Taiwan, Heart of Asia

March 2019 N° 141

Monthly energy magazine

Taiwan, heart of Asia

Special edition: study trip of Mastère Spécialisé © OSE students INF’OSE | March 2019

2 CONTACTS OVERVIEW

03 - Editorial [email protected] 04 - State of the art of energy in Taiwan TELEPHONE +33 4 97 15 70 73 07 - Visit of the Taiwan TechArena

ADRESS 13 - Visit of TaiPower Centre de Mathématiques 16 - National Central University Appliquées Mines Paristech 20 - Focus on regulation, long-term prospective and new Rue Claude Daunesse technology at ITRI CS 10 207 06904 Sophia Antipolis 24 - Conference at National Cheng Kung University

28 - NCKU An-Nan Campus

32 - Ciel&Terre : Visit of a floating solar power plant

34 - Visit of Wushantu Dam

36 - Tsing Hua University

38 - HoPing cement factory and coal power plant

44 - Contacts and acknowledgements

46 - Partners

Coordinator - Catherine Auguet-Chadaj Model maker - Lucas Desport Photos - MS OSE Students Any reproduction, representation, translation or adaptation of this text, in full or in part, through any means, support or media what- soever, is strictly prohibited without the per- mission of the authors, except in cases set out in Article L. 122-5 of the French intellectual Front page: Taipei 101 tower property code. INF’OSE | March 2019

EDITORIAL 3

s is customary, post-graduate master “OSE” students at the CMA had the A opportunity to go on a one-week study trip at the beginning of March. This year, Taiwan was chosen in order to study its energy system. The energy situation in Taiwan is particularly interesting for several reasons: the country is an island, its geopolitical relationship with its closest neighbor, China, is complex, and it has strong geographical constraints. During the eight days they spent there, the students visited many installations involved in energy and attended some very interesting presentations.

In this special issue of our Inf’OSE gazette, we give an overview of the visits we had the chance to make during this enriching week. You will also find in this issue a synthesis of the ideas we shared during conferences on the theme of low-carbon mobility held at two top universities in Taiwan: National Central University (NCU) and National Cheng Kung University (NCKU).

First of all, we would like to thank all of those who made this trip possible. Our thanks go to the universities and industrials who warmly welcomed us, took the time to present us their activities, showed us round their installations, and talked with us about technical and economic topics. Thanks to NCU and NCKU for the quality of the audience at the conferences. We would like to thank Taipower, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Ciel et Terre, Wusanta Reservoir, Taiwan Cement Corporation and Ho-Ping Power Company for the fascinating visits they prepared for us. We also wish to thank Taiwan Tech Arena for receiving us, as well as EDF, Ubiik and UnaBiz for their very interesting presentations. Many thanks to the Bureau Français de Taipei and UBIK, who ensured that this trip was both rich and varied.

Finally, we would like to thank Gilles Guerassimoff, who heads the post-graduate OSE master’s, and all the team at the Center for Applied Mathematics for organizing this exceptional study trip.

We now invite you to discover the richness of the Taiwanese energy system throughout the different steps of our exciting trip. Enjoy your read!

Dorine JUBERTIE INF’OSE | March 2019

4 ENERGY IN TAIWAN

STATE OF THE ART OF ENERGY IN TAIWAN

nown as the “Heart of Asia” thanks to its attraction as a tourist destination and strong K development of high technologies, Taiwan’s energy situation nevertheless remains del- icate. The island is subject to geographical constraints combined with the challenges of energetic transition and air pollution. For these reasons, the government has opted to make some ambitious political choices, such as a strong development of renewable energies and a radical withdrawal from nuclear energy.development of renewable energies and a radical stop of withdrawal from nuclear energy.

GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS AT THE CORE OF ITS ENERGY STRATEGY

Above all, Taiwan is a small few natural resources, result- (from Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, island (36,000 km²), with ing in energy import require- USA). Lastly, although some only 30% of constructible ments of more than 98%. thought has been given to land surface and the remain- These imports mainly com- the subject, interconnections der covered by mountains. prise coal (from Australia, with China remain impossi- Because of this specific topog- Russia, Indonesia) and gas in ble because of complex dip- raphy, the country possesses the form of liquid natural gas lomatic relationships.

CURRENT ENERGY LANDSCAPE

RE Coal Gas Oil Nuclear Hydro

6% 12% 12%

29%

35%

Current energy mix INF’OSE | March 2019

ENERGY IN TAIWAN 5

The Taiwanese tropical climate Demand has continued to rise industrial activity are greater is an important factor in its over the years, for example in the north than in the south. energy landscape. It is char- from 2017 to 2018, when the Electricity is mainly produced acterized by a hot, humid island’s total consumption from coal and gas (66% of the summer, with a rainy season went from 231 TWh to 233 TWh, energy mix), and the rest is beginning in April, and a an increase of +2 TWh. The produced from nuclear energy mild, drier winter. The conse- mean consumption per inhab- and renewable energy, whose quences are low gas consump- itant equals nearly 10 MWh, shares are slowly growing. tion, and a heat demand satis- with higher demand in the fied by heat pumps. The need north. Indeed, both the con- for electricity is thus high. centration of inhabitants and

TARGET FOR 2025

The Taiwanese government also expected to be reduced. the environmental challenges has set a simple and ambi- The expected mix in 2025 that need to be solved. On tious objective for 2025, in a is shown below. This goal the other hand, an increase in context of energy transition. brings new challenges that gas-fired electricity produc- They hope to put a radical the Taiwanese will have to tion requires the construc- stop to nuclear production tackle. On the one hand, the tion of costly harbor infra- (0% of the mix), and replace presence of coal in the mix structures to receive imports. it by gas-fired and renewable remains significant (30%), Moreover, renewable ener- energies. Coal-fired energy is which is inconsistent with gies are expected to increase from 5% to 20% of the mix! RE Coal Gas This target will be difficult to reach, but high feed-in tariffs (incentives for renew- 20% ables) and considerable offshore-wind potential (5.5 GW on the west coast, 5th world- 50% wide deposit) may help the country reach its objective. 30% Nevertheless, it will need to handle grid stability issues, as we know that the massive integration of renewable Target for 2025 energy sources increases the risk of blackouts. INF’OSE | March 2019

6 ENERGY IN TAIWAN

ZOOM ON PLACE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

uclear energy occupies an important place in energy production thanks to its N stability. Nuclear production is perfectly controllable, although time is needed to start or stop the reactors. This stability is vital for such an isolated country. In August 2017, Taiwan faced the greatest blackout in its history when one reactor came to a stop, which illustrates why this energy is important to satisfy increasing demand. However, the small size of the island does not allow a large zone for waste storage. Nuclear waste is stored in situ, which raises security questions. This is the main reason why the government asked for the complete stop of nuclear production before 2025. But the opposing points of view of the two main political camps may lead to a different option, leaving the question open.

CONCLUSION

To conclude, the island of Nevertheless, its 2025 objec- Taiwan faces energy chal- tives can be achieved pro- lenges due to geographi- vided it establishes sufficient cal and geopolitical reasons incentives for renewables combined with the constraint and acts to solve grid stabil- Antoine of the energy transition. ity issues. JOURDAIN DE MUIZON

Sources: Martin TZOU, EDF – Taïwan Market Director,

and Prof. Tsung-Kuang YEH, NTHU University, Hsinchu INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY1 7

Visit of the Taiwan TechArena

On Monday March 4th, the Master’s students were visited the Taiwan TechArena where they met two start-ups and the French Representative Office in Taipei.

WARM WELCOME AT THE FRENCH REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE IN TAIPEI

As part of their study trip to Pegatron, which are central Taiwan, the Energy Systems to Asian value chains but Optimization Master’s stu- little known by the general dents had the opportunity public because they mostly to meet up with Mr. Benoît produce white-label goods. Guidée, Director of the French Representative Office in Politically speaking, Taiwan Taipei, on Monday March 4th is one of the most dynamic 2019 at the Taiwan Tech Arena. democracies in Asia, despite the fact that it was under Mr. Guidée gave us a sub- martial law up until 1987. stantiated introduction The first presidential elec- to the island’s history. tion by universal suffrage took place in 1996, and the Taiwan is one of the most first change in political lead- Benoît Guidée, Director of developed economies in Asia. ership dates from 2000. the French Representative The island is in fact the 21st Office in Taipei © Y. LAHMA global economy, with GDP Today, the island is a fully on the one side the more of around 600 billion USD, fledged democracy with conservative Kuomintang, making it the 6th economy in regular political change- which dates from the former Asia ahead of Singapore and overs, a very strong civil dictatorial regime and is Thailand. Despite per capita society, and more freedom now a democratic party, GDP of 25,000 USD, Taiwanese of the press than the likes and on the other side the purchasing power is in fact of Japan and South Korea Democratic Progressive Party greater than the French according to RSF rank- (DPP), viewed as liberal. equivalent. This is a mark of a ings. For this reason, the very developed economy that NGO Reporters Without The main difference between features high-tech brands Borders even chose to open the two parties is their atti- like HTC, Asus and Acer. The its Asia office in Taipei. tude to relations with China: core of Taiwan’s economy, while Kuomintang affirms though, is electronic giants The two main political parties that Taiwan is an inte- such as Foxconn, Quanta and govern alternately, with gral part of China, the DPP, INF’OSE | March 2019

8 DAY 1

currently in power, maintains and economy. In 1945, when status quo is in place. China the opposite point of view. Japan lost World War II, Taiwan refuses dialogue with Taiwan was returned to China. A few and maintains political and Historically, until the 17th years later, at the end of the sometimes economic pres- century, Taiwan was inhab- Chinese civil war, the nation- sure. One of the consequences ited by indigenous peoples alist government was beaten of this pressure is that Taiwan fairly similar to those found by the Communists and took finds it difficult to sign free in the Pacific Ocean, like the refuge in Taiwan. Its leader trade agreements with other Melanesians in New Caledonia. Chiang Kai-shek saw himself partners and at times describes The island was not affected as China’s true leader in the itself as an “orphan of the by major Asian demographic face of the “Communist rebels”. international community”. movements. The key powers of Countries in the West initially the time initially saw Taiwan recognized him as China’s offi- France, like all European as a possible international cial representative (Taiwan sat states, does not maintain dip- trading post, and the first set- on the United Nations security lomatic relations with Taiwan, tlers were Dutch and Spanish, council until 1971). However, although this does not prevent although they quickly made France, headed by General it from developing concrete way for the Chinese. Chinese De Gaulle, recognized the relations in four main areas: domination lasted for two cen- People’s Republic of China in turies, with immigrants mainly 1964, leading to a break in • A community of democratic coming from Fujian Province. relations with Taipei, which values and human rights Nevertheless, the island only maintained 18 diplomatic Taiwan shows that Chinese continued to remain rela- allies including Honduras culture is totally compati- tively unaffected by China, and the Dominican Republic. ble with democratic values. which considered it as a The island is at the forefront fairly isolated settlement. Ultimately, it was the democ- on human rights issues and ratization of Taiwan that is the first territory in Asia to In 1895, the situation changed pushed some of its people to have adopted gay marriage dramatically when Japan won develop a notion of nation- (scheduled for May 2019). It the war against China and alism. The DPP’s arrival in also gives women an impor- took possession of Taiwan. power in 2000 embodied this tant place in society, illus- The Japanese remained for movement. Kuomintang did trated by the fact that it is cur- 50 years, during which time however return to power in rently run by a female presi- Taiwan became one of its col- 2008 with a policy to move dent, namely Tsai Ing-wen. onies and was cut off from closer to China, before once China. This colonization was more handing over the gov- • Innovation because Taiwan accompanied by a wave of ernment to DPP in 2016. is founded on a very powerful modernization that turned industry that has at the same Taiwan into a fairly advanced The result was strained rela- time had difficulties moving country in terms of industry tions with China. Currently, a on to a new phase. The island INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 1 9

missed the internet boat and contested) withdrawal from winners of the Taiwanese race continues to mostly focus nuclear power. This there- will be well placed in the rest on the hardware and semi- fore opens perspectives for of Asia. Unfortunately, French conductor industries. Taiwan cooperation with France. industrial companies are struggles to innovate, opening not currently present in off- up obvious possibilities for • Culture: France has a shore wind projects in Taiwan “win-win” innovation partner- strong image that can be (but our banks are closely ships with Europe, and espe- subject to cliché. The French involved in these programs). cially France. The latter appre- Representative Office in Taipei ciates Taiwan as a reliable eco- is therefore attempting to Eli RAKOTOMISA nomic partner because of its rejuvenate this image with a respect for intellectual prop- policy of cultural innovation. erty and the fact that it is a state of law with trustwor- In conclusion, Taiwan is impor- thy commercial practices. tant for France because it represents a “regional hub” and • Environment and climate: a “laboratory” for technologi- Taiwan faces several environ- cal, political, democratic and mental challenges, including energy-based innovation. As for its energy mix. The current an example, Taiwan is the off- government is implementing shore wind power leader in an ambitious energy policy Asia. The game played out with an accent on renew- here will be crucial, in par- able energy and a rapid (but ticular for standards, and the

The Mastere’s students at the Taiwan TechArena © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

10 DAY 1

VISITS TO EDF AND TWO YOUNG START-UPS

On Monday March 4th 2019, With its long-standing expe- These companies decided to the OSE master’s students rience and expertise, EDF is work on an innovative domain: were hosted by Pascal Viaud, well placed to advise Taiwan IoT (Internet of Things), which steering committee member on numerous subjects such as refers to connected devices of a business incubator called smart meter development, pol- that can communicate via French Tech in Taiwan. Located lution zone modelling, and the emitting or receiving data. in the center of the Tech Arena consequences of opening up These devices, sensors, traffic in Taipei, the main purpose of the electricity system to com- lights, GPS, cellular and elec- French Tech (which was set up petition. All of these are areas tronic devices communicate in June 2018) is to help French that EDF is keen to develop in between each other and with and Taiwanese start-uppers Taiwan. computers, creating a fast build projects in Taiwan and We would like to thank and inexpensive link between Asia. In this capacity, the incu- Martin Tzou for his presen- the physical and the virtual bator promotes economic col- tation and the time he spent worlds. The networks on laboration between France with the students, and sin- which the devices communi- and Taiwan. cerely hope that EDF’s work cate are cheap and consume During our visit, EDF’s Taiwan in Taiwan will benefit the little energy. These are the Market Director, Martin Tzou, Taiwanese population. main characteristics of the presented the company’s two companies we met, since activities in Taiwan. Mr Tzou, While visiting the they both work on long-range who joined EDF five years ago, Taiwan Tech Arena, the OSE applications (LPWAN), rather told us of EDF’s ambition to students had the opportunity than 4G or 5G. develop sustainable city proj- to discover several new tech- ects. At present, the Taiwanese nologies devised by Ubiik and electricity mix relies heavily Unabiz, two start-ups that pre- on carbon, and public opinion sented their work on IoT. supports reducing and closing thermal and nuclear power plants and promoting renewable energy development policies. As illustrated by the vertical disintegration of TaiPower (the country’s historical electrical system operator), energy efficiency seems to be a lever to decarbonize the electrical system. Presentation of ubiik © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 1 11

Thus, despite the product’s M e e t i n g w i t h u b i i k newness and market instabil- M e e t i n g w i t h U n a B i z ity, customers are reassured Ubiik is a company specializ- about the technology’s sus- Still on the subject of IoT, the ing in IoT, notably in energy tainability. In comparison to start-up UnaBiz specializes in monitoring. The start-up was competing products special- LPWAN technologies. A spin- founded in 2016 and is already izing in power line technol- off of the Sigfox company, a market leader in LPWAN tech- ogy, Ubiik’s long-range tech- Unabiz was set up in July 2016. nologies (Low Power Wide Area nology requires fewer infra- It is the first Sigfox operator to Network). Clément Dieudonné, structures and so less invest- work in Asia with two offices, a French citizen living in ment. With regard to technol- in Singapore and Taipei, giving Taiwan and strategy director ogy, the difference with other the company the opportunity of Ubiik, presented the com- solutions on the market is that to work in a safe space where pany’s activities and the tech- Ubiik’s technology is bidirec- the best technologies can nologies that he has devel- tional. Devices can be con- be developed. UnaBiz oper- oped with three others. The trolled, which is an interest- ates, manufactures and devel- company was founded based ing characteristic for security ops Sigfox sensors, with more on the observation that IoT and updates. than 500 solutions available is underexploited for indus- Ubiik also works with indus- throughout the world. Over trial applications. Rather than tries that are interested the last few months, Unabiz using a network, which is able in energy monitoring and has provided consulting ser- to handle a lot of data, Ubiik machine tracking allowed by vices to customers such as chose an innovative technol- efficient sensors. Ubiik has Safran, Engie and Airbus. The ogy that allows long-range developed an electronic paper Sigfox network covers more communication and long life used for industrial applica- than 95% of Taiwan and 99% of for the infrastructures. tions where its efficiency and Singapore. Offering low prices, The start-up took off thanks to swiftness makes it particularly UnaBiz emerged on the market a TaiPower tender for devel- interesting. Another applica- and has signed contracts with oping smart meters through- tion is photovoltaic energy several well-known customers. out Taiwan. The start-up Ubiik with connected sensors, which Last year, UnaBiz had a turn- has been selected for the monitors energy for remote over? of 10.4 million dollars first step of the biggest IoT maintenance. Ubiik’s tech- via KDDI, SORACOM and Engie. project in Taiwan, which con- nology can be used for smart Regarding its IoT technolo- sists of connecting around 3 lighting and charging stations gies, Philippe Tzou, Business million wireless smart meters for electric vehicles. Development Manager, told from 2030 onwards. One of the We thank Mr Dieudonné for us about several markets for main strengths of the technol- his presentation and wish him UnaBiz in Asia, such as parking ogy is that Ubiik chose not to luck and success in connecting space connection. To monitor patent it, but rather to make the remainder of the 70,000 smart parking, sensors identify it “open standard”, which smart meters. empty parking spaces, pay for means that it has free access. them directly, inform parking INF’OSE | March 2019

12 DAY 1

operators on which parking also working on a new smart are simple, cheap and efficient spaces are the most used and city project. UnaBiz provides a and do not need much main- then adjust the parking space free Sigfox network to Taipei. tenance. UnaBiz has found a price depending on the atten- Other projects include mon- new market niche. dance. In partnership with itoring photovoltaic power We would like to thank Airbus, UnaBiz is working on plants and public bike Philippe Tzou for the time the connectivity of an engine transport. he spent with the OSE mas- that locates parking spaces Lastly, these IoT solutions ter’s students and for his and determines their fre- may be divided into four cat- presentation. quency usage. To manage its egories: sensor measurement, cold chain logistics, Carrefour geo-tracking, event report- Ana DAVID & Lionel FABIANI uses UnaBiz sensors to follow ing and device management. transportation and the tem- Because they use the LPWAN perature setpoint. UnaBiz is network, these technologies

Presentation of UnaBiz © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 1 13

Visit of TaiPower n Monday afternoon, the of the Republic of China in O OSE students were warmly Taiwan approved a bill put In addition to this island char- welcomed by Mr. Hsu Tun Kuei, forward by the Minister of acteristic, Taiwan is highly deputy director of the Taiwan Economic Affairs. The project energy dependent. In fact, Power Company’s distribution involves dividing TPC into two 98% of the country’s energy department (TPC afterwards). distinct groups of activities needs are imported, 90% of Mr. Tun Kuei introduced us to over the next five to nine years: them in the form of oil. In the Taiwanese power system, a production company and a addition to environmental the challenges of the energy network company. In response concerns, this causes high transition, and the role of to a question from the stu- supply risks compounded by smart grids in this transi- dents about the legitimacy the political decision to phase tion. We invite you, curious of this measure, Mr Tun Kuei out nuclear power by 2025. reader, to discover the solu- stipulated that opening up to tions implemented or planned competition high up in the To maintain security of by TPC. electricity chain would allow supply, the Taiwanese govern- better integration of renew- ment is banking on increasing TPC, also known as TaiPower, able energies, because it is the local renewable supply. is a Taiwanese state-owned more compatible with the However, large-scale integra- company, operating through- public tender. tion of renewable energy is out the electricity sector value restrained by natural and geo- chain, from production to The Taiwanese electrical graphical constraints. Indeed, customer supply. A vertically system is insular by nature; of the 36,000 km² covered by integrated public monop- small and isolated, it has no the Taiwanese island, 60% oly, TPC was established on interconnection with neigh- is mountainous. Hence the May 1st, 1946 to ensure elec- boring China. Despite the eco- encouragement of PV on roofs tricity supply security for the nomic and technical interest and the emergence of floating Taiwanese island. It holds the of such an interconnection for solar projects and offshore exclusive rights to sell elec- Taiwan in general and for TPC wind, with a two-fold strat- tricity to individuals at a rate in particular, for the moment egy to support the energy regulated by the Ministry of this option remains unthink- transition. Economic Affairs. Therefore, able from a political stand- independent power produc- point. Furthermore, electricity As a result, the Taiwanese ers (IPPs) have to sign a power consumed on the Taiwanese electricity grid will be grad- purchase agreement (PPA) to territory must be produced ually transformed to allow sell their electricity to TPC, in situ, and the instantaneous a higher share of dispersed including IPPs using renew- supply / demand balance must and intermittent generation. able energy. imperatively be satisfied by TPC will support this transfor- In July 2015, the government the local production park. mation with both storage to INF’OSE | March 2019

14 DAY 1

smooth the intermittency of renewable energy, and smart grid solutions to coordinate the dispersed means of production. We review below the solutions presented by Mr. Tun Kuei:

• The Home Energy Management System (HEMS): this solution allows better control of consumption. I t consists of a smart meter, a data collection unit for house- TaiPower’s logo hold devices equipped with WIFI adapters and fitted with overproducing nodes to those us to grasp the constraints an HEMS. The consumption in need within the same mesh; of managing the electrical information of each device and thus optimal, local use of system of an island and gauge is centralized by the col- the electricity generated. The the effort made by TPC to lection unit and sent by the transactions made are tracked support the Taiwanese energy smart meter to a remote data using Blockchain technology. transition. On behalf of the server. Thus, consumers can energy system optimization visualize their consumption • The Advanced Distribution master students, we thank Mr. profile at any time on their Management System (ADMS): Hsu Tun Kuei for the quality smartphones via a mobile this distribution system of his introduction and for his application; better still, they manages the entire set of warm welcome. can remotely control the con- power plants supplying the nected devices to improve network. At present, this set Ayoub EL BOUHALI & their energy consumption. includes controllable pro- Mahmouh MOBIR duction means (e.g. thermal • The smart inverter for pho- power plants), storage facil- tovoltaic energy: this system ities (STEP, batteries), and allows the intelligent, opti- large wind and solar farms, mized use of solar panels in and soon virtual power plants a local mesh (a neighbor- formed by the aggregation hood for example). Unlike of small self-consumers. The an ordinary invertor, a smart ADMS is designed to be better inverter is connected to other suited to a new world, where inverters in the same local production is decentralized mesh. This allows easier dis- and highly intermittent. patch of solar energy from All in all, this visit allowed INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 1 15

Presentation of TaiPower’s models © A. EL BOUHALI INF’OSE | March 2019

16 DAY 2

National Central University

t was 9.30 am on Tuesday least 12,000 students divided I 5 th March when we arrived amongst 8 departments at the National Central and 25 specialties, and all University (NCU) in Taoyuan, working together on many near Taipei. Assistant objectives including tackling Professor Bor Kae Chang wel- environmental issues. comed us and gave us a uni- The Department of versity campus tour among Mechanical Engineering baseball players, cherry was founded in 1977 and is blossom, pine trees and the biggest in the NCU with squirrels. Prof. Bor Kae Chang 1,200 students of which 68 said that he was particularly are international students pleased to welcome us since and 185 are PhD students. French has been chosen as Its various courses focus on the official partnership lan- innovation in response to guage of the NCU. The univer- contemporary global issues. sity also works in a network The department specializes Warm welcome at NCU by Assistant with other universities in in a number of fields, such Prof. Bor Kae Chang © Y. LAHMA central Asia and especially as solid mechanics, materi- South Korea and Japan. als, thermics and fluids, auto- on how electric vehicles mation, mechatronics and influence every link of the After the campus tour, we energy. This reputed seat electrical chain. The thirty- went to the conference room, of learning spends more minute talk addressed many where the Professor and Vice than 18 million dollars a subjects from electricity pro- Chairman of the Department year on research funded by duction to the electrical grid, of Mechanical Engineering, the Ministry of Science and and including the opportu- Chih-Ang Chung, introduced Technology, industrials and nity that the expansion of us to the university and to others. electric vehicles represents his department. We learned After this presenta- for storage. that NCU was founded in tion, it was time for our 1915 in Nanjing on main- Professor Gilles Guerassimoff The introduction included land China, and that after to introduce our school a reminder that the trans- Chiang Kai-shek’s defeat and our specialized Master port sector depends mainly against Mao Zedong, the program. on fossil fuels (95% of final university went into exile in Then the students of the OSE energy consumption in Taiwan in 1962. Nowadays advanced Masters went on France). Hence, it is the the university teaches at stage to present their work second biggest greenhouse INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 2 17

gas emitter in the world. change with the development electric vehicles is subject to Electrifying transport is a of electric cars. While its mar- constraints. Due to the specific solution for France as elec- ginal impacts on annual mean features of the French electricity production has reduced electricity consumption are trical system, some impacts

CO2 emissions. The market relatively easy to quantify, may concern the Transmission share of electric vehicles peak demand will be more dif- System Operator (TSO) and (EVs) in France in 2017 was ficult to apprehend. Therefore, others the Distribution presented before comparing effective measures must be System Operator (DSO). Also, this to the countries register- taken to insure daily electricity the charging modes of elec- ing the highest sales of EVs for demand. Potential solutions tric vehicles can ensure part the same year. We observed like demand management of the electrical system’s effi- that the market share of EVs and the creation of a capac- ciency. So, while electric vehi- in Europe is still very marginal ity market were mentioned cles are a challenge for grid due to the many associated during the presentation. management, they can also constraints. Once the electricity has provide some solutions to The primary constraint is elec- been produced, it needs to help the grid. tricity production. The global be delivered to the vehicles. But how can we use electric- car fleet will face a drastic But energy transmission to ity in vehicles? This part of

OSE advanced Masters students’ presentation at NCU © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

18 DAY 2

the presentation dealt with The final part of the talk students. During this ques- the interest of using elec- tackled the battery issue. tions and answers session, tricity in a vehicle and how Embedded storage systems issues like battery recycling to implement it technically. have been the focus of con- and policy incentives in The first option is to create siderable expectations since France for the development a hybrid internal combus- they are to date one of the of EVs were mentioned. tion engine and the second last limiting factors to allow To conclude this visit to is a full electric vehicle, each massive adoption of electric the NCU, distinguished of which has strengths and vehicles. The operation of Professor Chung-Jen Tseng weaknesses. These differ- lead acid, nickel-based and from the Department of ent solutions are suitable for lithium-ion batteries was pre- Mechanical Engineering various uses and means of sented. They were then com- gave us a presentation on transport. Parallel hybrids are pared through key macro- “System Development and suited to diversified vehicle scopic criteria (energy, power, Operation Evaluation for uses, whereas serial hybrids efficiency, cost, etc.) and Smart Green Buildings”. perform better for urban uses. related to the needs of indi- To illustrate this subject, Finally, fully electric vehi- vidual vehicles. Professor Chung-Jen Tseng cles have a simpler architec- The students’ presentation presented us with the pro- ture and fewer emissions than raised a lot of questions from totype that they have on hybrid vehicles, but are less the very attentive audience the university campus. This autonomous. composed of professors and 60-square-meter building is

NCU presentation by Professor Chih-Ang Chung © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 2 19

constructed with high per- is possible to attain energy and distinguished formance materials such as savings of up to 35% on elec- Professor Chung-Jen Tseng aerogel and phase change tricity consumption in the res- from the Department of materials paints. It is equipped idential sector in summer. Mechanical Engineering for with 8 kW of PV for energy their very interesting pre- production, 21.6 kWh of Li-ion Finally, we had the chance sentations. Finally, our warm batteries for energy storage, to visit the building with the thanks to all of the professors and 5 kW of proton exchange professors and students who and students who attended membrane fuel cell for backup warmly welcomed us to their our presentation for their power. It also has an Energy university. attention and very relevant Management System to ensure questions. such things as indoor comfort We sincerely thank and air quality and to opti- Professor Bor Kae Chang from Lyes AIT MEKOURTA mize the building’s energy the Department of Chemical & Lucas DESPORT consumption. and Materials Engineering for Moreover, the implementa- his warm welcome. We would tion of smart lighting means also like to thank the Professor that the building has very and Vice Chairman of the high energy performances. Department of Mechanical With such technologies, it Engineering, Chih-Ang Chung,

Distinguished Professor Chung-Jen Tseng’s presentation on Smart Green Buildings © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

20 DAY 2

Focus on regulation, long-term prospective and new technology at ITRI

e visited the ITRI head- UMC. Currently, research is consumption share of indus- W quarters in Hsinchu on focused on sustainable envi- tries by 50% between 2005 the afternoon of Tuesday, ronment, smart living and and 2025. Taiwan includes March 5th, 2019, where we quality health. 3,200 factories with an annual were warmly welcomed by power contract of more than Mr. Jean-Baptiste Fichet, R e g u l at i o n a n d p r o s e p c t i v e 8,000 kW. They are subject to Account Manager at ITRI. m o d e l i n g audits every 4 years and have to produce annual energy The Industrial Technology The first presentation was conservation plans. In addi- Research Institute (ITRI) is a made by Dr. Tae-Chin Pan, the tion, they must declare any Taiwanese technology R&D project’s senior researcher and new installation or expansion institution manager of decision support of facilities, which must be founded in 1973. It has more for industrial energy conser- approved by the central com- than 6,000 employees around vation, audits and consulta- petent authority. the world at various offices tions. 98% of Taiwan’s energy in the Silicon Valley (USA), consumption is imported and The Bureau of Energy has man- Japan, Berlin, Moscow, and 90% comes from fossil energy. dated a target of 1% electricity Eindhoven, and its head The industrial sector is the savings per year for all large office in Hsinchu, Taiwan. primary consumer of energy energy users with contract ITRI currently owns more than with 37% of the share of total capacities higher than 800 kW. 20,000 patents and has incu- consumption, followed by If this goal is not achieved, the bated more than 250 startups, transport at 12% and the res- users will have to pay a fine. In including the Taiwanese semi- idential sector at 11%. addition, the Taiwanese gov- conductor giants TMSC and Taiwan’s goal is to reduce the ernment has implemented

World mean SEC Values © ITRI INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 2 21

Role of ITRI for decision markers in energy © ITRI a maximum specific energy ITRI-CGE model to carry out their results to the Bureau of consumption (SEC) threshold policy simulation analy- Energy, which will then make for different manufacturing sis of energy and economy. decisions to submit them to systems that corresponds to He is working on the Taiwan the national government of the total energy consumption TIMES model. The 3E “Energy, Taiwan as we can see in the per unit of product. In 2012, Environment and Economy” figure below. the average SECs for the kiln models as well as “2050 cal- process and cement plants in culator” are used to obtain Notable answers to the ques- Taiwan was the lowest in the more information in real time tions posed by OSE students world. to identify problems related include environmental policy In the future, this mechanism to energy. They are also deci- targets. In fact, in 2025, the should only include energy sion support tools for the government plans the final consumption derived from Taiwanese government. ITRI shutdown of nuclear power fossil fuel in order to encour- researchers are also integrat- plants and this decision is age the use of non-fossil fuels. ing health impact assessment influenced by the fact that The SEC data could be used databases into Taiwan TIMES storing nuclear waste is diffi- to develop an SEC benchmark model optimization process. cult in Taiwan, given the risky scheme through which facto- They are studying the impacts geological situation related to ries or industries with the best of power development plan on earthquakes. As the presiden- SECs receive special awards, air-pollution, national health, tial elections approach, the which would further enable environment and economy. policy adopted will depend factories to learn from each ITRI has an important role in mainly on the next presi- other. the decision-making of energy dent. For now, the people are policies in Taiwan since it rep- encouraged to become more Dr. Yi-Huang Wu, a researcher resents the major energy think involved in energy issues. at ITRI, is developing the tank. Researchers present INF’OSE | March 2019

22 DAY 2

T e c h n o lo g y s h o w r o o m of this process is that it does management system. On top without the use of toxic of that, it can be recharged The technology showroom mercury. quickly and does not require is an exhibition showcasing Next in the exhibition comes human intervention thanks the best technology devel- an innovative and complex to an intelligent charging oped at the laboratory. Some liquid crystal recycling bar, which can be placed in of the researchers have won process, which is the result contact with the structure. the most prestigious compe- of ten years of laboratory Interesting applications could titions including the well- research. be risky monitoring missions known R & D 100 Awards. and remote areas. Mrs. Jessica Ma took us on a Now concerning batteries tour of the most state-of-the- and energy, a polymer mate- We would like to warmly art innovations concerning rial which was created at the thank all of the team who energy and the environment: institute can triple the life welcomed us to the ITRI Entering the showroom, we of lithium-ion batteries. It is Institute and shared their discovered a curious and lumi- called Stoba and follows the exciting work with us: nous tree, called the “eco tree”. growth of the SEI layer (Solid Jean-Baptist Fichet, Jessica Ma, It is actually a demonstrator Electrolyte Interphase), which Dr. Tze-Chin Pan, Dr. Yi-Hua Wu of different in-house tech- means better control and and their colleagues. nologies. Between the tree slower ageing. branches, the glass canopy In parallel, an Ultra-Fast Laura SOBRA & contains transparent micro- Charging Aluminum-Ion Rihab BEN MOKHTAR optical films that are able to battery has been developed redirect the sunlight onto a in collaboration with the solar cell, placed at its side. University of Sandford. This At the base of the tree, the eco type of battery has a record pool is able to recycle water. charging time of less than one minute and improved safety, Around the tree, the innova- thanks to its innovative alu- tion exhibition begins. First, minum- graphite structure. a textile dyeing process uses Its low cost and fast charg-

supercritical CO2 and totally ing capacity makes it suited respects the environment. Not to applications like sustain- only does it consume no water, able mobility and renewable it also releases no chemicals. energy storage. Then, a water purification Finally, a fascinating process using an LED chip 5G-connected drone can be developed in-house, which controlled from Las Vegas replaces conventional UV but located in Taiwan, thanks technology. The advantage to its ingenious software INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 2 23

Master Ose students accompagnied by Gilles Guerassimoff, Meiling Tsai (Ubik Consulting) and Jean-Baptiste Fichet (ITRI) à l’ITRI © Y. LAHMA

ITRI’s buildings © ITRI INF’OSE | March 2019

24 DAY 3

Conferences at National Cheng- Kung University

espite the dim sunshine D the heat was intense on Wednesday 9 March when the 21 OSE master’s students attended National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) in Tainan, south of the island, for a day of discussions with various representatives from this prestigious university. Founded in 1931 and with 21,805 students in 2015, the university comprises nine faculties split over four campuses. The OSE group was hosted on the main campus, at the science and Master OSE students arriving at the Material Engineering Sciences materials department of the Department © M. TOULOT engineering faculty. Following a warm welcome by Weili Teng his introduction with the fol- presented the previous day at and Chia-Yuan Chen, respec- lowing summary of the situa- NTU. The second focused on tively coordinator and direction: “You can’t know Taiwan existing incentives and poli- tor of international rela- without coming to Taiwan”. cies for decarbonized mobil- tions, the morning of con- The OSE master’s students ity. Following a review of the ferences kicked off with a then took the floor to begin current greenhouse gas emis- word of introduction from the conferences. sions situation relating to the professors Yen-Jong Chen transport and mobility sector, and Jow-Lay Huang, respec- Following a presentation of and the targets for decarbon- tively director of the Research the master’s program and izing the sector, the presenta- Center for Energy Technology school by Gilles Guerassimoff, tion moved on to look at the and Strategy and director of two groups of students suc- policies in place to meet these the Hierarchical Green-Energy cessively gave two talks on objectives. It began with a Materials Research Center (Hi- this year’s them: “Potential presentation of the European GEM). Professor Chen spoke of future energy sources for targets and then concen- the island’s specific features sustainable mobility”. T h e trated on the French policy. and the constraints on its first presentation took up the The students also described energy system, and concluded theme of electric vehicles the various incentives for new INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 3 25

mobility practices and the Questions then turned to the its cost, as well as the cost of use of new alternative fuels prospective model presented the current development of like electricity, hydrogen and in the second talk, including embedded hydrogen storage. biofuel. In the last part, the whether it integrates behav- The observation was made students showed the impor- ior influence constraints and that investment decisions on tance and methodology of a social factor. A thesis is developing alternative fuels a prospective approach to in fact currently under way are almost automatically cor- support decision-making to at the Center for Applied related to a country’s energy meet mobility decarboniza- Mathematics to introduce policy: in fact, decarbonized tion targets. these aspects into prospec- electricity and a highly devel- tive models. A third major oped network favor the devel- The two presentations were exchange centered on hydro- opment of electric vehicles positively received by the gen as a source of energy. in France, whereas in Taiwan, audience, mainly compris- This had been expected by this type of vehicle is not a ing lecturers, students and a the students because hydro- priority because the country’s few members from the French gen is the subject of exten- electricity production mix is Office in Taipei. They were sive research on the island. highly carbonated. Lastly, the followed by a twenty-minute Questions focused on the remarks led to an exchange question and answer session development perspectives on the French electricity pro- involving interesting debates of this source in France. The duction mix and the issue of on several topics. The vehi- discussion was an occasion nuclear energy, a controver- cle-to-grid system described to describe the problems of sial energy source in both in the first presentation was insufficient infrastructure and countries. the subject of numerous questions, including the possibil- ity of using stored energy in a vehicle’s battery for per- sonal domestic consumption, and on different current projects and experiments on the system. The discussion also focused on the importance of taking social factors into account when drawing up policies to encourage change. This discussion highlighted the major difficulty of con- sidering individuals’ behavior when establishing policies to change behavior patterns. Presentation of the incentive policies © M. TOULOT INF’OSE | March 2019

26 DAY 3

After highly instructive dis- six major technologies, i.e. line and its own photovoltaic cussions for both parties and fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, panel production line. In the a well-deserved tea break, super capacitors, a second life long term, the center would the OSE master’s students for batteries, solid-state bat- like to continue to expand and attended a presentation of teries, and integrated energy forge new international part- Hi-GEM by its director and pro- systems. Hi-GEM is in a fast nerships with an estimated fessor, Jow Lay Huang. Hi-GEM development stage and has budget of € 1.7 M from 2018 is a research center that works concluded numerous interna- to 2023. on new materials for greener tional partnerships involving energy. The center’s objec- 36 projects over the last five To conclude the highly infor- tive is to develop new mate- years. In Taiwan, the research mative morning, the students rials technologies that respect center works with NCKU, seven visited different laboratories the environment and are suit- other universities and another at the engineering materi- able for storage and energy research center. Hi-GEM is als and science department, conversion, along with smart keen to promote innovation accompanied by Professor energy systems. Hi-GEM com- and greater, faster integra- Changshu Kuo. They were able prises 29 lecturers and three tion of these new materials to observe the various highly PhD students. The center’s into industry. It also has its advanced tools available to main research subjects cover own Lithium battery assembly NCKU university students for

The students and their audience © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 3 27

Professor Huang presenting Hi-GEM organisation their research. This included Yen-Jong Chen, Maxence TOULOT the demonstration of two Chia-Yuan Chen and microscopes to analyze the Jow-Lay Huang for their warm impact of a magnetic field and welcome, and all of the NCKU temperature on the kinetics members who honored us of chemical reactions and the with their presence, as well composite elements of differ- as members of the French ent materials. Office in Taipei, in partic- The event was an occa- ular Jonathan Drubay and sion for interesting, enthu- Sasha Ting for organizing the siastic exchanges between conference. the OSE master’s students Lastly, we would like to thank and various NCKU members. all of those who attended We would therefore like to the event, without whom this warmly thank professors exchange would not have Hong-Tzer Yang, been possible. INF’OSE | March 2019

28 DAY 3

NCKU An-Nan Campus

M a g i c S c h o o l o f g r e e n t e c h n o lo g y

Our visit to the NCKU An-Nan Campus started with the renowned Magic School of Green Technology. We were welcomed by Eric Chen, a Project Executive at the Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy. Energy usage intensity of “green”office buildings (2011) Development Fund, a dona- water and energy consump- This school is a positive energy tion of NT$20 million in equip- tion and reduces its carbon building ranked as the best ment from 34 entrepreneurs footprint by 37%. In order to Taiwanese building for the and a donation of NT$100 attain such efficiency, many environment. The goal of this million from Bruce Cheng, techniques were used, such as project is to act as an innova- founder of Delta Electronics energy-saving equipment, a tive laboratory for future sus- and the Magic School of Green roof garden, reduced air-con- tainable green architecture. Technology. ditioning, open design, etc.

This innovative magic school T his unusual project is a T hese techniques help was built in 2011 at a total cost home-grown solution specific the building reach a low of NT$ 180 million (€5 million), to the sub-tropical weather energy usage intensity of including NT$ 60 million in Taiwan. The building’s 43 kWh/m² per year. This from the University Research green architecture halves its energy usage intensity is way below any other “green” building in Taiwan. The column chart below illustrates a comparison between the magic school project’s energy usage intensity and average values of other “green” office buildings around the world.

The Magic School of Green Technology © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 3 29

they serve many purposes. The first is filtering the water from different particles that are harmful to tiger shrimps by decomposing NOx mole- cules. The second purpose is to serve as a food supply for the shrimps after being com- pressed. Another purpose is to absorb the carbon dioxide that is pumped to the open pond via an external pump. Every basin consumes 4kg

One specific feature of these CO2 /week. Another use for D é p a r t m e n t o f c h e m i c a l organisms is that they multiply these algae is to produce sub- e n g i n e e r i n g quickly. Microalgae are first stances that can protect the cultivated in a one-ton open retina from ultra-violet rays. We then visited the labora- pond of water for one week. It tory for the platform technol- is also possible to shorten this Finally, at the end of the lifecy- ogy specialized in microalgae period by pumping acetate cle of these microalgae, they bioenergy production, which into the water instead of CO2. can be fed to cattle or used as is part of the department fertilizers in agriculture. of chemical engineering at Every week, the pond produces NCKU. We were welcomed by 2 kg of microalgae. The mature Mr. Ri-Heng Chen, a PhD microalgae are then trans- student at NCKU, who ferred to another basin where explained that the main mission of the laboratory is to experiment on ways of absorbing carbon dioxide using microalgae.

Different types of micro-algae can be used to simulate natural carbon dioxide reserves, such as oceans and trees and thus help reduce the amount of

CO2 in the atmosphere.

Les étudiants devant les cuves où sont cultuvées les algues © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

30 DAY 3

O c e a n E n e r g y R e s e a r c h simulate waves and currents withstand extreme conditions. C e n t e r similar to real environments. Finally, the slow rotary speeds According to of turbines make it necessary After our visit to the depart- Dr. Weng-Shang Chiang, a to install more equipment in ment of chemical engineer- turbine with vertical blades is order to reach the standard ing, we were welcomed by the most promising method to alternative frequency of 60Hz the deputy director of the harness ocean energy. These in Taiwan. Tainan Hydraulic Laboratory, turbines capture the power Dr. Weng-Shang Chiang. Since of tidal waves whatever the We would like to thank all of Taiwan imports 98% of its direction of the current. In the members of the An-Nan energy needs, this department addition, studies showed that NCKU campus for their kind experiments on the energy the horizontal component of welcome. We also give our potential of tidal waves. the energy is much higher special thanks to Dr. Eric Chen, Taiwan has great ocean than the vertical component Phd student Ri-Heng Chen, energy potential. T h e of the energy. and Dr. Weng-Shang Chiang Kuroshio Current is the stron- However, this technology faces for their very instructive pre- gest current in East Asia with many challenges. First, corro- sentations that expanded our a width of 200km and a depth sion and biofouling effects are knowledge of new sustainable ranging from 500 to 1000m a crucial issue for materials and innovative technologies (see NASA map below). immersed in the ocean since of the future. Tidal wave energy is renewable they greatly decrease the and predictable as it depends yield of the turbines. Second, on the gravitational forces of electricity storage and dis- Yacine LAHMA the sun and moon. The labo- tribution problems can make ratory studies different means projects economically non- to exploit this energy and viable because of the high develops different ways to costs of systems that need to INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 3 31

The students and Dr. Weng-Shang Chiang © Y. LAHMA

Ocean Energy Research Center of NCKU © Y. LAHMA INF’OSE | March 2019

32 DAY 3

Ciel et Terre: visit of a floating solar power plant

On Wednesday 6th March, due to strong geographical Its production is about Audrey Leblic and Jasmine Lin, constraints and very dense 1,400 kWh/kWpeak com- from the company Ciel et Terre, populations. A floating solar pared to 1,000 kWh/kWpeak introduced us to a floating power plant can take advan- on average in France. This solar power plant, located in tage of unusable stretches of impressive result is explained the Tainan Science Park in the water, such as industrial lakes by the significant sunshine south of the island. and dam storage, to produce irradiation in the south of the Ciel et Terre is a French electricity without modifying island. The plant was deliv- company, whose headquar- land use. In arid areas, install- ered in December 2018 at a ters are located in Lille. I t ing floating PVs on water res- cost of 21 million Taiwanese was created in 2006 and today ervoirs can limit evaporation. dollars. The project was mostly has about 100 employees all Maintenance is easier than for financed by Japanese inves- over the world. Originally, a classic solar power plant, as tors and Ciel et Terre. Ciel et Terre specialized in it is easy to clean the solar installing solar panels on panels using the water avail- In Taiwan there is a specific roofs in France. In the early able close by. feed-in tariff for electricity 2010s, after a drastic drop from solar floating, fixed annu- in the feed-in tariff for elec- Ciel et Terre’s know-how ally by Taipower and amount- tricity from PVs in France, the involves designing and installing to 4.9 NT$/kWh. Moreover, company decided to enter the ing floating solar power plants. a 6% bonus is granted if the floating solar market. The solar panels lay on floats, panels are highly efficient and which are anchored either produced in Taiwan, which The first floating solar to a bank or at the bottom is the case at the plant we power plant developed by of a lake. Originally, the firm visited. Ciel et Terre was born in Japan sold power plants to custom- in 2012. Today, 300 MW are ers. Now Ciel et Terre increas- There are three possibilities installed all over the world. ingly operates its own power to win a contract to install a The main advantage of float- plants. Its subsidiary company floating solar plant in Taiwan. ing solar panels is that they in Taiwan was created at the The company can either: can produce electricity via end of 2016 and has already call for tender, be requested a renewable source without installed 20 MW. directly by customers (tender any land use. This is particu- The plant we visited is able is not compulsory), or contact larly relevant on island terri- to withstand winds of up the owners of lakes, which is tories such as Taiwan or Japan, to 210 km/h and has an what Ciel et Terre had done for where land costs are very high, installed capacity of 4 MW. the plant we visited. INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 3 33

Floating solar power plant in Tainan Science Park © J. THOMAS

This plant is operated directly To conclude, the solar floating is already being investigated by Ciel et Terre, which aims sector is booming and is suit- by industrials. to achieve a return on invest- able for densely populated, We would like to thank ment within 10 years, bearing urbanized territories such Audrey Leblic and Jasmine Lin in mind that the contract with as Taiwan, which wants to for this instructive visit and Taipower lasts 20 years. increase the share of renew- for taking the time to answer There is no regulation for able energy in its energy mix. all of our questions about solar floating in Taiwan. The Ciel et Terre is a successful solar floating. Taiwanese government only company that has been able recommends not to exceed a to expand abroad. It has an Tristan DELIZY & 50% coverage of the lake. At ambition to position itself Dorine JUBERTIE this time, we do not know how in the market for solar float- this type of plant impacts the ing on the sea. Indeed, this local ecosystem, but studies market which is not mature, are ongoing. represents an interesting development perspective and INF’OSE | March 2019

34 DAY 4

Visit of Wushantou Dam

After an early departure from the hotel in Tainan and a one-hour drive, we arrived near Guantian in Wushantou, which has given its name to a dam and reservoir. We were welcomed by Mr. Zhen, the reservoir manager and control room engineer, who explained to us how the power plant works and told us the history of the reservoir.

Aerial view of the Wushantou reservoir © stock-clip.com eservoir construction When it was inaugurated, end of 2000. The total cost of R started in 1930 and it had a total capacity of the project at the time was lasted 10 years, during which 150 million m3. However, sand NT$ 360 million and the first time 134 workers died, now and rocks have since stacked electrons were injected into marked by a memorial. It was at the bottom of the reser- the Taiwanese grid in August designed during the Japanese voir reducing its capacity to 2002. The plant is owned 70% occupation by the engineer 80 million m3. by the Chianan Irrigation Yoichi Hatta. The original aim Moreover, significant quan- Association and 30% by the of the reservoir was to reg- tities of garbage and waste Formosa Chemicals Fiber ulate the irrigation of farm- water are discharged into the Corporation. lands in nearby Chianan. It reservoir which has led to the represents 90,000 hectares of installation of nets to filter This plant has two turbines arable lands and produces the them. and a nominal power of 9 MW highest quantities of rice in (2 x 4.5 MW). The head height Taiwan. In order to make the most of is rather low (20 m), therefore With a height of 56 m, a width the potential energy storage it is fitted with Kaplan turbines of 1,273 m and a water surface of the infrastructure, the with an average flow rate of of 13 km2, it was designed as construction of a hydroelec- about 15 t/s for 303 rpm. Over the largest reservoir in Asia. tric power plant began at the the year, this plant produces INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 4 35

an average of 42,170 MWh for less than 100 days of operation. The most active months are from April to June with the monsoon and from June to September during the typhoon season. All electricity produced at the dam is bought by Taipower at a variable rate depending on the time of day. The plant employs four people to operate 24/7: three operators work on eight-hour shifts under the direction of a supervisor. Command center © F. MARCHAT Two other hydroelectric plants have been built to take advantage of the Wushantou Reservoir’s energy storage Output of one of the turbines potential. These two other © F. MARCHAT facilities add a nominal power of approximately 12 MW to the Wushantou site. Since the 1970s, the reservoir has been a popular tourist spot in Taiwan. It now includes an aquatic park, a memorial dedicated to Yoichi Hatta, and a museum recounting the history of the construction of the reservoir and the life of its designer.

We are very grateful to the Chianan Irrigation Association for making our visit possible. Inauguration of the plant in 2002 © F. MARCHAT Florian MARCHAT & Valentin MATHIEU INF’OSE | March 2019

36 DAY 4

Tsing Hua University

fter taking the popular did not include a conference of the Nuclear Engineering A High Speed Rail (HSR) by OSE students on mobil- & Science Institute (NES), train from Tainan to Hsinchu ity, the visit did feature pre- Dr. Tsung-Kuang Yeh. His pre- to go up the West Coast, we sentations by local teacher- sentation focused on the arrived at National Tsing Hua researchers followed by a Taiwanese energy context and University on the afternoon visit of the university’s THOR its future challenges. of Thursday, 7th March to visit nuclear facilities. The audi- the third and final university ence was mainly composed Taiwan’s energy plan con- of the trip. NTHU is one of the of the Master’s students, sists in stopping electricity most prestigious universities two scientific attachés from generation from nuclear by in East Asia. It was established the Representative Office of 2025 and increasing renew- in 1911 in Beijing before being France in Taipei, international able energy in the produc- exiled to Hsinchu in 1956 as a relations representatives from tion mix from 4.9% to 20%. result of the Chinese civil war NTHU, and several members The Taiwanese mix in 2025 with the flight of the govern- and professors from the would then be 50% gas, 30% ment of the Republic of China College of Nuclear Science. coal and 20% renewable. to Taiwan. The university is Following the ritual greet- Dr. Tsung-Kuang Yeh expressed divided into 7 colleges, 17 ings made by Dr. Rong-Jiun his concerns about the fea- departments and 22 research Sheu, the floor was given sibility of such a renewal of institutes. Approximately to Dr. Gilles Guerassimoff, production in only six years. 16,000 students includ- head of MS OSE, to Indeed, the island has already ing 1,736 PhD students are present MNES ParisTech, experienced one “blackout”, enrolled at the university, PSL University, the Center for in August 2017, while one of which also boasts three Nobel Applied Mathematics (CMA) the four nuclear power plants Prize alumni. at Sophia-Antipolis and the was undergoing maintenance. Master on Energy Systems The electricity reserve capac- We were welcomed in the Optimization (MS OSE). Next ity could decrease very signif- rain by Dr. Rong-Jiun Sheu came the turn of the director icantly according to the NES and then settled in a room at estimation, as shown in the the NTHU College of Nuclear graph below. The non-open- Science. This college has more ing of the yet-to-be-built than 1,000 students divided Lungmen nuclear power plant mainly between two depart- continues to weaken electric- ments but also three insti- ity production in Taiwan. tutes. Its research activities focus on peaceful applications In a second part, a techni- of nuclear energy. Although it cal presentation was given INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 4 37

by Dr. Tsan-Yao Chen on the next generation of heteroge- neous catalysts for the development of high efficiency fuel cells. He pointed out that a university study has found that atomic cluster decoration makes the highly disordered Co@Pd nanocatalyst stable with promising performances in catalysis reactions. Thanks to this control of the atomic Reservoir capacity in Taiwan structure, the energy density the pool around the fuel. In cancer. Dr. Jin-Der Lee used can be multiplied by 2.3. the last five years, research patient pictures to explain Following this presenta- on boron neutron capture that the goal of this treat- tion, the University Dean, therapy (BNCT) at NTHU has ment is to eliminate as many Dr. Min Lee, came to greet contributed to the treatment cancer cells as possible while the scientific attachés, of recurrent head and neck minimizing collateral damage Gilles Guerassimoff and the cancer. The neutron beam to healthy cells. The use of Master’s students. The visit part of the BNCT research was THOR in the conduct of BNCT ended with a (radio-) active carried out using Tsing Hua’s research has considerable discovery of the campus’s sci- Open-pool Reactor (THOR). potential to advance the clin- entific facilities, including the This is a 2 MW reactor, mod- ical treatment of cancer. Tsing-Hua Open-pool Reactor erated and cooled with light (THOR) nuclear infrastruc- water (visible on the picture, Ahmed CHAABANE & ture, which began operation under the yellow nacelle). Martin PIERSON in 1958. Dr. Jin-Der Lee We led Clinical trials are currently the visit of the control center, underway on head and neck

38 DAY 5

HoPing cement factory and coal power plant

On the last day of industrial and academic visits, the OSE master’s students left the deserted district of Ximending in Taipei (the Taiwanese Times Square) at 6.30 AM. After a journey through the North East of the island, they were greeted at the industrial park of HoPing. This park is the result of a joint venture between the Taiwan Cement Company and the Ho-Ping Power Station. An overview of the park can be seen in the photograph below, taken by a master’s student from the entrance of the limestone quarry. Built at the end of the 1990s, it includes a cement plant (bottom left), a coal-fired plant, and an artificial port capable of accommodating ships carrying coal, cement and other materials (up to 80,000 tons).

T h e c e m e n t fac to r y and the last one is in Hualien. to Taiwan, sales to China TCC was officially transformed and exports. In 2017, turn- he Taiwan Cement from a state-owned enter- over from sales amounted to T Corporation (TCC) was prise into a public company 98,312 million Taiwan dollars founded in 1946 and its head- in 1954. In 1962, it was the (about 2.8 billion euros). [1] quartered in Taipei. It has first Taiwanese company to Initially, TCC’s plants were three plants: the first is in go public. The company’s located on the west coast Hoping, the second in Suao, sales are split between sales of the island. In 1991, in an INF’OSE | March 2019

DAY 5 39

attempt to decarbonize the Cement production takes and then ground. Other com- western part of the island, place according to the follow- ponents such as gypsum are which houses the majority ing process: added to the clinker in differ- of the population, the state The first phase is consists ent amounts depending on the imposed the relocation of all in extraction and crush- use of the cement (masonry, cement factories to the east ing. Bulldozers break up the dams, etc.). This final cement coast. The company followed quarry face and crush the is now ready to ship. this decision by choosing large extracted rocks. The Hoping to build its plant. The TTC quarry has the advantage Hoping plant started opera- of being situated at a height Raw materials, such as fuel, tions in 2000. The production of 1,200 m above the factory, iron residuals, and gypsum, capacity of this plant is around which avoids wasting energy are imported from Hoping 4,000 kt/year according to to move the rocks because Harbor, and co-products are Mr. Cheng-Tse Wu (assistant they are transported by exported to the west coast manager of the processing gravity (a large pipe through port. control department), who wel- which the rocks fall towards The joint venture was created comed us to the company and the factory). The following to adopt a circular economy introduced us to its activity. phase is pre-homogenization. in favor of the environment. This operation is carried out in The cement plant’s waste heat The history of cement in vast sheds where the slabs are has a production capacity of Taiwan began in 1915, when sampled, mixed then screened 31.5 MWh. When both fur- the Japanese company (mainly limestone CaCO3 and naces at the cement works are Asano Cement began building schist). The resulting aggre- in operation, up to 21.3 MW of cement factories. The annual gate is then crushed and electricity is generated. production of its plants was transformed to meal, which is In addition, TCC has devel-

30 kt/year. In 1942, the Suao stored in homogenizing silos. oped CO2 capture techniques. plant was built. In 1954, the Air from blowers in the silos It uses limestone as an absor- Taiwanese state decided to regulates the chemical com- bent due to its high absorp- develop the cement indus- position and density of the tion capacity and reduced try and open up the market. meal components. The meal energy consumption (addi- Several private companies is then put in an kiln reach- tional energy expenditure invested in these state entering temperatures of up to <20% at a cost of

40 DAY 5

Operation of carbon capture © A. MACHRAFI The process efficiency is mix. The plant site covers the Mitsubishi Corporation greater than 80% (Ca/C 5 ratio) 27 hectares and includes two (20%) and the Taiwan Cement

and the CO2 capture capac- generating units, each gen- Corporation (60%). The ity is 0.16 t/h. To increase its erating 660 MW maximum manager of operations and efficiency, TCC uses cascading power. It fulfills 3.7% of the maintenance of the site is cyclones because the vertical island’s electricity demand, the HPC Power Services Corp structure of the cyclones pro- making it the fourth coal (HPSC), which handles human motes thermal exchange and plant. In Taiwan, coal accounts resources. limits the occupied surface. In for 22% of installed power 2025, TCC hopes to reduce its (9.2 GW) and 30% of net elec- Coal, which arrives at the port, costs to US$10-15/t. tricity generation (nearly comes mainly from Indonesia,

The CO2 captured is then used 70,000 GWh). Australia and Russia. It is to produce energy by biomass Construction of the plant transported to the storage through the cultivation of began at the same time as the dome via treadmills. Two of micro-algae. cement plant. Their produc- these domes have a diam- tion units produced their first eter of 146 m for 105 kT of T h e coa l p l a n t flames in July and November coal storage capacity. The 2001 and commercial oper- last dome has a diameter of After lunch at the plant’s ations began in June and 126 m for a capacity of 155 kT. canteen, students were September 2002. On average, a boat containing welcomed at the offices The owner of the plant is about 70,000 tons of coal sup- of the coal-fired plant by Ho-Ping Power Company, plies the power plant every Mr. Mu Chuan Tseng, the which owns the site, equipment week. We were able to visit site’s Vice President, and and machinery. Investment one of the coal storage domes. Mr. Gary J. G. Wei, manager to build the plant amounted As we can see on the fol- of the Engineering Services to NT$ 38,500 million ( 1.1 lowing figure representing Department, who explained billion euros). The plant’s the general operation of the how the plant operates and its shares are split between plant, the coal comes from the place in the Taiwanese energy three entities: CLP (20%), top of the dome and is stored INF’OSE | March 2019

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42 DAY 5

in a heap. A shearer then picks up the coal to transport it via an underground conduit to the boilers. The flow of coal for one boiler is 213.7 tons/hour, which corresponds to approximately 70,000 tons of coal per week for the two boilers. The general characteristics of the boilers, turbines and generators are represented in the following table: Boilers (yellow part) Turbines & Generators (pink part) Mean steam pressure (bar) 182 177,5 Mean steam temperature (°C) 542 540 Mean flow rate (t/h) 1990 1930

Although it has a 40% yield, Fine particles are then fil- Thanks to these filtering this plant is characterized as tered through an electrostatic systems, the plant limits a subcritical plant. It is impor- precipitator (ESP). Finally, a greenhouse gas emissions, tant to note that here boilers desulfurization unit (FGD) which are below or equal to are preheated using diesel uses limestone to capture national standards, as shown (orange at the bottom left of sulfur dioxide. This reduction in the following table. the figure). The water used to reaction uses the limestone generate steam (green part extracted from the cement The rest of the smoke is at the bottom) is industrial quarry and produces the released through a 250 m-high water; it is filtered and puri- gypsum used by the cement chimney whose diameter is fied prior to being routed to plant. 25.1 m at its base and 17.1 m the turbines. Seawater from at the top. the port is used to cool the turbine. Before entering the plant cooling system, it is filtered by titanium cathodic protection. The sea water enters at a temperature of 25°C and is discharged at around 33°C (the legal limit is 42 °C). After the combustion phase, the fumes are then processed through three different systems. First, a selective cat- alytic reduction (SCR) trans- forms the nitrogen oxides NOx

DAY 5 43

The plant emission limits National standards

SOx ≤ 50 ppm ≤ 60 ppm NOx ≤ 50 ppm ≤ 50 ppm Fine particles ≤ 20 mg/Nm3 ≤ 20 mg/Nm3

Finally, the plant is con- (June to September), it must approximately 9 500 GWh nected to the high-voltage operate at maximum capacity annually. network (345kV) for a capac- every day from 7:30 to 22:30. ity of 2180 MVA via the Sub During the other months, All of the students would Tong Shan station. This con- it must operate from 8:30 like to thank the cement and nection between the plant to 21:30. During the rest of coal plant staff for their warm and the substation is 53 km the time, the plant meets welcome and the valuable long and requires 123 pylons. the needs of Taipower. As information provided on the The plant was certified a result, high-risk activi- operations of their factories. ISO 9001 in May 2003, and ties that require landfills 14001 in October 2004. I n and stoppages are planned Aboubakr MACHRAFI, 2011, it was awarded five stars during unguaranteed pro- Juliette THOMAS & by the National Standards duction periods. The plant is Hamza MRAIHI Authority of Africa (NOSA), stopped to carry out minor an agency that certifies the revisions for 25 to 35 days a quality and safety of produc- year. Every six years, a period tion of goods and services. of major revision is carried The authority audits the plant out lasting 50 days. annually in order to check In terms of performance, compliance with greenhouse over the past 15 years, the gas emissions standards. plant has been available As part of the electricity con- on average 90% of the year tract signed with Taipower during periods of produc- for a period of 25 years, the tion guarantees and around plant is obliged to guarantee 83% over the whole year. production hours. In summer Production therefore equals

Sources :

[1] « Taïwan Cement », Taiwan Cement. Available on: http://www.taiwancement.com/en/. [Consulted the: 13-march-2019]. [2] « Southeast Cement Corporation Website ». Available on: http://southeastcement.com.tw/. [Consulted the: 13-march-2019]. INF’OSE | March 2019

44 CONTACTS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In addition to those mentioned in the various articles of this account, our trip would not have been possible without the precious help of several people who we would like to warmly thank:

The staff at the French Office in Taipei, for their valuable help and numerous academic contacts, as well as for the discussions that we had during our visit to the French Tech, and in particular Mr. Benoît Guidée, director, Mr. Benoît Lépine and Sasha Ting, scientific attachés, and Mr. Jonathan Drubay, deputy scientific attaché.

Mr. Pascal Viaud, director of Ubik Consulting, for efficiently putting us in contact with industrial partners to visit, and Mei-Ling Tsai, manager of Ubik Travel Agency, for so brilliantly managing the logistics and interpretation throughout our Taiwanese travels (http://www. ubik.com.tw/en/).

Mr. Martin Tzou, direct of markets for EDF in Taiwan, for his presentation on EDF’s activities on the island.

Mr. Clément Dieudonné, director of strategy at Ubiik, and Mr. Philippe Tzou, business development manager at UnaBiz, for explaining their development and activities at French Tech.

Mr. Hsu Tun Kuei, director of distribution at Taipower, for his presentation of the company’s activities and showroom.

Mr. Bor Kae Chang, professor at National Central University (NCU), for organizing a fruitful half-day of exchanges. Mr. Chih-Ang Chung, professor and vice-president of the mechanics department for his welcome and presentation of the university. Mr. Chung-Jen Tseng, professor emeritus, for showing us the smart green habitat. Last but not least, Professors Cheng-I Chen and Jiunn-Chi Wu for their presence and questions.

Mr. Jean-Baptiste Fichet, account manager at ITRI, for his welcome, Mr. Tze-Chin Pan, for his presentation on saving energy in industry, Mr. Yi-Hua Wu, for his presentation of the TIMES model of Taiwan, and Ms. Jessica Ma for taking us round the showroom.

Mr. Chia-Yuan Chen, professor at NCKU, for organizing our meeting day. Ms. Weili Teng for her welcome and accompaniment. Professors Yen-Jong Chen and Jow-Lay Huang for their presentations, and Hong-Tzer Yang, Changshu Kuo, Wei-Hsiang Lai, Rodney H. Matsuoka, INF’OSE | March 2019

CONTACTS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 45

Eric Chen, Jih-Heng Chen, Rita Kua, Hsin-Hung Chen and Hung-Jie Tang for their presence and proposed visits.

Mr. Min Lee, professor emeritus at NTHU for welcoming us, and professors Rong-Jiun Sheu, Tsung-Kuang Yeh, Tsan-Yao Chen and Pai-Yi Hsiao for their involvement and discussions, as well as Dr. Jin-Der Lee for showing us around the THOR reactor.

Ms. Audrey Leblic, design manager, and Ms. Jasmine Lin, project manager, at Ciel & Terre for their warm welcome and for showing us the solar floating sites.

Mr. Mu Chuan Tseng, vice-president of HPC Power Services Corp. and Mr. Gary J. G. Wei, for their hosting, presentation and exchanges, and for showing us round the Hoping cement works site and electricity power plant. INF’OSE | March 2019

46 PARTNERS