von, Niemeyer A, Lange V, subjects 290 closure following excimer laser coro­ Möhrle W, Richter WO, Meyer L von, Overkamp D Stumvoll Μ nary angioplasty: can we predict it? Brandl Η, Pozo R del, Jüngst D: Indo- 978 methacin decreases viscosity of gall• Paar D -+ Petrasch SG Pretel L -* Gomez J bladder bile in patients with cholesterol Paland Μ -+ Schneider KA Pruneti CA Monzani F gallstone disease 928 Palitzsch K-D Jungmann Ε Pucc'i Ε -* Monzani F Ritter MM -• Otto C Papakonstantinou G, Bogner JR, Hofmeis­ Ritter MM -* Sönnichsen AC ter F, Hehlmann R: Cefotaxime de- Quass Ρ -> Passfall J Ritter Μ Raue F sensitization 165 Ritz Ε Nowack R Papavassilis C -> Grimminger F Racusen LC: Tubular injury in human kid­ Rob PM, Jansen Ο, Richter V, Erbslöh- Parhofer KG, Barrett PHR, Dunn J, Schon­ neys: pathologic findings and pathogen­ Möller Β, Marienhoff Ν, Wiedemann G: feld G: Effect of pravastatin on metabol­ ic mechanisms 858 Diagnosis of renal transplant failure by ic parameters of apolipoprotein Β in pa­ Racz Ρ -» Rudi J real-time and duplex Doppler sonogra­ tients with mixed hyperlipoproteinemia Radosztics S -> Heinz G phy 531 939 Rafflenbeul W -> Riedel Μ Röcker L -> Kirsch ΚΑ Pasetti G -• Fiaccadori F Raghavachar A Schrezenmeier Η Roher HD Raue F Passfall J, Philipp Τ, Woermann F, Quass Ramadori G Schwörer Η Rosskopf D Düsing R P, Thiede Μ, Haller Η: Different effects Ramos-Jimenez A -> Cantero-Hinojosa J Rossmanith Τ Müller-Felber W of eicosapentaenoic acid and olive oil Rampmaier J Kruse W Roth CM -• Zoller WG on blood pressure, intracellular free pla­ Rao GS Kluetsch Κ Roth Μ -• Böhles Η telet calcium, and plasma lipids in pa­ Rau H, Althoff P-H, Schmidt K, Badenhoop Rudi J, Racz P, Hörner M, Kommerell B: tients with essential hypertension 628 K, Usadel KH: Bromocriptine treatment Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) after Pedretti G -> Fiaccadori F over 12 years in acromegaly: effect on a visit to the Mediterranean region 616 Perez Μ -»- Gomez J glucose tolerance and insulin secre­ Ruibal A -> Collazos J Peter JH -» Steinmetz A tion 372 Ruiz J Gomez J Peters M, Meyer zum Büschenfelde K-Η, Raue F, Kotzerke J, Reinwein D, Schröder Rumrich G Ullrich KJ Gerken G: Acute hepatic failure: limita­ S, Roher HD, Deckart Η, Höfer R, Ritter Runnebaum Β Kruse W tions of medical treatment and indica­ Μ, Seif F, Buhr H, Beyer J, Schober O, Ruprecht KW Jung F tions for liver transplantation 875 Becker W, Neumann H, Calvi J, Winter Ruyters G Gerzer R Petrasch SG, Mlynek-Kersjes ML, Haase J, Vogt H, The German Medullary Thy­ R, Benker G, Olbricht T, Paar D, Rein- roid Carcinoma Study Group: Prognos­ Sachinidis Α -> Ko Y wein D: Basophilic leukocytes in hy­ tic factors in medullary thyroid carcino­ Safer A Grouven U pothyroidism 27 ma: evaluation of 741 patients from the Salier B, Stapfer G, Bein B, Hoermann R, Petrat G Baisch FJ German Medullary Tyhroid Carcinoma Speisberg F, Mann K: Increased binding Pfingsten Η Jaspers C Register 7 capacity of receptors for the epidermal Pfleiderer S, Zimmerhackl LB, Kinne R, Raue F Blind Ε growth factor in benign thyroid nodules Manz F, Schuler G, Brandis Μ: Renal Rauh G, Kamilli I, Gresser U, Landthaler and thyroid malignancies 898 proximal and distal tubular function is M: Relapsing polychondritis presenting Sailer Β Hoermann R attenuated in diabetes mellitus type 1 as cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa 305 San Miguel J -+ Corrales JJ as determined by the renal excretion of Rauh G -> Dörfler Η Santos-Perez JL -+ Cantero-Hinojosa J ^-microglobulin and Tamm-Horsfall Reichart Β Scheidt W von Sauerbruch Τ -* Lobentanzer Η protein 972 Reichen J, Solioz M, Bühler H, Gonvers Sauerbruch Τ -> Scheurlen C Philipp Τ Passfall J JJ, Knoblauch M, Lavanchy D, Male PJ, Schaaf L, Pohl T, Schmidt R, Vardali I, Pichlmayr R -• Cedidi C Meyer B, Schmid M, Bianchi L: Low- Teuber J, Schlote-Sauter B, Nowotny B, VIII

Schiebeier Η, Zober Α, Usadel KH: Scholz KH, Herrmann C, Tebbe U, Chem- not to parameters of glucose metabo­ Screening for thyroid disorders in a nitius JM, Helmchen U, Kreuzer Η: Myo­ lism in healthy premenopausal women working population 126 cardial infarction in young patients with 913 Schadewaldt Ρ Heering Ρ Hodgkin's disease - potential pathogen­ Sönnichsen AC -> Otto C Schäfer JR -> Steinmetz A ic role of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, Sorger Μ Düsing R Schäfer-Körting Μ -> Körting HC and splenectomy 57 Speisberg F -> Sailer Β Schäfers H-J -> Borst HG Schonfeld G -> Parhofer KG Spengel FA, Küffer G, Stiegler Η: Efficacy Schauer I Schauer UJW Schreiber MA -> Schewe S and tolerance of recombinant tissue- Schauer UJW, Schauer I: Beta-blockers, Schrezenmeier H, Raghavachar A, Heim- type plasminogen activator in patients lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase ac• pel H: Granulocyte-macrophage colony- with thrombotic or embolic occlusions tivity, and lipoprotein concentrations stimulating factor in the sera of patients of leg-arteries 323 663 with aplastic anemia 102 Spes C Müller-Felber W Scheidt W von, Kemkes BM, Reichart Β, Schröder KH Kirsten D Spitzer S -> Jung F Erdmann Ε: Percutaneous transluminal Schröder R Zierz S Spoettl G -» Hoermann R coronary angioplasty of focal coronary Schröder S Raue F Spüler Μ -+ Dimpfel W lesions after cardiac transplantation Schuler G -* Pfleiderer S Stäbler A Baumert Τ 524 Schulte am Esch J -> Scholz J Stähelin HB Gey KF Scherbaum WA, Kaufmann R, Vogel U, Schultz A -> Grouven U Stahl R -> Helmchen U Adler G: Henoch-Schönlein purpura Schuschnigg C -> Lenzhofer R Stahl R -• Thaiss F with ileitis terminalis 564 Schuster A, Hofmann A, Reinhardt D: Stapfer G -* Salier Β Scherbaum WA Kling Ε Does pertussis infection induce mani• Steegmüller KW -* Herr W Scherer Η Clarke AH festation of allergy? 208 Stegemann J -> Essfeld D Schernthaner G -* Pregant Ρ Schuster H, Ostwald P, Keller P, Wolfram Steinhöfel U -• Scholz J Scheurlen C, Allgayer H, Kruis W, Erd- G, Keller C: Identification of the serine- Steinmetz A, Kirklies A, Schlosser G, Cas• mann E, Sauerbruch Τ: Effect of olsala- 156 to leucine mutation in the low-den• sel W, Peter JH, Ehlenz K, Schäfer JR, zine and mesalazine on human ileal and sity lipoprotein receptor in a German Wiehert Ρ ν, Kaffarnik Η: Lipoprotein (a), colonic (Na++ K + )-ATPase. A possible family with familial hypercholesterole• low-density, intermediate-density lipo­ diarrhogenic factor? 286 mia 172 protein, and blood pressure in a young Schewe S, Schreiber MA: Stepwise devel­ Schuster Η Manke C male population 145 opment of a clinical expert system in Schuurman B, Meyer S: Increasing inci­ Stellbrink H-J -» Albrecht Η rheumatology 139 dence and mortality rates of soft tissue Stellbrink H-J -> Plettenberg A Schiebeler Η -* Schaaf L sarcoma in Western countries? 339 Stenzhorn G -* Walter-Sack I Schleuer Η -> Jung F Schwandt Ρ -> Jacob BG Stern C Draeger J Schiewe A -> Manzey D Schwandt Ρ Otto C Stiegler Η Spengel FA Schifferdecker Ε Boehm BO Schwandt Ρ -> Sönnichsen AC Stoehr A -> Plettenberg A Schill W-B Grimminger F Schwartz R Draeger J Stollberg Τ -> Holtkamp W Schirmacher Ρ Herr W Schwarz J -> Baumert Τ Strasburger CJ -+ Drummer C Schlatter Ε -*> Greger R Schwechheimer Κ, Cavenee WK: Genetics Stumvoll M, Schnauder G, Overkamp D, Schlöndorff D: Potential role of chemotact- of cancer predisposition and progres­ Buettner UW, Grodd W, Eggstein M: ic cytokines in glomerular injury 815 sion 488 Systemic vasculitis positive for circulat­ Schlosser G -> Steinmetz A Schwickert Η -> Herr W ing antineutrophil cytoplasmic anti­ Schlote-Sauter Β -+ Schaaf L Schwörer Η, Ramadori G: Treatment of bodies and with predominantly neu­ Schlotzer Ε Grimminger F pruritus: a new indication for serotonin rological presentation 613 Schmid MH, Körting HC: Liposomes for type 3 receptor antagonists 659 atopic dry skin: the rationale for a prom• Seeger W, Günther A, Walmrath HD, ising approach 649 Grimminger F, Lasch HG: Alveolar sur• Tan EM, Chan EKL: Molecular biology of Schmid Μ -* Reichen J factant and adult respiratory distress autoantigens and new insights into au­ Schmidt F: Passive smoking and lung syndrome. Pathogenetic role and thera• toimmunity 327 function in asthmatic children: a com­ peutic prospects 177 Tatö F, Keller C, Wolfram G: Effects of fish mentary 67 Seeger W -* Grimminger F oil concentrate on lipoproteins and apo- Schmidt Κ -» Rau Η Seichert N, Senn E: Clinical meaning of lipoproteins in familial combined hyper- Schmidt R Schaaf L the torque between stance leg and lipidemia 314 Schmidt-Achert M, Fischer P, Müller- ground for the analysis of gait mecha• Tebbe U Scholz KH Felber W, Pongratz D: Heterozygotic nism 214 Teiwes W -> Clarke AH gene expression in endomyocardial Seidl S Boehm BO Teuber J Schaaf L biopsies: a new diagnostic tool confirms Seif F Raue F Thaiss F, Stahl R: Cellular and molecular the Duchenne carrier status 247 Senn Ε Seichert Ν pathomechanisms of diabetic nephro• Schmutzhard Ε -> Berek Κ Sharma AM -> Luft FC pathy 830 Schnaack S -»· Christ Μ Shin YS: Diagnosis of fructose-1,6- Thalhammer C, Bogner JR, Lohmöller G: Schnauder G -* Stumvoll Μ bisphosphatase deficiency using leuko­ Chronic pentamidine aerosol prophylax• Schneider KA, Paland M, Hamilton M, cytes: normal leukocyte enzyme activity is does not induce QT prolongation 319 Horn JR, Heyden S: Influence of dietary in three female patients 115 The German Medullary Thyroid Carcino• sodium restriction on lipid metabolism Siffert W -»· Düsing R ma Study Group Raue F 990 Siostrzonek Ρ Heinz G Theisen Κ Christ Μ Schober F -> Dimpfel W Sitte Β -> Wiedermann CJ Thiede Μ -> Passfall J Schober Ο Raue F Solioz Μ Reichen J Thiele Τ -> Manzey D Scholz J, Steinhöfel U, Dürig Μ, Prause Sönnichsen AC, Ritter MM, Möhrle W, ThieryJ Holtkamp W A, Bause HW, Hamper K, Schulte am Richter WO, Schwandt Ρ: The waist-to- Thomas Μ -> Grimminger F Esch J: Postoperative pulmonary com­ hip ratio corrected for body mass index Thurner J -• Lenzhofer R plications in patients with esophageal is related to serum triglycerides and Tilz GP - Toplak Η cancer 294 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but Toback FG, Kartha S, Walsh-Reitz MM: IX

Regeneration of kidney tubular epitheli­ Barth PJ: Pulmonary arteritis with pul­ Wieser S -»· Borlinghaus Ρ al cells 861 monary arterial thrombosis and recur­ Willeit J -+ Berek Κ Toplak H, Haller EM, Lauermann Τ, Weber rent endopulmonary embolization 559 Williams R Arnold JC Κ, Tilz GP, Wascher TC: Serum concen­ Wahlers Τ Cedidi C Winter J Raue F tration of soluble intercellular adhesion Walli AK -• Grone H-J Woermann F -» Passfall J molecule 1 in chlamydial infection in Walmrath D -• Grimminger F Wolf G: Regulating factors of renal tubular diabetes mellitus type II 806 Walmrath HD Seeger W hypertrophy 867 Transplantationsgruppe Mittelfranken: Walsh-Reitz MM - Toback FG Wolfram G -• Manke C Twenty-five years of renal transplanta­ Walter-Sack I, Vries JX de, Kreiner C, It­ Wolfram G -• Schuster Η tion from a single center: a risk factor tensohn A, Stenzhorn G, Voss A, Weber Wolfram G -• Tato F analysis for short- and long-term out­ E: Bioequivalence of allopurinol prepa­ Wolpers C, Hofmann AF: Solitary versus comes 341 rations: to be assessed by the parent multiple cholesterol gallbladder stones. Tribl G Zeitlhofer J drug or the active metabolite? 240 Mechanisms of formation and growth Walter-Sack I Vries JX de 423 Ubbink JB, Merwe A van der, Vermaak Wapniarz Μ Lehmann R WJH, Delport R: Hyperhomocysteinemia Wascher TC Toplak Η Zeilberger Κ -» Weber MM and the response to vitamin supplemen­ Weber B, Braun W, Cinatl J Jr, Doerr HW: Zeitlhofer J, Doppelbauer A, Tribl G, tation 993 Humoral immune response to human Leitha T, Deecke L: Changes of serum Ullrich KJ, Rumrich G: Renal transport cytomegalovirus infection: diagnostic lipid patterns during long-term anticon­ mechanisms for xenobiotics: chemicals potential of immunoglobulin class and vulsive treatment 574 and drugs 843 IgG subclass antibody response to hu­ Zentner J Zoller WG UmgelterA Zoller WG man cytomegalovirus early and late an­ Ziegler R -> Blind Ε Unkrig CJ -» Zierz S tigens 270 Ziegler R -* Feussner G Usadel KH -» Boehm BO Weber Ε ->· Kruse W Zierz S, Neumann-Schmidt S, Jerusalem Usadel KH Böhles Η Weber Ε -+ Vries JX de F: Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltrans­ Usadel KH Jungmann Ε Weber Ε Walter-Sack I ferase in normal human skeletal muscle Usadel KH -> Rau Η Weber Κ Toplak Η and in muscle of patients with carnitine Usadel KH Schaaf L Weber M: Rapidly progressive glomerulo­ palmitoyltransferase deficiency by long- nephritis: recent advances in pathogen­ and short-chain acylcarnitine and acyl- esis, diagnosis, and therapy 825 coenzyme A 763 Valadares ER Beck Μ Weber MM, Lang J, Abedinpour F, Zeil- Zierz S, Schröder R, Unkrig CJ: Thrombo• Valdes Μ Gomez J berger K, Adelmann Β, Engelhardt D: cytopenia induced by erucic acid thera• Vardali I Schaaf L Different inhibitory effect of etomidate py in patients with X-linked adrenoleu- Varney Μ Gross-Weege W and ketoconazole on the human adrenal kodystrophy 802 Vejvoda Μ -+ Gundel A steroid biosynthesis 933 Zierz S Beyenburg S Vermaak WJH -> Ubbink JB Webling Μ -* Christ Μ Zilian U -*• Wiedermann CJ Vetter Η -> Düsing R Weiss G -+ Denz Η Zimmerhackl LB Pfleiderer S Vetter Η - Ko Υ Weiss Μ -> Gross-Weege W Zimmerhackl RB -> Brandis Μ Vogelberg KH, König Μ: Hypoxia of diabet­ Weiss N, Keller C: Xanthoma dissemina- Zimmermann CW, Eblen F: Repertoires of ic feet with abnormal arterial blood tum: a rare normolipemic xanthomato­ autoantibodies against homologous eye flow 466 sis 233 muscle in ocular and generalized myas­ Vogl G - Berek Κ Wenzel Ε -• Jung F thenia gravis differ 445 Vogel U -> Scherbaum WA Wenzel Ε Kiesewetter Η Zober A Schaaf L Vogt Η -* Raue F Wernet Ρ -+ Gross-Weege W Zoller WG, Ließ Η, Roth CM, Umgelter A: Vogt-Moykopf I -> Blind Ε Wernze Η Gerbes AL Clinical application of three-dimension­ Voss A -» Walter-Sack I Wetzig J, Hofstetter-Degen K, Baumgarten al sonography in internal medicine 226 Vries JX de, Walter-Sack I, Ittensohn A, R von: Responses to eccentric rotation Zoller WG, Wagner DR, Zentner J: Effect Weber E, Empl H, Gresser U, Zöllner N: in two space-bound subjects 757 of propranolol on portal vein hemody­ Benzbromarone hydroxylation in man: Wetzig J -* Hofstetter-Degen Κ namics: assessment by duplex sonogra­ defective formation of the 6-hydroxy- Wiehert Ρ von Wagner U phy and indocyanine green clearance in benzbromarone metabolite 947 Wiehert Pv -> Steinmetz A healthy volunteers 654 Vries JX de -» Walter-Sack I Wicke HJ -+ Kirsch KA Zöllner Ν: Reply to the letter by F.C. Luft Wieczorek AJ -> Ko Y 66 Wächter Η Denz Η Wiedemann G -* Rob PM Zöllner Ν -> Gerzer R Wagner A -> Feussner G Wiedermann CJ, Sitte B, Zilian U, Rein- Zöllner Ν Vries JX de Wagner DR, Combe C, Gresser U: GM- isch N, Beimpold H, Finkenstedt G, Zulley J -> Gundel A CSF and G-CSF in Felty's syndrome Braunsteiner H: Inhibition of superoxide 168 anion release from circulating neutro­ Wagner DR -• Zoller WG phils by L-arginine in man 985 Indexed in Current Contents Wagner U, Bittinger A, Wiehert Ρ von, Wiegand V Meyer Τ and Index Medicus Clin Investig (1993) 71:319-322 ΟΙΪΠΪΟΒΙ Clinical Pharmacology Original Article Investigator

© Springer-Verlag 1993

Chronic pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis does not induce QT prolongation *

C. Thalhammer, J.R. Bogner, and G. Lohmöller Medizinische Poliklinik, Universität München

Summary. Intravenous administration of pentami• tis carinii pneumonia (PcP) [11]. A rare, little- dine is known to cause long-QT syndrome (Tor• known, but life-threatening adverse effect of sys• sade de pointes tachycardias and large QT prolon• temic pentamidine therapy is long-QT syndrome gation) in rare cases and to cause small QT prolon• (LQTS), the combination of QT prolongation gation regulary. A similar pattern is seen with (with a heart rate-corrected QT - or QTc - usually other drugs known to cause a long-QT syndrome. longer than 480 ms) and ventricular tachycardias Pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis is commonly (usually of Torsade de pointes type). We know of used to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia a total of 14 published cases since 1987 [2, 5, 7, in HIV-infected persons. The goal of this study 12, 14-18, 20]. All cases were treated for PcP with was to clarify whether pentamidine aerosol pro• the usual doses of pentamidine intravenously or phylaxis induces QT prolongation. We examined intramuscularly for 6-20 days. The patients were 100 patients receiving pentamidine aerosol prophy• young men (median age 33 years) without renal laxis at a rather high dose (300 mg biweekly) for insufficiency, heart disease, or previous arrhyth• at least 1 month (range 1-24) by determinating mias. At the first occurrence of LQTS none was the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc), treated with other drugs known to induce LQTS. blind for treatment. In a cross-sectional study, QTc QT prolongation prior to pentamidine therapy was was not different in 50 HIV-infected patients with found in two cases, hypokalemia in six and hypo- chronic pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis (413 ms), magnesia in six. In at least seven cases ventricular 50 similar HIV-infected patients without pentami• tachycardias occurred without any of these pre• dine (407 ms), and 50 similar patients without disposing conditions. Electrical or mechanical defi• HIV-infection and without pentamidine (407 ms). brillation was necessary in at least seven cases. In a longitudinal study in another 50 HIV-infected Tachycardias did occur, at the latest 2 days after patients, QTc was the same before (414 ms) and discontinuation of pentamidine, and QTc usually on long-term (median 9-month) pentamidine aero• became normal within 1 week. In one case intrave• sol prophylaxis (414 ms). In contrast to the case nous pentamidine was successfully substituted by with intravenous pentamidine, we found no QT pentamidine inhalations [15]. prolongation and thereby no risk of long-QT syn• The risk of PAP inducing LQTS needs to be drome with pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis. established for the following reasons: (a) A causal relationship of systemic pentamidine therapy to Key words: Pentamidine - Arrhythmias - QT inter• LQTS is now very likely, (b) LQTS due to penta• val - Long-QT syndrome midine may not be dose related but rather an "idiosyncratic" reaction [3]. (c) One case of ac• quired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and In persons infected with the human immunodefi• LQTS during PAP (among other possible factors) ciency virus (HIV) pentamidine aerosol prophylax• has been reported [8]. (d) Other systemic adverse is (PAP) effectively reduces the risk of Pneumocys- effects of systemic pentamidine treatment have also been reported on PAP [9, 10, 13]. (e) Although Abbreviations: AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; inhaled pentamidine is absorbed only minimally HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; LQTS = long-QT syn• [4-6], accumulation in human myocardium with drome; PAP = pentamidine aerosol prophylaxis; PcP = Pneu• chronic PAP has not been excluded, (f) A rare but mocystis ctrimi pneumonia; QTc = QT interval, corrected for heart rate life-threatening adverse effect (LQTS) lowers the * Dedicated to Prof. Dr. N. Zöllner on the occasion of his benefit-risk ratio more for a prophylactic measure 70th birthday (PAP) than for an effective systemic treatment of 320 a life-threatening disease (PcP). (g) PAP use is years), and (d) the same sex. For some cases a much more common compared to systemic penta­ control fulfilling all four criteria could not be midine treatment of PcP. (h) If a PAP-related risk found; these cases were not excluded but a control of LQTS exists, it can probably be reduced by ade­ as similar as possible selected. In addition, we quate precautions, (i) Inhaled pentamidine is an matched cases and HIV-positive controls in terms alternative regime to systemic treatment in a sub­ of disease severity of the HIV-infection as far as group of patients with PcP [1]. was possible. We excluded patients having specific Counting cases of LQTS during PAP seems to reasons for an ECG such as known or suspected be an inacceptable, slow method to establish the cardiac disease, severe hypertension, hypokalemia, risk of this rare adverse effect. One estimate of and treatment with cardiovascular drugs. the risk of a drug inducing LQTS may be the inci­ dence of large QT prolongation. Thus, systemic Longitudinal study pentamidine therapy at an ususal dose induced a QTc prolongation longer than 480 ms in 1 of 10 In a prospective study of another 50 patients an cases [3], in 10 of 32 cases [17], and in 2 of 12 ECG was performed prior to the start of PAP and cases [19]. Comparison of QTc prior to and during at least once during chronic PAP for at least 4 treatment by paired but blind comparison may be weeks. For the total group, the last ECG before a more sensitive method. With this method, sys­ and the last ECG during PAP was compared. A temic pentamidine induced a small but statistically subgroup analysis was carried out in terms of to significant QT prolongation of 30 ms (SD 32 ms, the duration of chronic PAP (see Table 4). In addi­ Ρ<0.01) even in a small number of cases (n = \2) tion, in 16 of these cases the ECG was performed [19]. immediately prior to and 30 min after the first in­ halation of pentamidine plus salbutamol. For this group 13 volunteers also studied before and after Patients and methods the inhalation of salbutamol (without pentami­ At our institution PAP was introduced in 1988 us­ dine) served as controls. ing pentamidine isoethionate (Pentacarinat) 300 mg biweekly. This is half the usual interval Measurements or twice the usual dose. Salbutamol (Sultanol, 0.7 mg) was inhaled simultanously to prevent A 12-lead routine ECG with a paper speed of bronchospasm and cough. 50 mm/s and a rhythm strip of 2 min was used. The QT interval was measured twice and QTc (Ba- zett formula) was calculated. In the cross-sectional Study design study, all ECG measurements were performed The study consisted of two parts. In a cross-sec­ blinded for treatment group. In the longitudinal tional study the ECGs of 50 patients on chronic study the ECGs were measured pairwise per pa­ PAP (having no ECG prior to PAP) were com­ tient, but blinded for treatment. We used Student's pared with the ECGs of two control groups with­ /-test for paired and unpaired comparisons. out PAP, one group of HIV-positive, and one group of HIV-negative subjects. In a longitudinal Results prospective study the ECGs of 50 patients prior to and during PAP were compared. The study Cross-sectional study started in July 1989. The patients with PAP were nonselected except for the exclusion of one patient with bundle branch Cross-sectional study block. The group means for age and heart rate An ECG was performed in 50 HIV-positive pa­ were very similar in the three groups (see Table 1). tients on chronic PAP (at least 4 weeks, at least Despite the intention to select HIV-positive con­ three inhalations). For each of these 50 cases a trols with similar disease severity (as HIV-positive similar HIV-positive subject without previous or cases), there were only 23 HIV-positive controls current PAP (HIV-positive control) and a similar with AIDS as compared to 37 in the HIV-positive patient without any indication of HIV-infection case group (P = 0.004 by χ2 test; see Table 1). The (HIV-negative control) were selected, having (a) average QTc was minimally longer in the group sinus rhythm and no bundle branch block, (b) simi­ of HIV-positive cases (with PAP) as compared to lar heart rate (±10 beats/min), (c) similar age (± 3 the HIV-positive controls and the HIV-negative 321

Table 1. Patient characteristics Table 3. ECG results in the longitudinal study (n = 50)

PAP η Mean Mean No. of Before During Dif­ SD age heart AIDS PAP PAP ference3 (years) rate cases Heart rate 83.1 83.1 0.0 15.1 Cross-sectional study (beats/min) HIV-positive cases + 50 40.6 79.9 37 PQtime(ms) 161 163 + 2 11.0 HIV-positive controls 50 40.5 80.0 23 QRS time (ms) 85 86 + 1 6.5 414 HIV-negative controls 50 41.0 79.0 0 QTc time (ms) 414 0 22.0

Longitudinal study a Differences nonsignificant HIV-positive cases -/+ 50 40.2 83.1 37

Table 4. QTc results (ms) in the longitudinal study Table 2. QTc values (ms) in the cross-sectional study (,η = 50) Duration η QTc QTc Dif- SD before during ference Mean SD Range PAP PAP

HIV-positive cases (PAP +) 413 23 350^84 Acute studies HIV-positive controls (PAP -) 407 21 362-452 HIV-negative controls (PAP -) 407 22 357-^47 Control 13 402 402 0 13 PAP lx 16 412 415 + 3 11

Chronic studies controls (see Table 2). This difference was not stat­ PAP 1 month 17 422 414 -8 17 istically significant by unpaired or by paired com­ PAP 2-5 months 18 413 418 + 4 18 parison CP>0.05). In subgroups of patients with PAP 6-12 months 20 411 411 0 18 AIDS with or without PAP QTc values did not PAP 13-24 months 15 406 407 + 1 31 differ. Gross QT prolongation longer than 480 ms was seen in one case with PAP (484 ms) and in no control (see range in Table 2). QTc prolonga­ In four subgroups of ECGs according to dura­ tion longer than an upper normal limit of 440 ms tion of chronic PAP, there was no significant was seen in five cases with PAP (including the one change in QTc in any group and no tendency to­ with 484 ms), in three HIV-positive controls and ward QT prolongation with time (see Table 4). in two HIV-negative controls. After the first inhalation of pentamidine plus sal­ butamol QTc was not significantly prolonged (as compared to QTc prior to inhalation and as com­ Longitudinal study pared to the change of QTc in the control group; Of the 50 patients 37 had AIDS before PAP, very see Table 4). In 44 patients with 2-min rhythm similar to the 36 of 50 cases with PAP in the cross- strips there were a total of four single ventricular sectional study. Since the mean values of heart rate extrasystoles (in three patients) prior to PAP and and age were also similar (see Table 1), no patient the same number during PAP. participated in both studies, and QTc was mea­ sured by the same method and the same persons, Discussion the patients of the longitudinal study before PAP may be seen as the best control group for the cases PAP did not induce QTc prolongation in a large in the cross-sectional study. QTc was nearly identi­ number of patients (n = 100) with prolonged treat­ cal in cases with PAP in the cross-sectional study ment (up to 2 years) using twice the usual dose (mean 413 ms) and in cases before PAP in the lon­ (300 mg biweekly). This is in contrast to systemic gitudinal study (414 ms). Comparing the last ECG pentamidine therapy, in which a statistically signif­ before and the last ECG obtained during chronic icant QTc prolongation of 30 ms was found in a PAP, QTc remained unchanged for the total group rather small number of patients (rc = 12) using the of 50 patients. Heart rate, PQ and QRS duration same measurement of QT blind for treatment [19]. also did not change (see Table 3). The Τ waveform QTc was prolonged neither in the single-dose stu­ remained unchanged with PAP. A QTc longer than dies (around the time of the expected peak plasma 480 ms was not seen in this series; a QTc longer concentration of pentamidine [4, 6]) nor after than 440 ms was found in seven cases before and chronic PAP (6-24 months in 35 cases, since slow in six cases during chronic PAP. accumulation in myocardial tissue is not definitely 322 excluded despite low systemic absorption of in­ 6. Girard PM, Clair B, Certain A, Bidault R, Matheron S, haled pentamidine). Therefore, a false-negative re­ Regnier B, Farinotti R (1989) Comparison of plasma con­ sult, i.e., undetected QT prolongation by PAP, centrations of aerosolized pentamidine in nonventilated and ventilated patients with pneumocystosis. Am Rev Resp Dis seems very unlikely. 140:1607-1610 So far we have tested four drugs known to in­ 7. Glikson M, Pollack A, Galun E, Dresner-Feigiη R, Wolf duce LQTS, with a similar method. All four drugs D, Kaspa RT (1990) Pentamidine-induced cardiotoxicity. (systemic pentamidine, prenylamine, terodiline, Isr J Med Sei 26:588-589 and Sotalol) induced a small but statistically signifi­ 8. Hancock EW (1990) Possible torsade de pointes in a patient with AIDS. Hosp Pract [Off] 25:132-134 cant (P<0.01) prolongation of QTc (by 30, 29, 9. Herer B, Chinet T, Labrune S, Collignon MA, Chretien 18, and 39 ms) in rather small groups of 12-18 J, Huchon G (1989) Pancreatitis associated with pentami­ nonselected patients ([19] and unpublished results). dine by aerosol. BMJ 298:605 The method used proved to be sensitive for detect­ 10. Karboski JA, Godley PJ (1988) Inhaled pentamidine and ing a drug-related risk of a LQTS. Other indicators hypoglycemia. Ann Intern Med 108:490 11. Kronawitter U, Bogner JR, Goebel FD (1991) Pentamidine for an arrhythmogenic effect of PAP such as in­ prophylaxis in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Ann Intern creased number of premature ventricular contrac­ Med 115:497-498 tions, recurrent syncopes, and sudden unexpected 12. Loescher T, Loeschke K, Niebel J (1987) Severe ventricular death were not seen in this study or in other pa­ arrhythmia during pentamidine treatment of AIDS-asso­ ciated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Infection 15:455 tients on PAP at our institution. 13. Miller RF, Delany S, Semple SJG (1989) Acute renal failure Except for the case described above [8], we after nebulised pentamidine. Lancet 1:1271—1272 have found no cases of AIDS and LQTS during 14. Mitchell P, Dodek P, Lawson L, Kiess M, Russell J (1989) PAP in the literature. However, we have heard of Torsade de pointes during intravenous pentamidine ise- thionate therapy. Can Med Assoc J 140:173-174 two cases with AIDS and LQTS without pentami­ 15. Pujol M, Carratala J, Mauri J, Viladrich PF (1988) Ventric­ dine and without known cause. We have seen one ular tachycardia due to pentamidine isethionate. Am J Med case with AIDS, reversible QTc prolongation up 84:980 to 550 ms, and reversible cardiac enlargement. QTc 16. Stein KM, Fenton C, Lehany AM, Okin PM, Kligfield Ρ prolongation (520 ms) appeared shortly before car­ (1991) Incidence of QT interval prolongation during penta­ midine therapy of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am J diac enlargement, was not drug related, and was Cardiol 68:1091-1094 probably caused by AIDS-associated myocarditis. 17. Stein KM, Haronian H, Mensah GA, Acosta A, Jacobs In conclusion, the risk of PAP inducing LQTS J, Kligfield Ρ (1990) Ventricular tachycardia and torsade seems negligible. de pointes complicating pentamidine therapy of Pneumo­ cystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Cardiol 66:888-889 References 18. Taylor AJ, Hull PW, Coyne PE, Woosley RL, Elisasson AH (1991) Pentamidine-induced torsade de pointes: safe 1. Arasteh K, Heise W, L'age Μ (1990) Die Behandlung der completion of therapy with inhaled pentamidine. Clin Phar­ leichten bis mittelschweren Pneumocystis-carinii-Pneumon- macol Ther 49:498-700 ie mit Cotrimoxazol versus Pentamidin-Aerosol. Med Klin 19. Thalhammer Ε, Arasteh Κ, Hess F, L'Age Μ, Loeschke 85:260-263 Κ, Thalhammer C, Lohmoeller G (1992) Systemic pentami­ 2. Bibler MR, Chou T-C, Toltzis RJ, Wade PA (1988) Recur­ dine therapy induces QT-prolongation. In: Mann J (ed) In­ rent ventricular tachycardia due to pentamidine-induced ternational Conference On AIDS, Amsterdam cardiotoxicity. Chest 94:1303-1306 20. Wharton JM, Demopulos PA, Goldschlager Ν (1987) Tor­ 3. Bisher A, Gonzalez A, Bhandari A, Sager P, Leon C, Ra- sade de pointes during administration of pentamidine ise­ himtoola SH (1989) Electrocardiographic changes in pa­ thionate. Am J Med 83:571-576 tients receiving pentamidine for the treatment of Pneumo­ cystis. In: Morriset RA (ed) International Conference on Received: September 25, 1992 AIDS, Montreal Returned for revision: October 9, 1992 4. Conte JE, Golden JA (1988) Concentrations of aerosolized Accepted: October 19, 1992 pentamidine in bronchoalveolar lavage, systemic absorp­ tion, and excretion. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 32:1490-1493 C. Thalhammer 5. Conte JE, Upton RA, Phleps RT, Wofsy CB, Zurlinden Medizinische Poliklinik E, Lin ET (1986) Use of a specific and sensitive assay to Universität München determine pentamidine pharmacokinetics in patients with Pettenkoferstrasse 8 a AIDS. J Infect Dis 154:923-929 W-8000 München 2, FRG Subject Index of Volume 71

acanthosis nigricans 167,264 - carcinoembryonic 437 body accessory pathway 519 - early 270 - fluid distribution 690 acetylcholine receptor 445 - hepatitis Β surface 875 - fluid regulation 678 acne vulgaris 644 - hepatitis e 875 -massindex 913 acromegaly 372,547 -late 270 -temperature 718 acyclovir 398,421 - microsomal thyroid 221 -weight 145,687 acyl-coenzyme A 763 - mucin-like carcinoma-associated 437 bone density, trabecular 600 acylcarnitine 763 -recombinant 270 Bordetella pertussis 208 adaptation, vestibular 740 antinatriuresis 622 Borrelia burgdorferi 620 adenine nucleotide 861 antioxidant 3 Bovine colostrum 42 adenomatosis polyposis coli 488 apheresis, low-density lipoprotein 908 brain 197 adrenal gland 933 apolipoprotein 314 brain natriuretic peptide 672 adrenal insufficiency 924 -B 939 breast milk 13,161 adrenoleukodystrophy 802 - B-100 277 bromocriptine 372,547 adrenomyeloneuropathy 802 - Ε 277,362 bronchoalveolar lavage 177,787 adult respiratory distress syndrome 177, -surfactant 177 bypass surgery, extracranial 46 294 arginine vasopressin 153 adverse drug reaction 483 arrhythmia 519 C- cell, parafollicular 7 after-loading irradiation 294 arterial occlusion 323 C-ANCA 613 agranulocytosis 791 arterial occlusive disease, peripheral 383 C-type natriuretic peptide 672 AIDS 42,270,310,319,339,392 arteriopathy, chronic obliterative 191 CA 125 239 albumin 918, 972 artery cachexia 37 albumin excretion, urinary 604 - circumflexa 524 caffeine 197 all-trans-retinoic acid 774 - left anterior decending 524 calcitonin 7 allergy 165,208 - right coronary 524 calcium 31,153,505 allopurinol 161,240 ascites 239,579, 894 - bilirubinate 423 alpha-interferon 191 asymmetry 757 -carbonate 423 alpha 1-microglobulin 972 ataxias, hereditary 109 - intracellular, free 628 alveolar collapse, partial 177 atelectasis 177 caloric testing 740 alveolar surfactant 177 atherosclerosis 152,362,406,574 cancer alveoli, fibrin-loaded 177 atrial natriuretic peptide 153,604,672 -predisposition 488 alveolitis 452 atrophy, cutaneous 387 -progression 488 amino acid reabsorption 852 autoantibody 221,327,445 carcinogenesis 903 5-Aminosalicyclic acid 286 - anti-nuclear cytoplasmic 825 carcinoma ammonia 461 autoimmune epitopes 327 - bladder 32,787 AMP deaminase 461 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome -breast 32 anaerobes 595 type I 924 -esophagus 32,294 anemia, aplastic 102 autoimmunity 795 -gastric 903 aneurysm, intracranial 150 azothioprine 339 - hepatocellular 32 angina pectoris -hepatocellular 49 -stress-induced 150 B-scan sonography 531 -pancreatic 32 - undiagnosed 3 Bacille Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy -renal 32 angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal 787 -renal-cell 488 coronary 978 bacteremias 595 -thymus 32 angiotensin II 379,622,868 Bacteroides fragilis 595 -lung 31 angiotensin-converting enzyme 54 basal ganglia calcification 924 cardiocirculatory arrest 519 - inhibitor 257,622, 870 basophil 27 cardiomyopathy, idiopathic dilated 281 anion, organic 843 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 488 cardiovascular control 690 antibiotic 480 benzbromarone metabolism 947 carnitine 610 antibody beta-blocker 663 - palmitoyltransferase deficiency 763 -monoclonal 247 beta2-microglobulin 918 carotene 3 - anti-GEC 808 bias carotid stenoses, extracranial 46 - anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic 613 - otolithic 732 catecholamine 628 anticoagulant, oral 471 - somatic 732 catheter 780 anticonvulsant 574 biliary mucus 928 cation, organic 843 antigen biopsy, heart muscle 247 cefotaxime 165 -125 437 bisphosphonate 513 cell -15-3 437 blood culture 595 -migration 861 -19-9, carbohydrate 437 blood donor 221 - CD5+ Β 552 - gp330, nephritogenic 817 blood pressure 604, 628,690,704,871 - glomerular mesangial 153 1018

- mesangial 810 decision support system 139 enteropathy, proteinlosing 568 - natural killer 552 deficiency, muscular anzyme 770 epilepsy 574 - renal tubule 849 desensitization 165 epinephrine 628 - smooth muscle 379 deterioration, cardiovascular 690 equivalent dose 710 - tumor 437 diabetes mellitus 79,119,290,466, 604, ergometer exercise 461 - vascular smooth muscle 153 610,806, 830,963, 972 erucicacid 802 cephalosporin 165 diabetes, lipoatrophic 264 erythema nodosum 305 ceramide 649 diarrhea 42,286 erythromycin, topical 644 cerebrospinal fluid 54, 780, 795 diathesis, hemorrhagic 413 estrogen 406 chemokine 812 dicarboxylate 843 ethinylestradiol 483 chemotherapy 57 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 392 etomidate 933 chickenpox 421 diet evaluation study 139 chlamydia trachomatis 806 - very low calorie 963 expert system 139 cholecystectomy 423 - formula 947 extensive metabolizer 1002 cholecystitis 423 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 505 eye muscle 445 cholecystogram 426 disease cholecystography 423 - anti-glomerular basement membrane failure cholecystolithiasis 423 825 - hepatorenal 93 cholelithiasis 963 - atherosclerotic vascular 145 - pulmonary 98 cholestasis 659 - autoimmune 445,664 - renal 93 cholesterol 423 - autoimmune thyroid 221 -respiratory 177 - nucleation 928 - cardiovascular 3 fatty acid 21 chromosomal aberration 710 -cerebrovascular 963 - metabolite 763 chromosome 9 109 - coronary heart 963 -long-chain 610 chromosome, dicentric 710 - cytomegalic inclusion 270 Felty's syndrome 168 Cilazapril 622 -glomerular 840 fever 616 circadian rhythm 678,718 - lung 452 fiber 290 circle of Willisi 46 - neoplastic 437 - atrophic 351 cirrhosis 416,579 - peripheral arterial occlusive 134 fibrosis 98 cis-Platinum 294,855 - poycystic kidney 150 - interstitial 867 13-cis-retinoic acid 774 - systemic rheumatic 327 - pulmonary 452 cisapride 257 disorder first-pass metabolism 240 Citalopram 1002 - endocrine 933 fish oil 314, 628 claudication, intermittent 383 - nutritional 963 fluid shift 687 Clostridium perfringens 595 diuresis 678 5-Fluorouracil 294 CNS 197 docosahexaenoic acid 314 fluoxetine 1002 cobalamin 993 donor fluvoxamine 1002 coenzyme Q 587 - cadaveric 621 folate 993 computed tomography 339, 780 - living related 621 foot, diabetic 466 - peripheral quantitative 600 Doppler sonography, transcranial 46 formula, iodine-supplemented 133 computer-assisted diagnosis 139 Doppler ultrasound 466 foscarnet 398 concentration performance test 197 dosimetry, space 710 FRDA locus 109 control, sensomotoric 740 drug compliance 483 Friedreich's ataxia 109 coronary aneurysms 150 drug, serotoninergic 963 fructose 290 coronary artery disease 331, 362, 978 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy 247 fructose bisphosphatase deficienccy 115 - transplant 524 ductopenia 191 furosemide 579,622 coronary artery occlusion, acute 978 duplex sonography 531,654 cotransport system 852 dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial 362 G-CSF 168 counterrotation, ocular 749 dyslipoproteinemia 834 gait 208 creatine kinase 351 dystrophin 247 galactose elimination capacity 8888 crescent 825 gallbladder 423 Crohn's disease 564 eczema, atopic 649 gallstone 423,882 Crown and Crisp Experiential Index 367 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV 387 gangliosides 590 cryptosporidiosis 42 eicosanoid metabolism 634 garlic 383 cyclosporine 153,339,531,621,1010 eicosapentaenoic acid 314, 628 gastric emptying 542 cystic duct 423 electrical body impedance 690 Gaucher's disease 78 cytochrome P450 947,1002 electro-oculogram 718 gemfibrozil 74 cytokine 37,177,664 electroencephalogram 197,718 German Medullary Thyroid Carccinoma -chemotactic 812 electromyogram 718 Study Group 7 - monocyte-specific 815 electromyography, needle 351 gland, parathyroid 505 cytomegalovirus 191,270 electrophoresis, two dimensional 953 globulin cytosine arabinoside 774 embolism, pulmonary 471 - antihymocyte 102 cytostatic 855 embolization, endopulmonary 559 - antilymphocyte 102 emphysema 98 glomerular filtration 1010 D-penicillamine 257 encephalomyelitis, experimental allergic - rate 93 (D-)ribose 770 327 glomerulonephritis daunorubicin 774 encephalopathy, hepatic 875 - membranoproliferative 840 1019

- me:sangioproliferative 664 hypercholesterolemia 27,145,172,331, -low-dose 888 -postinfectious 827 908, 939 interferon-gamma 37,299 - rapidly progressive 825 hyperemia, reactive 466 interleukin 299 glomerulopathy, transplant 840 hyperlipidemia 963 - (IL-8) 812 glomerulopressin 93 - familial combined 314 - 2 receptor, soluble 299,537 glomerulosclerosis 834 hyperlipoproteinemia 939 -6 664 - focal segmental 840,841 - type III 362 interstitial fluid 690 gluctocerebrosidase 78 hyperparathyroidism intolerance, orthostatic 690 glucocorticoid 514 - asymptomatic 505 intraocular pressure 700 glucose 372 -primary 505 inversion illusion 732 -metabolism 913 hyperplasia, nodular regenerative 49 iodine concentration, urinary 13 - tolerance test 372,547 hyperproteinemia 834 ischemia, renal 858 glycerol trierucate 802 hypertension 119,145,604,963, 990 ischemic heart disease 3,770 glycerol trioleate 802 -arterial 153,834 isotretinoin 74 goiter 126 -essential 132,628,871 -multinodular 552 -portal 654 K+ channel 849 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 547 - pulmonary 98 kala-azar 616 Gottron's acrogeria 387 hyperthyreoidsm 959 Kaposi's sarcoma 398 graft rejection, chronic 191 -overt 126 keratoderma blenorrhagicum 305 grammatical reasoning 728 - subclinical 126 ketoconazole 933 granulocyte-macrophage colony- hypertriglyceridemia 74 ketogenesis, hepatic 264 stimulating factor 102,168,791 hypoglycemia lactic acidosis 115 kidney 93, 678 growth factor hypoparathyroidism 924 killer cell, natural 590 - basic fibroblast 379 hypophosphatemia 852 kynurenine 37 -epidermal 379,488,861,898,903 hypothyroidism 27,367, 999 -fibroblast 861 -overt 126 L-arginine 985 -insulin-like 861 -subclinical 126 lactate 461,843 - platelet-derived 379,861 hypoxanthine 461 laser angioplasty 978 -transforming 861,898 lecithimcholesterol acyl transferase growth hormone 372,547 Ibuprofen 413 activity 663 Guillain-Barre syndrome 795 ifosfamide 855 leishmaniasis, visceral 616 ileitis terminalis 564 leukemia, acute promyelocyte 774 halofantrine 69 ileus 568 leukocyte FBPase 115 heart failure 281 illnesses, nonthyroidal 21 leukocyte function associated antigen 1 heart rate 704 imidazole derivative 933 299 hemodialysis 537 immune complex disease 795 leukotriene 634 hemorrhage, subarachnoid 54,150 immune system 590 levothyroxine 367 Henoch, Schönlein purpura 564 immunhistochemistry 233 lipid 574,628 heparin immunity, antitumor 590 - bilayer 649 - intravenous 471 immunoglobulin A 270 - infusion 634 -subcutaneous 471 immunoglobulin Ε 208 - nonsurfactant 177 hepatic failure, acute 875 immunoglobulin Μ 270,875 lipidmediator 177 hepatitis Β 49 immunoglobulins G1-G3 270 lipodystrophy, generalized 264 - chronic active 875 immunohistochemistry 247 lipoprotein 314, 628, 990 hepatitis C 49, 888 immunosuppression 102 -(a) 145,993 hepatitis, autoimmune chronic active 875 inclusion body myositis 351 - high-density 277, 314,362,406,574, 908, hepatocyte culture 21 indocyanine green clearance 654 913,939,663 hepatorenal reflex 93 indomethacin 928 - intermediate-density 145 Heymann nephritis 817 infant respiratory distress syndrome 177 - low density 145,172, 990,277,314,331, high-pressure liquid chromatography 161 infarction, myocardial 57 362,406,574, 908,913, 939 histiocytosis, non-X 233 infection 480 -metabolism 939 HIV 42,65,310,319,392 - opportunistic 65 -oxidized 834 Hodgkin's disease 57 -pneumococcal 1 - very low density 277, 314,362,406, 913, homocysteine 993 infiltrate, inflammatory 351 939 human leukocyte antigen 221 inflammation, meningeal 780 liposome 649 Human chorionic gonadotropin 953 inflammatory bowel disease 286 lithium 1010 hyaline membrane 177 injury lithogenicity 427 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A - glomerular 809,815 lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock-wave reductase inhibitor 908 - renal parenchymal 815 882 3-hydroxy-3-methylgIutarylcoenzyme A insulin 290,372,379, 610 lithotripter 882 reductase inhibitor 939 -binding 264 livedo reticularis 305 6-hydroxy-benzbromarone 947 -receptor 264 liver 150 Γ-hydroxybezbromarone 947 -resistance 264 - cirrhosis 894 5-hydroxytryptamine 659 interaction, visual vestibular 749 - cyst 93 hypercalcemia 31,505 intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble -disease 239,416 hypercapnic ventilatory response 281 299 - function, quantitative 888 interferon 398 - graft recipient 191 1020

- test 416 Na+/H+ antiport 119 phospholipid, surfactant 177 -transplantation 875 natriuresis 622,678 plasmapheresis 257 - non-cirrhotic 49 necroses 466 Plasmodium falciparum 69 long-QT syndrome 319 neoplasia, hematological 37 platelet 628,809 lower body negative pressure 690 neopterin 37,65 platelet aggregation inhibitor 471 lung nephropathy 972 platelet-activating factor 634 - cancer 488 -diabetic 119,604,830 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 310, 319 -edema 177 - idiopathic membranous 808, 822 pneumocystoma 310 -function 67 -membranous 817 pneumocyte, type II 452 - infiltrate 787 - primary IgA 823 point mutation 172 lupus erythematosus 299,327,664, 827 nephrotoxicity 153,1010 polyarteritis nodosa, cutaneous 305 Lyme disease 620 nephrotoxin 858 polychondritis, relapsing 305 lymphangiectasia, intestinal 568 neurodysfunction, HIV-associated 396 polymerase chain reaction 172,888 lymphocyte, human 770 neurofibromatosis 488 polymorphism, genetic 277,362,1002 lymphoma, non-Hodgkin 32 neuropathy, peripheral 466 polymyositis, chronic 351 neurosarcoidosis 54 polypeptide 903 macroangiopathy 132 neutrophil 809,985 polyradiculitis 795 macrophage 810,834 - leukotriene generation 634 polysomnography 281 magnetic resonance imaging 339,780 - polymorphonuclear 791 polytrauma 791 major histocompatibility complex 822 nitric oxide 985 poor metabolizer 1002 malaria 69 nitroxide 93 porpranolol 654 malignancy 31 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 928 portal vein 654 Marfan syndrome 150 norepinephrine 628 pravastatin 939 melanocyte growth-stimulating activity pregnancy 547,953 861 obesity 542,963, 990 procollagen 416 membrane, mitochondrial 587 - android 913 progestogen 406,514 membrane-coating granule 649 oestrogen 514 prolactin 372 memory search task 728 oleic acid 24 Propionibacterium acnes 644 mesalazine 286 oligoclonal IgG 795 prostacyclin analogue 257 mesothelioma 31 olive oil 628 protease 177 methotrexate 855 olsalazine 286 protein, Tamm-Horsfall 972 methylprednisolone 339 oncogene 488,834 proteinuria 817,830 methylxanthine 197 ondansetron 659 pruritus 659 microcirculation, cutaneous 132 organ, equilibrium 749 psoriasis 634 microgravity 678,687,690,700, 704, 725, oscillography 466 - guttata, acute 634 732,749,740 osteopenia 600 PTCA 524 minimal change/focal sclerosis 808 otolith 757 PTH secretion 505 MIR '92 project 676, 710 oxidant 177 PTH-related protein 505 mitral valve prolapse 150 oximetry 466 pulmonary arteritis, primary 559 mixed connective tissue disease 257,327 oxygen radical 177 pyridoxal 5'-phosphate 993 mixed solid-liquid meal 542 oxypurinol 161,240 pyridoxine 993 monocarboxylate 843 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 815 palmitoyl-coenzyme A 763 QT-interval 319 monocyte colony-stimulating factor 1 815 palmitoylcarnitine 763 monocyte-macrophage 815 pancytopenia 616 radiation therapy 57 multidrug resistence 69 para-aminohippurate 843 Raynaud's phenomenon 257 multiple endocrine neoplasia 7,488,505 parathyroid hormone 505 receptor muscle volume, extracellular 704 - related protein 31 - epidermal growth factor 898, 903 muscle weakness 351 parenchyma-pyelon index 531 - neck position 749 mutation paroxetine 1002 recombinant tissue-type plasminogen - Asp200 to Gly 331 patient, immunocompetent 421 activator 323 - serine-156 to leucine 172 penicillin prophylaxis 1 reentry tachycardia 519 myalgia 999 pentamidine 310,319 reflex, vestibulo-ocular 740 myasthenia gravis 445 peptide 416 REM sleep 718 Mycobacterium bovis 787 peptide, renal natriuretic 678 renal autoimmune disease 817 myeloma, multiple 918 performance renal disease myoadenylate deaminase deficiency 461 - cognitive 725 - chronic 834, 867 myopathy 999 -psychomotor 725 - end-stage 339,537 - inflammatory 351 peripheral vascular disease 466 - acute 435, 861 -metabolic 763 pertussis 208 renal insufficiency 830 myxedema 27 pharmacodynamic 480 renal transplant failure 531 pharmacokinetic 240,480 renin 628 n-3 fatty acid 634 phlebothrombosis 471 respiration, periodic 281 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 972 PHLECO Study 471 retinoicacid 774 Nl-methyl-nicotinamide 843 phosphate 514,1010 retinoid 74 Na+ channel, amiloride sensitive 849 - deprivation 852 rhabdomyolysis 999 Na++K+-ATPase 286 phospholipase 177 rheumatoid arthritis 664 1021 rheumatology 139 synapse, neuromuscular 445 tubular function 972 rhGM-CSF 791 syndrome tubular necrosis, acute 531,861 ribose side effect 770 - diabetic foot 466 tubular toxicity, induced 855 rotating chair 757 - hemophagocytic 620 tubule transport, renal 849 rotation, eccentric 757 -nephrotic 834 tubule rt-PA 323 - premature aging 387 - proximal 852 -renal 858 salt balance 622 Τ lymphocyte 102 tumor salt restriction 990 T-cell rceptor gene 822 - cachexia 37 sarcoidosis 387 T-suppressor 590 - marker 437 sarcoma, soft tissue 339 tachycardia, atrial 519 - necrosis factor 37,177,299 scleroderma 257 tetanus antibody 537 - suppressor gene 488 - renal crisis 257 tetraethylammonium 843 -colorectal 903 sclerosis tetraiodothyronine 27 - trophoblastic 953 -glomerular 830 therapy -systemic 257 - hormonal replacement 406 ultrasound imaging, three-dimensional Seip's syndrome 264 - immunosuppressive 153, 351 226 self-tonometry 700 - low-dose thrombolytic 323 unstable tracking task 729 sepsis 791 thrombocytopenia 802 urodilatin 435, 678 septicemia 1 - immune 413 serotonin reuptake inhibitor, selective thrombophlebitis, superficial 559 vaccine, pneumococcal 1 1002 thrombosis vacuole, rimmed 351 serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist 659 - pulmonary arterial 559 vanishing bile duct syndrome 191 sertraline 1002 - thrombosis, venous 471 varicella 421 single strand conformational thymidine kinase 918 vascular disease, peripheral 362 polymorphism 331 thyroid vasculitis skin -hormone 13 -cerebral 613 - lesion, inflammatory 634 - autoimmunity 79,221 - leukocytoclastic 305 -prick test 208 - binding inhibitory immunoglobulin 552 - primary systemic 825 - surface pH 644 - carcinoma, medullary 7 vasodilation, peripheral 894 - tumor 233 - disorder, subclinical 126 vector, gravitoinertial 757 sleep regulation 718 - gland volume 13 vertical, subjective 757 small airway collapse 177 - neoplasms 898 verticality 732 smoking passive 67 - nodule, benign 898 vestibular system 757 sodium - peroxidase 221 virus, varicella-zoster 421 - retention, proximal tubular 894 - stimulating hormone 126,221,367, 552 vitamin C 3 - renal 622 thyroperoxidase 221 - supplementation 993 software, standard analysis 600 thyrotrophin 27,367 von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 488 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 thyrotropin-releasing hormone 126,547 806 thyroxine 21,126,221,552 waist-to-hip-ratio 913 sonography, three-dimensional 226 thyroxine-binding globuline 126 water space mission, Russion-German 675 tissue hydration 687 - immersion 894 space sickness 732 tissue thickness 687 - loss 649,687 spaceflight 676 torasemide 579 Wechsler Memory Scale 367 sperm cervical mucus penetration-test torque, transversal 208 Wegener granulomatosis 613 483 torsion, ocular 740 weight loss 37 spinal abscess, iatrogenic epidural 780 transformation, lymphoblastic 591 weight reduction 963 spironolactone 579,894 transforming growth factor-alpha 903 weightlessness 678,690,704,725,732,740 splenectomy 1,57,168 transplantation Western blot 270, 445 splenomegaly 616 -cardiac 524 Wilms' tumor 488 stanozolol 257 - heart 435 Wilon's disease 875 Staphylococcus aureus 780 -kidney 621,840 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 519 static exercise 704 -liver 191,435 steroid biosynthesis 933 - lung 98 xanthoma disseminatum 233 streptokinase 795 -renal 339 xanthomatosis, normocholesterolemic stress, cortisol-associated 678 tri-iodothyronine 221 233 stroke 3 trial, clinical 572 xenobiotic 843 substance Ρ 93 triglyceride 74,362,663, 913 xylitol 290 succinate 843 triiodothyronine 21,126,552 sulfate 843 tryptophan 37 zidovudine 392 superoxide anion 985 tuberculosis 787 zinc 537 supersaturation 423 tubular atrophy 867